The design and response of a triple-band linear-to-circular polarization converter (LTCPC) in the terahertz frequency regime using a graphene-based transmission-type metasurface have been studied numerically and analytically. The unit cell of the converter is constructed using lossy silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a relative permittivity of 3.9 as the substrate. And two similar layers of graphene-based sub-wavelength structures are used at the top and bottom of it. Multiband linear to circular polarization conversion is achieved from 0.74 THz to 0.98 THz, 1.70 THz to 2.33 THz, and 4.06 THz to 5.19 THz, i.e., about 28 %, 31 %, and 24 % fractional bandwidths, respectively. As the same metasurface configuration is used at the top and bottom layers of the transmission-type unit cell, it can be used as a bidirectional polarization converter with identical responses from both sides. The geometrical optimization of the unit cell is done, and an equivalent lumped parameter circuit model is also proposed for the same, considering analogous responses. Tunability over the operating frequency is achieved by varying the chemical potential and relaxation time of graphene. Moreover, due to the ultrathin width and special types of identical configuration of the metasurfaces, the response of the system remains excellent over a wide range of incident angle variations up to 80° angle of incidence.
{"title":"Bidirectional triple-band truly incident angle insensitive polarization converter using graphene-based transmissive metasurface for terahertz frequency","authors":"Hiranmay Mistri, Anumoy Ghosh, Manaj Dandapathak","doi":"10.1515/freq-2024-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0065","url":null,"abstract":"The design and response of a triple-band linear-to-circular polarization converter (LTCPC) in the terahertz frequency regime using a graphene-based transmission-type metasurface have been studied numerically and analytically. The unit cell of the converter is constructed using lossy silicon dioxide (SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with a relative permittivity of 3.9 as the substrate. And two similar layers of graphene-based sub-wavelength structures are used at the top and bottom of it. Multiband linear to circular polarization conversion is achieved from 0.74 THz to 0.98 THz, 1.70 THz to 2.33 THz, and 4.06 THz to 5.19 THz, i.e., about 28 %, 31 %, and 24 % fractional bandwidths, respectively. As the same metasurface configuration is used at the top and bottom layers of the transmission-type unit cell, it can be used as a bidirectional polarization converter with identical responses from both sides. The geometrical optimization of the unit cell is done, and an equivalent lumped parameter circuit model is also proposed for the same, considering analogous responses. Tunability over the operating frequency is achieved by varying the chemical potential and relaxation time of graphene. Moreover, due to the ultrathin width and special types of identical configuration of the metasurfaces, the response of the system remains excellent over a wide range of incident angle variations up to 80° angle of incidence.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A detailed characterization of a high-power radio frequency (RF) broadband circularly polarized two-arm spiral antenna is designed to operate within the frequency range of 0.1–1.0 GHz. The impedance matching network technique is introduced to optimize its performance. The traditional spiral antenna is excited by a vertical or horizontal balun, whereas the proposed design is directly fed by a coaxial cable featuring a planar feeding section specially optimized to achieve broadband input impedance matching. The spiral antenna is designed as per the steady-state superconducting tokamak (SST-1) port space constraints. The simulated efficiency of the RF power coupling with the hydrogen plasma is ∼70 %. Through simulation, it was evident that the proposed antenna exhibited inherent resonance at 0.5 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −27.94 dB and an axial ratio is 3.39 dB respectively. The obtained outcomes unequivocally demonstrate the circular polarization of the designed antenna. Overall, the findings support the enhancement of plasma heating and current drive techniques in fusion research.
{"title":"Analysis of spiral antenna for enhancing antenna-plasma coupling impedance for SST-1 tokamak","authors":"Dimple Yadav, Vishant Gahlaut, Meenu Kaushik, Raj Singh","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0433","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed characterization of a high-power radio frequency (RF) broadband circularly polarized two-arm spiral antenna is designed to operate within the frequency range of 0.1–1.0 GHz. The impedance matching network technique is introduced to optimize its performance. The traditional spiral antenna is excited by a vertical or horizontal balun, whereas the proposed design is directly fed by a coaxial cable featuring a planar feeding section specially optimized to achieve broadband input impedance matching. The spiral antenna is designed as per the steady-state superconducting tokamak (SST-1) port space constraints. The simulated efficiency of the RF power coupling with the hydrogen plasma is ∼70 %. Through simulation, it was evident that the proposed antenna exhibited inherent resonance at 0.5 GHz with a reflection coefficient of −27.94 dB and an axial ratio is 3.39 dB respectively. The obtained outcomes unequivocally demonstrate the circular polarization of the designed antenna. Overall, the findings support the enhancement of plasma heating and current drive techniques in fusion research.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A beam-steering fed array antenna has been proposed for radar and mm-Wave applications operating from 22.6 to 26.89 GHz and 30–45 GHz with B.W % of 17.34 % and 40 % respectively having size of 12.11 × 25.58 × 0.8 mm3 (0.96λo × 2.01λo × 0.06λo). For radar, this antenna covers 24.15 GHz as police radar, 24.25–25.25 GHz & 31.8–33.4 GHz as navigation radar, and 33.4–36 GHz as high-resolution radar for airport surveillance. This antenna also covers mm-wave bands for different countries (Brazil-40 GHz, China- 34–42.5 GHz, Mexico- 33 GHz and 37 GHz, and USA- 24 GHz, 37 & 39 GHz). At initial stage, a monopole antenna with DGS has been designed with an operating band of 20.2–31.2 GHz and 36.6–42.2 GHz. Proposed antenna shifts the beam pattern at 90° with each other after exciting each port in alternative order with a scanning angle of ±45°, ±75° & ±180°. Peak gain for 1st band ranges from 7.1 to 9 dBi and for the 2nd band ranges from 8.8 to 10.2 dBi and has a radiation efficiency of 88 %. Other diversity parameters such as ECC, DG, MEG, and isolation get analysed to observe the coupling effects. Design, development, and analysis of all antenna parameters is done by using HFSS 19 platform.
{"title":"Dual band beam steering antenna using branch line coupler network for higher band applications","authors":"Amit Abhishek, Priyadarshi Suraj","doi":"10.1515/freq-2024-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0078","url":null,"abstract":"A beam-steering fed array antenna has been proposed for radar and mm-Wave applications operating from 22.6 to 26.89 GHz and 30–45 GHz with B.W % of 17.34 % and 40 % respectively having size of 12.11 × 25.58 × 0.8 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> (0.96<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>o × 2.01<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>o × 0.06<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>o). For radar, this antenna covers 24.15 GHz as police radar, 24.25–25.25 GHz & 31.8–33.4 GHz as navigation radar, and 33.4–36 GHz as high-resolution radar for airport surveillance. This antenna also covers mm-wave bands for different countries (Brazil-40 GHz, China- 34–42.5 GHz, Mexico- 33 GHz and 37 GHz, and USA- 24 GHz, 37 & 39 GHz). At initial stage, a monopole antenna with DGS has been designed with an operating band of 20.2–31.2 GHz and 36.6–42.2 GHz. Proposed antenna shifts the beam pattern at 90° with each other after exciting each port in alternative order with a scanning angle of ±45°, ±75° & ±180°. Peak gain for 1st band ranges from 7.1 to 9 dBi and for the 2nd band ranges from 8.8 to 10.2 dBi and has a radiation efficiency of 88 %. Other diversity parameters such as ECC, DG, MEG, and isolation get analysed to observe the coupling effects. Design, development, and analysis of all antenna parameters is done by using HFSS 19 platform.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable for treating various health disorders and monitoring individual well-being as a result of significant technical breakthroughs in the field of biomedical technology. This article describes a wireless powering technique at 2.45 GHz for low power devices such as IMDs. The design incorporates a rectangular patch antenna that exhibits peak gain of 2.1 dB and impedance bandwidth of 620 MHz with compact size of 71.4 mm3. The antenna is simulated within a three-layer phantom model replicating the human body to evaluate its performance, which produces −21.4 dB peak gain and 600 MHz–10 dB impedance bandwidth. A full wave rectifier aided by matching network is used to accomplish optimal conversion of RF signal to DC power. The constructed prototype is tested in a saline solution, and the measured results closely match the simulation results. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated using a phantom model and a head model for assessing patient safety and biocompatibility. The proposed antenna has SAR values of 5.12 W/kg and 3.13 W/kg are exhibited by proposed antenna inside three layer phantom model and human head model.
{"title":"Design of high gain miniaturized WPT rectenna for implantable biomedical applications","authors":"Rajendra Jampa, Dinesh Sharma","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0354","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable for treating various health disorders and monitoring individual well-being as a result of significant technical breakthroughs in the field of biomedical technology. This article describes a wireless powering technique at 2.45 GHz for low power devices such as IMDs. The design incorporates a rectangular patch antenna that exhibits peak gain of 2.1 dB and impedance bandwidth of 620 MHz with compact size of 71.4 mm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>. The antenna is simulated within a three-layer phantom model replicating the human body to evaluate its performance, which produces −21.4 dB peak gain and 600 MHz–10 dB impedance bandwidth. A full wave rectifier aided by matching network is used to accomplish optimal conversion of RF signal to DC power. The constructed prototype is tested in a saline solution, and the measured results closely match the simulation results. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated using a phantom model and a head model for assessing patient safety and biocompatibility. The proposed antenna has SAR values of 5.12 W/kg and 3.13 W/kg are exhibited by proposed antenna inside three layer phantom model and human head model.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wideband bandpass filter (BPF) using capacitor-loaded coupled lines is proposed with super-compact circuit size and very simple structure. By loading three lumped capacitors in parallel to three same pairs of coupled lines, three transmission poles and four transmission zeros can be achieved and they can be calculated by input admittance derivation. To verify the design, a wideband BPF prototype with center frequency at 1.34 GHz is fabricated, whose measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth is 98.5 % (0.68–2 GHz), in-band insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB, return loss is greater than 17.5 dB, and circuit size is only 0.24 λg × 0.02 λg (λg: guided wavelength at the center frequency).
{"title":"A super-compact wideband bandpass filter using capacitor-loaded coupled lines","authors":"Kai-Da Xu, Jing Tian, Hairui Liu, Yannan Jiang","doi":"10.1515/freq-2024-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2024-0055","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband bandpass filter (BPF) using capacitor-loaded coupled lines is proposed with super-compact circuit size and very simple structure. By loading three lumped capacitors in parallel to three same pairs of coupled lines, three transmission poles and four transmission zeros can be achieved and they can be calculated by input admittance derivation. To verify the design, a wideband BPF prototype with center frequency at 1.34 GHz is fabricated, whose measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth is 98.5 % (0.68–2 GHz), in-band insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB, return loss is greater than 17.5 dB, and circuit size is only 0.24 <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub> × 0.02 <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>g</jats:sub>: guided wavelength at the center frequency).","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Durmus, Zafer Yildirim, Rifat Kurban, Ercan Karakose
In this study, optimum radiation patterns of Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays (CCAAs) are obtained by using the Atomic Orbital Search (AOS) algorithm for communication spectrum. Communication systems stands as a nascent technological innovation poised to revolutionize the landscape of wireless communication systems. It distinguishes itself through its hallmark features, notably an exceptionally high data transmission rate, expanded network capacity, minimal latency, and a commendable quality of service. The most important issue in wireless communication is a precision antenna array design. The success of this design depends on suppressing the maximum sidelobe levels (MSLs) values of the antenna in the far-field radiation region as much as possible. The AOS, which is a rapid and flexible search algorithm, is a novel physics-based algorithm. The amplitudes and inter-element spacing of CCAAs are optimally determined by utilizing AOS to the reduction of the MSLs. In this study, CCAAs with three and four rings are considered. The number of elements of these CCAAs has been determined as 4–6–8, 8–10–12 and 6–12–18–24. The radiation patterns obtained with AOS are compared with the results available in the literature and it is seen that the results of the AOS method are better.
本研究利用原子轨道搜索（AOS）算法，获得了同心圆天线阵列（CCAA）在通信频谱中的最佳辐射模式。通信系统是一项新兴的技术创新，有望彻底改变无线通信系统的面貌。它的显著特点是数据传输速率极高、网络容量扩大、延迟极小以及服务质量值得称道。无线通信中最重要的问题是精确的天线阵列设计。这种设计的成功取决于尽可能抑制天线在远场辐射区域的最大侧叶电平（MSL）值。AOS 是一种快速灵活的搜索算法，是一种基于物理学的新型算法。利用 AOS 可以优化确定 CCAA 的振幅和元件间距，从而降低 MSL。本研究考虑了三环和四环 CCAA。这些 CCAA 的元件数被确定为 4-6-8、8-10-12 和 6-12-18-24。使用 AOS 方法获得的辐射模式与文献中的结果进行了比较，发现 AOS 方法的结果更好。
{"title":"An optimal concentric circular antenna array design using atomic orbital search for communication systems","authors":"Ali Durmus, Zafer Yildirim, Rifat Kurban, Ercan Karakose","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0432","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, optimum radiation patterns of Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays (CCAAs) are obtained by using the Atomic Orbital Search (AOS) algorithm for communication spectrum. Communication systems stands as a nascent technological innovation poised to revolutionize the landscape of wireless communication systems. It distinguishes itself through its hallmark features, notably an exceptionally high data transmission rate, expanded network capacity, minimal latency, and a commendable quality of service. The most important issue in wireless communication is a precision antenna array design. The success of this design depends on suppressing the maximum sidelobe levels (MSLs) values of the antenna in the far-field radiation region as much as possible. The AOS, which is a rapid and flexible search algorithm, is a novel physics-based algorithm. The amplitudes and inter-element spacing of CCAAs are optimally determined by utilizing AOS to the reduction of the MSLs. In this study, CCAAs with three and four rings are considered. The number of elements of these CCAAs has been determined as 4–6–8, 8–10–12 and 6–12–18–24. The radiation patterns obtained with AOS are compared with the results available in the literature and it is seen that the results of the AOS method are better.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of balanced filters based on composite right/left hand (CRLH) structure is well developed. Among those, few designs exist which although they provide some good responses, suffer from narrow stopbands and interdependent passbands. This paper proposes a new technique for improving the characteristics of dual-band balanced bandpass filters (B-BPFs) based on planar CRLH. Using unequal inductive stubs (UISs) attached to the interdigital capacitor (IDC) unit cell, we were able to achieve outstanding harmonic suppression and passband controllability. This structure offers higher degrees of freedom compared to conventional designs and provides better control over the filter specifications. Mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, fabrication, and performance measurement of the proposed technique in a dual-band B-BPF are also provided. Our work resulted in an independent and controllable dual-band B-BPF with ultra-wide upper differential-mode (DM) stopband of 5.9f1 and common-mode (CM) suppression of 40.4 and 32.6 dB for the first and second bands, respectively.
{"title":"A new technique for improving performance of conventional CRLH resonators using IDC/UISs with enhanced harmonic suppression in balanced dual-band BPFs","authors":"Reza Eskandari, Mohammadbagher Tavakoli, Farbod Setoudeh, Ashkan Horri, Seyed Peyman Faghir Mirnezami","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0409","url":null,"abstract":"The design of balanced filters based on composite right/left hand (CRLH) structure is well developed. Among those, few designs exist which although they provide some good responses, suffer from narrow stopbands and interdependent passbands. This paper proposes a new technique for improving the characteristics of dual-band balanced bandpass filters (B-BPFs) based on planar CRLH. Using unequal inductive stubs (UISs) attached to the interdigital capacitor (IDC) unit cell, we were able to achieve outstanding harmonic suppression and passband controllability. This structure offers higher degrees of freedom compared to conventional designs and provides better control over the filter specifications. Mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, fabrication, and performance measurement of the proposed technique in a dual-band B-BPF are also provided. Our work resulted in an independent and controllable dual-band B-BPF with ultra-wide upper differential-mode (DM) stopband of 5.9<jats:italic>f</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> and common-mode (CM) suppression of 40.4 and 32.6 dB for the first and second bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Implantation depth of Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) is an important factor of communication quality between implantable antennas in IMDs and external devices. Therefore, it is required to study the effect of implantation depth on implantable antenna performance. In this article, dependence of resonant frequency and scattering parameters of a two-antenna system where one miniaturized meander-line antenna is placed within human muscle tissue layer operating at 2.45 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band and a rectangular patch antenna placed outside human body, are tested. Here 15 values of implantation depth ranging over 5–35 mm inside muscle layer are taken and for each case resonant frequency and scattering parameters (S11 and S21) of the system are recorded. Statistical analysis has been performed to observe how these performance parameters are dependent on depth of implantation which may be varied at the time of surgery.
{"title":"Analysis of muscle implanted antenna performance with the variation of implantation depth","authors":"Soham Ghosh, Bhaskar Gupta","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0421","url":null,"abstract":"Implantation depth of Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) is an important factor of communication quality between implantable antennas in IMDs and external devices. Therefore, it is required to study the effect of implantation depth on implantable antenna performance. In this article, dependence of resonant frequency and scattering parameters of a two-antenna system where one miniaturized meander-line antenna is placed within human muscle tissue layer operating at 2.45 GHz ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band and a rectangular patch antenna placed outside human body, are tested. Here 15 values of implantation depth ranging over 5–35 mm inside muscle layer are taken and for each case resonant frequency and scattering parameters (<jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>11</jats:sub> and <jats:italic>S</jats:italic> <jats:sub>21</jats:sub>) of the system are recorded. Statistical analysis has been performed to observe how these performance parameters are dependent on depth of implantation which may be varied at the time of surgery.","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingxuan Fang, Mengxia Yu, Xiaochuan Zhang, Rou Zhang, Jing Ma
This paper proposes a microstrip filter with controllable transmission zeros based on the λ/4 stepped impedance resonator. This filter utilizes hybrid electric-magnetic coupling to generate transmission zeros, which can improve selectivity and stop-band performance. A fifth-order filter is designed and manufactured on a ceramic substrate with a center frequency of 26 GHz, bandwidth of 2 GHz and the signal suppression level is better than 42.51 dB from 10 to 22.8 GHz and 48.23 dB from 29.1 to 40 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed filter has a compact size of 2.074 × 1.071 mm (0.566λg × 0.292λg).
{"title":"A high-selectivity ceramic bandpass filter with controllable transmission zeros","authors":"Yingxuan Fang, Mengxia Yu, Xiaochuan Zhang, Rou Zhang, Jing Ma","doi":"10.1515/freq-2023-0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2023-0198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a microstrip filter with controllable transmission zeros based on the <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic>/4 stepped impedance resonator. This filter utilizes hybrid electric-magnetic coupling to generate transmission zeros, which can improve selectivity and stop-band performance. A fifth-order filter is designed and manufactured on a ceramic substrate with a center frequency of 26 GHz, bandwidth of 2 GHz and the signal suppression level is better than 42.51 dB from 10 to 22.8 GHz and 48.23 dB from 29.1 to 40 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed filter has a compact size of 2.074 × 1.071 mm (0.566<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> </jats:sub> × 0.292<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> </jats:sub>).","PeriodicalId":55143,"journal":{"name":"Frequenz","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purnima K. Sharma, Jerzy R. Szymański, Marta Żurek-Mortka, Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan, Dinesh Sharma
A wide variety of driver safety, comfort, and infotainment systems are available in modern cars, many of which rely on wireless connectivity. This article introduces a modified square-shape MIMO antenna designed for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. The design of the antenna operates for WiMAX, WirelssLAN, frequency bands which possess a compact size of 60 mm × 40 mm × 0.256 mm. The antenna utilizes modified square shape stubs and defected ground and achieves dual-band resonance by using circular shapes at the corners and a slot in the center position. The rectangular and circular slots enable resonance at 4.3 GHz & 5 GHz, and also has a low impedance matching with better radiation of omnidirectional patterns. It was determined that the MIMO antenna under consideration reaches a maximum gain of 6.5 dB and 4 dBi at 4.3 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. When tested at theta = 30° and phi = 90°, this MIMO antenna shows very little backward radiation, exactly −5 dB. The authors have attained reliable communication by fine-tuning the structural parameters of the antenna to achieve the desired passband performance. Furthermore, virtually placing the antenna on a car model and analyzing its performance in a realistic scenario has enabled them to determine the antenna’s effectiveness in real-world applications. The authors have also presented better simulation results. This approach provides experimental evidence of the antenna’s performance and validates the results, ensuring the proposed antenna meets the required specifications. The article provides a robust analysis of proposed design of the antenna for vehicular communications.
现代汽车上有各种各样的驾驶安全、舒适和信息娱乐系统，其中许多都依赖于无线连接。本文介绍了一种为车对物（V2X）通信而设计的改进型方形多输入多输出天线。该天线的设计适用于 WiMAX、WirelssLAN 频段，具有 60 mm × 40 mm × 0.256 mm 的紧凑尺寸。该天线采用改进的方形存根和有缺陷的地面，并通过在四角使用圆形和在中心位置使用插槽实现双频谐振。矩形槽和圆形槽实现了 4.3 GHz & 5 GHz 的谐振，同时还具有低阻抗匹配和更好的全向辐射模式。据测定，所考虑的 MIMO 天线在 4.3 GHz 和 5 GHz 的最大增益分别为 6.5 dB 和 4 dBi。当在 theta = 30° 和 phi = 90° 条件下进行测试时，该多输入多输出天线的向后辐射非常小，正好为 -5 dB。作者通过微调天线的结构参数，达到了所需的通带性能，从而实现了可靠的通信。此外，将天线虚拟放置在汽车模型上并分析其在现实场景中的性能，使他们能够确定天线在实际应用中的有效性。作者还提出了更好的模拟结果。这种方法为天线的性能提供了实验证据，并对结果进行了验证，确保所提出的天线符合所要求的规格。文章对拟议的车载通信天线设计进行了稳健的分析。
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