Foundations of Science最新文献

英文中文

Art and Individuation: a Processual Framework for Aesthetic Form and Perception 艺术与个性化：审美形式与感知的过程框架

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10008-1

Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Mahsa Asadi Anar

引用次数: 0

A New Priority for Neuroaesthetics Research: the Reifying View 神经美学研究的新重点：物化观

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10010-7

Ian Verstegen

Neuroscientific approaches to aesthetics have been almost uniformly disappointing. They are either shallow, unconvincing, or merely addenda to our knowledge of traditional psychology. Because the nature of the endeavor is to go beyond phenomenology, their weakness is evidenced in their tacit epistemology. They either presume some naïve realism with neural “tuning” or else a kind of parallelism where the nature of interaction is never explained. Most damningly such approaches can never explain the profundity of art. Just as a neuroscience requires a reification function, where holistic brain processes can genetically cause our perceptions, so too in neuroaesthetics we need a reification function. The benefit for art is that, as Arnheim outlined already in 1949, percept formation already explains expression and symbolism. Using examples, I will show how a neuroaesthetics has to go “all in” if it wishes to provide important insights into art.

神经科学研究美学的方法几乎无一例外地令人失望。它们要么肤浅，没有说服力，要么仅仅是对我们传统心理学知识的补充。由于这种努力的本质是超越现象学，他们的弱点体现在他们的隐性认识论上。他们要么假设一些naïve现实主义与神经“调谐”，要么假设一种从未解释交互本质的并行性。最糟糕的是，这种方法永远无法解释艺术的深度。就像神经科学需要具体化功能一样，整体的大脑过程可以从基因上导致我们的感知，所以在神经美学中，我们也需要具体化功能。对艺术的好处是，正如阿恩海姆在1949年所概述的那样，感知形成已经解释了表达和象征主义。通过例子，我将展示神经美学如何“全力以赴”，如果它希望提供对艺术的重要见解。

引用次数: 0

The Forgotten Voice: Antonio Meucci and the Origins of Telecommunication Technology 被遗忘的声音：安东尼奥·梅奇和电信技术的起源

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10019-y

Riccardo Meucci

Antonio Meucci, a largely overlooked pioneer in telecommunications, played a foundational role in the development of long-distance voice transmission. Yet his contributions have often been marginalized in dominant techno-historical narratives, particularly when compared to Alexander Graham Bell. This paper reexamines Meucci’s invention of the telettrofono through both historical and technological lenses, tracing the continuity between his early electromechanical devices and the architectures embedded in today’s smartphones. By situating Meucci’s work within the broader contexts of the historical record, cultural memory, and historiography of sound technologies, we highlight how competing narratives of innovation emerge and persist. Drawing on both classical accounts of telephone history and contemporary analyses of media and communication, we argue that Meucci’s legacy is not only technical but also symbolic of the ways recognition and omission shape our understanding of innovation. The trajectory from the telettrofono to the smartphone thus illustrates both the resilience of core scientific principles and the evolving cultural frameworks through which inventors are remembered—or forgotten.

安东尼奥·梅奇（Antonio Meucci）是一位在很大程度上被忽视的电信先驱，他在远距离语音传输的发展中发挥了基础性作用。然而，在主流科技历史叙事中，他的贡献往往被边缘化，尤其是与亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔（Alexander Graham Bell）相比时。本文从历史和技术的角度重新审视了Meucci的teletrofano发明，追溯了他早期的机电设备与当今智能手机中嵌入的架构之间的连续性。通过将Meucci的作品置于更广泛的历史记录、文化记忆和声音技术的史学背景中，我们强调了创新的竞争叙事是如何出现并持续下去的。通过对电话历史的经典描述和对媒体和传播的当代分析，我们认为Meucci的遗产不仅是技术上的，而且是对认识和遗漏塑造我们对创新理解方式的象征。因此，从遥控电话到智能手机的发展轨迹既说明了核心科学原理的弹性，也说明了不断发展的文化框架，通过这些框架，发明家被记住或被遗忘。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond Bayesian Accuracy: Skill, Abduction, and the Free Energy Principle in Normative Rationality 超越贝叶斯的准确性：规范理性中的技能、溯因和自由能原理

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10013-4

Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen, Majid D. Beni

This paper challenges traditional accuracy-centric accounts of rationality by synthesising the Free Energy Principle (FEP) with Charles Peirce’s pragmatist epistemology. Whereas the FEP frames cognition as a biological imperative to minimise surprise through predictive models, we argue that its normative force emerges when integrated with Peircean abduction and skill-based metrics. By reinterpreting rationality through skill scores—Peirce’s 1884 method for evaluating rare-event predictions—we demonstrate that survival-driven inference prioritises context-sensitive skill over abstract accuracy. The FEP’s variational free-energy minimisation aligns with abduction’s dynamic conjecture-making, revealing rationality as a pragmatic negotiation between organismic survival and environmental complexity. Critically, we show that Bayesian accuracy measures (e.g., Kullback–Leibler divergence) fail to capture the adequacy conditions for skillful forecasting, whereas Peirce’s skill score satisfies constraints such as error weighting and directionality. This fusion of FEP and pragmatism advances a naturalistic-normative framework in which rationality is grounded in adaptive, enactive inference rather than idealised coherence, bridging computational neuroscience and theoretical biology with philosophical accounts of inquiry.

本文通过将自由能原理（FEP）与查尔斯·皮尔斯的实用主义认识论相结合，挑战了传统的以准确性为中心的理性解释。尽管FEP将认知定义为通过预测模型最小化意外的生物学要求，但我们认为，当与Peircean溯因法和基于技能的指标相结合时，其规范性力量就会出现。通过技能分数重新解释合理性——皮尔斯1884年评估罕见事件预测的方法——我们证明了生存驱动推理优先考虑情境敏感技能，而不是抽象准确性。FEP的变分自由能最小化与溯因法的动态推测一致，揭示了理性是生物体生存与环境复杂性之间的务实谈判。至关重要的是，我们表明贝叶斯精度度量（例如，kullbackleibler散度）未能捕获熟练预测的充分性条件，而Peirce的技能分数满足诸如误差加权和方向性等约束。这种FEP和实用主义的融合推进了一种自然主义的规范框架，在这种框架中，理性建立在适应性的、行动性的推理之上，而不是理想化的一致性，将计算神经科学和理论生物学与探究的哲学解释联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

A Deflationary View of Capacities and Anthropic Thinking 能力与人类思维的通缩观

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10017-0

Milan M. Cirkovic

引用次数: 0

Life as History: The Perpetual Dichotomy of Biology 生命如历史：生物学永恒的二分法

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10016-1

Hippokratis Kiaris

Scientific disciplines traditionally are defined by their subject matter. In turn, they engage specific methodologies and scientific approaches that are familiar to those that are engaged in their study. Biological sciences however constitute an exception. They engage methodologies that have been developed for the natural sciences, but their subject matter is more relevant to humanities, especially history. The distinctive point that creates this discordance is the integration of notions such as randomness and stochasticity. In traditional natural sciences, limiting them signifies progress by improved methodologies and theories. In biological sciences they are increasingly appreciated as integral components of its subject matter. Relevant to this is also their predictive power. In the former, rendering predictions was constantly seen as validation of the theory by deduction. In biology, the focus on prediction is reduced, and what persists is the retrospective validation of past event and the appreciation of the impact of stochasticity, historicity, and subjectivity. These differences are reflected to the inability, and indeed the abandonment of rendering predictions as a goal for biology, and more recently as well as in other times in history, to the politically – and culturally inflicted - re-evaluation of what both the goals and the method of biomedical research should be.

传统上，科学学科是由它们的主题来定义的。反过来，他们采用了那些从事他们研究的人所熟悉的具体方法和科学方法。然而，生物科学是一个例外。它们采用了为自然科学开发的方法，但它们的主题与人文科学，尤其是历史更相关。造成这种不协调的独特之处在于随机性和随机性等概念的整合。在传统的自然科学中，限制它们意味着改进方法和理论的进步。在生物科学中，它们越来越被认为是其主题的组成部分。与此相关的还有它们的预测能力。在前者中，呈现预测经常被视为通过演绎来验证理论。在生物学中，对预测的关注减少了，持续存在的是对过去事件的回顾性验证，以及对随机性、历史性和主观性影响的评价。这些差异反映在无法，甚至放弃将预测作为生物学的目标，以及最近以及历史上的其他时期，政治和文化造成的重新评估生物医学研究的目标和方法应该是什么。

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引用次数: 0

From Practice To Theory: Three Types of Influence of Quantum Technology on Quantum Mechanics and its Foundations 从实践到理论：量子技术对量子力学及其基础的三种影响

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10003-6

Thijs M.K. Latten, Martin Sand, Pieter E. Vermaas

Although quantum reality is often discussed as notoriously difficult to comprehend, quantum mechanics is applied with increasing success in the development of quantum technologies. In this paper, we collect and organise views on the influence of quantum technology on quantum mechanics and the foundations of quantum mechanics. We distinguish three types of influence: quantum technology helps in (1) understanding , (2) developing , and (3) evaluating quantum mechanics and its foundations. We outline several illustrations of these types by introducing examples. By mapping the influence of research and engineering practices in quantum technology on quantum mechanics and its foundations, this paper illuminates the interaction between the two areas. This paper suggests both how technological practices can aid in long-standing theoretical debates on understanding quantum mechanics, and how investigating the relation between quantum technology and quantum mechanics can inform understanding in the philosophy of science on the interaction between science and technology in general.

虽然量子现实经常被认为是众所周知的难以理解，但量子力学在量子技术发展中的应用越来越成功。在本文中，我们收集和整理了关于量子技术对量子力学的影响和量子力学基础的观点。我们区分了三种类型的影响：量子技术有助于(1)理解，(2)发展，和(3)评估量子力学及其基础。我们通过介绍示例概述了这些类型的几个说明。通过描绘量子技术的研究和工程实践对量子力学及其基础的影响，本文阐明了这两个领域之间的相互作用。本文提出了技术实践如何有助于理解量子力学的长期理论争论，以及研究量子技术和量子力学之间的关系如何有助于科学哲学对科学与技术之间一般相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing Uncertainty, Knowledge, Futures and Social Constructs in Management of IoT Anticipatory Systems 物联网预期系统管理中的不确定性、知识、未来和社会结构的平衡

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-10020-5

Andrzej Magruk

引用次数: 0

The ‘Orphic Epistemology’ of Experiment: Goethe's Farbenlehre and Plato's Theory of Colors in the Timaeus 实验的“俄耳甫斯认识论”：歌德的法本勒尔和柏拉图的《蒂迈奥》中的颜色论

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09983-2

Boris Kožnjak

The article demonstrates the historically and philosophically overlooked common phenomenological roots of Goethe’s Farbenlehre and Plato’s theory of color mixture in the Timaeus, as well as the shared epistemological background to Goethe’s and Plato’s abhorrence of the experimental study of natural phenomena, including light and colors, as the ‘torture of nature’, which is the basis of their equally shared ‘Orphic attitude’ toward nature and natural sciences. In addition to its historical context, the article also discusses Plato’s and Goethe’s shared ‘Orphic epistemology’ of experiment within the framework of modern philosophy of scientific experimentation.

本文论证了在历史上和哲学上被忽视的共同现象学根源，即歌德的《法本勒尔》和柏拉图在《蒂玛欧》中的色彩混合理论，以及歌德和柏拉图对自然现象（包括光和颜色）的实验研究的厌恶的共同认识论背景，作为“自然的折磨”，这是他们对自然和自然科学同样共享的“俄耳甫斯态度”的基础。除了历史背景之外，本文还在现代科学实验哲学的框架内讨论了柏拉图和歌德共同的实验“奥尔甫斯认识论”。

引用次数: 0

New Encounters Between Life and Technology: Simondon and the Case of Synthetic Biology 生命与科技的新相遇：西蒙顿与合成生物学的案例

IF 0.9 4区哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Foundations of Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-025-09980-5

Julia Rijssenbeek, Vincent Blok

How to understand new encounters between the living and the technological? Exemplary of such new encounters are the biotechnological creations of synthetic biology, where life and technology are increasingly intertwined in complex and intimate ways. This developing biotechnological field frames its novel entities as ‘artificial life’, ‘living technology’, and ‘biohybrid systems’. While synthetic biology too easily uses machine metaphors and technological frames for living entities, traditional philosophical frameworks also risk ontological reductionism in their efforts to understand life and technology in relation to each other. In contrast, Gilbert Simondon’s theory of individuation helps to understand the similarities between life and technology without reducing life forms to machines and without conflating technological objects with living systems. The aim of this article is twofold: first, to shed light on the relationship between life and technology, and second, to examine the emergence of new borderline cases resulting from synthetic biology, all with the help of the theory of individuation. Our hypothesis is that individuation facilitates our understanding of these new encounters between living beings and technologies, and provides conceptual clarity to prevailing dualisms such as life and technology, artificial and natural. We will develop Simondon’s theory into a framework and apply it to the case of synthetic biology, thus opening up the possibility that individuation can also help us to think about future encounters between life and technology.

如何理解生命与技术之间的新相遇？合成生物学的生物技术创造就是这种新邂逅的典范，在合成生物学中，生命与技术以复杂而亲密的方式日益交织在一起。这个不断发展的生物技术领域将其新的实体定义为 "人造生命"、"生物技术 "和 "生物混合系统"。合成生物学很容易将机器隐喻和技术框架用于生命实体，而传统哲学框架在努力理解生命与技术的关系时，也面临着本体论还原论的风险。相比之下，吉尔伯特-西蒙顿（Gilbert Simondon）的个体化理论有助于理解生命与技术之间的相似性，而不会将生命形式简化为机器，也不会将技术对象与生命系统混为一谈。本文的目的有二：首先，阐明生命与技术之间的关系；其次，借助个体化理论研究合成生物学产生的新的边缘案例。我们的假设是，个体化有助于我们理解生命与技术之间的这些新的相遇，并在概念上澄清当前流行的二元论，如生命与技术、人工与自然。我们将把西蒙东的理论发展成一个框架，并将其应用于合成生物学的案例中，从而为个性化也能帮助我们思考未来生命与技术之间的相遇提供了可能性。

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