Zingiber engganoense Ardiyani is a critically endangered species that occupies a restricted habitat on Enggano Island. A single location was reported in a previous study. Due to the lack of information about the current population status, surveys were used to find new populations and improve our understanding of its conservation status. Surveys were conducted centered on the known location reported from the previous study, then expanding into surrounding areas and also surveying locations informed by local people. The study area covered two villages: Malakoni and Banjarsari. These locations are surveyed based on historical records and local information. A purposive sampling method was applied to assess the population and habitat characteristic of Z. engganoense Ardiyani. The population was quantified and physical variables were measured inside the plots. The coordinate points and spatial environmental layers were used as input of a model for predicting habitat suitability of the species. An ensemble model was constructed by aggregating the results of three algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to generate a habitat suitability map. Six new occurrence locations in Malakoni village were identified with the surveys. The ensemble model predicted 18 km2 of moderately suitable habitat and 3 km2 of highly suitable habitat on the island. Our model predicted only 4 km2 of moderately suitable habitat was located inside a protected area of Taman Buru Gunung Nanu’ua. Three input variables were identified as important for habitat suitability: soil organic carbon, elevation and annual precipitation. The predictive model resulted from this study was categorised as an effective model with an AUC value of 0.90 and a TSS value of 0.88. We propose CR B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii), D as the new conservation status of Z. engganoense Ardiyani. Cuttings from four individuals and two tubers that were secured from the wild, all successfully grew under controlled conditions in the greenhouse of the botanic gardens.
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