IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152828

Tingting Xie, Hongzhuan Shi, Qiaosheng Guo, Tao Wang, Qingjun Zou, Min Wei, Chang Liu, Jianmin Huang, Yong Su, Chenlu Yang

Clarifying the appropriate distribution range of species is a fundamental task in addressing the effects of climate change. Herbal medicine is an important part of China's traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system, and among them, Chrysanthemum indicum L. (C. indicum) is a vital medicinal plant facing growing demand driven by climate change and economic influences. Consequently, it is crucial to properly assess how C. indicum responds to the continuously changing climate and explore its survival stability. In this study, the MaxEnt model was employed to simulate the shifts in suitable habitats for the species of C. indicum in China from the present to the 2100s under two scenarios, a low forcing scenario (SSP1–2.6) as well as a high forcing scenario (SSP5–8.5), on the basis of environmental factors including climate, soil, and topography, and quantified the potential changes in the suitable areas. The results demonstrated that under current climate conditions, the suitable areas for C. indicum are concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin and areas south of the Yangtze River in China, the most suitable habitat was identified in Hubei Province, and this distribution is projected to remain largely stable over an extended period in the future. Seasonal ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB2) was identified as the most influential environmental factor. In addition, the “UV-B buffer hypothesis” was proposed, suggesting that when UV-B radiation serves as a key limiting factor, species distribution can remain stable despite climate warming. Taken together, the findings offer insights into the production and future conservation planning of C. indicum, and provide a roadmap for the preservation of other UV-B-dependent species in a changing world.

明确物种的适当分布范围是应对气候变化影响的一项基本任务。草药是中国传统中药体系的重要组成部分，其中菊花（Chrysanthemum indicum L.， C. indicum）是一种重要的药用植物，在气候变化和经济影响的推动下，其需求日益增长。因此，正确评估籼稻对持续变化的气候的响应，探索其生存稳定性至关重要。利用MaxEnt模型，基于气候、土壤、地形等环境因子，模拟了低强迫情景（ssp1 ~ 2.6）和高强迫情景（ssp5 ~ 8.5）下中国籼稻适宜生境的变化，并量化了适宜区潜在变化。结果表明：在当前气候条件下，籼稻的适宜生长区域主要集中在长江流域和长江以南地区，湖北省是籼稻最适宜的生境，预计未来较长时期内这种分布将基本保持稳定。季节性紫外线b辐射（UVB2）被认为是最重要的环境因子。此外，还提出了“UV-B缓冲假说”，认为当UV-B辐射是一个关键的限制因子时，即使气候变暖，物种分布也能保持稳定。综上所述，这些发现为籼稻的生产和未来保护规划提供了见解，并为在不断变化的世界中保护其他依赖uv - b的物种提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Phytotoxic effects of nano- and bulk-form of CdO on photosynthetic apparatus of Hordeum vulgare 纳米型和体积型CdO对普通Hordeum光合机构的植物毒性效应

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152838

Kirill Azarin , Alexander Usatov , Tatiana Minkina , Nadezhda Duplii , Ilya Alliluyev , Aleksei Fedorenko , Natalia Chernikova , Ritu Rani , Saglara Mandzhieva , Vishnu D. Rajput

The toxic effects of nano- and macro-dispersed forms of CdO on the photosynthetic apparatus of Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings have been studied. The application of nano-CdO reduced the concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids, while bulk-CdO did not cause significant changes. At the same time, the level of the chlorophyll precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid, increased by 31% to 57% compared to control in all studied treatments. Ultrastructural studies of chloroplasts revealed a decrease in their size and disruption of the ordered thylakoid organization under the influence of bulk- and nano-CdO. Expression analysis of key genes of the photosynthetic electron transport chain showed a rise in expression under low pollutant concentrations and a decline under high concentrations. Nevertheless, the photochemical activity in the seedlings tended to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Under the influence of high concentrations of nano-CdO, there was more than 2-fold increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of fluorescence. Moreover, both high and low doses of the studied compounds suppressed the expression of ATP synthase genes, and genes of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes. At the same time, upregulation of genes of the pentose phosphate pathway and terminal oxidase was observed, indicating the activation of protective mechanisms amid decreased photosynthesis efficiency. The suppression of photosynthesis was reflected in the levels of non-structural carbohydrates, which were reduced in all treatments. The research results emphasize the need to assess the long-term effects of the heavy metal nanoparticles on photosynthesis and plant productivity.

研究了纳米分散形式和宏观分散形式的CdO对普通Hordeum vulgare L.幼苗光合器官的毒性作用。纳米级cdo的应用降低了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的浓度，而大量cdo的应用对叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的浓度没有显著影响。与此同时，叶绿素前体5-氨基乙酰丙酸的水平在所有处理中均比对照提高了31% ~ 57%。叶绿体的超微结构研究表明，在体积和纳米cdo的影响下，叶绿体的大小减小，有序的类囊体组织被破坏。光合电子传递链关键基因的表达分析显示，低污染浓度下表达量上升，高浓度下表达量下降。然而，幼苗的光化学活性呈剂量依赖性下降。在高浓度纳米cdo的作用下，荧光的非光化学猝灭（NPQ）增加了2倍以上。此外，高剂量和低剂量的化合物均抑制ATP合成酶基因和卡尔文-本森循环酶基因的表达。同时，戊糖磷酸途径和末端氧化酶基因上调，表明在光合效率下降的情况下，保护机制被激活。光合作用的抑制反映在非结构性碳水化合物水平上，所有处理均降低了非结构性碳水化合物水平。研究结果强调需要评估重金属纳米颗粒对光合作用和植物生产力的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

Solanum sanctae-catharinae Dunal, a new study of the morpho-anatomy and micromorphology of the leaf and stem 龙葵（Solanum sanctakaarinae Dunal），叶片和茎的形态解剖学和显微形态学的新研究

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152841

Leandro Taborda da Rocha , Lorene Armstrong , Cintia Aparecida dos Anjos , Karine Amorim Fladzinski , Juliana de Fátima Garcia , Marco Franceschi , Deise Prehs Montrucchio , Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias , Marilis Dallarmi Miguel , Obdulio Gomes Miguel

The genus Solanum is considered cosmopolitan due to its worldwide distribution. The species Solanum sanctae-catharinae Dunal (“joá-manso”, “canema”) is a native species which is found in the south and southeast regions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to describe leaf and stem morpho-anatomy of the species and determine its morphological singularities, and to identify qualitatively the metabolites of S. sanctae-catharinae through histochemical tests. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the micromorphology and composition of crystals. Findings in this species, such as hypostomatic leaf and anomocytic stomata, striate cuticle, dorsiventral mesophyll, bicolateral vascular bundle, stellate trichomes in the leaf and stem are reported. With regard to sand crystals in all the structures analyzed, a platy aggregate and magnesium crystals are detected in the petiole. The presence of starch grains, lipid substances and lignin, were reported. These relevant characteristics help in the identification of S. sanctae-catharinae. These were compared with several species of the genus to highlight the main similarities and differences between them.

茄属被认为是世界性的，因为它分布在世界各地。物种Solanum sancdae -catharinae Dunal （" joá-manso ", " canema "）是巴西大西洋森林南部和东南部地区的本地物种。本研究旨在描述该物种的叶和茎形态解剖结构，确定其形态独特性，并通过组织化学检测定性鉴定其代谢产物。利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和能量色散x射线能谱（EDS）分析了晶体的微观形貌和组成。在叶和茎中发现了低气孔和不规则气孔、条纹角质层、背腹叶肉、双侧维管束、星状毛状体等特征。在所分析的所有结构中，在叶柄中检测到板状聚集体和镁晶体。报道了淀粉颗粒、脂质物质和木质素的存在。这些相关特征有助于对山葵的鉴别。将它们与该属的几个物种进行比较，以突出它们之间的主要异同点。

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引用次数: 0

Phenology, floral biology, morphology and hawkmoth pollination of Calliandra magdalenae (Fabaceae) in modified landscapes of the Soconusco region, Mexico 墨西哥Soconusco地区改良景观中Calliandra magdalenae （Fabaceae）的物候、花生物学、形态和飞蛾传粉

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152829

Karen Beatriz Hernández-Esquivel , Lourdes Aideé Jiménez-Aparicio , Angel Gabriel Vazquez-Calvo , Anne Damon

Despite the recognized importance of nocturnal pollinators, studies focusing on nocturnally pollinated plants remain limited. Calliandra magdalenae (Fabaceae) is a species that exhibits floral morphology adapted to hawkmoths. The principal aim of this study was to determine the phenological patterns, whether the species reproduces in rural environments, and how climatic conditions influence their floral growth. For two years, the reproductive phenology of C. magdalenae was studied. Flower morphology was assessed using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Floral biology and environmental variables were monitored over 27 days, and their relationships were analyzed. Nocturnal pollinator observations were carried out over five nights. The phenology of C. magdalenae is synchronous among individuals and consists of extended flowering during the wet season and a fruiting period during the dry season. Two distinct floral morphs were documented based on the staminal tube lengths. Increased light is positively correlated with floral bud production, while higher humidity favored floral anthesis. The species exhibits low fruit set rates, possibly due to the low pollination visitation rates and habitat fragmentation. Four hawkmoth species were identified as principal pollinators, each with specific visitation behaviors. Utilizing different pollinators can enhance pollen dispersal. This study demonstrates that plants living in modified landscapes utilize complex strategies to sustain their reproduction.

尽管人们认识到夜间传粉者的重要性，但对夜间传粉植物的研究仍然有限。蚕豆科（Calliandra magdalenae）是一种适合于飞蛾的花形态的植物。本研究的主要目的是确定物候模式，该物种是否在农村环境中繁殖，以及气候条件如何影响其花卉生长。用2年的时间研究了大叶蝉的生殖物候。采用单因素和多因素分析对花的形态进行了评价。在27 d内监测花生物学和环境变量，并分析它们之间的关系。夜间传粉者的观察进行了五个晚上。不同个体间的物候是同步的，包括雨季开花延长和旱季结果期。根据雄蕊管的长度记录了两种不同的花形态。光照的增加与花芽的产生呈正相关，而湿度的增加有利于花的开花。该物种表现出低坐果率，可能是由于低传粉率和栖息地破碎化。四种飞蛾是主要的传粉媒介，每种飞蛾都有特定的访花行为。利用不同的传粉媒介可以促进花粉的传播。本研究表明，在改良景观中生存的植物利用复杂的策略来维持其繁殖。

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引用次数: 0

Does seed morphology affect seedling emergence in Amazonian forest species? 种子形态是否影响亚马逊森林物种的幼苗出苗？

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152840

Ayla Yanne Gomes Pinheiro , Graciliano Galdino Alves dos Santos , Evandro Ferreira da Silva , Fabio Miranda Leão , Emil José Hernández-Ruz

Morphological and morphometric knowledge, as well as assessments of fruit and seed quality and vigor, are crucial for the large-scale production of seedlings of Amazonian species. This study aimed to describe the morphometric characteristics of seeds from six forest species collected in the Volta Grande do Xingu region and to evaluate the effects of fruit morphology (fleshy vs. dry) and pre-hydration on seedling emergence. It also examined the relationship with the Emergence Speed Index (ESI), Mean Emergence Time (MET), and Emergence Percentage (EP). Fleshy fruits were defined as those with nutritional reserves in the mesocarp (Psidium densicomum Mart. ex DC., Virola surinamensis Warb., Genipa americana L.), while dry fruits lack a succulent pericarp (Hevea brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss., Carapa guianensis Aubl., Campsiandra laurifolia Benth.). A completely randomized design was adopted, with four replicates of 20 seeds each. The treatments applied were (1) hydration and (2) control (no hydration). Fruit morphology did not influence seed emergence indices. However, hydration for 24 hours resulted in a shorter MET and a higher ESI.

形态学和形态计量学知识，以及果实和种子质量和活力的评估，对于亚马逊物种幼苗的大规模生产至关重要。本研究旨在描述在新古大伏尔泰地区采集的6种森林树种种子的形态特征，并评价果实形态（肉质与干质）和预水化对幼苗出苗的影响。研究了应急速度指数（ESI）、平均应急时间（MET）和应急百分比（EP）与应急速度指数（ESI）的关系。肉质果实是指在中果皮中具有营养储备的果实。交货。苏里南弧菌；而干果缺乏多汁的果皮（巴西橡胶树）。解析：选a。中华白桦；)。试验采用完全随机设计，4个重复，每个重复20粒种子。采用(1)水合处理和(2)对照（不水合）处理。果实形态对种子出苗指标没有影响。然而，24小时的水合作用导致MET较短，ESI较高。

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引用次数: 0

Soil microbiota and native neighbor identity affect invasive plant competitiveness 土壤微生物群和原生邻居身份影响入侵植物的竞争力

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152844

Lei Wang, Dingding Feng, Ruonan Zhang, Ailing Wang, Hongbo Tang, Jie Sun, Xianqin Wei, Weibin Ruan

Invasive plants often compete with diverse native species, thereby altering native ecosystem structure and function. Soil microbiota can further influence invasion outcomes through their effects on plant performance, yet it remains unclear how soil microbiota and native neighbor identity jointly shape these competitive dynamics. Here, we used natural and sterilized soil to separate biotic from abiotic effects and examined competition between the invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amaranthaceae) and two native species, Bidens bipinnata (Asteraceae) and Setaria viridis (Poaceae), in a common garden experiment. We assessed plant performance and their interaction relationship under different soil treatment. Soil microbiota removal reduced the invader’s total biomass when competing with S. viridis, and its biomass was lower with S. viridis than when grown alone or with B. bipinnata in sterilized soil. Competition with either native species increased the invader’s root-shoot ratio regardless of soil treatment, while sterilization enhanced its specific leaf area under competition. Moreover, both soil microbiota and neighbor identity influenced interaction relationship and competition intensity of the invader. Natural soil weakened the competition interaction and reduced the competition intensity between invasive plant and S. viridis, but not with B. bipinnata. For the native species, S. viridis showed increased shoot biomass, total biomass, and root-shoot ratio when competing with invader, while B. bipinnata showed no significant response. Overall, our findings demonstrate that soil microbiota and neighbor identity jointly regulate the competitive ability of invasive plants, underscoring their importance in shaping invasion outcomes.

入侵植物经常与本地物种竞争，从而改变本地生态系统的结构和功能。土壤微生物群可以通过对植物性能的影响进一步影响入侵结果，但尚不清楚土壤微生物群和原生邻居身份如何共同塑造这些竞争动态。本研究利用自然土壤和无菌土壤，分离了外来入侵植物Alternanthera philoxeroides （amaranaceae）与两种本土植物Bidens bipinnata （Asteraceae）和Setaria viridis （Poaceae）之间的生物和非生物效应，并对其竞争进行了研究。研究了不同土壤处理下植物生长性能及其相互作用关系。除去土壤微生物群后，与绿芽孢杆菌竞争时，入侵菌的总生物量降低，且与绿芽孢杆菌一起生长时，其生物量低于单独生长或在无菌土壤中与双峰双叶草一起生长时。无论土壤处理如何，与任何一种本地物种的竞争都增加了入侵植物的根冠比，而灭菌则增加了竞争下的比叶面积。此外，土壤微生物群和邻居身份都影响着入侵植物的相互作用关系和竞争强度。自然土壤削弱了入侵植物与绿刺草的竞争相互作用，降低了入侵植物与双羽石竹的竞争强度。对本土种而言，与外来入侵植物竞争时，绿草的茎部生物量、总生物量和根冠比均有所增加，而石裙楠的反应不明显。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，土壤微生物群和邻居身份共同调节入侵植物的竞争能力，强调它们在形成入侵结果中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological and histological description of the development of microtubers of the genus Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) 薯蓣属（薯蓣科）微块茎发育的形态学和组织学描述

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152803

Laura Díaz-Godínez , Fernando Santacruz-Ruvalcaba , Patricia Zarazúa-Villaseñor , José Juvencio Castañeda-Nava , Antonia Gutiérrez-Mora , Rosalba Mireya Hernández-Herrera

Microtubers constitute a production alternative to tuber segmentation, storage, and sowing in traditional cultivation systems. Despite existing studies on the conditions necessary for production, descriptive analyses are scarce and have focused on the starches present in microtubers. To address the lack of information, this study aimed to describe the primary stages of microtuber development and the anatomical changes during each stage in different Dioscorea species and varieties produced under in vitro conditions. Forty microtubers were processed by differential staining using the Feulgen method and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The results describe the formation of the main microtuber segments and developmental stages, as well as the formation of the conduction systems within the microtuber, the start of starch granule accumulation, and the different cells of microtuber tissue. In addition, morphological differences were observed in the microtubers derived from Dioscorea sparsiflora, which exhibited an elongated, thickened root-like appearance, in contrast to the microtubers of Dioscorea alata, which were spherical to ovoid in shape and displayed a slight purple hue.

微块茎是传统栽培系统中块茎分割、储存和播种的替代产品。尽管已有关于生产所需条件的研究，但描述性分析很少，而且主要集中在微块茎中存在的淀粉。为了解决信息缺乏的问题，本研究旨在描述离体条件下不同薯蓣种和品种微块茎发育的初级阶段及其各阶段的解剖学变化。用Feulgen法对40个微管进行差异染色，并用共聚焦显微镜对其进行分析。这些结果描述了微块茎主要节段的形成和发育阶段，以及微块茎内传导系统的形成、淀粉颗粒积累的开始和微块茎组织的不同细胞。此外，疏花薯蓣的微块茎在形态上也存在差异，其呈细长、粗大的根状，而褐皮薯蓣的微块茎则呈球形至卵球形，略带紫色。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological responses of Illicium difengpi to simulated persistent and intermittent droughts 地风皮illicum对模拟持续干旱和间歇干旱的生理响应

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152820

Baoyu Liu , Huiling Liang , Xiujiao Zhang , Hai Ren , Manlian Wang , Hui Tang , Xue Zhao , Dafeng Hui , Chenghua Deng

Global climate change has intensified the impacts of persistent and intermittent droughts on karst plants, especially on endangered and medicinal species, but research in this area remains limited. This study investigated the effects of two types of droughts, i.e., persistent drought–rehydration (PD-R) and cyclic mild/moderate drought–rehydration (CD-R), on Illicium difengpi, an endangered medicine plant native to the karst regions in China, using two-years-old seedlings. Key physiological variables were measured throughout the experimental period. The leaf relative water content and predawn water potential of the species rapidly recovered to the control levels after rehydration. However, photosynthesis-related variables—including net photosynthetic rate (P_n), effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), chlorophyll concentration (Chl a+b), Chl a/b ratio—were positively correlated with soil moisture content (SM) but negatively correlated with drought cycles, leading to increasing decline with increased drought severity and frequency. Consequently, these variables failed to fully recover during the rehydration phase following severe drought or multiple CD-R cycles. Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation significantly increased during severe drought and the third CD-R cycle. Catalase (CAT) activity increased progressively with drought intensity under PD-R (60–291 %), while CD-R induced significant increases of 28–68 % (mild) and 44–170 % (moderate). Proline (Pro) and soluble proteins (SP) elevated significantly only under severe persistent drought stress, showing no significant change under CD-R. This study demonstrates that: (i) I. difengpi exhibits strong post-drought water recovery; (ii) drought damage increases with severity and frequency; (iii) CAT plays a key role in antioxidant defense, while Pro and SP primarily respond to severe or multiple drought cycles. These findings provide a preliminary understanding of the physiological response of I. difengpi to persistent and intermittent drought.

全球气候变化加剧了持续和间歇性干旱对喀斯特植物的影响，特别是对濒危和药用植物的影响，但这方面的研究仍然有限。利用2年树苗，研究了持续干旱复水（PD-R）和循环轻度/中度干旱复水（CD-R）两种干旱类型对中国喀斯特地区濒危药用植物地风皮Illicium difengpi的影响。在整个实验期间测量关键生理变量。复水后叶片相对含水量和黎明前水势迅速恢复到对照水平。净光合速率（Pn）、有效PSII量子产率（ΦPSII）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、叶绿素浓度（Chl a+b）、Chl a/b比与土壤含水量（SM）呈正相关，与干旱周期负相关，且随干旱严重程度和频率的增加而下降。因此，在严重干旱或多次CD-R循环后的补液阶段，这些变量未能完全恢复。丙二醛（MDA）积累在严重干旱和第三CD-R循环期间显著增加。在PD-R处理下，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随干旱强度的增加而逐渐增加（60 - 291%），CD-R处理下过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著增加28 - 68%（轻度）和44 - 170%（中度）。脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性蛋白（SP）仅在严重持续干旱胁迫下显著升高，CD-R处理无显著变化。研究结果表明：(1)地凤壁具有较强的旱后水恢复能力；干旱损害随着严重程度和频率增加而增加；（iii） CAT在抗氧化防御中起关键作用，而Pro和SP主要响应严重或多次干旱循环。这些发现为地凤皮对持续干旱和间歇干旱的生理反应提供了初步认识。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Intraspecific variation of leaf traits in tree plantings of different ages in a tropical forest” [Journal Flora 325 (2025) 152700] “热带森林不同树龄树木叶片性状的种内变异”的勘误表[植物学报325 (2025)152700]

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152818

Nathalie Loureiro , Jerônimo Sansevero

引用次数: 0

Comparative morpho-anatomical study of the native Fritillaria species from Romania and its taxonomic significance 罗马尼亚贝母种形态解剖学比较研究及其分类学意义

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152826

Anca Sârbu , Alina Georgiana Cîșlariu , Adrian Oprea , Culiță Sîrbu , Anca-Monica Paraschiv , Mioara Dumitrașcu

This study investigated the native Fritillaria species of Romania, Fritillaria montana Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch (mesophilous), Fritillaria meleagris L. (meso‑hygrophilous), and Fritillaria meleagroides Schult. & Schult. fil. (halo-hygrophilous). Fritillaria montana and Fritillaria meleagris are protected in Romania, whereas Fritillaria meleagroides is newly recorded in the national flora. Field identification of these taxa relied on morphological traits visible during the reproductive period.

The study examines the vegetative organs (roots, bulbs, stems, and leaves) to provide a detailed understanding of species morpho-anatomy and to aid taxonomic identification outside the flowering phase. Given their differing ecological requirements, particular focus was on structural variation related to soil moisture conditions. Morphological measurements were complemented by anatomical analyses of cross-sections and paradermal sections (leaf) examined under optical microscopy.

Morphological differences among taxa were minor, whereas anatomical analyses revealed distinct histological features in all vegetative organs. Key traits include the presence or absence of aeriferous cavities in the root cortex and bulb storage parenchyma; variation in aeriferous formations in the stem medullary parenchyma; dimensional variation in stem parenchyma; numerical and dimensional differences in conductive bundles; presence or absence of perifascicular sheaths in the lamina; and differences in lamina cross-section outline.

Anatomical traits linked to moisture preference, particularly the occurrence of aeriferous formations, proved most informative for distinguishing species outside the reproductive period. These features formed the basis of a dichotomous identification key, designed for use under optical microscopy. The key enables reliable identification of Fritillaria taxa during the vegetative stage or from vegetative fragments.

本研究调查了罗马尼亚本地贝母种：中亲贝母montana Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch、中亲湿贝母meleagris L.和meleagroides Schult贝母。, Schult。费尔。(halo-hygrophilous)。蒙大拿贝母和meleagris贝母在罗马尼亚受到保护，而meleagides贝母是新记录的国家植物区系。这些分类群的野外鉴定依赖于生殖期可见的形态特征。该研究检查了营养器官（根、球茎、茎和叶），以提供对物种形态解剖学的详细了解，并有助于花期以外的分类鉴定。鉴于它们不同的生态需求，特别关注与土壤湿度条件有关的结构变化。形态学测量由光学显微镜下检查的横切面和叶面解剖分析补充。各类群间形态差异不大，解剖分析显示各营养器官的组织学特征明显。主要特征包括根皮质和球茎储存薄壁中是否存在有气孔；茎髓实质中有气孔结构的变异；茎实质的尺寸变化；导电束的数值和尺寸差异；在椎板中存在或不存在囊鞘；以及层截面轮廓的差异。与湿度偏好有关的解剖特征，特别是有气孔构造的发生，被证明是区分生殖期以外物种的最重要的信息。这些特征构成了二分识别密钥的基础，设计用于光学显微镜下使用。该密钥能够在营养阶段或从营养碎片中可靠地识别贝母分类群。

{"title":"Comparative morpho-anatomical study of the native Fritillaria species from Romania and its taxonomic significance","authors":"Anca Sârbu , Alina Georgiana Cîșlariu , Adrian Oprea , Culiță Sîrbu , Anca-Monica Paraschiv , Mioara Dumitrașcu","doi":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flora.2025.152826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the native <em>Fritillaria</em> species of Romania, <em>Fritillaria montana</em> Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch (mesophilous), <em>Fritillaria meleagris</em> L. (meso‑hygrophilous), and <em>Fritillaria meleagroides</em> Schult. & Schult. fil. (halo-hygrophilous). <em>Fritillaria montana</em> and <em>Fritillaria meleagris</em> are protected in Romania, whereas <em>Fritillaria meleagroides</em> is newly recorded in the national flora. Field identification of these taxa relied on morphological traits visible during the reproductive period.</div><div>The study examines the vegetative organs (roots, bulbs, stems, and leaves) to provide a detailed understanding of species morpho-anatomy and to aid taxonomic identification outside the flowering phase. Given their differing ecological requirements, particular focus was on structural variation related to soil moisture conditions. Morphological measurements were complemented by anatomical analyses of cross-sections and paradermal sections (leaf) examined under optical microscopy.</div><div>Morphological differences among taxa were minor, whereas anatomical analyses revealed distinct histological features in all vegetative organs. Key traits include the presence or absence of aeriferous cavities in the root cortex and bulb storage parenchyma; variation in aeriferous formations in the stem medullary parenchyma; dimensional variation in stem parenchyma; numerical and dimensional differences in conductive bundles; presence or absence of perifascicular sheaths in the lamina; and differences in lamina cross-section outline.</div><div>Anatomical traits linked to moisture preference, particularly the occurrence of aeriferous formations, proved most informative for distinguishing species outside the reproductive period. These features formed the basis of a dichotomous identification key, designed for use under optical microscopy. The key enables reliable identification of <em>Fritillaria</em> taxa during the vegetative stage or from vegetative fragments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55156,"journal":{"name":"Flora","volume":"331 ","pages":"Article 152826"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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