IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152839

Joan Sebastian Aguilar-Peralta , Marcela Sofía Vaca-Sánchez , Yurixhi Maldonado-López , Mário M. Espírito-Santo , Ken Oyama , Maurício L. Faria , Magno Augusto Zazá Borges , Marcílio Fagundes , G. Wilson Fernandes , Jean Carlos Santos , Pablo Cuevas-Reyes

Tree ontogeny leads to changes in life history traits due to reproduction costs. Understanding the ecological mechanisms influencing biotic interactions is crucial, considering the relationship between functional traits in the leaf economic spectrum with herbivory along plant ontogeny. We investigated ontogenetic variation on leaf functional traits of ant-plant mutualistic interactions in the myrmecophyte Cordia alliodora and their consequences for leaf herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry. We sampled leaves of 25 juvenile and 25 mature trees to determine eight leaf functional traits, leaf herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry. We also determined domatia and ant number to evaluate ant-defense. All leaf functional traits differed from juvenile to mature trees, supporting change from an acquisitive to a conservative strategy in resource use along the continuum of leaf economic spectrum. Juvenile trees hosted more worker ants, while mature trees had higher herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry. Leaf herbivory was negatively influenced by ant defense, reinforcing the importance of ant-plant interactions, as well as positively related to defensive traits (leaf density and dry matter content) and fluctuating asymmetry, but negatively with the specific leaf area. Conservative traits were not linked to leaf herbivory. Instead, C. alliodora allocates higher resources to ant defense in juvenile trees. Fluctuating asymmetry was positively associated with leaf herbivory in juvenile and mature trees, remarking that fluctuating asymmetry is a valuable biomarker of plant-stressors. Predictions related to leaf herbivory and fluctuating asymmetry should consider complex biotic interactions, including myrmecophily, and life history trade-offs arising from defensive investment.

由于繁殖成本的原因，树木个体发生导致生活史性状的变化。考虑到叶片经济谱上的功能性状与草食和植物个体发育之间的关系，了解影响生物相互作用的生态机制至关重要。研究了金兜草抗植物互作过程中叶片功能性状的个体发生变异及其对叶片食草性和波动不对称性的影响。以25棵幼树和25棵成熟树为样本，测定了8个叶片功能性状、叶片食草性和波动不对称性。测定了蚁群数量和蚁群数量来评价其抗防御能力。幼树和成熟树的所有叶片功能性状都存在差异，支持了资源利用在叶片经济谱连续体上由获取策略向保守策略的转变。幼树寄主较多工蚁，而成熟树寄主较多草食和波动不对称。叶片食草性受蚂蚁防御的负向影响，强化了蚂蚁与植物相互作用的重要性，与防御性状（叶密度、干物质含量）和波动不对称性正相关，与比叶面积负相关。保守性状与叶片食草性无关。相反，C. alliodora将更多的资源分配给幼树的蚂蚁防御。波动不对称与幼树和成熟树的叶片食草性呈正相关，表明波动不对称是植物胁迫源的一个有价值的生物标志物。与叶片食草性和波动不对称性相关的预测应考虑复杂的生物相互作用，包括嗜蜜性，以及防御投资引起的生活史权衡。

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引用次数: 0

Phytotoxic effects of nano- and bulk-form of CdO on photosynthetic apparatus of Hordeum vulgare 纳米型和体积型CdO对普通Hordeum光合机构的植物毒性效应

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152838

Kirill Azarin , Alexander Usatov , Tatiana Minkina , Nadezhda Duplii , Ilya Alliluyev , Aleksei Fedorenko , Natalia Chernikova , Ritu Rani , Saglara Mandzhieva , Vishnu D. Rajput

The toxic effects of nano- and macro-dispersed forms of CdO on the photosynthetic apparatus of Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings have been studied. The application of nano-CdO reduced the concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids, while bulk-CdO did not cause significant changes. At the same time, the level of the chlorophyll precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid, increased by 31% to 57% compared to control in all studied treatments. Ultrastructural studies of chloroplasts revealed a decrease in their size and disruption of the ordered thylakoid organization under the influence of bulk- and nano-CdO. Expression analysis of key genes of the photosynthetic electron transport chain showed a rise in expression under low pollutant concentrations and a decline under high concentrations. Nevertheless, the photochemical activity in the seedlings tended to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. Under the influence of high concentrations of nano-CdO, there was more than 2-fold increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of fluorescence. Moreover, both high and low doses of the studied compounds suppressed the expression of ATP synthase genes, and genes of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes. At the same time, upregulation of genes of the pentose phosphate pathway and terminal oxidase was observed, indicating the activation of protective mechanisms amid decreased photosynthesis efficiency. The suppression of photosynthesis was reflected in the levels of non-structural carbohydrates, which were reduced in all treatments. The research results emphasize the need to assess the long-term effects of the heavy metal nanoparticles on photosynthesis and plant productivity.

研究了纳米分散形式和宏观分散形式的CdO对普通Hordeum vulgare L.幼苗光合器官的毒性作用。纳米级cdo的应用降低了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的浓度，而大量cdo的应用对叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的浓度没有显著影响。与此同时，叶绿素前体5-氨基乙酰丙酸的水平在所有处理中均比对照提高了31% ~ 57%。叶绿体的超微结构研究表明，在体积和纳米cdo的影响下，叶绿体的大小减小，有序的类囊体组织被破坏。光合电子传递链关键基因的表达分析显示，低污染浓度下表达量上升，高浓度下表达量下降。然而，幼苗的光化学活性呈剂量依赖性下降。在高浓度纳米cdo的作用下，荧光的非光化学猝灭（NPQ）增加了2倍以上。此外，高剂量和低剂量的化合物均抑制ATP合成酶基因和卡尔文-本森循环酶基因的表达。同时，戊糖磷酸途径和末端氧化酶基因上调，表明在光合效率下降的情况下，保护机制被激活。光合作用的抑制反映在非结构性碳水化合物水平上，所有处理均降低了非结构性碳水化合物水平。研究结果强调需要评估重金属纳米颗粒对光合作用和植物生产力的长期影响。

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引用次数: 0

A medicinal plant highly stable for survival under climate change due to UV buffering–Chrysanthemum indicum L. future adaptation analysis 一种因紫外线缓冲而在气候变化下高度稳定生存的药用植物——菊花未来适应性分析

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152828

Tingting Xie, Hongzhuan Shi, Qiaosheng Guo, Tao Wang, Qingjun Zou, Min Wei, Chang Liu, Jianmin Huang, Yong Su, Chenlu Yang

Clarifying the appropriate distribution range of species is a fundamental task in addressing the effects of climate change. Herbal medicine is an important part of China's traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system, and among them, Chrysanthemum indicum L. (C. indicum) is a vital medicinal plant facing growing demand driven by climate change and economic influences. Consequently, it is crucial to properly assess how C. indicum responds to the continuously changing climate and explore its survival stability. In this study, the MaxEnt model was employed to simulate the shifts in suitable habitats for the species of C. indicum in China from the present to the 2100s under two scenarios, a low forcing scenario (SSP1–2.6) as well as a high forcing scenario (SSP5–8.5), on the basis of environmental factors including climate, soil, and topography, and quantified the potential changes in the suitable areas. The results demonstrated that under current climate conditions, the suitable areas for C. indicum are concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin and areas south of the Yangtze River in China, the most suitable habitat was identified in Hubei Province, and this distribution is projected to remain largely stable over an extended period in the future. Seasonal ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB2) was identified as the most influential environmental factor. In addition, the “UV-B buffer hypothesis” was proposed, suggesting that when UV-B radiation serves as a key limiting factor, species distribution can remain stable despite climate warming. Taken together, the findings offer insights into the production and future conservation planning of C. indicum, and provide a roadmap for the preservation of other UV-B-dependent species in a changing world.

明确物种的适当分布范围是应对气候变化影响的一项基本任务。草药是中国传统中药体系的重要组成部分，其中菊花（Chrysanthemum indicum L.， C. indicum）是一种重要的药用植物，在气候变化和经济影响的推动下，其需求日益增长。因此，正确评估籼稻对持续变化的气候的响应，探索其生存稳定性至关重要。利用MaxEnt模型，基于气候、土壤、地形等环境因子，模拟了低强迫情景（ssp1 ~ 2.6）和高强迫情景（ssp5 ~ 8.5）下中国籼稻适宜生境的变化，并量化了适宜区潜在变化。结果表明：在当前气候条件下，籼稻的适宜生长区域主要集中在长江流域和长江以南地区，湖北省是籼稻最适宜的生境，预计未来较长时期内这种分布将基本保持稳定。季节性紫外线b辐射（UVB2）被认为是最重要的环境因子。此外，还提出了“UV-B缓冲假说”，认为当UV-B辐射是一个关键的限制因子时，即使气候变暖，物种分布也能保持稳定。综上所述，这些发现为籼稻的生产和未来保护规划提供了见解，并为在不断变化的世界中保护其他依赖uv - b的物种提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Leaf anatomy of five epiphytic Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) species from the Cerrado of southeastern Brazil: adaptive strategies and taxonomic value 巴西东南部塞拉多五种附生球叶的叶片解剖：适应策略和分类价值

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152831

Paula Alves e Silva , Ana Carolina Couto da Silva , Hugo Humberto de Araújo , Reinaldo Alves de Castro , Silvana da Costa Ferreira , Luiz Menini Neto , Jaqueline Dias-Pereira

The epiphytic habit is predominant in Bulbophyllum. Anatomical studies can elucidate the adaptive strategies of epiphytic species under extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures and water scarcity. We aimed to: (i) characterize the leaf anatomy of five species of Bulbophyllum: Bulbophyllum chloroglossum Rchb.f. & Warm., B. epiphytum Barb.Rodr., B. exaltatum Lindl., B. gladiatum Lindl., and B. plumosum Barb.Rodr., to identify the adaptive responses to the epiphytic habit; (ii) investigate the presence of anatomical characters useful for the taxonomy of the group. Individuals of the studied species were collected at different heights on the phorophyte whenever possible. The leaves were processed for structural characterization by light microscopy, micromorphometry, and calculation of stomatal index. All species have unistratified epidermis with thick external periclinal walls and hypostomatic leaves with tetracytic stomata. The mesophyll contains hydrenchyma with sclereids and calcium oxalate crystals. The vascular bundles are collateral and surrounded by fibers. The individual of B. chloroglossum collected at the highest height on the phorophyte has a thicker leaf blade compared to the individual collected at a lower height. However, the individuals of B. exaltatum and B. gladiatum had a thicker leaf blade, even at a lower height. Significant differences in the stomatal index occur between B. chloroglossum and B. plumosum. All species of Bulbophyllum possess anatomical adaptive strategies, such as the thick outer periclinal wall of epidermal cells, hydrenchyma, hypostomatic leaf, and crystals along the leaf blade. We identified distinctive anatomical characters among the species, allowing the elaboration of an identification key.

附生习性在球门中占主导地位。解剖学研究可以阐明附生植物在高温、缺水等极端环境条件下的适应策略。我们的目的是：(1)表征五种球叶属植物（Bulbophyllum chloroglossum Rchb.f）的叶片解剖特征。和温暖。B.附生植物；[题意]；， B.剑兰；和B. plummosum Barb.Rodr。识别对附生习性的适应性反应；（ii）调查对类群分类有用的解剖特征的存在。尽可能在植体不同高度采集所研究树种的个体。利用光镜、显微形态学和气孔指数对叶片进行结构表征。所有种都有单层表皮，外周壁厚，下气孔叶，四胞口。叶肉含有带硬核和草酸钙晶体的厚壁组织。维管束是侧支的，被纤维包围。在植体最高处采集的绿舌草个体比在较低高度采集的个体叶片更厚。然而，即使在较低的高度，白杨和剑兰个体的叶片也较厚。在气孔指数方面，绿舌草和羽花草存在显著差异。所有球叶属植物都具有解剖学上的适应策略，如表皮细胞外周壁厚、多水组织、叶片低气孔和沿叶片的晶体。我们确定了物种之间独特的解剖特征，从而确定了识别关键。

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引用次数: 0

Phenology, floral biology, morphology and hawkmoth pollination of Calliandra magdalenae (Fabaceae) in modified landscapes of the Soconusco region, Mexico 墨西哥Soconusco地区改良景观中Calliandra magdalenae （Fabaceae）的物候、花生物学、形态和飞蛾传粉

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152829

Karen Beatriz Hernández-Esquivel , Lourdes Aideé Jiménez-Aparicio , Angel Gabriel Vazquez-Calvo , Anne Damon

Despite the recognized importance of nocturnal pollinators, studies focusing on nocturnally pollinated plants remain limited. Calliandra magdalenae (Fabaceae) is a species that exhibits floral morphology adapted to hawkmoths. The principal aim of this study was to determine the phenological patterns, whether the species reproduces in rural environments, and how climatic conditions influence their floral growth. For two years, the reproductive phenology of C. magdalenae was studied. Flower morphology was assessed using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Floral biology and environmental variables were monitored over 27 days, and their relationships were analyzed. Nocturnal pollinator observations were carried out over five nights. The phenology of C. magdalenae is synchronous among individuals and consists of extended flowering during the wet season and a fruiting period during the dry season. Two distinct floral morphs were documented based on the staminal tube lengths. Increased light is positively correlated with floral bud production, while higher humidity favored floral anthesis. The species exhibits low fruit set rates, possibly due to the low pollination visitation rates and habitat fragmentation. Four hawkmoth species were identified as principal pollinators, each with specific visitation behaviors. Utilizing different pollinators can enhance pollen dispersal. This study demonstrates that plants living in modified landscapes utilize complex strategies to sustain their reproduction.

尽管人们认识到夜间传粉者的重要性，但对夜间传粉植物的研究仍然有限。蚕豆科（Calliandra magdalenae）是一种适合于飞蛾的花形态的植物。本研究的主要目的是确定物候模式，该物种是否在农村环境中繁殖，以及气候条件如何影响其花卉生长。用2年的时间研究了大叶蝉的生殖物候。采用单因素和多因素分析对花的形态进行了评价。在27 d内监测花生物学和环境变量，并分析它们之间的关系。夜间传粉者的观察进行了五个晚上。不同个体间的物候是同步的，包括雨季开花延长和旱季结果期。根据雄蕊管的长度记录了两种不同的花形态。光照的增加与花芽的产生呈正相关，而湿度的增加有利于花的开花。该物种表现出低坐果率，可能是由于低传粉率和栖息地破碎化。四种飞蛾是主要的传粉媒介，每种飞蛾都有特定的访花行为。利用不同的传粉媒介可以促进花粉的传播。本研究表明，在改良景观中生存的植物利用复杂的策略来维持其繁殖。

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引用次数: 0

The equilibrium of nutrition and protection in the interaction between Byrsonima coccolobifolia and Cecidomyiidae 红杉与柞蚕科互作的营养平衡与保护

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152830

Reisila Simone Migliorini Mendes , Elaine Cotrim Costa , Gracielle Pereira Pimenta Bragança , Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias

Gall induction promotes different modifications in host plant leaf tissues, due to alterations in the number of cell layers, the cell elongation axis, and the accumulation of metabolites. This tissue specialization in gall developmental sites allows the identification of structural and functional compartments. The outer tissue compartment accumulates metabolites with nutritive and protective functions, while the inner tissue compartment accumulates energetic molecules involved in the nutrition of the inducer. Using anatomical, histometric, histochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques, tissue origin and fate were mapped to evaluate the level of investment from each original tissue layer toward the mature gall structure. In the Byrsonima coccolobifolia-Cecidomyiidae system, a balance between the formation of specialized tissues and the accumulation of energetic and defensive molecules was observed. Anatomical, histochemical, and immunocytochemical analyses revealed a significant investment in storage and protective tissues compared to the non-galled leaf. These tissues are structurally compartmentalized in specific regions of the gall. However, the cellular symplastic and apoplastic characteristics allow for the sharing of these protective and nutritional functions between the two compartments.

由于细胞层数、细胞伸长轴和代谢物积累的改变，胆汁诱导促进寄主植物叶片组织的不同修饰。这种组织特化在胆囊发育部位允许结构和功能室的识别。外层组织室积聚具有营养和保护功能的代谢物，而内部组织室积聚参与诱导剂营养的高能分子。利用解剖学、组织计量学、组织化学和免疫细胞化学技术，绘制了组织起源和命运图，以评估每个原始组织层对成熟胆囊结构的投资水平。在球蛾- cecidomyiidae系统中，观察到特化组织的形成与能量和防御分子的积累之间的平衡。解剖、组织化学和免疫细胞化学分析显示，与未剥蚀的叶片相比，剥蚀叶片在储存和保护组织方面有显著的投资。这些组织在结构上被划分在胆的特定区域。然而，细胞的共塑性和外胞性特征允许在两个隔间之间共享这些保护和营养功能。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of suitable areas for Prunus serrulata Lindl. in the context of future climate change 山李适宜种植面积的预测。在未来气候变化的背景下

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152827

Mengting He , Jiayiming Wang , Chunying Long , Zhiyi Zou , Ninghui Pan , Lihan Huang

Global climate change profoundly reshapes species distribution patterns. Prunus serrulata Lindl., a critically important ornamental species in China with high economic and aesthetic value, serves as an ideal model to assess such impacts. Species distribution modeling has become a key tool to evaluate the potential distribution of species under climate change. Here, using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model validated by a high AUC value (0.938), we integrated 127 occurrence records and 13 environmental variables to project its current and future distribution under four CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585). The results showed that the five factors of driest monthly precipitation (Bio14, 32.5 % contribution), wettest monthly precipitation (Bio13, 18.4 %), coldest monthly minimum temperature (Bio6, 18.2 %), elevation (elev, 13.1 %), and isothermality (Bio3, 3.9 %) were the dominant factors affecting the distribution of P. serrulata. Currently, high-suitability areas (526,500 km², 5 % of China) are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Future projections indicate a 5–15 % expansion of high-suitability areas by 2041–2060, peaking under SSP585 scenario, while the distribution centroids shift northeastward by 220–300 km, suggesting potential relocation of the cultivation zone. This method provides a scientific basis for introducing and preserving germplasm, cultivating P. serrulata, optimizing bud dormancy garden layouts, enhancing the ecological benefits of urban vegetation, and increasing the aesthetic appeal of ornamental features.

全球气候变化深刻地重塑了物种分布格局。山李。作为中国重要的观赏树种，具有很高的经济和美学价值，可作为评估此类影响的理想模型。物种分布模型已成为评估气候变化下物种潜在分布的重要工具。利用高AUC值（0.938）验证的最大熵（MaxEnt）模型，综合127条发生记录和13个环境变量，预测了4种CMIP6情景（SSP126、SSP245、SSP370、SSP585）下其当前和未来的分布。结果表明，最干旱月降水量（Bio14，贡献32.5%）、最湿月降水量（Bio13，贡献18.4%）、最冷月最低气温（Bio6，贡献18.2%）、海拔（海拔，贡献13.1%）和等温（Bio3，贡献3.9%）5个因子是影响柽柳分布的主导因子。目前，高适宜区（52.65万平方公里，占中国国土面积的5%）集中在长江中下游。未来的预测表明，到2041-2060年，高适宜性区域将扩大5 - 15%，在SSP585情景下达到峰值，而分布质心将向东北移动220-300 km，表明可能发生耕地迁移。该方法为种质资源的引种和保存、木参的培育、花蕾休养园布局的优化、城市植被生态效益的提升、观赏特色的审美情趣等提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative morpho-anatomical study of the native Fritillaria species from Romania and its taxonomic significance 罗马尼亚贝母种形态解剖学比较研究及其分类学意义

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152826

Anca Sârbu , Alina Georgiana Cîșlariu , Adrian Oprea , Culiță Sîrbu , Anca-Monica Paraschiv , Mioara Dumitrașcu

This study investigated the native Fritillaria species of Romania, Fritillaria montana Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch (mesophilous), Fritillaria meleagris L. (meso‑hygrophilous), and Fritillaria meleagroides Schult. & Schult. fil. (halo-hygrophilous). Fritillaria montana and Fritillaria meleagris are protected in Romania, whereas Fritillaria meleagroides is newly recorded in the national flora. Field identification of these taxa relied on morphological traits visible during the reproductive period.

The study examines the vegetative organs (roots, bulbs, stems, and leaves) to provide a detailed understanding of species morpho-anatomy and to aid taxonomic identification outside the flowering phase. Given their differing ecological requirements, particular focus was on structural variation related to soil moisture conditions. Morphological measurements were complemented by anatomical analyses of cross-sections and paradermal sections (leaf) examined under optical microscopy.

Morphological differences among taxa were minor, whereas anatomical analyses revealed distinct histological features in all vegetative organs. Key traits include the presence or absence of aeriferous cavities in the root cortex and bulb storage parenchyma; variation in aeriferous formations in the stem medullary parenchyma; dimensional variation in stem parenchyma; numerical and dimensional differences in conductive bundles; presence or absence of perifascicular sheaths in the lamina; and differences in lamina cross-section outline.

Anatomical traits linked to moisture preference, particularly the occurrence of aeriferous formations, proved most informative for distinguishing species outside the reproductive period. These features formed the basis of a dichotomous identification key, designed for use under optical microscopy. The key enables reliable identification of Fritillaria taxa during the vegetative stage or from vegetative fragments.

本研究调查了罗马尼亚本地贝母种：中亲贝母montana Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch、中亲湿贝母meleagris L.和meleagroides Schult贝母。, Schult。费尔。(halo-hygrophilous)。蒙大拿贝母和meleagris贝母在罗马尼亚受到保护，而meleagides贝母是新记录的国家植物区系。这些分类群的野外鉴定依赖于生殖期可见的形态特征。该研究检查了营养器官（根、球茎、茎和叶），以提供对物种形态解剖学的详细了解，并有助于花期以外的分类鉴定。鉴于它们不同的生态需求，特别关注与土壤湿度条件有关的结构变化。形态学测量由光学显微镜下检查的横切面和叶面解剖分析补充。各类群间形态差异不大，解剖分析显示各营养器官的组织学特征明显。主要特征包括根皮质和球茎储存薄壁中是否存在有气孔；茎髓实质中有气孔结构的变异；茎实质的尺寸变化；导电束的数值和尺寸差异；在椎板中存在或不存在囊鞘；以及层截面轮廓的差异。与湿度偏好有关的解剖特征，特别是有气孔构造的发生，被证明是区分生殖期以外物种的最重要的信息。这些特征构成了二分识别密钥的基础，设计用于光学显微镜下使用。该密钥能够在营养阶段或从营养碎片中可靠地识别贝母分类群。

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引用次数: 0

Heat-resistance response of Ceiba aesculifolia seedlings induced by thermopriming 热蒸煮对木棉幼苗耐热性的影响

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152825

Estela Corral-Castrejón , Leslie Hinojosa-Barrera , Ximena Gómez-Maqueo , Eleazar Martínez-Barajas , Noé Velázquez-Rosas , Alicia Gamboa-deBuen

Ceiba aesculifolia (ceiba) is a tropical plant species with high resistance to environmental stresses and assigns biomass and reserves to belowground tissues to cope with hydric stress. We determined if thermotolerance can be induced in ceiba seedlings by implementing a heat stress and heat priming protocol to germinating seeds. Assessment of seedling survival and development was done at two developmental stages, fully expanded cotyledon and three true leaves seedlings under controlled conditions, as well as saplings under field conditions. Heat stress was induced by subjecting germinated seeds to different supra-optimal temperatures for 45 min. A 100 % of seedlings subjected to heat below 42 °C survived. Seedling survival decreased at 48 °C and 50 °C, the latter also accumulated starch as a result of the treatment. The priming temperature was set at 37 °C since germinating seeds did not present any injury in the radicle and all seedlings survived. Thermopriming treatment at 37 °C for 90 min promoted 50 % of seedling survival to the lethal temperature (51 °C) and an increase in starch accumulation. No significant change on plant height and coverage in field conditions were detected in thermo-primed plants. Seedling survival and further development at 51 °C after thermopriming indicates the induction of thermotolerance mechanisms in ceiba by the presence of two or three tubers in 50 % of the treated seedlings and a 27 % increase in tuber starch content. These early developmental / functional responses in ceiba could allow them to develop and establish in heat-stressed soil environments.

Ceiba aescullifolia （Ceiba）是一种热带植物，对环境胁迫具有很高的抗性，并将生物量和储量分配给地下组织以应对水分胁迫。我们通过对发芽种子实施热胁迫和热诱导来确定是否可以诱导木棉幼苗耐热性。在两个发育阶段，对照条件下的全子叶和三真叶幼苗和田间条件下的树苗进行了幼苗存活和发育评价。将发芽种子置于不同超适温度下45 min，诱导热应激。在低于42°C的温度下，100%的幼苗存活。在48°C和50°C处理下，幼苗成活率下降，后者也积累了淀粉。萌发种子胚根无损伤，幼苗全部成活，因此将萌发温度设置为37℃。37°C热浸处理90 min可使50%的幼苗在致死温度（51°C）下存活并增加淀粉积累。在田间条件下，热处理植株的株高和盖度变化不显著。在51°C高温处理后，木棉的幼苗存活和进一步发育表明，50%的处理幼苗中存在两个或三个块茎，块茎淀粉含量增加27%，从而诱导了木棉的耐热机制。这些早期发育/功能反应可以使木棉在热胁迫土壤环境中发育和建立。

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Anatomical and physiological adjustments reveal mechanisms of drought response in seedlings 解剖和生理调节揭示了幼苗对干旱反应的机制

IF 1.8 4区生物学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Flora

Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2025.152824

Stefany Priscila Reis Figueiredo , Beatriz Vitória Barbosa , Renan Marques Siqueira , Caroline Signori-Müller , Grazielle Sales Teodoro

Some tropical forests experience prolonged droughts, making it essential to understand species' drought resistance mechanisms. Anatomical traits related to hydraulic architecture explain how water transport occurs in plants and how species cope with water scarcity. However, the ability of species to adjust their hydraulic architecture to water availability remains unclear. We assessed variations in hydraulic architecture and physiological responses to drought, focusing on the coordination between anatomical and physiological traits. This study was conducted in a greenhouse with seedlings of three tropical species: Clitoria fairchildiana, Manilkara elata, and Bertholletia excelsa. We applied three water availability treatments (15 %, 50 %, and 100 % of field capacity) for four months. We measured branch anatomical traits: Vessel area (VA), Hydraulic diameter (Dh), Vessel density (VD), Vessel grouping index (VG), Vessel lumen fraction (F), and Xylem theoretical conductivity (Ks); physiological traits: Leaf predawn (Ψ_PD) and midday (Ψ_MD) water potential, and pressure–volume curve traits. All species adjusted their traits in response to water availability. Manilkara elata, the species with the highest wood density, exhibited smaller anatomical and hydraulic trait variations, with only a decrease in turgor loss point under water limitation. The two species with lower wood density showed contrasting responses. Bertholletia excelsa enhanced hydraulic efficiency by increasing Ks, VA and Dh, while C. fairchildiana increased drought resistance by adjusting turgor loss point and osmotic potential. Our results highlight a trade-off between water transport efficiency and drought resistance in C. fairchildiana. These results indicate distinct responses in each species that contribute to species survival under water limitation.

一些热带森林经历了长期干旱，因此了解物种的抗旱机制至关重要。与水力结构相关的解剖学特征解释了植物体内的水运是如何发生的，以及物种是如何应对缺水的。然而，物种调整其水力结构以适应水供应的能力尚不清楚。我们评估了水力结构的变化和对干旱的生理反应，重点是解剖和生理特征之间的协调。本研究是在温室中进行的，温室中有三种热带植物：阴蒂、马尼罗拉和贝索莱亚。我们使用了三种水分利用率处理（15%、50%和100%田间容量），持续4个月。我们测量了分支的解剖学特征：血管面积（VA）、水力直径（Dh）、血管密度（VD）、血管分组指数（VG）、血管管腔分数(F)和木质部理论电导率（Ks）；生理性状：叶片黎明前（ΨPD）和中午（ΨMD）水势、压力-体积曲线性状。所有物种都根据水的可用性调整了它们的特征。木密度最高的木香树解剖性状和水力性状变化较小，仅在水分限制下膨松损失点有所降低。两种密度较低的树种表现出截然不同的响应。黄花蒿通过提高Ks、VA和Dh来提高水力效率，黄花蒿通过调节膨松损失点和渗透势来提高抗旱性。我们的研究结果强调了水运效率和耐旱性之间的权衡。这些结果表明，在水分限制下，不同物种的不同反应有助于物种的生存。

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