Luise Pruessner, Christina Timm, Julia Kalmar, Hinrich Bents, Sven Barnow, Johannes Mander
Background. The global prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders underscores the need for a more profound comprehension of effective treatments. Mindfulness has shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes and preventing relapse in these conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods. This study examined the role of emotion regulation as a mediator in the relationship between changes in mindfulness and the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms during individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). We tracked longitudinal changes in mindfulness, emotion regulation, depression, and anxiety at baseline (pre), early treatment (session 5), midtreatment (session 15), and posttreatment (session 25) in 162 patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Further, we examined whether the effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation could be enhanced by introducing a brief mindfulness intervention at the beginning of each CBT session, as compared to progressive muscle relaxation and individual psychotherapy without any standardized session-introducing interventions. Results. Multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that decreases in rumination and increases in reappraisal and acceptance mediated the relationship between mindfulness and reductions in depressive symptoms. In contrast, reductions in avoidance explained the association between mindfulness and changes in anxiety symptoms. These links remained unchanged when adding a mindfulness intervention into individual CBT. Conclusion. Results support emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness and highlight distinct pathways of symptom reduction in depression and anxiety. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of mindfulness and tailoring treatment to individual patient needs. This trial is registered with NTC02270073.
{"title":"Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders","authors":"Luise Pruessner, Christina Timm, Julia Kalmar, Hinrich Bents, Sven Barnow, Johannes Mander","doi":"10.1155/2024/9081139","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9081139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. The global prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders underscores the need for a more profound comprehension of effective treatments. Mindfulness has shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes and preventing relapse in these conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. <i>Methods</i>. This study examined the role of emotion regulation as a mediator in the relationship between changes in mindfulness and the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms during individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). We tracked longitudinal changes in mindfulness, emotion regulation, depression, and anxiety at baseline (pre), early treatment (session 5), midtreatment (session 15), and posttreatment (session 25) in 162 patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Further, we examined whether the effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation could be enhanced by introducing a brief mindfulness intervention at the beginning of each CBT session, as compared to progressive muscle relaxation and individual psychotherapy without any standardized session-introducing interventions. <i>Results</i>. Multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that decreases in rumination and increases in reappraisal and acceptance mediated the relationship between mindfulness and reductions in depressive symptoms. In contrast, reductions in avoidance explained the association between mindfulness and changes in anxiety symptoms. These links remained unchanged when adding a mindfulness intervention into individual CBT. <i>Conclusion</i>. Results support emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness and highlight distinct pathways of symptom reduction in depression and anxiety. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of mindfulness and tailoring treatment to individual patient needs. This trial is registered with NTC02270073.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yinian Yang, Wenqiang Xu, Yingru Wang, Hai Cao, Xiaoqing Yao, Ting Zhang, Xiaohui Xie, Qiang Hua, Wen Cheng, Longshan Shen, Kongliang He, Yanghua Tian, Kai Wang, Gong-Jun Ji
Background. Heterogeneous findings among anxiety disorder studies have hindered elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology and the development of mechanism-based therapies. Purpose. To determine whether structural MRI findings in anxiety disorder studies converge on a common network with therapeutic significance. Materials and Methods. In this retrospective study, a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed to identify coordinates of gray matter atrophy in patients with anxiety disorder. Atrophy coordinates were then mapped to an anxiety network constructed from the resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data of 652 healthy participants using “coordinate network mapping” and validated by specificity tests. The causal association of this network to anxiety symptoms was tested in a cohort of patients with brain lesions and emergent anxiety symptoms. The potential therapeutic utility of this anxiety network was then assessed by examining the clinical efficacy of network-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) among a separate anxiety disorder cohort. Statistical analyses of images were performed using nonparametric tests and corrected for family-wise error. Results. Sixteen studies comprising 453 patients with anxiety (245 females; mean age ± [SD], 31.4 ± 8.71 years) and 460 healthy controls (238 females; 31.7 ± 10.08 years) were included in the analysis. Atrophy coordinates were mapped to an anxiety network with a hub region situated primarily within the superficial amygdala. Lesions associated with emergent anxiety symptoms exhibited stronger connectivity within this anxiety network than lesions not associated with anxiety (t = 2.99; P = .004). Moreover, the connectivity strength of rTMS targets in the anxiety network was correlated with the improvements of anxiety symptom after treatment (r = .42, P = .02). Conclusions. Heterogeneous gray matter atrophy among patients with anxiety disorder localize to a common network that may serve as an effective therapeutic target.
背景。焦虑症的研究结果各不相同,这阻碍了对潜在病理生理学的阐明和基于机制的疗法的开发。研究目的确定焦虑症研究中的结构性 MRI 发现是否趋同于一个具有治疗意义的共同网络。材料与方法。在这项回顾性研究中,我们对 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库进行了系统的文献检索,以确定焦虑症患者灰质萎缩的坐标。然后,利用 "坐标网络映射 "将灰质萎缩坐标映射到从 652 名健康参与者的静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)数据中构建的焦虑网络,并通过特异性测试进行验证。该网络与焦虑症状的因果关系在一组脑损伤并出现焦虑症状的患者中进行了测试。然后,通过在一个单独的焦虑症群组中检测网络定向重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)的临床疗效,评估了该焦虑网络的潜在治疗作用。采用非参数检验对图像进行统计分析,并校正了家族误差。研究结果16项研究包括453名焦虑症患者(245名女性;平均年龄(±SD)为31.4±8.71岁)和460名健康对照者(238名女性;31.7±10.08岁)。萎缩坐标被映射到一个焦虑网络,其中心区域主要位于杏仁核浅层。与焦虑症状相关的病变比与焦虑无关的病变在该焦虑网络中表现出更强的连接性(t=2.99;P=.004)。此外,焦虑网络中经颅磁刺激目标的连接强度与治疗后焦虑症状的改善程度相关(r=.42,P=.02)。结论焦虑症患者灰质萎缩的异质性定位到一个共同的网络,该网络可作为有效的治疗目标。
{"title":"Heterogeneous Brain Atrophy Sites in Anxiety Disorders Map to a Common Brain Network","authors":"Yinian Yang, Wenqiang Xu, Yingru Wang, Hai Cao, Xiaoqing Yao, Ting Zhang, Xiaohui Xie, Qiang Hua, Wen Cheng, Longshan Shen, Kongliang He, Yanghua Tian, Kai Wang, Gong-Jun Ji","doi":"10.1155/2024/3827870","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3827870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Heterogeneous findings among anxiety disorder studies have hindered elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology and the development of mechanism-based therapies. <i>Purpose</i>. To determine whether structural MRI findings in anxiety disorder studies converge on a common network with therapeutic significance. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. In this retrospective study, a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed to identify coordinates of gray matter atrophy in patients with anxiety disorder. Atrophy coordinates were then mapped to an anxiety network constructed from the resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data of 652 healthy participants using “coordinate network mapping” and validated by specificity tests. The causal association of this network to anxiety symptoms was tested in a cohort of patients with brain lesions and emergent anxiety symptoms. The potential therapeutic utility of this anxiety network was then assessed by examining the clinical efficacy of network-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) among a separate anxiety disorder cohort. Statistical analyses of images were performed using nonparametric tests and corrected for family-wise error. <i>Results</i>. Sixteen studies comprising 453 patients with anxiety (245 females; mean age ± [SD], 31.4 ± 8.71 years) and 460 healthy controls (238 females; 31.7 ± 10.08 years) were included in the analysis. Atrophy coordinates were mapped to an anxiety network with a hub region situated primarily within the superficial amygdala. Lesions associated with emergent anxiety symptoms exhibited stronger connectivity within this anxiety network than lesions not associated with anxiety (<i>t</i> = 2.99; <i>P</i> = .004). Moreover, the connectivity strength of rTMS targets in the anxiety network was correlated with the improvements of anxiety symptom after treatment (<i>r</i> = .42, <i>P</i> = .02). <i>Conclusions</i>. Heterogeneous gray matter atrophy among patients with anxiety disorder localize to a common network that may serve as an effective therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Wang, Meng-Si Peng, Yi-Zu Wang, Pei-Jie Chen, Xue-Qiang Wang
Background. Depressive complications in chronic pain are detrimental to rehabilitation. This study was aimed at determining the influence of the presence of depressive symptoms on the efficacy of physical therapy among participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods. Data was collected from a randomized controlled trial on 113 participants with CLBP. Participants were reallocated into the depressed or nondepressed groups based on the 50-cutoff point of the self-rating depression scale. All patients received 60 min sessions of physical therapy twice a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was back-related disability. Secondary outcomes included pain ratings, sleep quality, life quality, other psychological outcomes, and minimal clinically important differences. These outcomes were collected at baseline, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. Results. 31 (27.4%) were accompanied by depressive symptoms. At 12 weeks, the initial depression score was only associated with anxiety score (β = 1.196 [0.531 to 1.860], P = 0.001) and depression score (β = 0.742 [0.200 to 1.284], P = 0.009) in the depressed group, but the initial depression score was associated with anxiety score (β = 0.409 [0.138 to 0.681], P = 0.004), depression score (β = 0.920 [0.658 to 1.184], P < 0.001), sleep quality (β = 0.108 [0.018 to 0.199], P = 0.020), and pain anxiety (β = 0.465 [0.034 to 0.897], P = 0.035) and negatively associated with life quality (β = −0.815 [−1.267 to −0.363], P = 0.001) in the nondepressed group. Conclusions. Physical therapy is effective to CLBP with depressive symptoms. A higher initial depression score may weaken the efficacy of physical therapy in the nondepressed group. Depressive complications may adversely influence intervention efficacy for CLBP. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800016396.
背景。慢性疼痛的抑郁并发症不利于康复。本研究旨在确定抑郁症状的存在对慢性腰背痛(CLBP)患者物理治疗效果的影响。研究方法从一项随机对照试验中收集了 113 名慢性腰背痛患者的数据。根据抑郁自评量表的 50 分界点,参与者被重新分配为抑郁组和非抑郁组。所有患者均接受每周两次、每次 60 分钟的物理治疗,为期 12 周。主要结果是背部相关残疾。次要结果包括疼痛评分、睡眠质量、生活质量、其他心理结果和最小临床重要性差异。这些结果分别在基线、12周、26周和52周时收集。结果31人(27.4%)伴有抑郁症状。12 周时,抑郁组的初始抑郁评分仅与焦虑评分(β=1.196 [0.531 至 1.860],P=0.001)和抑郁评分(β=0.742 [0.200 至 1.284],P=0.009)相关,但初始抑郁评分与焦虑评分(β=0.409 [0.138 至 0.681],P=0.004)、抑郁评分(β=0.920 [0.658 to 1.184],P<0.001)、睡眠质量(β=0.108 [0.018 to 0.199],P=0.020)和疼痛焦虑(β=0.465 [0.034 to 0.897],P=0.035),与生活质量负相关(β=-0.815 [-1.267 to -0.363],P=0.001)。结论物理治疗对伴有抑郁症状的慢性脑卒中有效。在非抑郁组中,较高的初始抑郁评分可能会削弱物理治疗的疗效。抑郁并发症可能会对CLBP的干预效果产生不利影响。本试验的注册号为ChiCTR1800016396。
{"title":"Influence of Depression on Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain after Physical Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Rui Wang, Meng-Si Peng, Yi-Zu Wang, Pei-Jie Chen, Xue-Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9065325","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/9065325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Depressive complications in chronic pain are detrimental to rehabilitation. This study was aimed at determining the influence of the presence of depressive symptoms on the efficacy of physical therapy among participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP). <i>Methods</i>. Data was collected from a randomized controlled trial on 113 participants with CLBP. Participants were reallocated into the depressed or nondepressed groups based on the 50-cutoff point of the self-rating depression scale. All patients received 60 min sessions of physical therapy twice a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was back-related disability. Secondary outcomes included pain ratings, sleep quality, life quality, other psychological outcomes, and minimal clinically important differences. These outcomes were collected at baseline, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. <i>Results</i>. 31 (27.4%) were accompanied by depressive symptoms. At 12 weeks, the initial depression score was only associated with anxiety score (<i>β</i> = 1.196 [0.531 to 1.860], <i>P</i> = 0.001) and depression score (<i>β</i> = 0.742 [0.200 to 1.284], <i>P</i> = 0.009) in the depressed group, but the initial depression score was associated with anxiety score (<i>β</i> = 0.409 [0.138 to 0.681], <i>P</i> = 0.004), depression score (<i>β</i> = 0.920 [0.658 to 1.184], <i>P</i> < 0.001), sleep quality (<i>β</i> = 0.108 [0.018 to 0.199], <i>P</i> = 0.020), and pain anxiety (<i>β</i> = 0.465 [0.034 to 0.897], <i>P</i> = 0.035) and negatively associated with life quality (<i>β</i> = −0.815 [−1.267 to −0.363], <i>P</i> = 0.001) in the nondepressed group. <i>Conclusions</i>. Physical therapy is effective to CLBP with depressive symptoms. A higher initial depression score may weaken the efficacy of physical therapy in the nondepressed group. Depressive complications may adversely influence intervention efficacy for CLBP. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800016396.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140760146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial demonstratives are highly frequent linguistic universals, with at least two contrastive expressions (proximal (“this”) vs. distal (“that”)) indicating physical, social, or functional proximity of the speaker to the referent object. Recent evidence based on the Demonstrative Choice Task (DCT), in which participants couple words with a spatial demonstrative with no context provided, suggests that demonstrative use is also indicative of experienced or emotional proximity to the self in an imagined mental space. As depression is characterized by increased and maladaptive focus on the self, the DCT may be a simple and reliable way to elicit behaviors that enable inference on the presence of severe depressive states and allow descriptions of the semantic characteristics of individual differences in such states. In two independent cross-sectional studies, including 775 and 879 participants, respectively, we showed that DCT-based classification models reliably capture semantic characteristics of experiential states that are predictive of self-reported depression symptom severity, as measured by PHQ-9. In both samples, DCT classifiers outperformed baseline models and replicated semantic patterns of negative affect previously observed to be associated with depression. This indicates that the paradigm captures semantic characteristics of the experiential states underlying depression symptoms and may be used to map individuals along a broad semantic space, potentially providing novel insights into individual differences in depressive states.
{"title":"Inferring Depression and Its Semantic Underpinnings from Simple Lexical Choices","authors":"Line Kruse, Roberta Rocca, Mikkel Wallentin","doi":"10.1155/2024/3010831","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3010831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatial demonstratives are highly frequent linguistic universals, with at least two contrastive expressions (proximal (“this”) vs. distal (“that”)) indicating physical, social, or functional proximity of the speaker to the referent object. Recent evidence based on the Demonstrative Choice Task (DCT), in which participants couple words with a spatial demonstrative with no context provided, suggests that demonstrative use is also indicative of experienced or emotional proximity to the self in an imagined mental space. As depression is characterized by increased and maladaptive focus on the self, the DCT may be a simple and reliable way to elicit behaviors that enable inference on the presence of severe depressive states and allow descriptions of the semantic characteristics of individual differences in such states. In two independent cross-sectional studies, including 775 and 879 participants, respectively, we showed that DCT-based classification models reliably capture semantic characteristics of experiential states that are predictive of self-reported depression symptom severity, as measured by PHQ-9. In both samples, DCT classifiers outperformed baseline models and replicated semantic patterns of negative affect previously observed to be associated with depression. This indicates that the paradigm captures semantic characteristics of the experiential states underlying depression symptoms and may be used to map individuals along a broad semantic space, potentially providing novel insights into individual differences in depressive states.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordan L. Thomas, Jennifer A. Somers, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Jennifer A. Sumner
Objective. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked with impaired intimate relationships in postpartum women, yet less is known about couple-level manifestations of posttraumatic psychopathology and potential associations with relationship functioning for mothers and fathers during this critical time. Method. In a predominately low-to-middle income sample of 867 mother-father couple dyads assessed six months following the birth of a child, two analytic methods—a data-driven dyadic latent profile analysis and hypothesis-driven a priori categorization approach—evaluated whether discrete subgroups of couples could be identified based on both partners’ PTSD symptoms. Structural equation models then tested associations between identified subgroups with (1) self-reported relationship quality and (2) interviewer-rated relationship stress. Results. Three couple-level PTSD symptom groupings were common to both methods: both low, mother low-father high, and mother high-father low. Dyad-level PTSD symptom patterns were differentially related to relationship dysfunction for mothers and fathers, although mixed findings emerged across methods regarding the relevance of which partner had elevated symptoms for relationship functioning in PTSD symptom-discordant couples. Individuals in dyads characterized by at least one partner with elevated PTSD symptoms consistently exhibited greater relationship dysfunction—indexed both subjectively and objectively—compared to dyads where both partners had low symptoms. Conclusions. Couple-level typologies of PTSD symptoms can be identified using data- and hypothesis-driven approaches, with generally concordant results. Dyadic patterns of PTSD symptoms are relevant to relationship functioning for both mothers and fathers during the postpartum period and may help to inform more targeted intervention efforts to support couples who are parenting.
{"title":"Couple-Level Manifestations of Posttraumatic Stress and Maternal and Paternal Postpartum Relationship Functioning","authors":"Jordan L. Thomas, Jennifer A. Somers, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Jennifer A. Sumner","doi":"10.1155/2024/6140465","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6140465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Objective</i>. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked with impaired intimate relationships in postpartum women, yet less is known about couple-level manifestations of posttraumatic psychopathology and potential associations with relationship functioning for mothers and fathers during this critical time. <i>Method</i>. In a predominately low-to-middle income sample of 867 mother-father couple dyads assessed six months following the birth of a child, two analytic methods—a data-driven dyadic latent profile analysis and hypothesis-driven <i>a priori</i> categorization approach—evaluated whether discrete subgroups of couples could be identified based on both partners’ PTSD symptoms. Structural equation models then tested associations between identified subgroups with (1) self-reported relationship quality and (2) interviewer-rated relationship stress. <i>Results</i>. Three couple-level PTSD symptom groupings were common to both methods: <i>both low</i>, <i>mother low-father high</i>, and <i>mother high-father low</i>. Dyad-level PTSD symptom patterns were differentially related to relationship dysfunction for mothers and fathers, although mixed findings emerged across methods regarding the relevance of which partner had elevated symptoms for relationship functioning in PTSD symptom-discordant couples. Individuals in dyads characterized by at least one partner with elevated PTSD symptoms consistently exhibited greater relationship dysfunction—indexed both subjectively and objectively—compared to dyads where both partners had low symptoms. <i>Conclusions</i>. Couple-level typologies of PTSD symptoms can be identified using data- and hypothesis-driven approaches, with generally concordant results. Dyadic patterns of PTSD symptoms are relevant to relationship functioning for both mothers and fathers during the postpartum period and may help to inform more targeted intervention efforts to support couples who are parenting.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Despite the growing prevalence of internet usage among young people, the relationships between internet addiction, online social anxiety, fear of missing out (FoMO), and interpersonal sensitivity remain uncertain, intricate, and multifaceted. To gain insight into the underlying psychological mechanisms, we employed network analysis to explore the interconnections between them. This endeavor may provide fresh opportunities for intervention and treatment. Methods. In this study, 470 participants were assessed at age from 18 to 22 (M = 20.18 years, SD = 1.861) years. Network analysis was used to examine the connections between symptoms, and statistical measures were applied to assess the stability of the network model. Results. Online social anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity had the strongest associations with other symptoms in the network, with “Evaluation anxiety” having the highest expected influence centrality, followed by “Privacy concern anxiety,” “Need for approval,” “Suspicion,” and “vulnerability.” The FoMO symptom, “Fear of missing information,” had the strongest direct relation to internet addiction. “Evaluation anxiety” and “Fear of missing information” played a key role in bridging internet addiction and interpersonal sensitivity. Additionally, the structure distribution of edge weights had a significant difference between gender. Conclusions. Our findings indicated that FoMO, interpersonal sensitivity, and online social anxiety likely play a significant role in the development and continuation of internet addiction. Interpersonal sensitivity seems to contribute to increased online social anxiety, FoMO, and the development of internet addiction, indicating that targeting these symptoms may help reduce negative online behavior and psychological burden.
{"title":"Network Analysis of Internet Addiction, Online Social Anxiety, Fear of Missing Out, and Interpersonal Sensitivity among Chinese University Students","authors":"Xinyi Zhu, Wen Lian, Lu Fan","doi":"10.1155/2024/5447802","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5447802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Background</i>. Despite the growing prevalence of internet usage among young people, the relationships between internet addiction, online social anxiety, fear of missing out (FoMO), and interpersonal sensitivity remain uncertain, intricate, and multifaceted. To gain insight into the underlying psychological mechanisms, we employed network analysis to explore the interconnections between them. This endeavor may provide fresh opportunities for intervention and treatment. <i>Methods</i>. In this study, 470 participants were assessed at age from 18 to 22 (<i>M</i> = 20.18 years, SD = 1.861) years. Network analysis was used to examine the connections between symptoms, and statistical measures were applied to assess the stability of the network model. <i>Results</i>. Online social anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity had the strongest associations with other symptoms in the network, with “Evaluation anxiety” having the highest expected influence centrality, followed by “Privacy concern anxiety,” “Need for approval,” “Suspicion,” and “vulnerability.” The FoMO symptom, “Fear of missing information,” had the strongest direct relation to internet addiction. “Evaluation anxiety” and “Fear of missing information” played a key role in bridging internet addiction and interpersonal sensitivity. Additionally, the structure distribution of edge weights had a significant difference between gender. <i>Conclusions</i>. Our findings indicated that FoMO, interpersonal sensitivity, and online social anxiety likely play a significant role in the development and continuation of internet addiction. Interpersonal sensitivity seems to contribute to increased online social anxiety, FoMO, and the development of internet addiction, indicating that targeting these symptoms may help reduce negative online behavior and psychological burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rocco Servidio, Maria Giuseppina Bartolo, Flaviana Tenuta, Anna Lisa Palermiti, Francesca Candreva, Carmela Ciccarelli, Angela Costabile, Linda S. Pagani, Francesco Craig
Personality traits are considered potential risk or protective factors for learning and psychological adjustment. This is a concern in higher education settings, which comprise mostly youth in emerging adulthood. The purpose of this study is to apply a person-centered approach to identify personality profiles of university students based on their character traits and then evaluate whether some clusters predict differences in emotional distress and coping strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey with 467 southern Italian undergraduate university students (M = 21.8, SD = 3.69). Students completed an anonymous online survey and self-report questionnaires measuring sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5), emotional distress (General Anxiety Disorders-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). Two distinct clusters were identified, differing in relation to maladaptive personality traits. One was characterized by high maladaptive personality traits, comprising 45.6% of the sample population. This high-risk profile evidenced higher levels of negative affect, detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, and disinhibition. A second cluster, with low maladaptive personality traits, represented the remainder of the sample. Participants featuring high maladaptive personality traits reported lower functioning in terms of avoidant coping strategies in comparison to the second low-risk cluster. Generating profiles of latent traits, such as in cluster analysis, can enhance a more profound theoretical understanding of underlying patterns within personality traits. This can enable higher education settings to meet variations in student needs by adapting their support services and interventions. Students can be trained to use coping strategies more effectively and efficiently.
{"title":"Person-Centered Associations between High- and Low-Risk Personality Profiles and Psychological Adjustment in University Students","authors":"Rocco Servidio, Maria Giuseppina Bartolo, Flaviana Tenuta, Anna Lisa Palermiti, Francesca Candreva, Carmela Ciccarelli, Angela Costabile, Linda S. Pagani, Francesco Craig","doi":"10.1155/2024/8810153","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8810153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Personality traits are considered potential risk or protective factors for learning and psychological adjustment. This is a concern in higher education settings, which comprise mostly youth in emerging adulthood. The purpose of this study is to apply a person-centered approach to identify personality profiles of university students based on their character traits and then evaluate whether some clusters predict differences in emotional distress and coping strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey with 467 southern Italian undergraduate university students (<i>M</i> = 21.8, SD = 3.69). Students completed an anonymous online survey and self-report questionnaires measuring sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits (Personality Inventory for DSM-5), emotional distress (General Anxiety Disorders-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). Two distinct clusters were identified, differing in relation to maladaptive personality traits. One was characterized by high maladaptive personality traits, comprising 45.6% of the sample population. This high-risk profile evidenced higher levels of negative affect, detachment, psychoticism, antagonism, and disinhibition. A second cluster, with low maladaptive personality traits, represented the remainder of the sample. Participants featuring high maladaptive personality traits reported lower functioning in terms of avoidant coping strategies in comparison to the second low-risk cluster. Generating profiles of latent traits, such as in cluster analysis, can enhance a more profound theoretical understanding of underlying patterns within personality traits. This can enable higher education settings to meet variations in student needs by adapting their support services and interventions. Students can be trained to use coping strategies more effectively and efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shareefa AlGhamdi, Nabilah Alsulami, Sawsan Khoja, Hadeil Alsufiani, Haythum O. Tayeb, Huda Alshaibi, Frank I. Tarazi
Aim. To determine serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after vitamin D3 supplementation. Methods. A total of 72 participants were recruited in this study (40 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls). MDD was diagnosed by using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. Blood samples were collected from all participants at the beginning of the study to determine baseline serum 25(OH)D3, leptin, and ghrelin concentrations. Patients were then treated weekly with vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) for 3 months, and blood samples were collected again by the end of the study. Results. At baseline, serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls. In contrast, serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower compared to those in healthy controls. After supplementation with vitamin D3 for three months, MDD patients showed improvements characterized by a decrease in their BDI’s scores and an increase in their serum vitamin D and ghrelin concentrations. No effects of vitamin D3 supplementation were seen on serum leptin concentration. Conclusions. The antidepressant effects of vitamin D3 supplementation could be mediated by ghrelin but not leptin.
{"title":"Serum Ghrelin and Leptin Concentrations in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder before and after Supplementation with Vitamin D3","authors":"Shareefa AlGhamdi, Nabilah Alsulami, Sawsan Khoja, Hadeil Alsufiani, Haythum O. Tayeb, Huda Alshaibi, Frank I. Tarazi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2057881","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2057881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Aim</i>. To determine serum concentrations of leptin and ghrelin in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and after vitamin D3 supplementation. <i>Methods</i>. A total of 72 participants were recruited in this study (40 MDD patients and 32 healthy controls). MDD was diagnosed by using Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) scale. Blood samples were collected from all participants at the beginning of the study to determine baseline serum 25(OH)D3, leptin, and ghrelin concentrations. Patients were then treated weekly with vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) for 3 months, and blood samples were collected again by the end of the study. <i>Results</i>. At baseline, serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in MDD patients than in healthy controls. In contrast, serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower compared to those in healthy controls. After supplementation with vitamin D3 for three months, MDD patients showed improvements characterized by a decrease in their BDI’s scores and an increase in their serum vitamin D and ghrelin concentrations. No effects of vitamin D3 supplementation were seen on serum leptin concentration. <i>Conclusions</i>. The antidepressant effects of vitamin D3 supplementation could be mediated by ghrelin but not leptin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Working memory updating plays a critical role in executive function. Few studies explored the working memory updating in socially anxious individuals. In this study, we wanted to explore the working memory updating in socially anxious individuals. We studied this issue by instructing participants to perform an emotional 2-back task, and recording their response time and accuracy. We found that high socially anxious individuals showed significant longer response time in positive word condition than that of negative and neutral words. But there was no significant difference in word type in low socially anxious group. In accuracy, we did not observe any significant difference in group, word type, and their interaction. These results indicate that socially anxious individuals have deficits in positive content updating, which have an important implication for developing method to reduce social anxiety.
{"title":"Performance of Working Memory Updating in Socially Anxious Individuals","authors":"Jing Yuan, Xiran Sun, Qin Zhang, Lixia Cui","doi":"10.1155/2024/1799948","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1799948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Working memory updating plays a critical role in executive function. Few studies explored the working memory updating in socially anxious individuals. In this study, we wanted to explore the working memory updating in socially anxious individuals. We studied this issue by instructing participants to perform an emotional 2-back task, and recording their response time and accuracy. We found that high socially anxious individuals showed significant longer response time in positive word condition than that of negative and neutral words. But there was no significant difference in word type in low socially anxious group. In accuracy, we did not observe any significant difference in group, word type, and their interaction. These results indicate that socially anxious individuals have deficits in positive content updating, which have an important implication for developing method to reduce social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenming Wei, Bolun Cheng, Yijing Zhao, Dan He, Xiaoge Chu, Xiaoyue Qin, Na Zhang, Sirong Shi, Qingqing Cai, Jingni Hui, Yan Wen, Huan Liu, Yumeng Jia, Feng Zhang
The objectives of this study were to investigate the interaction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and lifestyle factors in the development of psychiatric disorders and to gain greater insight into their pathogenesis and comorbidity. We analyzed data from approximately 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank. Mitochondrial gene-by-environment interaction studies (mtGEIS) were performed to assess the relationships between mtDNA and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and self-harm. These disorders were defined using diagnostic and severity indicators derived from the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Smoking and drinking behaviors were characterized based on UK Biobank criteria. For the mtGEIS, logistic and linear regression models from PLINK 2.0 were employed, accounting for covariates like age, sex, PC1-10, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), and educational attainment. We also conducted sex-stratified analyses to detect any gender-specific effects. Our findings highlighted significant associations between mtDNA and three psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the interplay between mtDNA and lifestyle factors showed significant associations with psychiatric disorders (all P values < 0.05). Specifically, two mutant loci, T5004C (BAnx_self = −0.0026, BDep_self = −0.0024, BSelf−harm = −0.0018) and G9123A (BAnx_self = −0.0030, BDep_self = −0.0024, BSelf−harm = −0.0017), were found to reduce the risk of three disorders after interacting with alcohol. Sex-specific differences were also observed. In summary, the expression of mitochondrial genes could be modulated by lifestyle factors like smoking and drinking, potentially affecting psychiatric disorders. These habits might influence mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and the replication and transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial genes, culminating in changes in mitochondrial functionality and subsequently psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Exploring the Interplay between Mitochondrial DNA and Lifestyle Factors in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"Wenming Wei, Bolun Cheng, Yijing Zhao, Dan He, Xiaoge Chu, Xiaoyue Qin, Na Zhang, Sirong Shi, Qingqing Cai, Jingni Hui, Yan Wen, Huan Liu, Yumeng Jia, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/4914777","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4914777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objectives of this study were to investigate the interaction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and lifestyle factors in the development of psychiatric disorders and to gain greater insight into their pathogenesis and comorbidity. We analyzed data from approximately 150,000 individuals from the UK Biobank. Mitochondrial gene-by-environment interaction studies (mtGEIS) were performed to assess the relationships between mtDNA and psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and self-harm. These disorders were defined using diagnostic and severity indicators derived from the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Smoking and drinking behaviors were characterized based on UK Biobank criteria. For the mtGEIS, logistic and linear regression models from PLINK 2.0 were employed, accounting for covariates like age, sex, PC1-10, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), and educational attainment. We also conducted sex-stratified analyses to detect any gender-specific effects. Our findings highlighted significant associations between mtDNA and three psychiatric disorders. Moreover, the interplay between mtDNA and lifestyle factors showed significant associations with psychiatric disorders (all <i>P</i> values < 0.05). Specifically, two mutant loci, T5004C (<i>B</i><sub>Anx_self</sub> = −0.0026, <i>B</i><sub>Dep_self</sub> = −0.0024, <i>B</i><sub>Self−harm</sub> = −0.0018) and G9123A (<i>B</i><sub>Anx_self</sub> = −0.0030, <i>B</i><sub>Dep_self</sub> = −0.0024, <i>B</i><sub>Self−harm</sub> = −0.0017), were found to reduce the risk of three disorders after interacting with alcohol. Sex-specific differences were also observed. In summary, the expression of mitochondrial genes could be modulated by lifestyle factors like smoking and drinking, potentially affecting psychiatric disorders. These habits might influence mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and the replication and transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial genes, culminating in changes in mitochondrial functionality and subsequently psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}