Cretaceous Research最新文献_第4页

Agglutinated foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton proxies for age determination and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an Upper Cretaceous succession in the North Sudetic Cretaceous Basin (Germany) 德国北苏台德白垩世盆地上白垩世演替的凝集有孔虫和钙质纳米浮游生物代用物年龄测定和古环境重建

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106256

Richard M. Besen , Ramona Bălc , Mădălina-Elena Kallanxhi

The present study presents the findings of a comprehensive analysis of agglutinated foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton from drill core Spremberg Cu Sp 101/6, situated within the North Sudetic Cretaceous Basin in Germany. These results provide refined biostratigraphic data and contribute to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction for both surface and bottom water conditions in the studied region.

Several calcareous nannoplankton taxa facilitated the identification of specific biozones, including Eiffellithus eximius (UC8), Micula staurophora (UC10), and Lithastrinus grillii (UC11). Notably, M. staurophora and L. grillii display significantly earlier occurrences when correlated with inoceramid zonation, indicating a diachronous first appearance of these taxa.

Using cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and taxonomical information, microfossil assemblages suggest that shallower, eutrophic conditions prevailed during the Cenomanian, whereas the Turonian was characterized by less diverse and poorly preserved assemblages. During the Coniacian, calcareous nannofossil assemblages indicate fluctuations between intervals of poor preservation and phases of increased assemblage diversity, probably associated with eutrophic conditions during the early Coniacian. This was followed by a transition to predominantly oligotrophic and deeper conditions during the middle to late Coniacian. Changes in the agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages likely reflect the grade of disturbance of bottom-water conditions mostly controlled by regional subsidence.

本文介绍了对德国北苏德海白垩纪盆地Spremberg Cu Sp 101/6钻孔岩心中凝集有孔虫和钙质纳米浮游生物的综合分析结果。这些结果提供了精细的生物地层资料，有助于研究区表层和底水条件的古环境重建。一些钙质纳米浮游生物分类有助于确定特定的生物带，包括Eiffellithus eximius （UC8）、Micula staurophora （UC10）和Lithastrinus grillii （UC11）。值得注意的是，M. staurophora和L. grillii的出现时间明显早于接种带，表明这两个分类群的首次出现具有历时性。利用聚类分析、主成分分析和分类信息，微化石组合表明，在塞诺曼期，较浅的富营养化条件占主导地位，而在Turonian，组合的多样性较少，保存较差。在Coniacian期间，钙质纳米化石组合表明在保存不良的间隔和组合多样性增加的阶段之间波动，可能与早期Coniacian的富营养化条件有关。随后在Coniacian中后期过渡到主要的少营养和更深的条件。凝集有孔虫组合的变化可能反映了主要受区域沉降控制的底水条件扰动程度。

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引用次数: 0

Macrofauna and stable isotope record of the Jurassic‒Cretaceous transition at the Dedina section (Golubac, eastern Serbia) 塞尔维亚东部Golubac Dedina剖面侏罗纪-白垩纪过渡时期的大型动物群及稳定同位素记录

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106250

Lucie Vaňková , Barbara V. Radulović , Martin Košťák , Dragoman Rabrenović , Martin Mazuch , Dejan Barjaktarović , Slađana Dušanić

The Tithonian‒Berriasian boundary interval at the Dedina section (Serbia) has been evaluated from the perspective of rare invertebrate fossils (excluding ammonites and their aptychi) and stable isotope data obtained from the bulk rock samples (δ¹³C_carb and δ¹⁸O_carb). The majority of the described benthic fauna consists of brachiopods (Lacunosella hoheneggeri, Tropeothyris tychaviensis, Svaljavithyris bilimeki and Helvetella arzierensis); additionally, a single bivalve species Camptonectes (Camptonectes) cottaldinus is present. This fauna occurs predominantly in the uppermost part of the section, corresponding to the middle Berriasian. Rare belemnites (genera Duvalia, Berriasibelus, Tithonobelus, and Hibolites) exhibit a faunal turnover around the boundary between the calpionellid Remaniella ferasini and Calpionella elliptica subzones, where the family Duvaliidae is largely replaced by Belemnopseidae. The stable carbon isotope data are consistent with previously published records from the north-western Tethys, showing typical slightly negative excursions and trends: at the base of the Calpionella alpina Subzone, within the Ferasini Subzone (a well documented negative δ¹³C_carb excursion), and a negative peak within the Elliptica Subzone. The latter may hold potential correlative value but this requires confirmation. The stable oxygen isotope data are more affected by diagenesis, but partially reflect trends observed in other sections and may therefore preserve a palaeoclimatic signal.

从稀有无脊椎动物化石（不包括菊石及其类）和块状岩石样品（δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb）的稳定同位素数据的角度对塞尔维亚Dedina剖面的Tithonian-Berriasian边界段进行了评价。所描述的底栖动物主要为腕足类动物（Lacunosella hoheneggeri, Tropeothyris tychaviensis， Svaljavithyris bilimeki和Helvetella arzierensis）；此外，存在单一双壳类Camptonectes (Camptonectes) cottaldinus。这种动物群主要出现在剖面的最上部，对应于贝里亚中部。稀有的蛭石属（Duvalia属，Berriasibelus属，Tithonobelus属和Hibolites属）在calpionellid Remaniella ferasini亚带和Calpionella elliptica亚带之间表现出动物群更替，其中duvalidae科大部分被Belemnopseidae取代。稳定碳同位素数据与先前发表的特提斯西北部记录一致，显示出典型的轻微负偏移和趋势：在Calpionella alpina亚带的底部，Ferasini亚带内（一个有充分记录的负δ13Ccarb偏移），以及椭圆亚带内的负峰。后者可能具有潜在的相关价值，但这需要确认。稳定氧同位素数据受成岩作用影响较大，但部分反映了其他剖面观测到的趋势，因此可能保留了古气候信号。

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引用次数: 0

Fish Faunas from the Bissekty Formation (Turonian), Uzbekistan: Insights into biogeographic connectivity and climate-driven Faunal Turnover 乌兹别克斯坦Bissekty组（Turonian）的鱼类动物群：对生物地理连通性和气候驱动的动物群更替的见解

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106252

Donald B. Brinkman , Martin Kundrát , David J. Ward , Alison M. Murray , Izzet K. Aimbetov , Lisa L. Van Loon , Neil R. Banerjee

The Bissekty Formation (Turonian, Uzbekistan) provides new insights into the reorganization of aquatic paleocommunities that occurred during the Turonian thermal maximum, a period of significant climatic and faunal change. The assemblage includes four basal neopterygians and 13 teleosts. Teleosts are dominated by members of early diverging lineages, including Ichthyodectiformes, Elopomorpha, Osteoglossiformes, and Clupeomorpha. More derived teleosts present in the assemblage includes a characiform and an acanthomorph. The assemblage is distinctive compared to Late Cretaceous assemblages from North America in the high abundance of ichthyodectiforms and elopomorphs and both high abundance and large size of acanthomorphs. The Bissekty fish assemblages differs from preceding Cenomanian assemblages of Laurasia in the absence of two taxa that were dominant in the earlier Cenomanian assemblages, Scheenstia López-Arbarello and Sferco, 2011 (Lepidotidae) and a pycnodont, and the appearance of seven new taxa. One of the newly appearing taxa is a member of Characiformes, a group that is thought to have originated in Gondwana, adding to the evidence that the introduction of new taxa was a result, in part, of intercontinental dispersal events. All seven of the taxa that first appear in the Bissekty Formation are closely related to, or indistinguishable from, taxa present in the North American portion of Laurasia. However, only two of these are known to occur in North America during the Turonian, with the remaining taxa first occurring in North America in a step-wise pattern during the Late Cretaceous. Conversely, two of the taxa that first occur in the Turonian of the North American portion of Laurasia are absent in Asian assemblages.

Bissekty组（Turonian, Uzbekistan）为研究发生在Turonian热极大期的水生古群落重组提供了新的见解，这是一个重大的气候和动物变化时期。该组合包括4种基翅类和13种硬骨鱼类。硬骨鱼主要是早期分化谱系的成员，包括鱼形目、鱼形目、骨舌形目和鱼形目。在组合中存在的更多衍生硬骨鱼包括特征鱼和棘形鱼。与北美晚白垩世的组合相比，该组合的特点是鱼形类和鱼形类丰度高，棘形类丰度高，尺寸大。Bissekty鱼类组合与Laurasia以前的Cenomanian组合的不同之处在于缺少两个在早期Cenomanian组合中占主导地位的分类群，Scheenstia López-Arbarello and Sferco, 2011（鳞翅目）和一个长齿鱼，并且出现了7个新的分类群。其中一个新出现的分类群是characterformes的成员，该分类群被认为起源于冈瓦纳，这进一步证明了新分类群的引入部分是洲际分散事件的结果。在Bissekty组首次出现的所有7个分类群都与月桂属北美部分的分类群密切相关或难以区分。然而，其中只有两个已知出现在北美的Turonian期间，其余的分类群在晚白垩纪期间以阶梯模式首次出现在北美。相反，在月牙亚属北美部分的土伦系中首次出现的两个分类群在亚洲的组合中却没有出现。

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引用次数: 0

Blooming under the shadow of Patagotitan mayorum: Early Cretaceous tiny flowers from Patagonia, Argentina 在巴塔哥尼亚的阴影下绽放：早白垩世的小花，来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106254

Giovanni C. Nunes , Ignacio H. Escapa , Luis M. Sender , N. Rubén Cúneo , Maria A. Gandolfo

The fossil record of angiosperm reproductive remains from Lower Cretaceous deposits is critical for understanding angiosperm early evolution and rapid radiation. The fossil record of early flowers from the Southern Hemisphere is still extremely scarce compared to the Northern Hemisphere, particularly from outcrops located south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Here, we describe flowers from Upper Albian (101 Ma; Cerro Barcino Formation) deposits of Patagonia, Argentina, found in association with Patagotitan mayorum, the largest known dinosaur in the world at present. The flowers are pistillate, less than 10 mm in diameter, actinomorphic, pentamerous, and perigynous, with a tepaloid perianth, and are assigned to the new genus and species Patagoflora minima. This discovery represents the first Albian record of flowers for southern South America and one of the best-dated ones for Gondwana. Patagoflora minima is also one of the very few examples of flowers preserved along with dinosaurs. Its association with abundant and diverse angiosperm leaves and dinosaur remains provides significant data for understanding the ecosystems inhabited by the largest terrestrial animals that ever lived.

下白垩世被子植物生殖遗存的化石记录对了解被子植物的早期演化和快速辐射具有重要意义。与北半球相比，南半球早期花朵的化石记录仍然极其稀少，特别是在南回归线以南的露头。在这里，我们描述了来自阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚上Albian （101 Ma； Cerro Barcino组）矿床的花，这些花与目前世界上已知的最大的恐龙巴塔哥提龙mayorum有关。该花具雌蕊，直径小于10mm，辐射对称，五分生，周生，花被被片状，属于新属和新种Patagoflora minima。这一发现代表了南美洲南部的第一个阿尔比亚花记录，也是冈瓦纳最准确的时间记录之一。Patagoflora minima也是为数不多的与恐龙一起保存下来的花朵之一。它与丰富多样的被子植物叶片和恐龙遗骸的联系为了解曾经生活过的最大陆生动物所居住的生态系统提供了重要的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Diagenetic characterization of crocodyliform fossils from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Group): Evaluating the chemical alteration of skeletal tissues through a multi-technique approach 上白垩统Bauru群Adamantina组鳄鱼形化石的成岩特征：通过多技术方法评估骨骼组织的化学变化

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106248

Fellipe P. Muniz , Annie Schmaltz Hsiou , Fabio Dias de Andrade , Gabriel Ladeira Osés , Márcia A. Rizzutto , Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli Pacheco

The Adamantina Formation hosts one of the most well-documented Late Cretaceous continental faunas in South America, with crocodyliforms standing out for their unusual richness and ecomorphological diversity. While their taxonomy and anatomy have been widely studied, the understanding of their fossilization processes has been largely overlooked. Here, we apply a multi-technique approach to analyze diagenetic alterations of the skeletal elements of crocodyliforms from the Adamantina Formation, combining information from energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Our results indicate significant structural and compositional changes, including loss of the organic matrix, void permineralization, ionic substitutions, and recrystallization. Although organic molecules were not unambiguously detected, some Raman spectra exhibited bands in the 1000–1800 cm⁻¹ range that resemble signals previously linked to organic compounds, but which may instead result from fluorescence induced by rare earth elements. Void-filling minerals reflect the prevailing influence of both alkaline (e.g., calcite, relict siderite) and oxidizing (iron oxyhydroxides) pore waters. All samples showed transformation of the original bioapatite into carbonated fluorapatite, highlighting the importance of the precipitation of a more thermodynamically stable phase for the long-term survival of skeletal remains. Raman spectroscopy further revealed differences in fossil apatite preservation among samples, with some showing less alteration and potentially storing original chemical information. The combination of techniques used in this study allowed a comprehensive assessment of the mode and degree of diagenetic alteration of crocodyliform remains, which might be useful when selecting samples for molecular or isotopic studies.

Adamantina组拥有南美洲记录最完整的晚白垩世大陆动物群之一，鳄鱼类以其不同寻常的丰富性和生态形态多样性而脱颖而出。虽然它们的分类学和解剖学已经被广泛研究，但对它们的石化过程的理解在很大程度上被忽视了。本文采用多技术方法，结合能量色散x射线荧光、扫描电镜与能量色散x射线能谱、微拉曼光谱和x射线衍射等信息，分析了Adamantina组鳄鱼形化石骨骼元素的成岩变化。我们的结果表明了显著的结构和组成变化，包括有机基质的损失，空隙过矿化，离子取代和再结晶。虽然有机分子没有被明确地检测到，但一些拉曼光谱在1000-1800 cm−1范围内显示出类似于以前与有机化合物相关的信号，但这可能是由稀土元素诱导的荧光引起的。填空矿物反映了碱性（如方解石、残余菱铁矿）和氧化性（氧化铁）孔隙水的普遍影响。所有样品都显示原始生物磷灰石转变为碳化氟磷灰石，强调了更热动力学稳定阶段的沉淀对骨骼遗骸长期存活的重要性。拉曼光谱进一步揭示了不同样品中化石磷灰石保存的差异，有些样品显示较少的蚀变，可能储存了原始的化学信息。本研究中使用的技术组合允许对鳄鱼形遗骸的成岩改变模式和程度进行全面评估，这可能在选择分子或同位素研究样本时有用。

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引用次数: 0

A first fossil sturgeon from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Northwestern Pacific 西北太平洋上白垩纪（马斯特里赫特）的第一具鲟鱼化石

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106251

Shinya Miyata , Yasuhisa Nakajima , Isao Motoyama , Tomohiro Nishimura , Yoshitaka Yabumoto

This paper reports a detailed description of a single acipenserid subopercle from the Maastrichtian Hakobuchi Formation, Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan. The specimen has a nearly circular fan shape. Anterior extension and lateral surface ornamentation are observed. These characteristics are similar to those in representatives of the family Acipenseridae among Acipenseriformes. Additionally, the size of the subopercle is more than 15 cm, which leads to an estimated total length of more than 180 cm. This is the first occurrence of sturgeons from the Maastrichtian of East Asia; it reveals the presence of acipenserids in the northwestern Pacific region during the Late Cretaceous. This study also provides new insights into the North American–Asian dispersal route of sturgeons in the Cretaceous.

本文报道了在日本北海道Yezo群Maastrichtian Hakobuchi组中发现的单个蛇尾纲亚环的详细描述。样品呈近似圆形的扇形。观察到前伸和外侧表面纹饰。这些特征类似于那些代表家庭的鲟科鲟目之一。此外，亚环的大小超过15厘米，这导致估计的总长度超过180厘米。这是东亚马斯特里赫特群岛首次出现鲟鱼；它揭示了晚白垩纪西北太平洋地区出现的蛇尾纲动物。该研究也为白垩纪鲟鱼在北美-亚洲的传播路线提供了新的见解。

引用次数: 0

First didactyl theropod track from the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation, Tetori Group, Fukui, Japan 日本福井鸟居群下白垩世北达谷组第一双足兽脚亚目足迹

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106249

Yuta Tsukiji , Soki Hattori , Yoichi Azuma

A small theropod track was discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation at the Kitadani Dinosaur Quarry in Fukui, Japan. Its distinctive didactyl morphology suggests that the trackmaker was a deinonychosaurian theropod. The track measures 8.0 cm in length and 4.7 cm in width, with a divarication angle of 20° between digits III and IV. These features are consistent with those of the ichnogenus Velociraptorichnus. The track exhibits a centrally positioned metatarsophalangeal pad impression along its longitudinal axis, a feature also observed in other ichnotaxa interpreted as having been made by arctometatarsalian theropods. Given that the arctometatarsalian condition is restricted to troodontids within Deinonychosauria, the trackmaker is inferred to be a troodontid. This specimen represents the first record of a deinonychosaurian track from Japan and provides new ichnological evidence for the presence of deinonychosaurian theropods in the Kitadani Formation. Furthermore, it reinforces the previous hypotheses suggesting a close relationship between the dinosaur ichnofauna of the Kitadani Formation and other dinosaur ichnofaunas of the Lower Cretaceous in East Asia.

在日本福井的北达尼恐龙采石场的下白垩世北达尼组发现了一个小兽脚亚目恐龙的足迹。它独特的双足动物形态表明，这个脚印制造者是一种恐爪龙兽脚亚目恐龙。径迹长8.0 cm，宽4.7 cm，趾III和趾IV之间的分岔角为20°。这些特征与Velociraptorichnus属一致。足迹沿其纵轴显示了一个位于中心位置的跖趾垫印，这一特征也在其他石类群中观察到，被解释为是由掌跖目兽脚亚目动物留下的。考虑到手跖骨的情况仅限于恐爪龙中的齿形类，可以推断脚印制造者是一种齿形类。该标本是日本首次发现的恐爪龙足迹，为北达谷组存在恐爪龙兽脚亚目恐龙提供了新的技术证据。进一步证实了北达尼组恐龙区系与东亚地区其他下白垩统恐龙区系关系密切的假说。

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引用次数: 0

Global dispersal patterns of non-marine ostracods in the Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) 晚白垩世（坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特）非海相介形类的全球扩散格局

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106242

Silvia Regina Gobbo, Reinaldo J. Bertini

This study investigates the origin and intercontinental dispersal routes of non-marine ostracods during the Campanian–Maastrichtian, with emphasis on the biogeographic history of the subfamily Talicyprideinae and related genera. Fossil distribution data from the literature were analysed, key species were taxonomically revised, and the results were integrated with palaeogeographic reconstructions to infer dispersal pathways. The findings indicate that Talicyprideinae originated in north-eastern Brazil and dispersed along two main routes: one through Africa and Eurasia, and another through South America to India via Antarctica. Genera such as Harbinia, Vecticypris, Zonocypris and Virgatocypris spread from northern Africa into Europe, southern South America, and North America (via Beringia). The Antarctic route explains ostracod occurrences in south-eastern Brazil, Argentina and India. The revised diagnosis of four Talicyprideinae species confirms their presence in South America. Dispersal mechanisms—wind, water and animal-mediated—were evaluated for their role in these patterns. A complex network of Campanian–Maastrichtian dispersal routes is highlighted, including the Kerguelen Plateau, Ninetyeast Ridge, Seychelles–Laxmi Ridge, Apulian Microplate, Beringia, and the Caribbean region, revealing global connectivity among ostracod faunas.

本文研究了坎帕尼亚-马斯特里克地区非海相介形虫的起源和洲际传播路线，重点研究了Talicyprideinae亚科及其属的生物地理历史。分析了文献中的化石分布数据，对关键物种进行了分类修正，并将结果与古地理重建相结合，推断了扩散路径。研究结果表明，Talicyprideinae起源于巴西东北部，并沿着两条主要路线传播：一条是通过非洲和欧亚大陆，另一条是通过南美洲经由南极洲到达印度。Harbinia、Vecticypris、zooncypris和virgatcypris等属从北非传播到欧洲、南美南部和北美（经白令陆桥）。南极航线解释了介形虫在巴西东南部、阿根廷和印度出现的原因。四种Talicyprideinae物种的修订诊断证实了它们在南美洲的存在。我们评估了风、水和动物介导的传播机制在这些模式中的作用。研究强调了坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特地区的复杂传播路线网络，包括凯尔盖伦高原、奈奈特酵母脊、塞舌尔-拉克西米脊、阿普利亚微板块、白令陆桥和加勒比地区，揭示了介形虫动物群之间的全球连通性。

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引用次数: 0

A new euornithine from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of China reveals the first radiation of fish-eating birds 来自中国下白垩纪（Aptian）的新鸟氨酸揭示了食鱼鸟类的第一次辐射

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106244

Jiandong Huang , Xuri Wang , Andrea Cau , Lei Mao , Yichuan Liu , Yang Wang

A new euornithine bird, Kunpengornis anhuimusei gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a nearly complete skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China. The new taxon is characterized by possessing the unique combination of reduced maxillary ramus of premaxilla shorter than half the buccal margin of premaxilla, coracoid having a trapezoidal procoracoid process not expanded craniocaudally at its medial margin, sternum with blunt craniolateral process, drop-shaped distal end of lateral trabecula and reduced intermediate trabecula not enclosing a caudal fenestra, pubis lacking ossified distal symphysis and with gradually expanding distal end, resulting twice longer craniocaudally than at mid-shaft, but lacking an abrupt distinction between shaft and distal foot. The macerated fish bones preserved in the abdominal cavity provides direct evidence that Kunpengornis was piscivorous. Despite overall similarity with some yanornithids and other piscivorous euornithines, the phylogenetic analysis places Kunpengornis as sister taxon of Piscivoravis and closer to the "ornithuromorph-gansuid" clade than Yanornithidae, a result which supports the hypothesis that a piscivorous "Yanornis-like" bauplan was a grade along the evolutionary sequence leading to the precursors of the modern avians. The acquisition of the fish-eating ecology and the exploitation of the aquatic environments represented key innovations for the successful radiation of the euornithine birds.

根据辽宁西部下白垩世（Aptian）热河生物群的一具近乎完整的骨架，描述了一种新的真鸟目鸟类——Kunpengornis anhuimusei gen. et sp. nov.。该新分类群的特点是具有以下特征的独特组合：前上颌缩支短于前上颌颊缘的一半，喙突内侧缘有一个不向颅侧扩张的梯状前喙突，胸骨颅外侧突钝，外侧小梁远端呈滴水状，中间小梁缩小，不包围尾侧孔，耻骨缺乏骨化的远端联合，远端逐渐扩大。结果两倍长于颅侧比在中轴，但缺乏轴和远端足之间的突然区分。保存在腹腔里的浸泡过的鱼骨为昆鸟是食鱼动物提供了直接证据。尽管总体上与一些燕鸟目和其他鱼食性新鸟目相似，但系统发育分析将Kunpengornis列为鱼鸟目的姐妹分类群，并且比燕鸟科更接近于“鸟鸟形态-gansuid”分支，这一结果支持了一种“类似燕鸟目”的鱼食性鸟计划是进化序列中导致现代鸟类祖先的一个等级的假设。食鱼生态的获取和水生环境的开发是新鸟目鸟类成功辐射的关键创新。

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引用次数: 0

Lower Cretaceous palynoflora from the Binggou Formation of Jianchang Basin, western Liaoning, NE China and its U–Pb zircon age 辽西建昌盆地冰沟组下白垩统孢粉植物及其锆石年龄

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY

Cretaceous Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106247

Xiao Tan , Yuhui Feng , Fei Liang , Yunfeng Li , Chunlin Sun , Ge Sun

The Jianchang Basin of western Liaoning, NE China is one of the important Mesozoic non-marine sedimentary basins in China. The Lower Cretaceous Binggou Formation is well exposed in this basin yielding abundant coal and fossils. Lately research on the invertebrate and plant fossils from this formation indicates this biota chronologically corresponding to the famous Fuxin biota. The present work uncovers a palynoflora in the Formation composed of 153 species of 59 genera which are represented by the assemblage of Cicatricosisporites-Osmundacidites-Concentrisporites. The assemblage is dominated by gymnospermous pollen and is evidenced of the upper Lower Cretaceous by the characters of its composition and the occurrence of such age-diagnostic elements as Cicatricosisporites, Appendicisporites, Erlianpollis and Jiaohepollis. New U–Pb zircon dating made by the authors from the middle of the coal seam of the formation, indicates a 106.5 ± 1.9 Ma age, and confirms the Binggou Formation and palynoflora belonging to the Albian of the Lower Cretaceous, for the first time. The paleoecological and paleoenvironmental characteristics based on the palynoflora are also reconstructed by using the Sporopollen EcoGroup (SEG) model and the Plant Ecological Model (Eco-plant model). It suggests that the flora flourished in an environment characterized by the coexistence of both highland and lowland river systems. During the period when this flora existed, humidity levels increased slightly, and the environment remained stable, showing no evidence of large-scale climatic disturbances.

辽西建昌盆地是中国重要的中生代非海相沉积盆地之一。该盆地下白垩统冰沟组出露良好，煤、化石资源丰富。近年来对该地层的无脊椎动物和植物化石的研究表明，该生物群与著名的阜新生物群相对应。本研究发现了一个由59属153种组成的孢粉植物群，以Cicatricosisporites-Osmundacidites-Concentrisporites组合为代表。该组合以裸子植物花粉为主，其组成特征以及Cicatricosisporites、Appendicisporites、Erlianpollis和Jiaohepollis等年代诊断元素的出现证明了其在上-下白垩统的存在。在该组煤层中部进行了新的U-Pb锆石定年，其年龄为106.5±1.9 Ma，首次确认了冰沟组和孢粉植物属下白垩统阿尔比系。利用孢粉生态群（SEG）模型和植物生态模型（Eco-plant model）重建了孢粉区系的古生态环境特征。这表明，植物群在一个以高地和低地河流系统共存为特征的环境中繁盛。在这种植物群存在的时期，湿度水平略有增加，环境保持稳定，没有显示出大规模气候扰动的证据。

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