Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131829
W. Bożejko, Mariusz Uchroński, M. Wodecki
The paper discusses a two-machine flow shop problem with minimization of the sum of tardiness costs, being a generalization of the popular NP-hard single-machine problem with this criterion. We propose the introduction of new elimination block properties allowing for accelerating the operation of approximate algorithms of local searches, solving this problem and improving the quality of solutions determined by them.
{"title":"Blocks for two-machines total weighted tardiness flow shop scheduling problem","authors":"W. Bożejko, Mariusz Uchroński, M. Wodecki","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131829","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses a two-machine flow shop problem with minimization of the sum of tardiness costs, being a generalization of the popular NP-hard single-machine problem with this criterion. We propose the introduction of new elimination block properties allowing for accelerating the operation of approximate algorithms of local searches, solving this problem and improving the quality of solutions determined by them.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134670
M. Ostrowski
This paper investigates whether a quantum computer can efficiently simulate the non-elastic scattering of the Schrödinger particle on a stationary excitable shield. The return of the shield to the ground state is caused by photon emission. An algorithm is presented for simulating the time evolution of such a process, implemented on standard two-input gates. The algorithm is used for the computation of elastic and non-elastic scattering probabilities. The results obtained by our algorithm are compared with those obtained using the standard Cayley’s method.
{"title":"Simulation of the Schrödinger particle non-elastic scattering with emission of photon in the quantum register","authors":"M. Ostrowski","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether a quantum computer can efficiently simulate the non-elastic scattering of the Schrödinger particle on a stationary excitable shield. The return of the shield to the ground state is caused by photon emission. An algorithm is presented for simulating the time evolution of such a process, implemented on standard two-input gates. The algorithm is used for the computation of elastic and non-elastic scattering probabilities. The results obtained by our algorithm are compared with those obtained using the standard Cayley’s method.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86699216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134644
A. Strojny-Nędza, P. Egizabal, K. Pietrzak, R. Zieliński, K. Kaszyca, A. Piatkowska, M. Chmielewski
This paper presents the results of studies concerning the production and characterization of Al-SiC/W and Cu-SiC/W composite materials with a 30% volume fraction of reinforcing phase particles as well as the influence of corrosion and thermal shocks on the properties of selected metal matrix composites. Spark plasma sintering method (SPS) was applied for the purpose of producing these materials. In order to avoid the decomposition of SiC surface, SiC powder was coated with a thin tungsten layer using plasma vapour deposition (PVD) method. The obtained results were analysed by the effect of the corrosion and thermal shocks on materials density, hardness, bending strength, tribological and thermal properties. Qualitative X-ray analysis and observation of microstructure of sample surfaces after corrosion tests and thermal shocks were also conducted. The use of PVD technique allows us to obtain an evenly distributed layer of titanium with a constant thickness of 1.5 μm. It was found that adverse environmental conditions and increased temperature result in a change in the material behaviour in wear tests.
{"title":"Corrosion and thermal shock resistance of metal (Cu, Al) matrix composites reinforced by SiC particles","authors":"A. Strojny-Nędza, P. Egizabal, K. Pietrzak, R. Zieliński, K. Kaszyca, A. Piatkowska, M. Chmielewski","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of studies concerning the production and characterization of Al-SiC/W and Cu-SiC/W composite materials with a 30% volume fraction of reinforcing phase particles as well as the influence of corrosion and thermal shocks on the properties of selected metal matrix composites. Spark plasma sintering method (SPS) was applied for the purpose of producing these materials. In order to avoid the decomposition of SiC surface, SiC powder was coated with a thin tungsten layer using plasma vapour deposition (PVD) method. The obtained results were analysed by the effect of the corrosion and thermal shocks on materials density, hardness, bending strength, tribological and thermal properties. Qualitative X-ray analysis and observation of microstructure of sample surfaces after corrosion tests and thermal shocks were also conducted. The use of PVD technique allows us to obtain an evenly distributed layer of titanium with a constant thickness of 1.5 μm. It was found that adverse environmental conditions and increased temperature result in a change in the material behaviour in wear tests.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86757479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130180
S. Przybysz, M. Kulczyk, W. Pachla, J. Skiba, M. Wróblewska, J. Mizera, D. Moszczyńska
The study attempts to investigate the influence of severe plastic deformation (SPD in the hydrostatic extrusion (HE) process on the anisotropy of the structure and mechanical properties of the AA 6060 alloy. Material in isotropic condition was subjected to a single round of hydrostatic extrusion with three different degrees of deformation (ε = 1.23, 1.57, 2.28). They allowed the grain size to be fragmented to the nanocrystalline level. Mechanical properties of the AA 6060 alloy, examined on mini-samples, showed an increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) as compared to the initial material. Significant strengthening of the material results from high grain refinement in transverse section, from »220 μm in the initial material to »300 nm following the HE process. The material was characterized by the occurrence of structure anisotropy, which may determine the potential use of the material. Static tensile tests of mini-samples showed »10% anisotropy of properties between longitudinal and transverse cross-sections. In the AA6060 alloy, impact anisotropy was found depending on the direction of its testing. Higher impact toughness was observed in the cross-section parallel to the HE direction. The results obtained allow to analyze the characteristic structure created during the HE process and result in more efficient use of the AA 6060 alloy in applications.
{"title":"Anisotropy of mechanical and structural properties in AA 6060 aluminum alloy following hydrostatic extrusion process","authors":"S. Przybysz, M. Kulczyk, W. Pachla, J. Skiba, M. Wróblewska, J. Mizera, D. Moszczyńska","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130180","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempts to investigate the influence of severe plastic deformation (SPD in the hydrostatic extrusion (HE) process on the anisotropy of the structure and mechanical properties of the AA 6060 alloy. Material in isotropic condition was subjected to a single round of hydrostatic extrusion with three different degrees of deformation (ε = 1.23, 1.57, 2.28). They allowed the grain size to be fragmented to the nanocrystalline level. Mechanical properties of the AA 6060 alloy, examined on mini-samples, showed an increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) as compared to the initial material. Significant strengthening of the material results from high grain refinement in transverse section, from »220 μm in the initial material to »300 nm following the HE process. The material was characterized by the occurrence of structure anisotropy, which may determine the potential use of the material. Static tensile tests of mini-samples showed »10% anisotropy of properties between longitudinal and transverse cross-sections. In the AA6060 alloy, impact anisotropy was found depending on the direction of its testing. Higher impact toughness was observed in the cross-section parallel to the HE direction. The results obtained allow to analyze the characteristic structure created during the HE process and result in more efficient use of the AA 6060 alloy in applications.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86878921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2021.137387
Wiesław Kuczko, A. Hamrol, Radosław Wichniarek, F. Górski, M. Rogalewicz
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, allows the shaping of parts with a complex geometry without the need for additional technological equipment [1]. Moreover, a broad spectrum of additive manufacturing varieties makes it possible to manufacture parts from many types of materials [2]. However, concerning traditional technologies (casting, machining and plastics moulding), AM has significant constraints relating to its efficiency and the quality and, above all, the physical and chemical properties of the manufactured parts [3]. Therefore, the scope of AM applications in the industrial production of everyday products is still relatively limited [4]. For most types of AM methods, especially those in which metal alloys are not used, production is focused mainly on prototypes and visual supplies [5], some types of tooling [6] and simple parts which are not heavy-duty [7]. One of the most commonly used additive manufacturing methods is FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication), also known as FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling). In this method, the physical version of a part is made from thermoplastic material. The production itself consists of applying plasticized material extruded through a nozzle with a circular end section, moving along the X and Y axis, parallel to the print bed, which is often enclosed in a chamber (see Fig. 1). After applying the material within one layer, the print bed moves its position relative to the head along the Z axis, at a value corresponding to the defined thickness of a single layer. The FDM technological parameters are related to the parts manufactured (product parameters) and to the process of mateMATERIAL SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
{"title":"Mechanical properties and geometric accuracy of angle-shaped parts manufactured using the FFF method","authors":"Wiesław Kuczko, A. Hamrol, Radosław Wichniarek, F. Górski, M. Rogalewicz","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2021.137387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2021.137387","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, allows the shaping of parts with a complex geometry without the need for additional technological equipment [1]. Moreover, a broad spectrum of additive manufacturing varieties makes it possible to manufacture parts from many types of materials [2]. However, concerning traditional technologies (casting, machining and plastics moulding), AM has significant constraints relating to its efficiency and the quality and, above all, the physical and chemical properties of the manufactured parts [3]. Therefore, the scope of AM applications in the industrial production of everyday products is still relatively limited [4]. For most types of AM methods, especially those in which metal alloys are not used, production is focused mainly on prototypes and visual supplies [5], some types of tooling [6] and simple parts which are not heavy-duty [7]. One of the most commonly used additive manufacturing methods is FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication), also known as FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling). In this method, the physical version of a part is made from thermoplastic material. The production itself consists of applying plasticized material extruded through a nozzle with a circular end section, moving along the X and Y axis, parallel to the print bed, which is often enclosed in a chamber (see Fig. 1). After applying the material within one layer, the print bed moves its position relative to the head along the Z axis, at a value corresponding to the defined thickness of a single layer. The FDM technological parameters are related to the parts manufactured (product parameters) and to the process of mateMATERIAL SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88978019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131849
E. Talhi, Jean-Charles Huet, Virginie Fortineau, S. Lamouri
This paper deals with a methodology for the implementation of cloud manufacturing (CM) architecture. CM is a current paradigm in which dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided to users as services over the Internet. CM is based on the concept of coud computing, which is essential in the Industry 4.0 trend. A CM architecture is employed to map users and providers of manufacturing resources. It reduces costs and development time during a product lifecycle. Some providers use different descriptions of their services, so we propose taking advantage of semantic web technologies such as ontologies to tackle this issue. Indeed, robust tools are proposed for mapping providers’ descriptions and user requests to find the most appropriate service. The ontology defines the stages of the product lifecycle as services. It also takes into account the features of coud computing (storage, computing capacity, etc.). The CM ontology will contribute to intelligent and automated service discovery. The proposed methodology is inspired by the ASDI framework (analysis–specification–design–implementation), which has already been used in the supply chain, healthcare and manufacturing domains. The aim of the new methodology is to propose an easy method of designing a library of components for a CM architecture. An example of the application of this methodology with a simulation model, based on the CloudSim software, is presented. The result can be used to help the industrial decision-makers who want to design CM architectures.
{"title":"A methodology for cloud manufacturing architecture in the context of industry 4.0","authors":"E. Talhi, Jean-Charles Huet, Virginie Fortineau, S. Lamouri","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131849","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with a methodology for the implementation of cloud manufacturing (CM) architecture. CM is a current paradigm in which dynamically scalable and virtualized resources are provided to users as services over the Internet. CM is based on the concept of coud computing, which is essential in the Industry 4.0 trend. A CM architecture is employed to map users and providers of manufacturing resources. It reduces costs and development time during a product lifecycle. Some providers use different descriptions of their services, so we propose taking advantage of semantic web technologies such as ontologies to tackle this issue. Indeed, robust tools are proposed for mapping providers’ descriptions and user requests to find the most appropriate service. The ontology defines the stages of the product lifecycle as services. It also takes into account the features of coud computing (storage, computing capacity, etc.). The CM ontology will contribute to intelligent and automated service discovery. The proposed methodology is inspired by the ASDI framework (analysis–specification–design–implementation), which has already been used in the supply chain, healthcare and manufacturing domains. The aim of the new methodology is to propose an easy method of designing a library of components for a CM architecture. An example of the application of this methodology with a simulation model, based on the CloudSim software, is presented. The result can be used to help the industrial decision-makers who want to design CM architectures.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89572343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134179
A. Cagnano, E. D. Tuglie, Francesco Marcone, Giuseppe Porro, D. Rasolomampionona
In this paper, a control strategy for real-time operation of a master-slave controlled microgrid is developed. The basic idea of this control strategy is to schedule all dispatchable energy sources available into a microgrid to minimize its operational costs. Control actions are centrally evaluated by solving a two-stage optimization problem formulated to take place on two different time-scales: in the day-ahead and in the real-time. The first one provides a 24-hour plan in advance. It mainly draws up the active power levels that Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) should provide for each quarter hour of the next day by taking into account energy prices of the day-ahead energy market, the forecasted energy production of non-dispatchable renewables and loads. The real-time optimization problem updates the active power set-points of DERs in order to minimize as much as possible the real-time deviations between the actual power exchanged with the utility grid and its scheduled value. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been experimentally tested on an actual microgrid.
{"title":"Economic Dispatch for on-line operation of grid-connected microgrids","authors":"A. Cagnano, E. D. Tuglie, Francesco Marcone, Giuseppe Porro, D. Rasolomampionona","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134179","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a control strategy for real-time operation of a master-slave controlled microgrid is developed. The basic idea of this control strategy is to schedule all dispatchable energy sources available into a microgrid to minimize its operational costs. Control actions are centrally evaluated by solving a two-stage optimization problem formulated to take place on two different time-scales: in the day-ahead and in the real-time. The first one provides a 24-hour plan in advance. It mainly draws up the active power levels that Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) should provide for each quarter hour of the next day by taking into account energy prices of the day-ahead energy market, the forecasted energy production of non-dispatchable renewables and loads. The real-time optimization problem updates the active power set-points of DERs in order to minimize as much as possible the real-time deviations between the actual power exchanged with the utility grid and its scheduled value. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been experimentally tested on an actual microgrid.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"156 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83201469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2019.129652
A. Moudjari, I. Kezzouli, H. Talbi, A. Draa
. Recently, business protocol discovery has taken more attention in the field of web services. This activity permits a better description of the web service by giving information about its dynamics. The latter is not supported by the WSDL language which concerns only the static part. The problem is that the only information available to construct the dynamic part is the set of log files saving the runtime interaction of the web service with its clients. In this paper, a new approach based on the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is proposed to discover the business protocol of web services. The DWT allows reducing the problem space while preserving essential information. It also overcomes the problem of noise in the log files. The proposed approach has been validated using artificially-generated log files. Abstract. Recently, business protocol discovery has taken more attention in the field of web services. This activity permits a better description of the web service by giving information about its dynamics. The latter is not supported by theWSDL language which concerns only the static part. The problem is that the only information available to construct the dynamic part is the set of log files saving the runtime interaction of the web service with its clients. In this paper, a new approach based on the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is proposed to discover the business protocol of web services. The DWT allows reducing the problem space while preserving essential information. It also overcomes the problem of noise in the log files. The proposed approach has been validated using artificially-generated log files.
{"title":"A wavelet-based approach for business protocol discovery of web services from log files","authors":"A. Moudjari, I. Kezzouli, H. Talbi, A. Draa","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2019.129652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2019.129652","url":null,"abstract":". Recently, business protocol discovery has taken more attention in the field of web services. This activity permits a better description of the web service by giving information about its dynamics. The latter is not supported by the WSDL language which concerns only the static part. The problem is that the only information available to construct the dynamic part is the set of log files saving the runtime interaction of the web service with its clients. In this paper, a new approach based on the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is proposed to discover the business protocol of web services. The DWT allows reducing the problem space while preserving essential information. It also overcomes the problem of noise in the log files. The proposed approach has been validated using artificially-generated log files. Abstract. Recently, business protocol discovery has taken more attention in the field of web services. This activity permits a better description of the web service by giving information about its dynamics. The latter is not supported by theWSDL language which concerns only the static part. The problem is that the only information available to construct the dynamic part is the set of log files saving the runtime interaction of the web service with its clients. In this paper, a new approach based on the Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is proposed to discover the business protocol of web services. The DWT allows reducing the problem space while preserving essential information. It also overcomes the problem of noise in the log files. The proposed approach has been validated using artificially-generated log files.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88669160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpas.2018.125943
A. Smoleń, M. Gołębiowski
Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 66(6) 2018 Abstract. This paper describes a numerically efficient method for determining the electrical parameters of axial field permanent magnet machine (AFPM). The presented method aims to accurately determine the back EMF waveform and self-inductance coefficients, while maintaining possibly low computational complexity, which is crucial in case of incorporation of the method in numerical optimization procedure of AFPM construction. The described algorithm is based on 2D FEM with several simplifications. The obtained results have been compared with full 3D FEA conducted with Ansys/Maxwell software, and confirmed by measurements. The result shows that presented method ensures satisfactory accuracy as well as computational time performance.
{"title":"Computationally efficient method for determining the most important electrical parameters of axial field permanent magnet machine","authors":"A. Smoleń, M. Gołębiowski","doi":"10.24425/bpas.2018.125943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpas.2018.125943","url":null,"abstract":"Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech. 66(6) 2018 Abstract. This paper describes a numerically efficient method for determining the electrical parameters of axial field permanent magnet machine (AFPM). The presented method aims to accurately determine the back EMF waveform and self-inductance coefficients, while maintaining possibly low computational complexity, which is crucial in case of incorporation of the method in numerical optimization procedure of AFPM construction. The described algorithm is based on 2D FEM with several simplifications. The obtained results have been compared with full 3D FEA conducted with Ansys/Maxwell software, and confirmed by measurements. The result shows that presented method ensures satisfactory accuracy as well as computational time performance.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81242216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2019.131567
M. Wieczorek, M. Lewandowski, W. Jefimowski
This paper proposes four different cost-effective configurations of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric city bus. A comparison is presented between a battery powered bus (battery bus) and supercapacitor powered bus in two configurations in terms of initial and operational costs. The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery type was used in the battery bus and three of the hybrids. In the first hybrid the battery module was the same size as in the battery bus, in the second it was half the size and in the third it was one third the size. The fourth hybrid used a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery type with the same energy as the LFP battery module in the battery bus. The model of LFP battery degradation is used in the calculation of its lifetime range and operational costs. For the NMC battery and supercapacitor, the manufacturers’ data have been adopted. The results show that it is profitable to use HESS in an electric city bus from both the producer and consumer point of view. The reduction of battery size and added supercapacitor module generates up to a 36% reduction of the initial energy storage system (ESS) price and up to a 29% reduction of operational costs when compared to the battery ESS. By using an NMC battery type in HESS, it is possible to reduce operational costs by up to 50% compared to an LFP battery ESS.
{"title":"Cost comparison of different configurations of a hybrid energy storage system with battery-only and supercapacitor-only storage in an electric city bus","authors":"M. Wieczorek, M. Lewandowski, W. Jefimowski","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2019.131567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2019.131567","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes four different cost-effective configurations of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric city bus. A comparison is presented between a battery powered bus (battery bus) and supercapacitor powered bus in two configurations in terms of initial and operational costs. The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery type was used in the battery bus and three of the hybrids. In the first hybrid the battery module was the same size as in the battery bus, in the second it was half the size and in the third it was one third the size. The fourth hybrid used a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery type with the same energy as the LFP battery module in the battery bus. The model of LFP battery degradation is used in the calculation of its lifetime range and operational costs. For the NMC battery and supercapacitor, the manufacturers’ data have been adopted. The results show that it is profitable to use HESS in an electric city bus from both the producer and consumer point of view. The reduction of battery size and added supercapacitor module generates up to a 36% reduction of the initial energy storage system (ESS) price and up to a 29% reduction of operational costs when compared to the battery ESS. By using an NMC battery type in HESS, it is possible to reduce operational costs by up to 50% compared to an LFP battery ESS.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81303569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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