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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cybercrime COVID-19大流行对网络犯罪的影响
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137933
A. Gryszczyńska
The COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by a cyber pandemic, involving changes in the modi operandi of perpetrators of various crimes, and an infodemic, associated with the spread of disinformation. The article analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cybercrime and presents the latest research on the number of cybercrime cases in Poland and their growth dynamics. It determines the factors that contribute to the commission of a crime and prevent easy identification of criminals. It also suggests the legal and organisational changes that could reduce the number and effects of the most frequently recorded cyberattacks at a time of COVID-19. Particular attention is paid to legal problems of the growing phenomenon of identity theft, and the need to ensure better protection of users from phishing, including through education and proactive security measures consisting in blocking Internet domains used for fraudulent attempts to obtain data and financial resources. © 2021 The Author(s).
COVID-19大流行伴随着网络大流行,涉及各种犯罪行为者的作案手法的变化,以及与虚假信息传播有关的信息大流行。本文分析了COVID-19大流行对网络犯罪的影响,并介绍了波兰网络犯罪案件数量及其增长动态的最新研究。它决定了促成犯罪的因素,并防止容易识别罪犯。报告还建议在2019冠状病毒病期间进行法律和组织变革,以减少记录中最频繁的网络攻击的数量和影响。特别注意日益增长的身份盗窃现象的法律问题,以及确保更好地保护用户免受网络钓鱼的必要性,包括通过教育和积极的安全措施,包括封锁用于欺诈企图获取数据和财务资源的互联网域名。©2021作者。
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引用次数: 8
Manufacturing of ZrO2-Ni graded composites via centrifugal casting in the magnetic field 磁场离心铸造制备ZrO2-Ni梯度复合材料
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.133379
M. Wachowski, R. Kosturek, H. Winkler, A. Miazga, P. Lada, W. Kaszuwara, K. Konopka, J. Zygmuntowicz
The paper presents the possibility of fabricating ceramic-metal composites by an innovative method of centrifugal slip casting in the magnetic field. It was examined whether the use of this method would allow obtaining a gradient concentration of metal particles in the ceramic matrix. In the applied technique, the horizontal rotation axis was used. The study investigated the effect of solid phase content on the properties and microstructure of the products. Water-based suspensions with 35, 40, 45 and 50 vol.% of solid-phase content were prepared with 10 vol.% additional of nickel powder. The viscosity of prepared slurries was considered. The gradient distribution of nickel particles in the zirconia matrix was observed on SEM. Vickers hardness of ZrO2-Ni composites has been measured. The research revealed that the physical properties depend on the volume fraction of solid content and increase as the volume of solid content increases.
提出了一种新型的磁场离心滑移铸造方法制备陶瓷-金属复合材料的可能性。研究了使用这种方法是否允许在陶瓷基体中获得梯度浓度的金属颗粒。在应用技术中,采用水平旋转轴。研究了固相含量对产品性能和组织的影响。在镍粉添加量为10 vol.%的情况下,制备了固相含量分别为35、40、45和50 vol.%的水基悬浮液。考虑了所制备浆料的粘度。通过扫描电镜观察了氧化锆基体中镍颗粒的梯度分布。测定了ZrO2-Ni复合材料的维氏硬度。研究表明,材料的物理性质取决于固体含量的体积分数,并随着固体含量的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 2
Scheduling trucks in a multi-door cross-docking system with time windows 带时间窗的多门交叉对接系统中的货车调度
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPAS.2019.128113
G. Ozden, Inci Sariçiçek
Cross-docking is a strategy that distributes products directly from a supplier or manufacturing plant to a customer or retail chain, reducing handling or storage time. This study focuses on the truck scheduling problem, which consists of assigning each truck to a door at the dock and determining the sequences for the trucks at each door considering the time-window aspect. The study presents a mathematical model for door assignment and truck scheduling with time windows at multi-door cross-docking centers. The objective of the model is to minimize the overall earliness and tardiness for outbound trucks. Simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS) algorithms are proposed to solve largesized problems. The results of the mathematical model and of meta-heuristic algorithms are compared by generating test problems for different sizes. A decision support system (DSS) is also designed for the truck scheduling problem for multi-door cross-docking centers. Computational results show that TS and SA algorithms are efficient in solving large-sized problems in a reasonable time.
交叉对接是一种将产品直接从供应商或制造工厂分发给客户或零售链的策略,减少了处理或存储时间。本文主要研究卡车调度问题,该问题包括将每辆卡车分配到码头的一个门上,并考虑时间窗方面确定每个门上卡车的顺序。研究了多门交叉码头中心带时间窗的门分配和卡车调度数学模型。该模型的目标是最小化出站卡车的整体早到和迟到。提出了模拟退火(SA)和禁忌搜索(TS)算法来解决大规模问题。通过生成不同规模的测试问题,比较了数学模型和元启发式算法的结果。针对多门交叉对接中心的货车调度问题,设计了决策支持系统。计算结果表明,TS和SA算法能够在合理的时间内有效地求解大规模问题。
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引用次数: 2
Wigner transform approach to dynamic-variable partially coherent laser beam characterization 动态变量部分相干激光束表征的Wigner变换方法
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131840
J. Jabczynski, P. Gontar, Ł. Gorajek
1) Background: the modeling, characterization, transformation and propagation of high-power CW laser beams in optical (including fiberoptic) trains and in the atmosphere have become hot topics in laser science and engineering in the past few years. Single-mode output is mandatory for high-power CW laser applications in the military field. Moreover, an unstationary, dynamic operation regime is typical. Recognized devices and procedures for laser-beam diagnostics could not be directly applied because of dynamic behavior and untypical non-Gaussian profiles. 2) Methods: the Wigner transform approach was proposed to characterize dynamically variable high-power CW laser beams with significant deterministic aberrations. Wavefront-sensing measurements by means of the Shack-Hartmann method and decomposition into an orthogonal Zernike basis were applied. 3) Results: deterministic aberration as a result of unstationary thermal-optic effects depending on the averaged power of the laser output was found. Beam quality determined via the Wigner approach was changed in the same way as the measurements of the beam diameter in the far field. 4) Conclusions: such an aberration component seems to be the main factor causing degradation in beam quality and in brightness of high-power CW laser beams.
1)背景:高功率连续波激光束在光学(包括光纤)列车和大气中的建模、表征、变换和传播是近年来激光科学与工程研究的热点问题。单模输出是高功率连续波激光器在军事领域应用的必要条件。此外,一个不稳定的,动态的操作制度是典型的。由于激光束的动态行为和非典型的非高斯分布,公认的激光束诊断设备和程序不能直接应用。2)方法:采用Wigner变换方法对具有明显确定性像差的动态变大功率连续光束进行表征。采用Shack-Hartmann法进行波前传感测量,并将其分解为正交泽尼克基。3)结果:发现了非定常热光效应与激光输出平均功率有关的确定性像差。通过维格纳方法确定的光束质量与远场中光束直径的测量结果相同。4)结论:这种像差分量似乎是导致高功率连续激光器光束质量和亮度下降的主要因素。
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引用次数: 3
Application of X-ray tomography to assess fatigue structural changes in asphalt mixtures 应用x射线断层扫描评估沥青混合料的疲劳结构变化
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPAS.2019.128604
P. Mackiewicz, A. Szydło
The article presents an analysis of the change in air voids in asphalt mixtures subjected to fatigue tests at three temperatures of 0°C, 10°C and 25°C. The X-ray computerized tomography imaging method, XCT, was used to identify the air voids in the samples. The research allowed to determine changes in the content of air voids in subsequent fatigue cycles in the sample area. The relationship between air voids volume and the stiffness modulus value was also determined during fatigue for three temperatures. The largest changes were found in samples with notches at 0°C. The analysis of the change in the content of air voids showed that the micro-cracking nucleation processes develop with the number of fatigue cycles. Using the numerical model finite element method we determined the distribution and change in fatigue damage in the extreme areas of the sample during various stages of fatigue. We found clear relationship between the damage and the increased content of air voids.
本文分析了在0°C、10°C和25°C三种温度下进行疲劳试验的沥青混合料中空隙率的变化。x射线计算机断层扫描成像方法(XCT)用于识别样品中的空气空洞。该研究允许确定试样区域在随后的疲劳循环中空气空洞含量的变化。同时确定了三种温度下的疲劳过程中空隙量与刚度模量的关系。在0°C时,有缺口的样品变化最大。对孔隙含量变化的分析表明,微裂纹成核过程随着疲劳循环次数的增加而发展。采用数值模型有限元法确定了试样在不同疲劳阶段的极端区域疲劳损伤分布及变化规律。我们发现损伤与空气空洞含量增加之间存在明显的关系。
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引用次数: 2
On speeding up nano- and micromechanical calculations for irregular systems with long-range potentials 加快具有长程势的不规则体系的纳微力学计算
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131847
L. Rybarska-Rusinek, E. Rejwer, A. Linkov
. Irregular systems with long-range interactions and multiple clusters are considered. The presence of clusters leads to excessive computational complexity of conventional fast multipole methods (FMM), used for modeling systems with large number of DOFs. To overcome the difficulty, a modification of the classical FMM is suggested. It tackles the very cause of the complication by accounting for higher intensity of fields, generated by clusters in upward and especially in downward translations. Numerical examples demonstrate that, in accordance with theoretical estimations, in typical cases the modified FMM significantly reduces the time expense without loss of the accuracy.
. 考虑了具有远程相互作用和多簇的不规则系统。集群的存在导致传统的快速多极子方法(FMM)的计算复杂度过高,该方法用于具有大量自由度的系统建模。为了克服这一困难,提出了对经典FMM的改进。它解决了复杂的原因,通过计算更高强度的场,产生的集群在向上,特别是在向下翻译。数值算例表明,与理论估计一致,在典型情况下,改进的FMM在不损失精度的情况下显著降低了时间开销。
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引用次数: 1
LQG/LTR control of input-delayed discrete-time systems 输入延迟离散系统的LQG/LTR控制
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130895
D. Horla, A. Królikowski
A simple robust cheap LQG control is considered for discrete-time systems with constant input delay. It is well known that the full loop transfer recovery (LTR) effect measured by error function ∆(z) can only be obtained for minimum-phase (MPH) systems without time-delay. Explicit analytical expressions for ∆z) versus delay d are derived for both MPH and NMPH (nonminimum-phase) systems. Obviously, introducing delay deteriorates the LTR effect. In this context the ARMAX system as a simple example of noise-correlated system is examined. The robustness of LQG/LTR control is analyzed and compared with state prediction control whose robust stability is formulated via LMI. Also, the robustness with respect to uncertain time-delay is considered including the control systems which are unstable in open-loop. An analysis of LQG/LTR problem for noise-correlated systems, particularly for ARMAX system, is included and the case of proper systems is analyzed. Computer simulations of second-order systems with constant time-delay are given to illustrate the performance and recovery error for considered systems and controllers.
针对具有恒定输入延迟的离散系统,研究了一种简单的鲁棒廉价LQG控制方法。众所周知,用误差函数∆(z)测量的全回路传递恢复(LTR)效应只能在无时滞的最小相位(MPH)系统中得到。对于MPH和NMPH(非最小相位)系统,导出了∆z)与延迟d的显式解析表达式。显然,引入延迟会使LTR效应恶化。在此背景下,本文对ARMAX系统作为噪声相关系统的一个简单例子进行了研究。分析了LQG/LTR控制的鲁棒性,并与状态预测控制的鲁棒稳定性进行了比较。同时考虑了不确定时滞下的鲁棒性,包括开环不稳定的控制系统。对噪声相关系统,特别是ARMAX系统的LQG/LTR问题进行了分析,并分析了适当系统的情况。给出了二阶常时滞系统的计算机仿真,以说明所考虑的系统和控制器的性能和恢复误差。
{"title":"LQG/LTR control of input-delayed discrete-time systems","authors":"D. Horla, A. Królikowski","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130895","url":null,"abstract":"A simple robust cheap LQG control is considered for discrete-time systems with constant input delay. It is well known that the full loop transfer recovery (LTR) effect measured by error function ∆(z) can only be obtained for minimum-phase (MPH) systems without time-delay. Explicit analytical expressions for ∆z) versus delay d are derived for both MPH and NMPH (nonminimum-phase) systems. Obviously, introducing delay deteriorates the LTR effect. In this context the ARMAX system as a simple example of noise-correlated system is examined. The robustness of LQG/LTR control is analyzed and compared with state prediction control whose robust stability is formulated via LMI. Also, the robustness with respect to uncertain time-delay is considered including the control systems which are unstable in open-loop. An analysis of LQG/LTR problem for noise-correlated systems, particularly for ARMAX system, is included and the case of proper systems is analyzed. Computer simulations of second-order systems with constant time-delay are given to illustrate the performance and recovery error for considered systems and controllers.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81670885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Computational gait analysis for post-stroke rehabilitation purposes using fuzzy numbers, fractal dimension and neural networks 基于模糊数、分形维数和神经网络的脑卒中后康复步态分析
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.131843
Piotr Prokopowicz, D. Mikołajewski, K. Tyburek, E. Mikołajewska
Computational gait analysis constitutes a useful tool for quantitative assessment of gait disturbances, improving functional diag nosis, assessment of treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progress. There is little research on use of computational gait analysis in neurorehabilitation of post-stroke survivors, but current evidence on its clinical application supports a favorable cost-benefit ratio. The research was conducted among 50 adult people: 25 of them after ischemic stroke constituted the study group, and 25 healthy volunteers constituted the reference group. Study group members were treated for 2 weeks (10 neurorehabilitation sessions). Spatio-temporal gait parameters were assessed before and after therapy and compared using a novel fuzzy-based assessment tool, fractal dimension measurement and gait classification based on artificial neural networks. Measured results of rehabilitation (changes of gait parameters) were statistically relevant and reflected recovery. There is good evidence to extend its use to patients with various gait diseases undergoing neurorehabilitation. However, methodology for properly conducting and interpreting the proposed assessment and analysis procedures, providing validity and reliability of their results remains a key issue. More objective clinical reasoning, based on proposed novel tools, requires further research.
计算步态分析是定量评估步态障碍、改善功能诊断、评估治疗计划和监测疾病进展的有用工具。关于计算步态分析在脑卒中后幸存者神经康复中的应用的研究很少,但目前的临床应用证据支持良好的成本效益比。研究对象为50名成年人,其中25名缺血性中风后的志愿者为研究组,25名健康志愿者为参照组。实验组成员治疗2周(10个神经康复疗程)。采用一种新的基于模糊的评估工具,分形维数测量和基于人工神经网络的步态分类,对治疗前后的时空步态参数进行了评估和比较。康复的测量结果(步态参数的变化)具有统计学相关性,反映了康复。有很好的证据可以将其应用于接受神经康复治疗的各种步态疾病患者。然而,适当地进行和解释拟议的评估和分析程序,提供其结果的有效性和可靠性的方法仍然是一个关键问题。更客观的临床推理,基于提出的新工具,需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 17
The performance of passive methods of detecting island operation implemented in PV inverters during selected disturbances in distribution power grids 研究了光伏逆变器在配电网干扰条件下孤岛运行的被动检测方法的性能
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2020.134658
M. Parol, M. Połecki
Distributed generation is an issue intensively studied in recent years. It concerns, among others protection systems of distributed generation units connected to electric power grids. The main goal of this paper is to present the issue of functional reliability of selected passive loss of mains (LoM) protection systems, i.e. methods of detecting island operation in distribution power grids, which are implemented in PV inverters installed in sample MV and LV grids, typical for Polish conditions. First, different methods of detecting island operation have been distinguished and shortly characterized. Some problems concerning their action have also been presented. Then commonly used passive methods of island grid operation detection have been described. Next sample distribution grid has been presented and chosen disturbances modelled in the grid to test mentioned passive methods have been defined. For each of the determined type of disturbance the dynamic simulation has been carried out, as well as voltage and frequency plots for two selected RES nodes have been recorded and observed. All considered passive methods of island grid operation detection have been implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment. Models of RoCoF, U/OVP and U/ OFP algorithms have been presented in diagrams. Then, results of carried out extensive studies have been shown in tables and discussed. The results are a consequence of a realized research project concerning electric grids in rural areas. Summary, final conclusions, and future research possibilities constitute the last part of the paper. The conclusions are mainly concentrated on evaluation of action of passive methods of island operation detection as well as possibility of using the methods in Polish conditions, particularly in rural distribution grids.
分布式发电是近年来研究的热点问题。除其他外,它还涉及连接到电网的分布式发电机组的保护系统。本文的主要目标是提出所选无源市电损耗(LoM)保护系统的功能可靠性问题,即在配电电网中检测孤岛运行的方法,这些方法在安装在样本中压和低压电网中的光伏逆变器中实现,典型的波兰条件。首先,区分了不同的探测岛屿行动的方法,并对其进行了简要的描述。还提出了有关他们行动的一些问题。然后介绍了常用的岛网运行被动检测方法。接下来给出了一个样本配电网,并定义了在电网中建模的干扰来测试上述无源方法。对于每种确定的扰动类型,都进行了动态仿真,并记录和观察了两个选定的RES节点的电压和频率图。在Matlab/Simulink环境下实现了岛上电网运行检测的所有被动方法。RoCoF、U/OVP和U/ OFP算法的模型以图表形式给出。然后,进行了广泛的研究结果已在表格中显示和讨论。这些结果是一个关于农村电网的研究项目的结果。论文的最后一部分是总结、最终结论和未来研究的可能性。结论主要集中在评估被动岛屿运行检测方法的作用以及在波兰条件下使用这些方法的可能性,特别是在农村配电网中。
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引用次数: 1
Thulium-doped optical fibers for fiber lasers operating at around 2 µm 掺铥光纤用于工作波长在2µm左右的光纤激光器
IF 1.2 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130883
I. Kašík, M. Kamrádek, J. Aubrecht, P. Peterka, O. Podrazký, J. Cajzl, J. Mrázek, P. Honzátko
. The paper deals with spectral and lasing characteristics of thulium-doped optical fibers fabricated by means of two doping techniques, i.e. via a conventional solution-doping method and via a nanoparticle-doping method. The difference in fabrication was the application of a suspension of aluminum oxide nanoparticles of defined size instead of a conventional chloride-containing solution. Samples of thulium-doped silica fibers having nearly identical chemical composition and waveguiding properties were fabricated. The sample fabricated by means of the nanoparticle-doping method exhibited longer lifetime, reflecting other observations and the trend already observed with the fibers doped with erbium and aluminum nanoparticles. The fiber fabricated by means of the nanoparticle-doping method exhibited a lower lasing threshold (by » 20%) and higher slope efficiency (by » 5% rel.). All these observed differences are not extensive and deserve more in-depth research; they may imply a positive influence of the nanoparticle approach on properties of rare-earth-doped fibers for fiber lasers.
. 本文研究了传统溶液掺杂法和纳米粒子掺杂法制备的掺铥光纤的光谱和激光特性。制造上的不同之处在于应用了确定尺寸的氧化铝纳米颗粒悬浮液,而不是传统的含氯化物溶液。制备了化学成分和波导性能几乎相同的掺铥硅纤维样品。通过纳米粒子掺杂方法制备的样品具有更长的寿命,反映了其他观察结果和已经观察到的掺铒和铝纳米粒子纤维的趋势。纳米粒子掺杂制备的光纤具有较低的激光阈值(约为20%)和较高的斜率效率(约为5%)。所有这些观察到的差异并不广泛,值得更深入的研究;这可能意味着纳米粒子方法对光纤激光器中掺稀土光纤的性能有积极的影响。
{"title":"Thulium-doped optical fibers for fiber lasers operating at around 2 µm","authors":"I. Kašík, M. Kamrádek, J. Aubrecht, P. Peterka, O. Podrazký, J. Cajzl, J. Mrázek, P. Honzátko","doi":"10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/BPASTS.2019.130883","url":null,"abstract":". The paper deals with spectral and lasing characteristics of thulium-doped optical fibers fabricated by means of two doping techniques, i.e. via a conventional solution-doping method and via a nanoparticle-doping method. The difference in fabrication was the application of a suspension of aluminum oxide nanoparticles of defined size instead of a conventional chloride-containing solution. Samples of thulium-doped silica fibers having nearly identical chemical composition and waveguiding properties were fabricated. The sample fabricated by means of the nanoparticle-doping method exhibited longer lifetime, reflecting other observations and the trend already observed with the fibers doped with erbium and aluminum nanoparticles. The fiber fabricated by means of the nanoparticle-doping method exhibited a lower lasing threshold (by » 20%) and higher slope efficiency (by » 5% rel.). All these observed differences are not extensive and deserve more in-depth research; they may imply a positive influence of the nanoparticle approach on properties of rare-earth-doped fibers for fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84191368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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