Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139319
. The increasing concern for worldwide energy production is the result of global industrialization and decreasing energy resources. Despite the cost factor, solar energy continues to become more popular due to its long-term nature as a resource and growing conversion efficiency. A dye-sensitized solar cell converts visible light into electricity. The efficient use of dye as a sensitizer is the critical factor in enhancing the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. Natural dyes are found in abundance in leaves, flower petals, roots, and other natural resources. Due to the advantages of natural dyes such as cost-effectiveness, the simpler extraction process, and being environmentally friendly, etc., researchers are working extensively to replace synthetic dyes with natural ones. This paper highlights the various types of natural dyes and their effect on the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.
{"title":"Use of natural dyes for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell: a review","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2021.139319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.139319","url":null,"abstract":". The increasing concern for worldwide energy production is the result of global industrialization and decreasing energy resources. Despite the cost factor, solar energy continues to become more popular due to its long-term nature as a resource and growing conversion efficiency. A dye-sensitized solar cell converts visible light into electricity. The efficient use of dye as a sensitizer is the critical factor in enhancing the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cell. Natural dyes are found in abundance in leaves, flower petals, roots, and other natural resources. Due to the advantages of natural dyes such as cost-effectiveness, the simpler extraction process, and being environmentally friendly, etc., researchers are working extensively to replace synthetic dyes with natural ones. This paper highlights the various types of natural dyes and their effect on the efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"313 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpas.2016.98076
T. Kaczorek
{"title":"Drazin inverse matrix method for fractional descriptor discrete-time linear systems","authors":"T. Kaczorek","doi":"10.24425/bpas.2016.98076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpas.2016.98076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139007
This paper presents the design of a versatile mechanism that can enable new directions in amphibious, all-terrain locomotion. The simple, passive, flapped-paddle can be integrated with several structures that are well-suited for locomotion in terrestrial applications. The flapped-paddle overcomes a serious limitation of the conventional flipper where the net lateral forces generated during oscillatory motion in aquatic environments averages out to zero. The flapped-paddle and its mounting, collectively, rests in natural positions in the aquatic environment so as to maximize hydrodynamic force utilization and consequently the propulsive efficiency. The simplicity of the design enabled us to develop a simulation model that concurs well with experimental results. The results reported in the paper are based on integrating the flapped-paddle with the curved leg of the RHex hexapod robot.
{"title":"FLHex: a flapped-paddle hexapod for all-terrain amphibious locomotion","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2021.139007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.139007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a versatile mechanism that can enable new directions in amphibious, all-terrain locomotion. The simple, passive, flapped-paddle can be integrated with several structures that are well-suited for locomotion in terrestrial applications. The flapped-paddle overcomes a serious limitation of the conventional flipper where the net lateral forces generated during oscillatory motion in aquatic environments averages out to zero. The flapped-paddle and its mounting, collectively, rests in natural positions in the aquatic environment so as to maximize hydrodynamic force utilization and consequently the propulsive efficiency. The simplicity of the design enabled us to develop a simulation model that concurs well with experimental results. The results reported in the paper are based on integrating the flapped-paddle with the curved leg of the RHex hexapod robot.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"176 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138236
. In this paper, design, construction and switching parameters of a self-made optical shutter with scalable aperture were reported. The aim of the study was to obtain the shortest possible switching times, minimum shutter open time and comparable with commercial shutter, the switch-on and switch-off times. For this purpose, numerical simulations were performed using Comsol Multiphysics 5.4. The design of the shutter and the control system have been optimized accordingly to the obtained results of numerical simulations. The optimized design was fabricated in a professional mechanical workshop and operational parameters of the constructed device were investigated. The switching parameters of the shutter, such as opening time, closing time, minimum shutter open time and other parameters were measured. The values of the parameters were determined from a statistical analysis of a sample consisting of 10,000 measurement results. The performed characterization showed that the tested device has the opening time of 0.8 ms, while the closing time is approximately 1 ms. The designed device is characterized by the minimum shutter open time of 6.4 ms.
{"title":"High performance optical shutter design with scalable aperture","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2021.138236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.138236","url":null,"abstract":". In this paper, design, construction and switching parameters of a self-made optical shutter with scalable aperture were reported. The aim of the study was to obtain the shortest possible switching times, minimum shutter open time and comparable with commercial shutter, the switch-on and switch-off times. For this purpose, numerical simulations were performed using Comsol Multiphysics 5.4. The design of the shutter and the control system have been optimized accordingly to the obtained results of numerical simulations. The optimized design was fabricated in a professional mechanical workshop and operational parameters of the constructed device were investigated. The switching parameters of the shutter, such as opening time, closing time, minimum shutter open time and other parameters were measured. The values of the parameters were determined from a statistical analysis of a sample consisting of 10,000 measurement results. The performed characterization showed that the tested device has the opening time of 0.8 ms, while the closing time is approximately 1 ms. The designed device is characterized by the minimum shutter open time of 6.4 ms.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"171 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.134657
It is well known that the parameters of the load, of the motor and of the converter are not known exactly and may vary during the drive system operation. Therefore, adaptive control seems to be a natural choice for drive automation. Unfortunately, the complexity of adaptive controllers forces us to constantly seek balance between the universal theoretical soundness and the ability of practical implementation of the designed control algorithm. A nonlinear approach to adaptive motion control is presented in [5]. It is one of the first contributions using a nonlinear state transformation and backstepping. Its practical importance results from the fact that it allows us to impose hard constraints on the state variables directly and to achieve asymptotic tracking of any reference trajectory satisfying the constraints, despite unknown parameters of a drive. An interesting cooperation of adaptive and algebraic speed estimation laws is proposed in [6] for induction machines. This approach improves stable operation in the considered range of changes of rotor speed and load torque. Although the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive presented in [7] is not an adaptive control system literally, it possesses an important ability to reduce velocity ripples due to periodic disturbances. The disturbances are estimated by an extended Kalman filter and a state feedback controller with feedforward action regulates and compensates for disturbance. Adaptive control is not the only methodology to obtain proper drive operation in the presence of parameter variations. A similar result may be achieved ensuring the system robustness by proper tuning of the state controller parameters. This technique is demonstrated in [8], where coefficients of the controller of PMSM servo-drive are tuned by an artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. Hence, the readers of the Special Section get an interesting opportunity to compare adaptive and robust approaches to the same type of drive with a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The same type of motor is considered in [9]. Smart modification of a classical linear, model-reference adaptive control is presented with the Widrow-Hoff rule used to adjust controller’s coefficients. Originally, the Widrow-Hoff rule was proposed in
{"title":"Adaptive, predictive and neural approaches in drive automation and control of power converters","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2020.134657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2020.134657","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the parameters of the load, of the motor and of the converter are not known exactly and may vary during the drive system operation. Therefore, adaptive control seems to be a natural choice for drive automation. Unfortunately, the complexity of adaptive controllers forces us to constantly seek balance between the universal theoretical soundness and the ability of practical implementation of the designed control algorithm. A nonlinear approach to adaptive motion control is presented in [5]. It is one of the first contributions using a nonlinear state transformation and backstepping. Its practical importance results from the fact that it allows us to impose hard constraints on the state variables directly and to achieve asymptotic tracking of any reference trajectory satisfying the constraints, despite unknown parameters of a drive. An interesting cooperation of adaptive and algebraic speed estimation laws is proposed in [6] for induction machines. This approach improves stable operation in the considered range of changes of rotor speed and load torque. Although the permanent magnet synchronous motor drive presented in [7] is not an adaptive control system literally, it possesses an important ability to reduce velocity ripples due to periodic disturbances. The disturbances are estimated by an extended Kalman filter and a state feedback controller with feedforward action regulates and compensates for disturbance. Adaptive control is not the only methodology to obtain proper drive operation in the presence of parameter variations. A similar result may be achieved ensuring the system robustness by proper tuning of the state controller parameters. This technique is demonstrated in [8], where coefficients of the controller of PMSM servo-drive are tuned by an artificial bee colony optimization algorithm. Hence, the readers of the Special Section get an interesting opportunity to compare adaptive and robust approaches to the same type of drive with a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The same type of motor is considered in [9]. Smart modification of a classical linear, model-reference adaptive control is presented with the Widrow-Hoff rule used to adjust controller’s coefficients. Originally, the Widrow-Hoff rule was proposed in","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"183 2‐3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137937
In the paper we propose a fractional-piecewise-constant-order PID controller and discuss the stability nd robustness of a closed loop system. In stability analysis we use the transform method and include the Nyquist-like criteria. Simulations for designed controllers are performed for the second-order plant with a delay.
{"title":"Stability and robustness analysis of discrete-time fractional-piecewise-constant-order PID controller","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2021.137937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.137937","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we propose a fractional-piecewise-constant-order PID controller and discuss the stability nd robustness of a closed loop system. In stability analysis we use the transform method and include the Nyquist-like criteria. Simulations for designed controllers are performed for the second-order plant with a delay.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.134653
{"title":"Adaptive, nonlinear state transformation-based control of motion in presence of hard constraints","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2020.134653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2020.134653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.134646
. The present work focuses on the fabrication of glass fiber and multifilament discarded fishnet nylon fiber polymer composites with four different fiber compositions. Composites are molded by means of simple hand lay-up methodology with dissimilar layers of the fiber mat. The mechanical characterization (tensile and impact) and thermal analysis of composites have to be investigated. Among the different patterns, hybrid composites reflected better tensile and impact properties as compared to the conventional materials. Morphological characterization was carried out to figure out the de-bonding of fiber/matrix adhesion characteristics of fractured face of tensile testing samples. The result suggests the potential for reuse of discarded fishnet, which constitutes a better alternative for structural work and for possible applications to be used to develop added-value products.
{"title":"Mechanical and morphological characterization of discarded fishnet/glass fiber reinforced polyester composite","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2020.134646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2020.134646","url":null,"abstract":". The present work focuses on the fabrication of glass fiber and multifilament discarded fishnet nylon fiber polymer composites with four different fiber compositions. Composites are molded by means of simple hand lay-up methodology with dissimilar layers of the fiber mat. The mechanical characterization (tensile and impact) and thermal analysis of composites have to be investigated. Among the different patterns, hybrid composites reflected better tensile and impact properties as compared to the conventional materials. Morphological characterization was carried out to figure out the de-bonding of fiber/matrix adhesion characteristics of fractured face of tensile testing samples. The result suggests the potential for reuse of discarded fishnet, which constitutes a better alternative for structural work and for possible applications to be used to develop added-value products.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"206 1‐2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138998
. This paper deals with research on the magnetic bearing control systems for a high-speed rotating machine. Theoretical and experimental characteristics of the control systems with the model algorithmic control (MAC) algorithm and the proportional-derivative (PD) algo - rithm are presented. The MAC algorithm is the non-parametric predictive control method that uses an impulse response model. A laboratory model of the rotor-bearing unit under study consists of two active radial magnetic bearings and one active axial (thrust) magnetic bearing. The control system of the rotor position in air gaps consists of the fast prototyping control unit with a signal processor, the input and output modules, power amplifiers, contactless eddy current sensors and the host PC with dedicated software. Rotor displacement and control current signals were registered during investigations using a data acquisition (DAQ) system. In addition, measurements were performed for various rotor speeds, control algorithms and disturbance signals generated by the control system. Finally, the obtained time histories were presented, analyzed and discussed in this paper
{"title":"Control system with a non-parametric predictive algorithm for a high-speed rotating machine with magnetic bearings","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2021.138998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.138998","url":null,"abstract":". This paper deals with research on the magnetic bearing control systems for a high-speed rotating machine. Theoretical and experimental characteristics of the control systems with the model algorithmic control (MAC) algorithm and the proportional-derivative (PD) algo - rithm are presented. The MAC algorithm is the non-parametric predictive control method that uses an impulse response model. A laboratory model of the rotor-bearing unit under study consists of two active radial magnetic bearings and one active axial (thrust) magnetic bearing. The control system of the rotor position in air gaps consists of the fast prototyping control unit with a signal processor, the input and output modules, power amplifiers, contactless eddy current sensors and the host PC with dedicated software. Rotor displacement and control current signals were registered during investigations using a data acquisition (DAQ) system. In addition, measurements were performed for various rotor speeds, control algorithms and disturbance signals generated by the control system. Finally, the obtained time histories were presented, analyzed and discussed in this paper","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.143831
. The publication reflects the current situation concerning the possibilities of using augmented reality (AR) technology in the field of production technologies with the main intention of creating a tool to increase production efficiency. It is a set of individual steps that respond in a targeted manner to the possible need for assisted service intervention on a specific device. The publication chronologically describes the procedure required for the preparation and processing of a CAD model. For this preparatory process, the PTC software package is used which meets the requirements for each of the individual operations. The first step is the routine preparation of CAD models and assemblies. These are prepared based on real models located on the device, and their shape and dimensions correlate with the dimensions of the model on the device. The second phase is the creation and timing of the disassembly sequence. This will provide the model with complete vector data, which is then paired with the CAD models in AR. This phase is one of the most important. It determines the location of the model concerning its relative position on the device, provides information on the relocation of parts of the model after the sequence is started, and essentially serves as a template for the interactive part of the sequence. The last two phases are used to connect CAD models with vector data, determine their position for the position mark, and prepare the user interface displayed on the output device. The result of this procedure is a functional disassembly sequence, used for assisted service intervention of a worker in the spindle drive of the Emco Mill 55 device.
{"title":"Possibilities of increasing production efficiency by implementing elements of augmented reality","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/bpasts.2022.143831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2022.143831","url":null,"abstract":". The publication reflects the current situation concerning the possibilities of using augmented reality (AR) technology in the field of production technologies with the main intention of creating a tool to increase production efficiency. It is a set of individual steps that respond in a targeted manner to the possible need for assisted service intervention on a specific device. The publication chronologically describes the procedure required for the preparation and processing of a CAD model. For this preparatory process, the PTC software package is used which meets the requirements for each of the individual operations. The first step is the routine preparation of CAD models and assemblies. These are prepared based on real models located on the device, and their shape and dimensions correlate with the dimensions of the model on the device. The second phase is the creation and timing of the disassembly sequence. This will provide the model with complete vector data, which is then paired with the CAD models in AR. This phase is one of the most important. It determines the location of the model concerning its relative position on the device, provides information on the relocation of parts of the model after the sequence is started, and essentially serves as a template for the interactive part of the sequence. The last two phases are used to connect CAD models with vector data, determine their position for the position mark, and prepare the user interface displayed on the output device. The result of this procedure is a functional disassembly sequence, used for assisted service intervention of a worker in the spindle drive of the Emco Mill 55 device.","PeriodicalId":55299,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences","volume":"222 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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