Experimental Mechanics最新文献_第3页

Influence of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Condition on the Mechanical Response of an AlSi-PES Abradable 温度、应变速率和条件对AlSi-PES耐磨材料力学响应的影响

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01211-z

R. Lye, A. Pellegrino, C. Bennett, J. Rouse, P. Agyakwa, G. Zumpano

Background

To improve the efficiency and operational stability of aero-engine compressors, abradable liners are used to facilitate reduced clearances between the blade tips and the surrounding casing. However, their properties are highly variable due to sensitivities in the plasma spraying process and complex in-service phenomena such as blade-casing interactions and thermal ageing. The abradable variability makes it difficult to model blade-casing interactions accurately, leading to suboptimal blade geometries and clearances.

Objective

This study addresses the impact of abradable condition on its mechanical behaviour and on the blade-casing interaction response.

Methods

The response and failure behaviour of an aluminium-silicon-polyester abradable under quasi-static (0.01 s(^{-1})) and high-rate (850 s(^{-1})) loading conditions over a range of temperatures and pre-treatments have been characterised. Pre-treatments representative of various points throughout the lifecycle of an abradable were used.

Results

The abradable exhibited sensitivity to strain rate, temperature, and particularly the state of the polyester phase. Ageing the polyester reduced its compliance, increasing the failure stress by up to 10% at high loading rates compared to the as-sprayed material. In the compacted specimens, ageing increased the failure stress by up to 50%, attributed to enhanced thermal stability from increased polyester crystallinity.

Conclusions

A better understanding of abradables and their failure behaviour will improve compressor blade and abradable system design, enabling optimal tip clearances and enhancing overall engine performance. These tests provided an account of condition-specific compressive failure behaviour, beginning to bridge the gap between phenomenological accounts from experimental blade–abradable rub tests and observed abradable response.

背景：为了提高航空发动机压气机的效率和运行稳定性，使用可磨损衬套来减少叶片尖端与周围机匣之间的间隙。然而，由于等离子喷涂过程的敏感性和复杂的使用现象（如叶片-机匣相互作用和热老化），它们的性能变化很大。可磨损的可变性使得叶片与机匣之间的相互作用难以精确建模，从而导致叶片几何形状和间隙不理想。目的研究磨损条件对其力学性能和叶片-机匣相互作用响应的影响。方法研究了铝硅聚酯耐磨材料在准静态（0.01 s (^{-1})）和高速率（850 s (^{-1})）加载条件下的响应和破坏行为。在整个磨具生命周期中，使用了代表不同点的预处理。结果该耐磨材料对应变速率、温度，特别是聚酯相状态具有敏感性。老化聚酯降低了它的顺应性，增加了高达10的破坏应力% at high loading rates compared to the as-sprayed material. In the compacted specimens, ageing increased the failure stress by up to 50%, attributed to enhanced thermal stability from increased polyester crystallinity.ConclusionsA better understanding of abradables and their failure behaviour will improve compressor blade and abradable system design, enabling optimal tip clearances and enhancing overall engine performance. These tests provided an account of condition-specific compressive failure behaviour, beginning to bridge the gap between phenomenological accounts from experimental blade–abradable rub tests and observed abradable response.

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引用次数: 0

Continuous Visualization of Time-Dependent Deformation of a Hydrogel Surface 水凝胶表面随时间变形的连续可视化

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01209-7

J. Kim, H. Kim, M. Sarntinoranont, A.C. Dunn

Background

Visualizing the deformation of hydrogels at sliding interfaces remains challenging due to their optical transparency, limiting our understanding of time- and history-dependent surface displacement during continuous sliding.

Objective

To visualize and quantify the lateral surface displacement of hydrogel during continuous sliding and correlate this with frictional behavior.

Methods

Fluorescent markers were embedded in hydrogel samples to enable visualization of surface deformation during sliding. Marker positions were recorded via video and tracked across frames, allowing extraction of time-varying displacement of the hydrogel surface in the sliding direction. The surface displacement was measured at various sliding speeds and compared with friction measurements from tribo-rheometry experiments.

Results

The visualization technique successfully revealed significant time- and history-dependent lateral surface displacement in the hydrogel during continuous sliding. The calculated surface displacement over time at different speeds showed patterns that closely resembled the frictional behavior measured in tribo-rheometry experiments, providing direct visual evidence of surface mechanics.

Conclusions

This work establishes a correlation between visually observed surface displacement and measured friction in hydrogels, supporting the previously proposed rate-and-state hydrogel lubrication model.

由于水凝胶的光学透明性，在滑动界面上可视化水凝胶的变形仍然具有挑战性，这限制了我们对连续滑动过程中随时间和历史变化的表面位移的理解。目的可视化和量化水凝胶在连续滑动过程中的侧向表面位移，并将其与摩擦行为联系起来。方法在水凝胶样品中嵌入荧光标记，使滑动过程中表面变形可视化。通过视频记录标记位置，并跨帧跟踪，从而提取水凝胶表面在滑动方向上随时间变化的位移。测量了不同滑动速度下的表面位移，并与摩擦流变实验的摩擦测量结果进行了比较。结果可视化技术成功地揭示了水凝胶在连续滑动过程中显著的随时间和历史变化的侧向表面位移。在不同速度下计算的表面位移随时间的变化模式与摩擦流变学实验中测量的摩擦行为非常相似，为表面力学提供了直接的视觉证据。本研究建立了目视观察到的表面位移和水凝胶中测量到的摩擦之间的相关性，支持了先前提出的速率-状态水凝胶润滑模型。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting Camera Sensor Noise Propagation to Displacement and Strain Maps Retrieved from Checkerboard Patterns with Localized Spectrum Analysis 用局域谱分析预测相机传感器噪声对从棋盘图中提取的位移和应变图的传播

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01207-9

M. Grédiac, F. Sur, A. Vinel, T. Jailin, B. Blaysat

Background

Reliably predicting the metrological performance of full-field measurement systems is a topical issue in the photomechanics community.

Objective

The objective of this paper is to propose predictive equations giving the pixelwise standard deviation distribution of the noise affecting displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard patterns with the Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA).

Methods

Predictive equations already available for the noise in phase distributions are employed to deduce their counterparts for the noise in displacement and strain maps. Two procedures are proposed to improve the reliability of the predictive equations. One is based on filtering the pseudo-periodic signal-dependent component of the noise, the other on the Generalized Anscombe Transform GAT, which stabilizes image noise variance, and thus leads to a better match of one of the assumptions under which the predictive equations are obtained.

Results

The predictive equations given in this paper are validated with synthetic and experimental data.

Conclusions

The predictive equations proposed here enable us to reliably predict image noise propagation to displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard pattern images by LSA.

可靠地预测全场测量系统的计量性能是光力学界的一个热门问题。目的利用局域化谱分析（LSA）从棋盘图中提取影响位移和应变图的噪声，给出其像素标准差分布的预测方程。方法利用相位分布中已有的噪声预测方程，推导位移图和应变图中噪声的预测方程。提出了两种方法来提高预测方程的可靠性。一种是基于滤波噪声的伪周期信号相关分量，另一种是基于广义Anscombe变换GAT，该变换稳定了图像噪声方差，从而使得到预测方程的假设之一更好地匹配。结果本文所建立的预测方程得到了综合数据和实验数据的验证。结论本文提出的预测方程能够可靠地预测图像噪声对由LSA提取的棋盘图案图像的位移图和应变图的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Real-Time High-Precision Digital Twin for Structure Pressure Field Monitoring 用于结构压力场监测的实时高精度数字孪生

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01203-z

P. Lai, T. Gao, Q. Xia, J. Hu, G. Cui, K. Tian

Background

In wind tunnel tests, the requirement for structure pressure field monitoring poses significant challenges to simulations and measurements. Machine-learning data fusion could address this, yet demands an efficiency-precision balanced innovative framework.

Objective

This paper aims to propose a digital twin framework for real-time high-precision pressure field monitoring in wind tunnel tests and utilize historical datasets for smart post-experiment pressure field prediction.

Methods

Four stages constitute this framework: (i) Offline stage I: establishing a surrogate mapping from airflow conditions to reduced-order pressure fields by the proper orthogonal decomposition and Gaussian process regression, (ii) Online stage I: predicting simulation data at target airflow conditions in real time and building pre-trained model, (iii) Online stage II: fusing simulation and experiment data efficiently by transfer learning and generating digital twin for pressure field monitoring, (iv) Offline stage II: constructing digital twin database and predicting pressure fields at new airflow conditions by another surrogate.

Results

In the example of the ONERA M6 wing, the sub-minute established digital twin provides a three-dimensional high-precision pressure field compared with experiment data. Precision of pressure fields for the same wing at new airflow conditions predicted with the digital twin database also surpass simulations. The performance of core methods is investigated and the generalization assessment is conducted on another wing.

Conclusions

The proposed framework efficiently generates the digital twin in high precision and enables smart prediction for new airflow conditions.

在风洞试验中，结构压力场监测的要求对模拟和测量提出了重大挑战。机器学习数据融合可以解决这个问题，但需要一个效率和精度平衡的创新框架。目的提出一种用于风洞试验实时高精度压力场监测的数字孪生框架，并利用历史数据集进行实验后压力场智能预测。方法该框架由四个阶段组成：(i)离线阶段i：通过适当的正交分解和高斯过程回归建立从气流条件到降阶压力场的代理映射；（ii）在线阶段i：实时预测目标气流条件下的模拟数据并建立预训练模型；（iii）在线阶段ii：（iv）离线阶段II：构建数字双胞胎数据库，通过另一个代理对新的气流条件下的压力场进行预测。结果以ONERA M6机翼为例，与实验数据相比，建立的亚分钟数字孪生体提供了三维高精度压力场。在新的气流条件下，用数字孪生数据库预测的同一机翼的压力场精度也超过了模拟。研究了核心方法的性能，并在另一侧进行了泛化评价。结论所提出的框架能够高效、高精度地生成数字孪生体，并能够对新的气流条件进行智能预测。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Recyclable Multilayer Packaging Designs Utilising Controlled Interlayer Adhesion 利用层间附着力控制的可回收多层包装设计的评价

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2

M.C. Mulakkal, C. Ekins, J. Wen, R. Ramchandran, A.C. Taylor, S. Pimenta, M.N. Charalambides

Background

The packaging industry is utilising increased levels of bio-based or recycled plastics and virgin plastic-based packaging is irreplaceable in more demanding applications such as food and pharmaceutical storage where different types of functional plastics are combined in a laminate form to produce multilayered packaging (MLP). Even though MLP are very effective in packaging applications, the typical multilayer format is a barrier to effective recycling, limiting the value and market for the use of recovered materials.

Objective

This article investigates two new multilayer packaging design concepts which enable separation of the constituent layers in MLP. In these designs, the typical thermoset based adhesive layer in MLP is replaced by (i) localised adhesion by patterning surface treatments on the layers (no dedicated tie-layer) and (ii) by a water-soluble adhesive layer.

Methods

T-peel testing is performed to evaluate the level of adhesion. The feasibility of these designs to enable layer separation was also investigated through representative tests that the simulated typical processes of shredding and washing in recycling streams.

Results

The effectiveness of masks to localise surface treatment and thus create regions of higher and lower adhesion was captured in the peel test results for design A. The comparatively low levels of adhesion in design A enabled an easy separation of layers. An excellent adhesive was observed in peel test for design B with water soluble tie layer and the layers were separated by dissolving the tie layer in water.

Conclusions

These concepts targeting the interface between MLP layers can be scaled with MLP complexity. Potentially, a combination of the two strategies could yield an optimal solution, where the total surface area of adhered MLP is reduced due to localised adhesion and a distinct water-soluble adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesive strength comparable to current MLP applications.

包装行业正在利用越来越多的生物基或再生塑料，而原生塑料包装在要求更高的应用中是不可替代的，例如食品和药品存储，其中不同类型的功能塑料以层压板形式组合以生产多层包装（MLP）。尽管MLP在包装应用中非常有效，但典型的多层格式是有效回收的障碍，限制了使用回收材料的价值和市场。目的研究两种新的多层包装设计理念，使MLP的成分层能够分离。在这些设计中，MLP中典型的热固性粘合层被(i)通过在层上进行图案化表面处理（没有专用的粘合层）和（ii）水溶性粘合层所取代。方法采用st剥离试验评价粘附水平。通过模拟回收流中粉碎和洗涤的典型过程的代表性试验，研究了这些设计实现分层分离的可行性。在设计A的剥离测试结果中，捕获了口罩局部表面处理的有效性，从而创建了更高和更低粘附的区域。设计A中相对较低的粘附水平使层易于分离。设计B具有水溶性领带层的剥离试验显示出良好的胶粘剂，通过将领带层溶解在水中进行层间分离。结论这些针对MLP层之间接口的概念可以根据MLP的复杂度进行缩放。两种策略的结合可能会产生最佳解决方案，其中粘附的MLP的总表面积由于局部粘附而减少，并且独特的水溶性粘附层提供了与当前MLP应用相媲美的必要粘附强度。

{"title":"Evaluation of Recyclable Multilayer Packaging Designs Utilising Controlled Interlayer Adhesion","authors":"M.C. Mulakkal, C. Ekins, J. Wen, R. Ramchandran, A.C. Taylor, S. Pimenta, M.N. Charalambides","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The packaging industry is utilising increased levels of bio-based or recycled plastics and virgin plastic-based packaging is irreplaceable in more demanding applications such as food and pharmaceutical storage where different types of functional plastics are combined in a laminate form to produce multilayered packaging (MLP). Even though MLP are very effective in packaging applications, the typical multilayer format is a barrier to effective recycling, limiting the value and market for the use of recovered materials.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article investigates two new multilayer packaging design concepts which enable separation of the constituent layers in MLP. In these designs, the typical thermoset based adhesive layer in MLP is replaced by (i) localised adhesion by patterning surface treatments on the layers (no dedicated tie-layer) and (ii) by a water-soluble adhesive layer.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>T-peel testing is performed to evaluate the level of adhesion. The feasibility of these designs to enable layer separation was also investigated through representative tests that the simulated typical processes of shredding and washing in recycling streams.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The effectiveness of masks to localise surface treatment and thus create regions of higher and lower adhesion was captured in the peel test results for design A. The comparatively low levels of adhesion in design A enabled an easy separation of layers. An excellent adhesive was observed in peel test for design B with water soluble tie layer and the layers were separated by dissolving the tie layer in water.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These concepts targeting the interface between MLP layers can be scaled with MLP complexity. Potentially, a combination of the two strategies could yield an optimal solution, where the total surface area of adhered MLP is reduced due to localised adhesion and a distinct water-soluble adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesive strength comparable to current MLP applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 8","pages":"1199 - 1212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11340-025-01200-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vibration Characteristics of 3D Printed Rigid Photopolymer Metamaterials Infiltrated with Biodegradable Shear Thickening Fluid 生物可降解剪切增稠液渗透3D打印刚性光聚合物超材料的振动特性

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01201-1

F. Scalzo, E. Vaglio

Background

Hybrid metamaterials, obtained by infiltrating biodegradable shear-thickening fluids (STFs) into a porous structure, hold great promise for applications requiring enhanced sustainability and vibration reduction capabilities. However, research into the mechanical behavior of such hybrid materials remains limited.

Objective

The study aims to explore the vibration characteristics of 3D-printed hybrid metamaterials, investigating the effect of topology variation and providing experimental evidence supporting the effectiveness of biodegradable STF filler for vibration damping enhancement.

Methods

The dynamic properties of beam-like specimens integrating different types of metamaterials were evaluated through experimental modal analysis (EMA). Two distinct unit cell topologies, YRS (Y re-entrant structure) and FBCCZ (face and body-centered cell with vertical struts along the z-axis), were tested to observe the effect of geometric variation on the material’s dynamic properties. Additionally, each specimen was analyzed with and without a biodegradable STF filler.

Results

YRS specimens generally achieved better infiltration than FBCCZ specimens, likely due to the easier fluid flow within the structure. Analysis of Variance confirmed that cell topology and STF infiltration had a major influence on the damping behavior of the specimens. The damping ratio of the YRS specimens was, on average, 20% higher than that of the FBCCZ specimens. After STF infiltration, the damping ratio increased by an average of 14% for the FBCCZ specimens and 9% for the YRS specimens.

Conclusions

Results highlighted the superior performance of the hybrid auxetic metamaterial infiltrated with the biodegradable non-Newtonian fluid, offering a sustainable solution for adaptive structural vibration control by utilizing the shear-rate sensitivity of the STF.

混合超材料是通过将可生物降解的剪切增稠流体（stf）渗透到多孔结构中而获得的，在需要增强可持续性和减振能力的应用中具有很大的前景。然而，对这种混合材料的力学行为的研究仍然有限。目的探讨3d打印杂化超材料的振动特性，研究拓扑变化对材料振动特性的影响，为生物可降解STF填料增强材料阻尼振动的有效性提供实验证据。方法采用试验模态分析（EMA）对不同类型超材料组合的梁状试件的动力特性进行评价。测试了两种不同的单元胞拓扑，YRS （Y重入结构）和FBCCZ（面和体为中心，沿z轴垂直支撑的单元胞），以观察几何变化对材料动态性能的影响。此外，每个标本都在有无可生物降解的STF填料的情况下进行了分析。结果syrs试件总体渗透性优于FBCCZ试件，可能是由于结构内流体流动更容易。方差分析证实，胞体拓扑结构和STF浸润对试件的阻尼行为有主要影响。YRS试件的阻尼比FBCCZ试件的阻尼比平均高20%。STF入渗后，FBCCZ和YRS试件的阻尼比平均增加了14%和9%。结论生物可降解非牛顿流体渗透的复合增殖力超材料具有优异的性能，为利用STF的剪切速率敏感性实现自适应结构振动控制提供了一种可持续的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

An Innovative Drop Tower System for Quantifying Cavitation in Soft Biomaterials Under Repeated Mechanical Impacts 一种创新的水滴塔系统，用于量化软质生物材料在重复机械冲击下的空化

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01197-8

C. Kim, M. Kulak, A. Hampson, W. Kang

Background

Soft materials play a key role in biomedical applications due to their high deformability, but they are highly susceptible to damage and degradation under cyclic mechanical loading. The dynamic behavior of biological soft materials, particularly under high strain rates and repeated impacts, has garnered significant research interest related to traumatic injuries; however, these studies remain limited due to experimental challenges.

Objective

This study aims to develop and validate a novel system for non-invasively characterizing the dynamic mechanical responses of soft biomaterials under repeated high-strain-rate impacts and to explore how repeated impacts influence cavitation nucleation thresholds.

Methods

A custom-designed repeated impact tester, combining a conventional drop tower system with custom-built components, was developed. The dynamic characteristics of our novel repeated impact tester were validated through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental confirmation. Experimental validations were performed using 0.75w/v% agarose gel samples to demonstrate the tester’s capabilities.

Results

Our experimental studies, supported by a theoretical model, demonstrated that our new tester enables precise control and measurement of key dynamic characteristics of mechanical impacts. Using a novel non-optical detection method for identifying cavitation events, we tested 0.75w/v% agarose samples and observed that repeated impacts significantly reduce the critical acceleration required to trigger cavitation.

Conclusions

The novel repeated impact tester provides valuable insights into the loading-history-dependent behavior of soft biomaterials, offering a new experimental capability for understanding damage mechanisms and advancing applications in biomedical engineering.

软质材料由于其高可变形性在生物医学应用中发挥着关键作用，但它们在循环机械载荷下极易受到损伤和降解。生物软材料的动态行为，特别是在高应变率和反复冲击下的动态行为，已经引起了与创伤性损伤相关的重要研究兴趣；然而，由于实验方面的挑战，这些研究仍然有限。目的开发并验证一种新的系统，用于无创表征软质生物材料在重复高应变率冲击下的动态力学响应，并探讨重复冲击对空化成核阈值的影响。方法研制了一种定制设计的重复冲击测试仪，将传统的跌落塔系统与定制组件相结合。通过理论建模和实验验证相结合的方法，验证了新型重复冲击试验机的动态特性。使用0.75w/v%琼脂糖凝胶样品进行实验验证，以证明测试仪的能力。在理论模型的支持下，我们的实验研究表明，我们的新测试仪能够精确控制和测量机械冲击的关键动态特性。使用一种新的非光学检测方法来识别空化事件，我们测试了0.75w/v%琼脂糖样品，并观察到反复撞击显著降低了触发空化所需的临界加速度。结论：新型重复冲击试验机为研究软质生物材料的加载历史依赖行为提供了有价值的见解，为理解损伤机制和推进生物医学工程中的应用提供了新的实验能力。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized Specimen for Paperboard Shear Delamination Testing 纸板剪切分层试验的优化试样

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01204-y

M. Ebrahimijamal, A. Biel, J. Tryding, M. Nygårds

Background

The out-of-plane shear behavior of paperboards plays a critical role in converting processes such as creasing and folding. The recently proposed Split Double Cantilever Beam (SDCB) specimen has been used to characterize this behavior using a cohesive zone model, but its large size poses handling challenges.

Objective

This study aims to optimize the SDCB specimen configuration to improve manageability while maintaining the quality of experimental measurements.

Methods

A design of experiments (DOE) approach and finite element analysis incorporating a mixed-mode interface model were used to analyze the influence of key specimen parameters. Shear reaction force and rotation relative to shear deformation were assessed to guide the optimization.

Results

A redesigned SDCB specimen was identified, achieving a 40% reduction in size and weight (retaining 60% of the original dimensions) without compromising the experimental quality. The optimized configuration maintained comparable measurement accuracy to the original design.

Conclusions

The proposed SDCB specimen redesign offers a more manageable experimental setup, enhancing usability in experimental studies while preserving the reliability of shear behavior characterization.

纸板的面外剪切特性在折痕和折叠等转换过程中起着至关重要的作用。最近提出的劈裂双悬臂梁（SDCB）试样已被用于使用内聚区模型来表征这种行为，但其大尺寸带来了处理挑战。目的优化SDCB标本配置，在保证实验测量质量的同时提高可管理性。方法采用试验设计法（DOE）和结合混合模式界面模型的有限元分析方法，分析试件关键参数的影响。评估了剪切反力和相对于剪切变形的旋转，以指导优化。结果重新设计的SDCB样品在不影响实验质量的情况下，尺寸和重量减少了40%（保留了原始尺寸的60%）。优化后的结构保持了与原始设计相当的测量精度。结论提出的SDCB试样重新设计提供了一个更易于管理的实验设置，增强了实验研究的可用性，同时保持了剪切行为表征的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic Effects of Foam Reinforcement and Geometric Parameters on the Mechanics of Re-Entrant Auxetic Structures 泡沫配筋与几何参数对再入式结构力学的协同效应

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01205-x

E. Kucukkalfa, B. Yilmaz, K. Yildiz

Background

Enhancing the energy absorption capacity and strength-to-weight ratio of engineering structures under compression and impact loads is crucial. Auxetic lattice structures, which feature a negative Poisson’s ratio, offer enhanced energy absorption through their geometric designs that cause inward clustering rather than outward expansion under compression, yet typically suffer from low stiffness and load-carrying capacity.

Objective

Rigid polymeric foam reinforcement within the unit cells can substantially improve their mechanical properties, including compressive stiffness and energy absorption. This study examines how polyurethane (PU) foam reinforcement affects re-entrant auxetic lattice structures, considering variations in cell wall thickness and unit cell numbers.

Methods

Utilizing three distinct cell wall thicknesses and three different unit cell numbers while maintaining the overall geometry constant, PU foams are synthesized directly within the unit cells to study the mechanical properties under compression tests.

Results

Comprehensive analyses reveal that both cell wall thickness and unit cell numbers significantly enhance mechanical performance, along with the integration of PU foam which dramatically amplifies energy absorption related properties. Additional data-driven modeling revealed that stiffness and strength are predominantly governed by the number of unit cells, while foam reinforcement enhances energy absorption, validating the deformation mechanisms observed during mechanical testing. Among the configurations tested, the sample with the thickest cell walls and the highest number of unit cells, reinforced with directly synthesized polyurethane foam, demonstrated the most significant improvement, achieving a specific energy absorption of 10.211 MJ/kg, which highlights the critical role of optimal foam integration in boosting the mechanical performance of auxetic structures under compressive loads.

Conclusions

The proposed method effectively enhances the mechanical performance of auxetic lattice structures by integrating PU foam reinforcement, significantly improving compressive stiffness and energy absorption capacity.

背景提高工程结构在压缩和冲击载荷作用下的吸能能力和强重比至关重要。辅助晶格结构具有负泊松比，通过其几何设计提供增强的能量吸收，在压缩下导致向内聚集而不是向外膨胀，但通常具有低刚度和承载能力。目的：对单体胞内的刚性聚合物泡沫进行加固，可显著改善其力学性能，包括抗压刚度和能量吸收。本研究考察了聚氨酯（PU）泡沫增强如何影响重新进入的缺陷晶格结构，考虑到细胞壁厚度和单元胞数的变化。方法在保持整体几何常数的情况下，利用三种不同的壁厚和三种不同的单元胞数，在单元胞内直接合成聚氨酯泡沫，研究其压缩力学性能。结果综合分析表明，胞壁厚度和胞胞数量均显著提高了材料的力学性能，同时聚氨酯泡沫的加入显著提高了材料的吸能性能。额外的数据驱动模型显示，刚度和强度主要取决于单元格的数量，而泡沫加固增强了能量吸收，验证了力学测试中观察到的变形机制。在测试的构型中，直接合成聚氨酯泡沫塑料增强的胞壁最厚、胞胞数量最多的样品改善效果最显著，比能吸收达到10.211 MJ/kg，这凸显了优化泡沫塑料整合对提高压缩载荷下减振结构力学性能的关键作用。结论该方法通过集成PU泡沫加固，有效提高了外加点阵结构的力学性能，显著提高了抗压刚度和吸能能力。

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引用次数: 0

Experiments and Computational Modeling of a Sealed Open Cell Foam in an Underwater Shock Tube 水下激波管内密封开孔泡沫的实验与计算模型

IF 2.4 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01194-x

E. L. Guzas, B. M. Casper, M. A. Babina, I. N. Chenwi, A. Shukla

Background

Open cell foams have recently been used as a simulant for lung parenchyma to model underwater blast injury and thus the foam’s mechanical response characteristics are of interest to the underwater blast community.

Objective

The compressive response of a soft, sealed open cell foam (FlexFoam-iT! VIII) subjected to underwater hydrostatic pressure and shock is investigated through an experimental and computational study.

Methods

Real-time deformation of the foam during loading is captured via high-speed cameras, and a 3D digital image correlation technique calculates the foam’s transient volumetric strain. Fully coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models of the experiments are developed for the FSI code Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), where the Arruda-Boyce hyperelastic model calculates the foam constitutive behavior.

Results

Simulated foam volumetric strains exhibit excellent correlation to shock test data. Hydrostatic experiments show that deformation of the sealed foam under hydrostatic compression is similar to the behavior of compressed air, until reaching volumetric strain levels exceeding 50%. Quasistatic DYSMAS simulations at numerous applied hydrostatic pressures produce volumetric strains between those measured in hydrostatic experiments with sealed foam (lower bound of strain at a given pressure) and in confined compression experiments with unsealed foam (upper bound).

Conclusion

The FSI modeling approach in DYSMAS showed a strong correlation with experimental results. Given this foam's prior successful use in a physical lung simulant, this computational approach is a good candidate for future modeling of human lung tissue response to underwater shock.

最近，开孔泡沫被用作肺实质模拟物来模拟水下爆炸损伤，因此泡沫的力学响应特性引起了水下爆炸界的兴趣。目的研究柔性密封开孔泡沫塑料(FlexFoam-iT！通过实验和计算研究了水下静水压力和冲击作用。方法通过高速摄像机捕捉泡沫在加载过程中的实时变形，并利用三维数字图像相关技术计算泡沫的瞬态体积应变。基于FSI程序动态系统力学高级模拟（DYSMAS），建立了全耦合流固耦合（FSI）实验模型，其中Arruda-Boyce超弹性模型计算了泡沫的本构行为。结果模拟泡沫体应变与冲击试验数据具有良好的相关性。静水实验表明，密封泡沫在静水压缩下的变形与压缩空气的行为相似，直到达到超过50%的体积应变水平。在许多应用静水压力下的准静态DYSMAS模拟产生的体积应变介于密封泡沫静水实验（给定压力下应变的下界）和非密封泡沫密闭压缩实验（上界）中测量的体积应变之间。结论FSI建模方法与实验结果具有较强的相关性。考虑到这种泡沫之前在物理肺部模拟中的成功应用，这种计算方法是未来模拟人体肺组织对水下冲击反应的一个很好的选择。

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引用次数: 0