Experimental Mechanics最新文献_第10页

Development of a P‒T-Model-Based In-Situ Bending Measurement Method for Nanowires: Addressing Mechanical Challenges in High-Precision Experiments 基于p - t模型的纳米线原位弯曲测量方法的发展：解决高精度实验中的机械挑战

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01169-y

Y. Ai, J. Shang, Y. Gong, S. Liu

Background

The in situ mechanical measurement of nanomaterials using microelectromechanical system accessories in electron microscopy has attracted considerable interest because of its ability to combine microstructure responses and stress conditions.

Objective

In this study, an in situ large-deflection longitudinal‒transverse bending measurement technique was developed in a double-cantilever beam system using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Methods

Nonlinear large-strain bending tests of raw and high-temperature-oxidized 3C-silicon carbide (3C-SiC) nanowires (NWs) were performed using TEM. After an explicit polynomial–trigonometric combined-function (P‒T model) was introduced to fit the NW contour in each image frame, a mechanical algorithm based on the fitting curve was proposed to calculate the stress and strain in batches.

Results

Contour modeling analysis using the P‒T model revealed brittle fracture in a 104-nm-diameter SiC NW with a fracture strain of 3.46% and a modulus of 590.8 GPa. Plastic deformation occurred during the bending of a 430-nm-diameter oxidized core–shell SiC-SiO₂ NW, with a fracture strain exceeding 7.07% and a modulus of 42.6 GPa.

Conclusion

Compared with results from other widely used approximation fitting models, the measurement results based on the P‒T method were more accurate and stable. The modulus reduction and brittle‒ductile transition induced by the amorphous oxide layer on the SiC core were demonstrated using the P‒T method.

利用电子显微镜中的微机电系统附件对纳米材料进行原位力学测量，由于其结合微观结构响应和应力条件的能力而引起了人们的广泛关注。目的建立双悬臂梁系统大挠度纵向-横向弯曲的透射电镜原位测量技术。方法采用透射电镜对未加工的和高温氧化的3c -碳化硅纳米线进行了非线性大应变弯曲试验。在引入显式多项式-三角组合函数（P-T模型）对每帧图像的NW轮廓进行拟合后，提出了基于拟合曲线的力学算法来批量计算应力和应变。结果采用P-T模型进行等高线建模分析，发现104 nm SiC NW的脆性断裂，断裂应变为3.46%，模量为590.8 GPa。430 nm直径氧化核壳SiC-SiO2 NW在弯曲过程中发生塑性变形，断裂应变超过7.07%，模量为42.6 GPa。结论与其他常用的近似拟合模型相比，基于P-T法的测量结果更准确、更稳定。用P-T法证明了SiC芯上非晶氧化层诱导的模量降低和脆-韧转变。

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引用次数: 0

A Novel Approach to Dynamic Equi-Biaxial Testing of Thin Flexible Materials Using the Ring-on-Ring Test Method 一种基于环对环试验方法的柔性薄材料动态等双轴测试新方法

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01167-0

K. Goyal, C. Singh, G. Subhash

Background

The current ASTM formulation for determining dynamic ring-on-ring test method is applicable for thick plates and is not suitable for thin plates that can undergo large flexural deformation where membrane stresses dominate.

Objective

The objective is to design and develop a new dynamic ring-on-ring test method with the ability to accurately measure load and visually access the tensile surface of a specimen for tracking failure. It is also aimed to develop a scientifically robust test procedure and analysis method to validate this new design for obtaining accurate biaxial flexural strength of thin flexible plates.

Methods

A unique load-cell assembly that houses a doughnut-shaped loadcell and capable of preloading the loadcell to a desired force level while simultaneously providing an unobstructed line-of-sight for a high-speed camera to capture the evolving damage modes in the specimen is developed. This loadcell assembly is used in a Hopkinson bar setup to test thin glass specimens and determine their dynamic biaxial flexural fracture strength. A new calibration procedure is proposed that accounts for the delay in the force sensed by the loadcell and provides a more accurate measure of the applied dynamic load on the specimen surface. An analysis method that accounts for membrane stresses under axisymmetric loading is developed to determine the biaxial failure strength of thin glass specimens that undergo large flexural deformation.

Results

A loadcell calibration method, an experimental procedure to dynamically test thin flexible specimens, and an analysis method that accounts for membrane stresses were developed. The Experimental results for three types of thin transparent materials reveal that the dynamic flexural failure strength is 40% more than their corresponding quasistatic strength. Radial cracks evolve from a preexisting defect during the biaxial loading and the damage growth rate was determined to be 1570 m/s.

Conclusions

The results reveal that the formulation suggested by the ASTM standard overpredicts the failure strength of thin glass specimen by several times the strength determined by the developed analytical method that accounts for the membrane stress. The analysis procedure provides a repeatable measurement of dynamic biaxial failure strength of flexible thin plates.

背景：目前用于确定动态环对环试验方法的ASTM公式适用于厚板，不适用于薄膜应力占主导地位的薄板，因为薄板可以承受较大的弯曲变形。目的设计和开发一种新的动态环对环测试方法，该方法能够准确测量载荷并直观地访问试样的拉伸表面以跟踪故障。同时，还将开发一种科学可靠的测试程序和分析方法来验证这种新设计，以获得精确的柔性薄板双轴弯曲强度。方法开发了一种独特的测压元件组件，该组件容纳一个甜甜圈形状的测压元件，能够将测压元件预加载到所需的力水平，同时为高速摄像机提供无障碍的视线，以捕捉试样中不断变化的损伤模式。该称重传感器组件用于霍普金森杆装置，用于测试薄玻璃样品并确定其动态双轴弯曲断裂强度。提出了一种新的校准程序，该程序考虑了称重传感器感测力的延迟，并提供了对施加在试样表面的动载荷的更准确的测量。提出了一种考虑轴对称载荷下膜应力的分析方法，用于确定受大弯曲变形的薄玻璃试样的双轴破坏强度。结果建立了称重传感器标定方法、柔性薄试件动态测试的实验程序和考虑薄膜应力的分析方法。对三种透明薄材料的试验结果表明，其动态抗弯破坏强度比准静态强度高40%。在双轴加载过程中，径向裂纹由先前存在的缺陷演变而来，损伤扩展速率为1570 m/s。结论ASTM标准所建议的公式对薄玻璃试样的破坏强度的预测是考虑薄膜应力的分析方法所确定的强度的数倍。分析程序提供了柔性薄板动态双轴破坏强度的可重复测量。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure Clones 组织克隆

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01158-1

K.M. Fitzgerald, W. Gilliland, H. Lim, T. Ruggles, N. Aragon, J.D. Carroll

Background

A material’s microstructure drives its material performance. Contemporary crystal plasticity experiments compare full-field strain measurements of polycrystal specimens to models. Because each specimen is unique, it is impossible to know which features of the observed deformation are deterministic vs statistical; thus, differences between model and experiment may or may not be significant.

Objective

This paper introduces the invention of microstructure clones. Microstructure clones are 2D oligocrystal specimens that have nearly identical microstructures to remedy the aforementioned experimental limitations. Having specimens with nearly identical microstructures will allow for multiple destructive tests of a microstructure (either as repeats or intentionally different experiments), an ability to “see the future” by providing insight into how a specimen will deform, variability quantification, and experimental investigations of response to small microstructural changes.

Methods

This work introduces microstructure clones. Repeatability of these clones is demonstrated in tensile bars of pure nickel. Local strain measurements from digital image correlation are compared between clone specimens and compared to results from a crystal plasticity finite element model.

Results

Two sets of microstructure clones were tested in this study and displayed very consistent deformation responses within each clone set. Small observed differences in deformation invite investigation into microstructure stochasticity and the effect of small microstructural and loading differences.

Conclusions

Microstructure clones represent a significant shift in understanding structure–property relationships. This work reshapes experimental crystal plasticity to allow for experiments that control for specific variables, quantification of microstructural stochasticity (and other sources of stochasticity), and opportunities for replicating experiments.

材料的微观结构决定着材料的性能。当代晶体塑性实验将多晶试样的全场应变测量值与模型进行了比较。因为每个试样都是独一无二的，所以不可能知道观察到的变形的哪些特征是确定性的还是统计性的；因此，模型和实验之间的差异可能显著，也可能不显著。目的介绍微结构克隆的发明。微结构克隆是二维寡晶样品，具有几乎相同的微结构，以弥补上述实验的局限性。具有几乎相同微观结构的样品将允许对微观结构进行多次破坏性测试（作为重复或故意不同的实验），通过洞察样品如何变形，可变性量化和对微小微观结构变化响应的实验研究来“看到未来”的能力。方法引入微结构克隆。在纯镍拉伸棒中证明了这些克隆的重复性。从数字图像相关的局部应变测量比较克隆样品和比较结果从晶体塑性有限元模型。结果本研究测试了两组微观结构克隆，每个克隆组都表现出非常一致的变形响应。观察到的微小变形差异需要研究微观组织的随机性以及微观组织和载荷差异的影响。结论微结构克隆是认识结构-性能关系的重要转变。这项工作重塑了实验晶体的可塑性，以允许控制特定变量的实验，微观结构随机性（和其他随机性来源）的量化，以及复制实验的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Thermodynamic Investigation of Glassy Polycarbonate Under Slow Torsion by Experimentally Characterizing Adiabatic Temperature Rise 用实验表征绝热温升研究玻璃质聚碳酸酯在慢扭转下的热力学

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01156-3

S. Wu, W. Li, L. Zhuo, J. Zhu, G. Xie, W. Zhang, P. Singhatanadgid, D. Zhang

Background

Amorphous polymers are widely employed in engineering applications where their constitutive models need to be verified using characterization data such as synchronous stress–strain and plastic dissipation. It is convenient to conduct slow strain rate experiments, but measuring the adiabatic temperature rise remains challenging because the estimation of the heat transfer still has a lack of accuracy.

Objective

A suitable method was developed for simultaneously measuring stress–strain and adiabatic temperature for polycarbonate subjected to slow torsion (< 1 s⁻¹).

Methods

The thermal and mechanical responses were measured through synchronizing the digital image correlation, IR thermography and the sensors of torsion machine. The related adiabatic temperature can be calculated by prescribing the equivalent heat transfer using a simple convection model, whose coefficient was determined using a parametric fitting based on the measurement of temperature drop after the mechanical loading. To obtain the precise heat calculation, an ideal convection coefficient was established by using the earlier stage of the temperature drop because the primary form of heat transmission at this stage was convection. At last, a plastic work-to-heat conversion model with a Taylor-Quinney coefficient was used to validate the characterized results.

Results

It shows that three and a quarter cycles of reversed cyclic shear strains from -0.51 to 0.43 will result in an increase in the adiabatic temperature of roughly 45˚C. This value agrees well with the theoretical value of about 47 ˚C calculated using the Taylor-Quinney coefficient.

Conclusions

An experimental method for glassy polycarbonate’s thermodynamic investigation under slow torsion is established based on the accurate estimation of adiabatic temperature rise in the presence of heat transfer.

非晶聚合物在工程应用中得到了广泛的应用，其本构模型需要使用同步应力-应变和塑性耗散等表征数据进行验证。进行慢应变速率实验是方便的，但测量绝热温升仍然是一个挑战，因为热传递的估计仍然缺乏准确性。目的建立一种适合于同时测量聚碳酸酯在慢扭转（< 1 s−1）下应力应变和绝热温度的方法。方法采用数字图像相关、红外热像仪和扭扭机传感器同步测量热响应和力学响应。相关绝热温度可通过简单对流模型规定等效换热来计算，其系数由机械加载后的温降测量值通过参数拟合确定。由于该阶段传热的主要形式是对流，因此为了得到精确的热量计算，利用温度下降的前期建立了理想的对流系数。最后，采用具有泰勒-昆尼系数的塑性功热转换模型对表征结果进行了验证。结果表明：在-0.51 ~ 0.43范围内进行3 / 4次反循环剪切应变，可使绝热温度升高约45℃；该数值与Taylor-Quinney系数计算的47℃左右的理论值吻合较好。结论基于热传递条件下绝热温升的精确估算，建立了玻璃聚碳酸酯在慢扭转条件下热力学研究的实验方法。

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引用次数: 0

A Modified Losipescu Method for Evaluating In-Situ Shear Behavior Using High-Temperature X-Ray Computed Tomography 一种改进的Losipescu方法在高温x射线计算机断层扫描中评价原位剪切行为

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01163-4

W. Lu, X. Li, W. Du, R. Huang, Y. Chen, Z. Qu

Background

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are widely used in high-temperature environments, and due to their low shear strength, failure is primarily governed by shear performance. It is imperative to reveal their shear failure mechanism in-situ under high-temperature conditions.

Objective

The in-situ shear test of CMCs under high-temperature conditions was realized through the improved Iosipescu method.

Methods

Based on the traditional Iosipescu method, this study proposes an improved small-scale Iosipescu method with fewer parts and without threaded fastening parts. Furthermore, this method can be applied to high-temperature in-situ loading.

Results

The specimen's stress field and failure mode were obtained via numerical simulation under the improved Iosipescu method. The in-plane shear strength (IPSS) of the 2D-C/SiC composites from room temperature (RT) to 1100 °C was tested under atmospheric conditions using the improved Iosipescu method. The results showed that the IPSS of the 2D-C/SiC composites increased as the temperature rose to 900 °C and then decreased as the temperature continued to rise. Furthermore, the in-situ shear test of 2D-C/SiC composite materials at 900 °C was performed using the improved Iosipescu method. From the analysis of the tomographic images, it can be seen that the specimen had void defects before the load was applied, and as the load increased, composite material damage began to develop along the original defects until the specimen broke and failed. SEM observed the fracture surface of the sample, and the failure modes at different temperatures were obtained, explaining why IPSS changes with temperature.

Conclusions

The improved Iosipescu method is used to measure the high-temperature in-plane shear properties of CMCs and can enable high-temperature in-situ testing.

陶瓷基复合材料（cmc）广泛应用于高温环境中，由于其抗剪强度低，其破坏主要受剪切性能的影响。在高温条件下原位揭示其剪切破坏机制势在必行。目的采用改进的Iosipescu法实现高温条件下cmc的原位剪切试验。方法在传统Iosipescu方法的基础上，提出了一种零件较少、不需要螺纹紧固零件的改进小型Iosipescu方法。此外，该方法可应用于高温原位加载。结果采用改进的Iosipescu方法进行数值模拟，得到了试件的应力场和破坏模式。采用改进的Iosipescu法，在常压条件下测试了2D-C/SiC复合材料在室温~ 1100℃的面内剪切强度（IPSS）。结果表明：当温度升高至900℃时，2D-C/SiC复合材料的IPSS增大，随后随着温度的升高而减小；此外，采用改进的Iosipescu方法对2D-C/SiC复合材料进行了900℃的原位剪切试验。从层析图像分析可以看出，试样在加载前就存在空洞缺陷，随着载荷的增大，复合材料损伤开始沿原缺陷发展，直至试样破裂失效。SEM观察了试样的断裂面，得到了不同温度下的破坏模式，解释了IPSS随温度变化的原因。结论改进的Iosipescu方法可用于测量cmc的高温面内剪切性能，并可进行高温原位测试。

{"title":"A Modified Losipescu Method for Evaluating In-Situ Shear Behavior Using High-Temperature X-Ray Computed Tomography","authors":"W. Lu, X. Li, W. Du, R. Huang, Y. Chen, Z. Qu","doi":"10.1007/s11340-025-01163-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11340-025-01163-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are widely used in high-temperature environments, and due to their low shear strength, failure is primarily governed by shear performance. It is imperative to reveal their shear failure mechanism in-situ under high-temperature conditions.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The in-situ shear test of CMCs under high-temperature conditions was realized through the improved Iosipescu method.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Based on the traditional Iosipescu method, this study proposes an improved small-scale Iosipescu method with fewer parts and without threaded fastening parts. Furthermore, this method can be applied to high-temperature in-situ loading.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The specimen's stress field and failure mode were obtained via numerical simulation under the improved Iosipescu method. The in-plane shear strength (IPSS) of the 2D-C/SiC composites from room temperature (RT) to 1100 °C was tested under atmospheric conditions using the improved Iosipescu method. The results showed that the IPSS of the 2D-C/SiC composites increased as the temperature rose to 900 °C and then decreased as the temperature continued to rise. Furthermore, the in-situ shear test of 2D-C/SiC composite materials at 900 °C was performed using the improved Iosipescu method. From the analysis of the tomographic images, it can be seen that the specimen had void defects before the load was applied, and as the load increased, composite material damage began to develop along the original defects until the specimen broke and failed. SEM observed the fracture surface of the sample, and the failure modes at different temperatures were obtained, explaining why IPSS changes with temperature.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The improved Iosipescu method is used to measure the high-temperature in-plane shear properties of CMCs and can enable high-temperature in-situ testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":"65 5","pages":"683 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasticity Bridges Microscale Martensitic Shear Bands in Superelastic Nitinol 超弹性镍钛诺中的塑性桥接微尺度马氏体剪切带

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01161-6

A. Christison, H. M. Paranjape, S. Daly

Background

Superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) such as nickel-titanium, also known as Nitinol, recover large deformations via a reversible, stress-induced martensitic transformation.

Objective

Partitioning the deformation into the contributions from superelasticity and plasticity and quantifying the interaction between these mechanisms is key to modeling their fatigue behavior.

Methods

We capture these microscopic interactions across many grains using a combination of scanning electron microscopy digital image correlation (SEM-DIC) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Modeling our data as a statistical distribution, we employ a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) soft clustering framework to understand how these mechanisms interact and evolve as a function of global strain.

Results

Our findings show that, under globally-applied uniaxial tensile loading, plasticity bridges deformation in regions where competing positive and negative martensitic shear bands intersect. Early stage transformation-induced plasticity is concentrated at these intersections and forms concurrently with the Lüders-like martensitic transformation front, often appearing with a zig-zag pattern that is linked to compound twinning at the martensite-martensite interface. At higher strains, austenite slip is activated as a second mechanism of plastic deformation.

Conclusions

We propose that this plastic bridging mechanism underpins the prestrain effects previously reported in the literature, where higher prestrains can enhance the fatigue strength of superelastic materials within a given loading mode.

超弹性形状记忆合金（sma），如镍钛，也称为镍钛诺，通过可逆的应力诱导马氏体相变恢复大变形。目的将变形划分为超弹性和塑性两种机制的贡献，并量化这两种机制之间的相互作用是建立其疲劳行为模型的关键。方法我们利用扫描电子显微镜数字图像相关（SEM-DIC）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）的组合来捕捉这些微观相互作用。我们将数据建模为统计分布，采用高斯混合模型（GMM）软聚类框架来理解这些机制如何作为全球应变的函数相互作用和演变。结果表明，在全球范围内施加的单轴拉伸载荷下，塑性桥梁在竞争的正、负马氏体剪切带相交的区域发生变形。早期相变诱导的塑性集中在这些交叉点，并与l德氏体相变前沿同时形成，经常以锯齿形图案出现，与马氏体-马氏体界面的复合孪晶有关。在较高应变下，奥氏体滑移作为塑性变形的第二种机制被激活。我们提出，这种塑性桥接机制支持先前文献中报道的预应变效应，其中较高的预应变可以提高超弹性材料在给定加载模式下的疲劳强度。

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引用次数: 0

On the Cover: An Internal Digital Image Correlation Technique for High-Strain Rate Dynamic Experiments 封面：用于高应变速率动态实验的内部数字图像相关技术

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01162-5

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Sinusoidal Corrugated Dual-Phase Lattice Metamaterials by Additive Manufacturing 增材制造正弦波纹双相晶格超材料的动态力学行为

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01160-7

H. Wang, J. You, Y. Tian, Z. Chen, S. Yin

Background

Additive manufacturing enables lattice metamaterials designed with complex architectures. However, how to design the architecture for greater impact resistance remains not fully explored.

Objective

This study aims to develop bio-inspired dual-phase metamaterials and examine their dynamic performance.

Methods

By mimicking the impact region of mantis shrimp, dual-phase lattices (DPLs) were designed by incorporating reinforcement phase (RP) as sinusoidal corrugated forms with multiple phase differences. Then, those metamaterial composites were fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques with stainless steel powder and compressed under different strain rates.

Results

Under quasi-static compression conditions, DPLs demonstrated superior energy absorption capacity compared to traditional homogeneous lattice materials. For DPLs with various phase architectures, the differences in load-bearing capacity, failure modes, and impact energy dissipation time became more pronounced as strain rate increased. The dual-phase lattice metamaterials showed 2.83 times greater strength values under low-speed impact conditions than those under quasi-static compression, demonstrating excellent strain-rate hardening effects. Failure modes were found to be associated with both RP arrangement patterns and compressive strain rates. However, the shear band propagation paths under low-speed impact were consistent with those observed under quasi-static compression, indicating that RP pattern governed the shear band distribution irrespective of impact velocity.

Conclusions

This work provided valuable insights for the architecture design of lattice metamaterials in dynamic application.

增材制造使晶格超材料设计具有复杂的结构。然而，如何设计具有更大抗冲击性的结构仍未得到充分探索。目的研制仿生双相超材料，并对其动态性能进行研究。方法模拟螳螂虾的冲击区域，将增强相（RP）作为多相位差的正弦波形，设计双相晶格（dpl）。然后，采用增材制造技术，以不锈钢粉为原料，在不同应变速率下进行压缩，制备出这些超材料复合材料。结果在准静态压缩条件下，与传统的均匀晶格材料相比，DPLs具有更好的能量吸收能力。对于不同相结构的DPLs，随着应变率的增加，承载能力、破坏模式和冲击耗能时间的差异更加明显。双相晶格超材料在低速冲击条件下的强度值是准静态压缩条件下的2.83倍，表现出优异的应变速率硬化效果。发现破坏模式与RP排列模式和压缩应变率有关。然而，低速冲击下剪切带的传播路径与准静态压缩下剪切带的传播路径一致，表明无论冲击速度如何，剪切带的分布都以RP模式为主。结论本研究为晶格超材料在动态应用中的结构设计提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of Kolsky Tension Bar Based Dynamic Incremental Strain and Singular Strain Loading Capability 基于动态增量应变和奇异应变加载能力的Kolsky拉力杆的发展

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01159-0

B. Song, T. Martinez, A. Y. Ku, J. Deitz, P. Noell

Background

The multiple loadings in a conventional Kolsky bar test prevent an in-depth understanding of the relationship between microstructure change and load history under dynamic loading.

Objective

In order to correlate the microstructural changes to the dynamic load history, it is necessary to develop a new dynamic test capability that allows the specimen be incrementally deformed with a singular loading for each strain increment.

Methods

A dynamic incremental strain and singular strain loading (DI (epsilon) SϵL) capability based on Kolsky tension bar technique was developed. Different design options and considerations are presented to facilitate the DI (epsilon) SϵL capability such that the user can choose the combination that best meets their test requirements.

Results

To demonstrate the new capability, a dog-bone shaped 316L stainless steel was subjected to a series of dynamic tensile loadings with an incremental strain of ~ 11% for each singular loading test. The 316L stainless steel specimens were subjected to a singular loading but different strains under adiabatic condition. At the same dynamic strain rate, the 316L stainless steel became softer and less ductile under adiabatic condition due to adiabatic heating.

Conclusions

With this new capability, one could decouple the thermosoftening from a conventional dynamic tension test for predictive rate-dependent material model development. The information obtained from this capability may also be used to determine microstructural change and/or damage evolution during dynamic tension testing.

传统的科尔斯基杆试验中的多次加载阻碍了对动态加载下微观结构变化与加载历史之间关系的深入理解。目的为了将微观结构变化与动载荷历史联系起来，有必要开发一种新的动态试验能力，允许试样在每次应变增量的单一载荷下进行增量变形。方法开发基于Kolsky张力杆技术的动态增量应变和奇异应变加载（DI (epsilon) SϵL）能力。提出了不同的设计选项和考虑因素，以促进DI (epsilon) SϵL功能，以便用户可以选择最能满足其测试要求的组合。结果为了证明这种新能力，狗骨型316L不锈钢承受了一系列增量应变为11的动态拉伸载荷% for each singular loading test. The 316L stainless steel specimens were subjected to a singular loading but different strains under adiabatic condition. At the same dynamic strain rate, the 316L stainless steel became softer and less ductile under adiabatic condition due to adiabatic heating.ConclusionsWith this new capability, one could decouple the thermosoftening from a conventional dynamic tension test for predictive rate-dependent material model development. The information obtained from this capability may also be used to determine microstructural change and/or damage evolution during dynamic tension testing.

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the Incident Wave Errors in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test with Machine Learning Method 用机器学习方法分析Hopkinson压杆劈裂试验中入射波误差

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Experimental Mechanics

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-025-01146-5

K. Wang, Y. Wu, X. Zhou, Y. Yu, L. Xu, G. Gao

Background

In Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test, the misalignment of the striker bar leads to waveform errors in the incident wave, which results in inaccurate material mechanical property parameters.

Objective

The goal of this paper is to apply machine learning (ML) method to understand waveform errors in incident waves (error peak-valley features) and investigate the impact of imperfect striker bar on the incident wave.

Methods

ML projects were constructed by developing numerical models to establish waveform databases based on experimental data, and the continuous optimization of ML projects advances the application of a dual-output average curve (DOAC) method simulating the use of two strain gauges for error processing.

Results

The waveform errors were categorized into two types: non-parallel impact and parallel non-coaxial impact by continuously optimizing the ML model through error analysis, successfully understanding up to 24 types of waveforms. DOAC effectively eliminated the bending effect, and the error effects were decomposed into bending effects and other effects.

Conclusion

The high-accuracy ML results provide simple and real-time automatic correction solutions for waveform errors and quantify the errors, closing the loop between numerical simulation and experiments. The error and dispersion coupling effects can be successfully decoupled using DOAC, suggesting that bending waves are the main cause of error effects with the dominant bending effects.

在分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验中，冲击杆的不对准会导致入射波的波形误差，从而导致材料力学性能参数的不准确。目的应用机器学习（ML）方法了解入射波中的波形误差（误差峰谷特征），并研究不完善的冲击杆对入射波的影响。方法以实验数据为基础，建立数值模型建立波形数据库，通过对ML项目的不断优化，促进了双输出平均曲线法（DOAC）的应用，该方法模拟使用两个应变片进行误差处理。结果通过误差分析不断优化ML模型，将波形误差分为非平行冲击和平行非同轴冲击两种类型，成功理解了多达24种波形。DOAC有效地消除了弯曲效应，并将误差效应分解为弯曲效应和其他效应。结论高精度的ML结果为波形误差提供了简单、实时的自动校正方案，实现了误差的量化，完成了数值模拟与实验之间的闭环。使用DOAC可以成功地解耦误差和色散耦合效应，表明弯曲波是误差效应的主要原因，弯曲效应占主导地位。

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引用次数: 0