Bulletin of the History of Medicine最新文献

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Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing ed. by Sarah Star (review) 亨利-丹尼尔与中古英语医学写作的兴起》，莎拉-斯塔编（评论）

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a915273

Claire Burridge

Reviewed by: <ul> <li> Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing ed. by Sarah Star </li> <li> Claire Burridge </li> </ul> Sarah Star, ed. Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022. xii + 212 pp. $55.00 ( 978-1-4875-2953-6). Henry Daniel, an English Dominican friar active in the fourteenth century, is not a household name in the history of medicine, even among many medievalists. Yet, as Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing readily illustrates, Daniel and his surviving Middle English medical treatises (the Liber Uricrisiarum, a diagnostic text on uroscopy, and the so-called Aaron Danielis, a herbal) deserve to be better known and further studied—and not exclusively by medical historians. Edited by Sarah Star, Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing introduces Daniel and the significance of his work, focusing primarily on the major Liber Uricrisiarum, a text produced and revised between c. 1375–82, while also considering his slightly later herbal treatise. Daniel was a pathbreaker in the vernacularization of medicine, a fact to which he alerts his readers: he explicitly [End Page 513] claims to be the first person to write on uroscopy in English. Indeed, Daniel consciously chose to write these works in English—despite the challenges this presented—in order to "increase access to this important knowledge" (p. 4). The present edited volume now "aims to extend Daniel's project" (p. 4) by opening up his work to wider audiences, including historians of medieval medicine, religious communities, and the English language as well as scholars in adjacent and intersecting disciplines, such as philology and lexicology, literary studies, and manuscript studies. The assembled chapters do precisely that, not only contextualizing the development and legacy of the Liber Uricrisiarum but also demonstrating its importance to multiple fields. Star's opening introductory chapter sets out the surprising state of scholarship on Daniel and his works: although the Liber Uricrisiarum was penned "on the cusp of what would become a burgeoning vernacular movement" (p. 3) and contributed to the development of Middle English medical writing, it has remained largely overlooked and understudied. This volume, a product of the Henry Daniel Project at the University of Toronto and a companion to the Liber Uricrisiarum: A Reading Edition, represents an important step in introducing Daniel, his writings, and their long-term significance.1 Following Star's introduction, the volume is divided into two parts: "Contexts" (Chapters 1–3) and "Texts and Legacies" (Chapters 4–7). Faith Wallis' chapter begins Part I, establishing the textual background to the Liber Ur

评论者 Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing ed. by Sarah Star Claire Burridge Sarah Star, ed. Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing.多伦多：多伦多大学出版社，2022 年。xii + 212 pp.$55.00 ( 978-1-4875-2953-6).活跃于 14 世纪的英国多明我会修士亨利-丹尼尔在医学史上并不家喻户晓，即使在许多中世纪学者中也是如此。然而，正如《亨利-丹尼尔与中古英语医学写作的兴起》一书所展示的那样，丹尼尔和他现存的中古英语医学论文（Liber Uricrisiarum，一部关于尿路镜检查的诊断书，以及所谓的 Aaron Danielis，一部草药书）值得被更多人了解和深入研究--而且不仅仅是医学史学者。亨利-丹尼尔和中古英语医学著作的兴起》由莎拉-斯塔（Sarah Star）编辑，介绍了丹尼尔及其著作的意义，主要侧重于约 1375-82 年间创作和修订的主要著作 Liber Uricrisiarum，同时也考虑了他稍晚的草药论文。丹尼尔是医学白话化的开路先锋，他提醒读者注意这一事实：他明确 [尾页 513]声称自己是第一个用英语撰写尿路镜检查的人。事实上，丹尼尔有意识地选择用英语撰写这些著作--尽管这带来了挑战--目的是 "让更多人了解这一重要知识"（第 4 页）。本编辑集现在 "旨在扩展丹尼尔的项目"（第 4 页），向更广泛的读者，包括中世纪医学史、宗教团体和英语语言的历史学家，以及相邻和交叉学科的学者，如语言学和词汇学、文学研究和手稿研究，开放丹尼尔的作品。所收集的章节正是如此，不仅介绍了 Liber Uricrisiarum 的发展背景和遗产，还展示了其对多个领域的重要性。斯塔在开篇的介绍性章节中阐述了有关丹尼尔及其作品的令人惊讶的学术研究现状：尽管《Liber Uricrisiarum》的写作 "正处于日后蓬勃发展的白话文运动的风口浪尖"（第 3 页），并对中古英语医学写作的发展做出了贡献，但它在很大程度上仍被忽视和研究不足。本卷是多伦多大学亨利-丹尼尔项目的成果，也是《Liber Uricrisiarum: A Reading Edition》的配套书，是介绍丹尼尔、他的著作及其长远意义的重要一步1：1 在斯达的引言之后，全书分为两部分："背景"（第 1-3 章）和 "文本与遗产"（第 4-7 章）。Faith Wallis 的章节开始了第一部分，通过展示 "尿科学在西方医学中的中心地位"（第 18 页），并回顾了流传的四部重要拉丁尿科学文献，即 Theophilus 的 De urinis、Isaac Judaeus 的 De urinis、Gilles de Corbeil 的 Carmen de urinis 和 Avicenna 的 Canon，建立了 Liber Uricrisiarum 的文本背景。与传统观点不同的是，丹尼尔的文本并非简单地将早期拉丁文资料翻译成中古英语，而是汇集了一系列资料来源的创新性原创学术著作。在下一章中，温斯顿-布莱克继续探讨作者身份的问题，而将重点放在了亚伦-丹尼尔斯的草药上。通过研究丹尼尔对草药的两个主要来源（Macer Floridus 的 De viribis herbarum 和 Henry of Huntingdon 的 Anglicanus Ortus）进行的 "双重翻译"（第 39 页），即从拉丁文翻译成英文，从诗句翻译成散文，布莱克对丹尼尔的草药知识和他的写作策略提供了丰富的见解。第一部分的最后一章从但以理的文本来源转向他的同时代人：彼得-默里-琼斯（Peter Murray Jones）将丹尼尔和他的作品与当时英国的其他医学作家，尤其是那些来自修道会的作家进行了比较。在此过程中，琼斯总结出了 "丹尼尔作品的新颖之处和与众不同之处"（第 63 页），例如他的目标读者群和对尿路镜检查的重视，以及这些作者更广泛采用的方法，包括纳入预后实验来预测病人的预后。[第 2 部分各章将讨论 Liber Uricrisiarum 的文本和......

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"In All Circumstances": Home Births and Collaborative Health Care in Ireland, 1900-1950 "在任何情况下"：1900-1950 年爱尔兰的家庭分娩与合作保健

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a915268

Cara Delay

summary:

This article examines the development of a collaborative model of home-based reproductive caregiving in Ireland from 1900 to 1950, focusing on the interactions of different practitioners in childbirth cases in the domestic sphere. In Ireland the move to obstetrics and trained nursing and midwifery was gradual, complicated by the needs and wants of ordinary women, who were reluctant to give up their trusted care givers and who actively sought to maintain long-standing domestic health care traditions. The result was a hybrid and collaborative model of domestic reproductive health care, requiring the attention of different practitioners, placing them in the same space, and necessitating that they work together. This dynamic and evolving system provided most pregnant, laboring, and postparturient women with essential reproductive care, but it would be overtaken by hospital-based reproductive medicine by around 1950, remaining only in folklore and memory by the late twentieth century.

摘要:本文研究了1900年至1950年间爱尔兰家庭生殖护理合作模式的发展，重点关注不同从业人员在家庭领域分娩案例中的互动。在爱尔兰，向产科、训练有素的护理和助产的转变是渐进的，普通妇女的需求和愿望使这一转变变得复杂，她们不愿放弃自己信任的护理人员，并积极寻求保持长期的家庭保健传统。其结果是形成了一种混合和合作的家庭生殖保健模式，需要不同从业人员的关注，将他们置于同一空间，并要求他们共同努力。这种充满活力、不断发展的系统为大多数孕妇、产妇和产后妇女提供了基本的生殖保健服务，但到 1950 年左右就被以医院为基础的生殖医学所取代，到 20 世纪晚期只停留在民间传说和记忆中。

引用次数: 0

Lady Ranelagh: The Incomparable Life of Robert Boyle's Sister by Michelle DiMeo (review) 《拉奈拉夫人：罗伯特·博伊尔妹妹无与伦比的生活》，米歇尔·迪梅奥著（评论）

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a905734

Linda Pollock

引用次数: 0

The Histories of HIVs: The Emergence of the Multiple Viruses That Caused the AIDS Epidemics ed. by William H. Schneider (review) 《HIV的历史：导致艾滋病流行的多种病毒的出现》，威廉·H·施耐德主编（综述）

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a905739

Johanna T. Crane

Despite the myriad indignities and frustrations of this topic, the book is decidedly optimistic about the present and future. For example, the past decade’s opioid epidemic forced public and private groups to rethink how drug addiction should be addressed (p. 4). Swelling public support for cannabis reform is another area where Farber believes the country is nearing an inflection point on its willingness to support the War on Drugs as faithfully as heretofore. One poll said that half of those surveyed said all drug offenses should be treated in civil, not criminal, court. Not unrelated to this changing public sentiment, erstwhile drug hawk Joe Biden on the 2000 campaign trail stated, “No one should be incarcerated for drug use [of any kind]” (pp. 1–2). At the same time, Farber is on solid ground when he adds that these same Americans are uneasy about what might replace the fifty-year war: primum non nocere. Despite these startling new developments toward overdue reassessment and reform, Farber and his colleagues do worry that while public support for the War on Drugs has dwindled, the “sunk costs” of this once-believed eternal war might be enough to keep it in business long past its shelf life. “People continue to worry about the financial and human cost of prisons larded with convicted non-violent drug offenders, but prison guard unions, police unions and fraternal organizations, private contractors, and other economic interests fight to keep the drug offender-to-prison pipeline flowing” (p. 2). Do not read this volume for balance, as the authors would likely agree that they are categorical critics of the War of Drugs. But they are reasonable and empirical critics, which very much bolsters their credibility.

尽管这个话题有无数的侮辱和挫折，但这本书对现在和未来都持乐观态度。例如，过去十年阿片类药物的流行迫使公共和私人团体重新思考如何解决毒瘾（第4页）。法伯认为，公众对大麻改革的支持不断扩大，是该国愿意一如既往地忠实支持禁毒战争的另一个转折点。一项民意调查显示，一半的受访者表示，所有毒品犯罪都应该在民事法庭上处理，而不是刑事法庭。与这种不断变化的公众情绪不无关系，前毒枭乔·拜登在2000年的竞选活动中表示，“任何人都不应该因吸毒而被监禁”（第1-2页）。与此同时，法伯补充道，这些美国人对可能取代五十年战争的东西感到不安：primum non-nocere，这是有根据的。尽管在过期的重新评估和改革方面出现了这些令人震惊的新进展，但法伯和他的同事们确实担心，尽管公众对禁毒战争的支持已经减少，但这场曾经被认为是永恒的战争的“沉没成本”可能足以使其长期处于保质期之外。“人们继续担心关押着被定罪的非暴力毒品罪犯的监狱的财务和人力成本，但监狱警卫工会、警察工会和兄弟组织、私人承包商和其他经济利益集团都在努力让毒品罪犯流入监狱”（第2页）。不要为了平衡而阅读这本书，因为作者可能会同意他们是毒品战争的绝对批评者。但他们是理性和实证的批评者，这在很大程度上增强了他们的可信度。

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引用次数: 0

Biotic Borders: Transpacific Plant and Insect Migration and the Rise of Anti-Asian Racism in America, 1890–1950 by Jeannie N. Shinozuka (review) 《生物边界:跨太平洋植物和昆虫的迁徙和美国反亚洲种族主义的兴起，1890-1950》作者:珍妮·n·信冢

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a905736

Helen Anne Curry

suls, diplomats, and public health officials involved in a transnational and multilingual exchange of information. Ermus displays considerable skill in conveying the complexity and nuances of these exchanges, particularly in explaining the mixed messages that originated in Marseille and in commenting on the timescales for the circulation of information. If these are the primary contributions of this book, there are also rich and fascinating discussions of themes that emerge from the case studies that it develops, particularly in chapter 5, which explores ideas about the relationship between illicit trade, disease, and violence in colonial contexts. This chapter also assesses the limited concern about smallpox on slave ships in colonial contexts, prompting reflection on the relationship of responses to plague and smallpox in this period. Overall, this impressive study reminds scholars working on the impact of disease of the importance of evaluating the geographical and political breadth of its reach.

suls、外交官和公共卫生官员参与了跨国和多语言的信息交流。埃尔姆斯在传达这些交流的复杂性和细微差别方面表现出了相当的技巧，特别是在解释源自马赛的混杂信息以及评论信息传播的时间尺度方面。如果这些是本书的主要贡献，那么本书发展的案例研究中也会对主题进行丰富而引人入胜的讨论，特别是在第5章中，该章探讨了殖民地背景下非法贸易、疾病和暴力之间的关系。本章还评估了殖民地背景下对奴隶船上天花的有限关注，促使人们反思这一时期对瘟疫和天花的反应之间的关系。总的来说，这项令人印象深刻的研究提醒了研究疾病影响的学者，评估其影响范围的地理和政治广度的重要性。

引用次数: 0

The Great Plague Scare of 1720: Disaster and Diplomacy in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World by Cindy Ermus (review) 《1720年的瘟疫恐慌：18世纪大西洋世界的灾难与外交》，Cindy Ermus著（评论）

IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a905735

Alexandra Bamji

alleviated worms, sitting on a roasted onion healed hemorrhoids. Ranelagh also exchanged medicinal treatments with foreigners and sent these to Hartlib and, through her friendship with Elizabeth Grey, Countess of Kent, helped identify the authoritative version of common remedies in wide circulation. She also compiled her own recipe books, and it looks like she had remedies based on intricate chemical procedures—limbecks and stills, distillation and calcification, chemical compounds and minerals—which were not sent to Hartlib. She kept the more complicated remedies private because widespread dissemination of them could do harm than good. Ranelagh sent medication to family and friends, for example, hartshorn to rouse Lady Clarendon, and a potion to treat William Penn’s sick son. She was always eager to hear if a remedy worked. She collaborated with her brother on many medical issues, sharing diagnostic information, agreeing on remedies for treatment, and borrowing ingredients. Both were critical of the physicians’ unwillingness to try new remedies. Ranelagh, a firm believer in experience, was particularly incensed by book learning only and by ineffectual doctors who did nothing to help. This biography is part of a growing trend in the cultural history of science to emphasize the role of personal identities and life histories. Ranelagh’s interest in theology and politics alongside her practice of chemistry and medicine are woven together. The chronological, interwoven approach rather than a more thematic analysis of the material does inhibit discerning her actual contribution. DiMeo does an admirable job of uncovering the intellectual pursuits of one of the most admired women of the seventeenth century. Even so, we are often not sure of her actual role, as the author concedes: Boyle’s medical works “probably incorporate more contributions from Lady Ranelagh than we will ever be able to confirm with certainty” (p. 184).

减轻了蠕虫，坐在烤洋葱上治好了痔疮。拉奈拉还与外国人交换了药物治疗方法，并将其送往哈特利卜，通过她与肯特伯爵夫人伊丽莎白·格雷的友谊，帮助确定了广泛流传的常见药物的权威版本。她还编写了自己的食谱，看起来她有基于复杂化学程序的治疗方法——边缘和蒸馏器、蒸馏和钙化、化合物和矿物质——这些都没有送到哈特利卜。她将更复杂的补救措施保密，因为广泛传播这些补救措施可能弊大于利。拉奈拉给家人和朋友送去了药物，例如，哈特肖恩唤醒了克拉伦登夫人，并给威廉·佩恩生病的儿子送去了一剂药水。她总是急切地想知道补救措施是否有效。她与哥哥在许多医疗问题上合作，分享诊断信息，就治疗方法达成一致，并借用原料。两人都对医生不愿尝试新疗法持批评态度。拉奈拉是经验的坚定信徒，他对只靠书本学习和毫无帮助的无能医生尤其愤怒。这本传记是科学文化史上日益增长的趋势的一部分，强调个人身份和生活史的作用。拉奈拉对神学和政治的兴趣，以及她对化学和医学的实践交织在一起。按时间顺序交织的方法，而不是对材料进行更专题的分析，确实阻碍了对她的实际贡献的辨别。DiMeo做了一项令人钦佩的工作，揭示了17世纪最受钦佩的女性之一的智力追求。即便如此，正如作者所承认的那样，我们经常不确定她的实际角色：博伊尔的医学作品“可能包含了拉奈拉夫人的更多贡献，这是我们无法肯定的”（第184页）。

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引用次数: 1

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IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

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IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

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IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

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IF 1 2区哲学 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

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