Bulletin of the History of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Gendered Hormonal Binaries and the Development of the Category of \"Hormone-Dependent Cancers,\" 1940-1980","authors":"Gina Surita","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>summary:</p><p>This article considers the establishment of the category of \"hormone-dependent cancers,\" identified around the middle of the twentieth century as cancers sustained by particular hormones. A comparison of hormonal treatments for prostate cancer and those for breast cancer reveals that the genesis of \"hormone-dependent cancer\" as a biomedical category relied upon assumptions that cast androgens and estrogens as opposing ends of a gendered hormonal binary of health and disease. In the 1930s, cancer researchers claimed \"female sex hormones\" (estrogens) exacerbated breast cancer and \"male sex hormones\" (androgens) prevented it. In the early 1940s, Dr. Charles Huggins applied the opposite logic to the treatment of human prostate cancer, which he determined to be \"hormone-dependent.\" As \"hormone dependency\" was also recognized in human breast cancer over the subsequent decades, estrogen claimed a prominent place in discussions of breast cancer's causation, diagnosis, and treatment. This close association between estrogen and breast cancer contributed to reinterpretations of both biomedical categories.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Books Received*","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915280","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; Books Received* &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Joseph N. Abraham. &lt;em&gt;Kings, Conquerors, Psychopaths: From Alexander to Hitler to the Corporation&lt;/em&gt;. Hidden Hills Press, 2020. xxiv + 308 pp. Ill. n.p. (978-0-578-68059-0). Poonam Bala and Russel Viljoen, eds. &lt;em&gt;Epidemic Encounters, Communities, and Practices in the Colonial World&lt;/em&gt;. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2023. x + 370 pp. Ill. $125.00 (978-1-7936-5122-8). Marie Baudoin. &lt;em&gt;The Art of Childbirth&lt;/em&gt;. Cathy McClive, ed. and trans. The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe: The Toronto Series, 98. New York: Iter Press, 2022. x + 244 pp. Ill. $54.95 (978-1-64959-078-7). Kathleen M. Brown. &lt;em&gt;Undoing Slavery: Bodies, Race, and Rights in the Age of Abolition&lt;/em&gt;. Early American Studies. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023. 448 pp. Ill. $39.95 (978-1-512823271). Katherine Fierlbeck and Gregory P. Marchildon. &lt;em&gt;The Boundaries of Medicare: Public Health Care Beyond the Canada Health Act&lt;/em&gt;. McGill-Queen's/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health, and Society. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2023. x + 196 pp. $34.95 (978-0-2280-1632-8). Lewis A. Grossman. &lt;em&gt;Choose Your Medicine: Freedom of Therapeutic Choice in America&lt;/em&gt;. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. x + 406 pp. Ill. $37.99 (978-0-19-061275-7). Gregory Hanlon. &lt;em&gt;Death Control in the West, 1500–1800: Sex Ratios at Baptism in Italy, France and England&lt;/em&gt;. London: Routledge, 2023. xx + 308 pp. Ill. $39.16 (978-1-03-226758-6). Lisa Haushofer. &lt;em&gt;Wonder Foods: The Science and Commerce of Nutrition&lt;/em&gt;. California Studies in Food and Culture. Oakland: University of California Press, 2023. xii + 178 pp. Ill. $29.95 (978-0-520-39039-3). Heidi Hausse. &lt;em&gt;The Malleable Body: Surgeons, Artisans, and Amputees in Early Modern Germany&lt;/em&gt;. Social Histories of Medicine. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2023. xiv + 274 pp. Ill. $65.00 (978-1-5261-6065-2). Klaus Hoeyer. &lt;em&gt;Data Paradoxes: The Politics of Intensified Data Sourcing in Contemporary Healthcare&lt;/em&gt;. Infrastructures Series. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2023. 314 pp Ill. $50.00 (978-0-262-54541-9). &lt;p&gt;*The &lt;em&gt;Bulletin&lt;/em&gt; reserves freedom of decision as to the publications to be included in this section. Items received, other than those reviewed, are ultimately incorporated into the collection of the Institute of the History of Medicine. &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 527]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; Allan V. Horwitz. &lt;em&gt;Personality Disorders: A Short History of Narcissistic, Borderline, Antisocial, and Other Types&lt;/em&gt;. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2023. xii + 228 pp. $35.00 (978-1-4214-4610-3). Guian A. McKee. &lt;em&gt;Hospital City, Health Care Nation: Race, Capital, and the Costs of American Health Care&lt;/em&gt;. Politics and Culture in Modern America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2023. x + 382 pp. Ill. $45.00 (978-1-5128-2393-6). Kevin McQueeney. &lt;em&gt;A City Without ","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138743897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarettes and Soviets: Smoking in the USSR by Tricia Starks (review)","authors":"Alexei B. Kojevnikov","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915275","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Cigarettes and Soviets: Smoking in the USSR&lt;/em&gt; by Tricia Starks &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Alexei B. Kojevnikov &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Tricia Starks. &lt;em&gt;Cigarettes and Soviets: Smoking in the USSR&lt;/em&gt;. NIU Series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. Ithaca, N.Y..: Cornell University Press, 2022. xx + 302 pp. Ill. $44.95 ( 978-1-5017-6548-3). &lt;p&gt;The Soviet Union was one of the word's main producers and consumers of tobacco products, competing in this widespread habit and unhealthy business, although not quite reaching the levels achieved by the United States. As a basic social phenomenon, smoking did not know political and ideological boundaries, but was not independent from them either. Tricia Starks accumulated a very rich, diverse, and culturally revealing body of sources explaining how the different patterns of manufacturing, selling, and opposing the use of tobacco developed over the seven decades of Soviet history.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Tobacco came to Russia via Western Europe in the seventeenth century, defying initial bans on religious grounds. It was fully legalized by Peter the Great, and by 1900 the country was fully affected by the global epidemic of smoking, which spread wider during World War I. Soldiers and workers whose mass action made the revolution of 1917 filled the halls and streets with the smell of cheap tobacco, but Lenin personally hated smoking and tried to ban it during Bolshevik meetings. In 1920, Commissar of Public Health Nikolai Semashko launched the public propaganda campaign against smoking as damaging to health, but this internationally pathbreaking effort by the first socialist state competed against economic interests of other governmental agencies that wanted to restore tobacco production decimated by the war, provide jobs, and satisfy the demand of revolutionary masses. While health officials and doctors were inventing pioneering methods to encourage and assist cessation, the semicapitalist New Economic Policy economy designed artistically innovative commercials for the booming tobacco factories.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Stalinist industrialization prioritized increased mass production to meet the growing demand. Cessation efforts and sales commercials became less visible, with emphasis more on cultured consumption and quality improvement or the shift from cottage-industry-style cheap tobacco (&lt;em&gt;makhorka&lt;/em&gt;) toward industrially made &lt;em&gt;papirosen&lt;/em&gt; and cigarettes. While consumers were overwhelmingly male, females constituted the bulk of the labor force in the tobacco economy, which achieved &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 518]&lt;/strong&gt; great strides in approaching the \"equal pay for equal work\" goal and promoting women to responsible positions, such as director of the most prestigious Iava factory, Maria Ivanova. While the government message that nicotine was bad for health remained valid, especially for schoolkids, it was not very effective when the same government worshiped St","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients, Disability, Syphilis, and History","authors":"Janet Golden","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>summary:</p><p>This paper explores the experiences of working-class patients treated for tertiary syphilis at the Neurology Dispensary of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the Infirmary for Nervous Disease of the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hospital from 1878 to 1917. Using the twin lenses of medical history and disability history, it foregrounds the struggles of individuals whose physical condition cannot be reversed.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grammars of Progress and Pathology: A Recursive History of Africa, Cancer, and \"Diseases of Civilization\"","authors":"Thandeka Cochrane, David Reubi","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>summary:</p><p>The phrase \"disease of civilization\" and concomitant lexicons, such as \"pathologies of modernization,\" frequently surface across public and global health discourses. This is particularly the case within the framework of cancer research in Africa. In this article, the authors trace the emergence of these grammars of progress at the beginning of the twentieth century as a biomedical lens through which to analyze and frame cancer in Africa. Arguing with Ann Stoler for a recursive understanding of colonial and postcolonial history, the authors follow in detail the lexical shifts and recursions across the twentieth century, as these grammars move from diseases of civilization to development and modernization. In tracing these lexical shifts, they place them within the broader understandings of Africa and the African body as an other against which Euro-America frames itself.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing ed. by Sarah Star (review)","authors":"Claire Burridge","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915273","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt; &lt;span&gt;Reviewed by:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;!-- html_title --&gt; &lt;em&gt;Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing&lt;/em&gt; ed. by Sarah Star &lt;!-- /html_title --&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt; Claire Burridge &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; Sarah Star, ed. &lt;em&gt;Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing&lt;/em&gt;. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2022. xii + 212 pp. $55.00 ( 978-1-4875-2953-6). &lt;p&gt;Henry Daniel, an English Dominican friar active in the fourteenth century, is not a household name in the history of medicine, even among many medievalists. Yet, as &lt;em&gt;Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing&lt;/em&gt; readily illustrates, Daniel and his surviving Middle English medical treatises (the &lt;em&gt;Liber Uricrisiarum&lt;/em&gt;, a diagnostic text on uroscopy, and the so-called &lt;em&gt;Aaron Danielis&lt;/em&gt;, a herbal) deserve to be better known and further studied—and not exclusively by medical historians.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Edited by Sarah Star, &lt;em&gt;Henry Daniel and the Rise of Middle English Medical Writing&lt;/em&gt; introduces Daniel and the significance of his work, focusing primarily on the major &lt;em&gt;Liber Uricrisiarum&lt;/em&gt;, a text produced and revised between &lt;em&gt;c&lt;/em&gt;. 1375–82, while also considering his slightly later herbal treatise. Daniel was a pathbreaker in the vernacularization of medicine, a fact to which he alerts his readers: he explicitly &lt;strong&gt;[End Page 513]&lt;/strong&gt; claims to be the first person to write on uroscopy in English. Indeed, Daniel consciously chose to write these works in English—despite the challenges this presented—in order to \"increase access to this important knowledge\" (p. 4). The present edited volume now \"aims to extend Daniel's project\" (p. 4) by opening up his work to wider audiences, including historians of medieval medicine, religious communities, and the English language as well as scholars in adjacent and intersecting disciplines, such as philology and lexicology, literary studies, and manuscript studies. The assembled chapters do precisely that, not only contextualizing the development and legacy of the &lt;em&gt;Liber Uricrisiarum&lt;/em&gt; but also demonstrating its importance to multiple fields.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Star's opening introductory chapter sets out the surprising state of scholarship on Daniel and his works: although the &lt;em&gt;Liber Uricrisiarum&lt;/em&gt; was penned \"on the cusp of what would become a burgeoning vernacular movement\" (p. 3) and contributed to the development of Middle English medical writing, it has remained largely overlooked and understudied. This volume, a product of the Henry Daniel Project at the University of Toronto and a companion to the &lt;em&gt;Liber Uricrisiarum: A Reading Edition&lt;/em&gt;, represents an important step in introducing Daniel, his writings, and their long-term significance.&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Following Star's introduction, the volume is divided into two parts: \"Contexts\" (Chapters 1–3) and \"Texts and Legacies\" (Chapters 4–7). Faith Wallis' chapter begins Part I, establishing the textual background to the &lt;em&gt;Liber Ur","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"In All Circumstances\": Home Births and Collaborative Health Care in Ireland, 1900-1950","authors":"Cara Delay","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>summary:</p><p>This article examines the development of a collaborative model of home-based reproductive caregiving in Ireland from 1900 to 1950, focusing on the interactions of different practitioners in childbirth cases in the domestic sphere. In Ireland the move to obstetrics and trained nursing and midwifery was gradual, complicated by the needs and wants of ordinary women, who were reluctant to give up their trusted care givers and who actively sought to maintain long-standing domestic health care traditions. The result was a hybrid and collaborative model of domestic reproductive health care, requiring the attention of different practitioners, placing them in the same space, and necessitating that they work together. This dynamic and evolving system provided most pregnant, laboring, and postparturient women with essential reproductive care, but it would be overtaken by hospital-based reproductive medicine by around 1950, remaining only in folklore and memory by the late twentieth century.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"238 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lady Ranelagh: The Incomparable Life of Robert Boyle's Sister by Michelle DiMeo (review)","authors":"Linda Pollock","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a905734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a905734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":"351 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42185351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Histories of HIVs: The Emergence of the Multiple Viruses That Caused the AIDS Epidemics ed. by William H. Schneider (review)","authors":"Johanna T. Crane","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a905739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a905739","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the myriad indignities and frustrations of this topic, the book is decidedly optimistic about the present and future. For example, the past decade’s opioid epidemic forced public and private groups to rethink how drug addiction should be addressed (p. 4). Swelling public support for cannabis reform is another area where Farber believes the country is nearing an inflection point on its willingness to support the War on Drugs as faithfully as heretofore. One poll said that half of those surveyed said all drug offenses should be treated in civil, not criminal, court. Not unrelated to this changing public sentiment, erstwhile drug hawk Joe Biden on the 2000 campaign trail stated, “No one should be incarcerated for drug use [of any kind]” (pp. 1–2). At the same time, Farber is on solid ground when he adds that these same Americans are uneasy about what might replace the fifty-year war: primum non nocere. Despite these startling new developments toward overdue reassessment and reform, Farber and his colleagues do worry that while public support for the War on Drugs has dwindled, the “sunk costs” of this once-believed eternal war might be enough to keep it in business long past its shelf life. “People continue to worry about the financial and human cost of prisons larded with convicted non-violent drug offenders, but prison guard unions, police unions and fraternal organizations, private contractors, and other economic interests fight to keep the drug offender-to-prison pipeline flowing” (p. 2). Do not read this volume for balance, as the authors would likely agree that they are categorical critics of the War of Drugs. But they are reasonable and empirical critics, which very much bolsters their credibility.","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":"360 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45705844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotic Borders: Transpacific Plant and Insect Migration and the Rise of Anti-Asian Racism in America, 1890–1950 by Jeannie N. Shinozuka (review)","authors":"Helen Anne Curry","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a905736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a905736","url":null,"abstract":"suls, diplomats, and public health officials involved in a transnational and multilingual exchange of information. Ermus displays considerable skill in conveying the complexity and nuances of these exchanges, particularly in explaining the mixed messages that originated in Marseille and in commenting on the timescales for the circulation of information. If these are the primary contributions of this book, there are also rich and fascinating discussions of themes that emerge from the case studies that it develops, particularly in chapter 5, which explores ideas about the relationship between illicit trade, disease, and violence in colonial contexts. This chapter also assesses the limited concern about smallpox on slave ships in colonial contexts, prompting reflection on the relationship of responses to plague and smallpox in this period. Overall, this impressive study reminds scholars working on the impact of disease of the importance of evaluating the geographical and political breadth of its reach.","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":"354 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}