Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955172
Jason E Glenn, Geraldlyn R Sanders, Carmaletta Williams, Danielle Binion, Jill N Peltzer
{"title":"\"Just Listen to Us\": The Role of Oral Histories in Decolonizing Academic Medicine.","authors":"Jason E Glenn, Geraldlyn R Sanders, Carmaletta Williams, Danielle Binion, Jill N Peltzer","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2024.a955172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"523-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955171
Shavonne Wong, Norlissa Cooper, Sam Dennison, Paula Fleisher, Aimee Medeiros
{"title":"Flipping the Script-Community Grand Rounds.","authors":"Shavonne Wong, Norlissa Cooper, Sam Dennison, Paula Fleisher, Aimee Medeiros","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2024.a955171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"512-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955173
Kassandra Miller
Today, many patients and health care providers feel they lack sufficient discretionary time to maintain personal health and offer high-quality care. While this problem seems strictly modern, the Roman-era physician Galen of Pergamon also recognized that time scarcity has adverse health effects and proposed strategies to mitigate them. This article critically examines Galen's approach and its relevance today. The study demonstrates that Galen understood time scarcity to affect individuals across divisions of class and civic status and that he believed the time-scarce could, by adopting certain strategies, achieve a kind of good health. Nevertheless, Galen is clear that optimal health demands leisure. Read in the modern day, Galen's arguments highlight how time scarcity can deepen financial and identity-based health inequities while simultaneously transcending typical demographic categories. Though Galen's solutions focus on individual choices, his argument's implications should also encourage modern readers to pursue collective, structural change.
{"title":"Making Time for the Body: Galen on Time Scarcity and Health.","authors":"Kassandra Miller","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955173","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, many patients and health care providers feel they lack sufficient discretionary time to maintain personal health and offer high-quality care. While this problem seems strictly modern, the Roman-era physician Galen of Pergamon also recognized that time scarcity has adverse health effects and proposed strategies to mitigate them. This article critically examines Galen's approach and its relevance today. The study demonstrates that Galen understood time scarcity to affect individuals across divisions of class and civic status and that he believed the time-scarce could, by adopting certain strategies, achieve a kind of good health. Nevertheless, Galen is clear that optimal health demands leisure. Read in the modern day, Galen's arguments highlight how time scarcity can deepen financial and identity-based health inequities while simultaneously transcending typical demographic categories. Though Galen's solutions focus on individual choices, his argument's implications should also encourage modern readers to pursue collective, structural change.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"534-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a929785
Sarah B Rodriguez
Physicians in the twentieth century routinely used episiotomy-a cut made during childbirth-to better facilitate labor, using the evidence of their experiences that it was useful. But physicians were not alone in producing evidence regarding episiotomy and its repair. Here I consider how three groups-male physicians, husbands, and laboring women-were involved in creating evidence and circulating knowledge about episiotomies, specifically, the intention of its repair, the so-called "husband's stitch," to sexually benefit men. By doing so I seek to consider the meanings of evidence within medicine, evidence as a basis for challenging the hegemony of medicine by lay women, and how medical knowledge is produced and shared among physicians and non-physicians.
{"title":"The Creation and Circulation of Evidence and Knowledge in American Medicine through the Lens of the \"Husband's Stitch\".","authors":"Sarah B Rodriguez","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a929785","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a929785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physicians in the twentieth century routinely used episiotomy-a cut made during childbirth-to better facilitate labor, using the evidence of their experiences that it was useful. But physicians were not alone in producing evidence regarding episiotomy and its repair. Here I consider how three groups-male physicians, husbands, and laboring women-were involved in creating evidence and circulating knowledge about episiotomies, specifically, the intention of its repair, the so-called \"husband's stitch,\" to sexually benefit men. By doing so I seek to consider the meanings of evidence within medicine, evidence as a basis for challenging the hegemony of medicine by lay women, and how medical knowledge is produced and shared among physicians and non-physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 1","pages":"93-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955179
{"title":"Books Received.","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2024.a955179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955166
Katja Guenther, Marta Hanson, Daniela Helbig
{"title":"In Memoriam, Natalie C. Köhle (1976-2024).","authors":"Katja Guenther, Marta Hanson, Daniela Helbig","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2024.a955166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"v-xiv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a955174
Benoît Majerus
In 1950, the First World Congress of Psychiatry took place in Paris. Gathering more than two thousand people, the event became a stage where many issues were negotiated for the psychiatric discipline in particular but also for the way of doing science of which the international conference was one of the most widespread practices. Between two wars-World War II and the Cold War-defining the international community was complex. Recently awarded a Nobel Prize for Medicine, psychiatry as a discipline negotiated its boundaries between biological and/or social determinants. This boundary work was framed by a narrative that underlined the novelty of the process-the first congress-and the materiality of a congress that also legitimized itself through a particular place, the Sorbonne in Paris.
{"title":"Tensions of a Discipline: The First World Congress of Psychiatry in Paris, between Global Ambitions and Local Practices.","authors":"Benoît Majerus","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955174","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a955174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1950, the First World Congress of Psychiatry took place in Paris. Gathering more than two thousand people, the event became a stage where many issues were negotiated for the psychiatric discipline in particular but also for the way of doing science of which the international conference was one of the most widespread practices. Between two wars-World War II and the Cold War-defining the international community was complex. Recently awarded a Nobel Prize for Medicine, psychiatry as a discipline negotiated its boundaries between biological and/or social determinants. This boundary work was framed by a narrative that underlined the novelty of the process-the first congress-and the materiality of a congress that also legitimized itself through a particular place, the Sorbonne in Paris.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 4","pages":"564-586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2024.a929786
Mike Winstead
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects mostly women and disproportionately Black women. Until the 1940s, SLE was rarely diagnosed in Black Americans, reflecting racist medical beliefs about Black immunity. In the 1940s and 1950s, SLE and its treatment were part of a patriarchal narrative of American industrialization. By the 1960s, newer diagnostic techniques increased recognition of SLE, especially among Black women; medical thinking about SLE shifted from external causes like infection or allergy to autoimmunity, which emphasized biological, genetically determined racial difference. In the 1970s and 1980s, an advocacy structure crystalized around memoirs by women with SLE, which emphasized the experiences of able-bodied, economically privileged white women, while Black feminist health discourse and SLE narratives by Black authors grappled with SLE's more complicated intersections. Throughout the twentieth century, SLE embodied immunity as a gendered, racialized, and culturally invested process.
{"title":"\"A Person Like Me\": Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Gender, and Racial Immunity in the Twentieth-Century United States.","authors":"Mike Winstead","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a929786","DOIUrl":"10.1353/bhm.2024.a929786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects mostly women and disproportionately Black women. Until the 1940s, SLE was rarely diagnosed in Black Americans, reflecting racist medical beliefs about Black immunity. In the 1940s and 1950s, SLE and its treatment were part of a patriarchal narrative of American industrialization. By the 1960s, newer diagnostic techniques increased recognition of SLE, especially among Black women; medical thinking about SLE shifted from external causes like infection or allergy to autoimmunity, which emphasized biological, genetically determined racial difference. In the 1970s and 1980s, an advocacy structure crystalized around memoirs by women with SLE, which emphasized the experiences of able-bodied, economically privileged white women, while Black feminist health discourse and SLE narratives by Black authors grappled with SLE's more complicated intersections. Throughout the twentieth century, SLE embodied immunity as a gendered, racialized, and culturally invested process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"98 1","pages":"122-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a915272
Myles W. Jackson
<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Sounding Bodies: Music and the Making of Biomedical Science</em> by Peter Pesic <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Myles W. Jackson </li> </ul> Peter Pesic. <em>Sounding Bodies: Music and the Making of Biomedical Science</em>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2022. 408 pp. Ill. $55.00 ( 978-0-262-04635-0). <p>There have been a number of works over the years in the history of science that detail the importance of music to the development of physical theory and experimentation. The same has not been true of the role of music in the biological and medical sciences. Peter Pesic's work goes a long way in filling that substantial void. By tracing the development of biology and medicine over two and a half millennia, Pesic convincingly demonstrates that while the influences of music and sound were certainly substantial, they were rather different from those that shaped the physical sciences.</p> <p>Pesic's tome is divided into four parts based on themes, which are organized chronologically. Part I takes us to the ancient origins of the quadrivium. Pythagorean thought, for example, shaped the rational medicine of the Hippocrates and his followers, who insisted that numbers regulated critical moments in the development of diseases in the body. Plato considered medicine as a paradigm for the practice of philosophy as it could heal the souls suffering from ignorance and delusion. Herophilus linked musical ratios with the health and illness of the pulse. And subsequent scholars, such as Galen, elucidated upon the connection between musical ratios and pulses. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, music was seen as a treatment of melancholia. In addition to this important medical practice, the theoretical link between astronomy and music was forged by Robert Grosseteste, Marsilio Ficino, and of course Johannes Kepler, who famously argued that musical harmony was the essence of "the soul," which animated humans, animals, the earth, and even the cosmos.</p> <p>Part II details what Pesic refers to as "the sonic turn." This section details how the human body was no longer seen as being composed of the four humors but rather was viewed as comprising fibers and organs that could respond to sonic vibrations. In short, sound became for scholars a powerful resource in reconceptualizing how living organisms respond to stimuli. By the eighteenth century, sound became an important diagnostic tool for a number of physicians. For example, Austrian physician Leopold Auenbrugger invented the technique of percussion, and the nineteenth-century French physician René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec, who was a skilled flautist and carved his own wooden flutes, invented the stethoscope and the technique of clinical auscultation.</p> <p>Part III addresses the ways in which sounds were employed in understanding and treating mental illness. On the one hand, Gaetano Brunetti wonderfully captured the musical fascination with mania, a
评论者： Sounding Bodies：音乐与生物医学科学的形成，彼得-佩西奇著，迈尔斯-W-杰克逊译，彼得-佩西奇译。发声的身体：音乐与生物医学科学的形成》。麻省剑桥：麻省理工学院出版社，2022 年。408 pp.55.00美元（978-0-262-04635-0）。多年来，有许多科学史著作详细介绍了音乐对物理理论和实验发展的重要性。但音乐在生物和医学科学中的作用却并非如此。彼得-佩西奇的著作极大地填补了这一实质性空白。通过追溯两千五百多年来生物学和医学的发展历程，佩西奇令人信服地证明，音乐和声音的影响固然巨大，但与物理科学的影响却大相径庭。佩西奇的这部巨著按主题分为四个部分，并按时间顺序编排。第一部分将我们带入四分法的古代起源。例如，毕达哥拉斯思想塑造了希波克拉底及其追随者的理性医学，他们坚持认为数字调节着人体疾病发展的关键时刻。柏拉图认为医学是哲学实践的典范，因为它可以治愈饱受无知和妄想之苦的灵魂。希罗菲勒斯将音乐比例与脉搏的健康和疾病联系在一起。后来的学者，如盖伦，阐明了音乐比率与脉搏之间的联系。在中世纪和文艺复兴时期，音乐被视为一种治疗忧郁症的方法。除了这一重要的医疗实践之外，罗伯特-格罗塞特斯特、马西利奥-菲奇诺，当然还有约翰内斯-开普勒，都在天文学和音乐之间建立了理论联系，开普勒曾提出一个著名的观点，即音乐和谐是 "灵魂 "的本质，它赋予人类、动物、地球甚至宇宙以活力。第二部分详细介绍了佩西奇所说的 "声音转向"。这一部分详细介绍了人体如何不再被视为由四种体液组成，而是被视为由能够对声波振动做出反应的纤维和器官组成。简而言之，声音成为学者们重新认识生物体如何对刺激做出反应的强大资源。到十八世纪，声音成为许多医生的重要诊断工具。例如，奥地利医生利奥波德-奥恩布鲁格（Leopold Auenbrugger）发明了叩诊技术，十九世纪法国医生勒内-泰奥菲尔-希亚辛特-拉内克（René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec）是一位吹笛能手，他自己雕刻木笛，发明了听诊器和临床听诊技术。第三部分探讨了声音在理解和治疗精神疾病方面的应用。一方面，加埃塔诺-布鲁内蒂（Gaetano Brunetti）在其 1781 年创作的 Il Maniático 交响乐中精彩地捕捉到了狂躁症的音乐魅力。另一方面，德国医生弗朗茨-梅斯梅尔（Franz Mesmer）发明了一种被称为动物磁疗的治疗方法--后来又称为梅斯梅尔主义--他利用 [尾页 512]音乐使病人的精神和身体状态发生波动。法国神经学家让-马丁-沙尔科--他的学生包括西格蒙德-弗洛伊德、阿尔弗雷德-比奈、乔治-吉勒-德拉图雷特和约瑟夫-巴宾斯基--使用塔姆琴，使病人陷入深度催眠睡眠。第四部分深入探讨了声音如何被用于人类有限的听力范围之外，以研究自然现象，如蝙蝠的夜间飞行和超声波在临床诊断中的重要性。佩西奇研究了路易吉-加尔瓦尼（Luigi Galvani）关于电流与肌肉活动之间关系的著名研究、埃米尔-杜布瓦-雷蒙德（Emil Du Bois-Reymond）关于肌肉收缩与电流的研究，以及赫尔曼-冯-亥姆霍兹（Hermann von Helmholtz）利用音叉测量电流通过青蛙肌肉的速度。佩西奇告诉我们，二十世纪的声波技术被用于研究神经功能，声波设备使神经活动变得清晰可闻，并在隔离和定位单个神经元方面发挥了关键作用，最初是通过电话，后来是通过扬声器放大神经元的输出。文中有许多音乐和声音的例子，这些例子都链接到一个网站，这样读者在阅读时就能听到这些声音。虽然有些学者会错过...
{"title":"Sounding Bodies: Music and the Making of Biomedical Science by Peter Pesic (review)","authors":"Myles W. Jackson","doi":"10.1353/bhm.2023.a915272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2023.a915272","url":null,"abstract":"<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Sounding Bodies: Music and the Making of Biomedical Science</em> by Peter Pesic <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Myles W. Jackson </li> </ul> Peter Pesic. <em>Sounding Bodies: Music and the Making of Biomedical Science</em>. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2022. 408 pp. Ill. $55.00 ( 978-0-262-04635-0). <p>There have been a number of works over the years in the history of science that detail the importance of music to the development of physical theory and experimentation. The same has not been true of the role of music in the biological and medical sciences. Peter Pesic's work goes a long way in filling that substantial void. By tracing the development of biology and medicine over two and a half millennia, Pesic convincingly demonstrates that while the influences of music and sound were certainly substantial, they were rather different from those that shaped the physical sciences.</p> <p>Pesic's tome is divided into four parts based on themes, which are organized chronologically. Part I takes us to the ancient origins of the quadrivium. Pythagorean thought, for example, shaped the rational medicine of the Hippocrates and his followers, who insisted that numbers regulated critical moments in the development of diseases in the body. Plato considered medicine as a paradigm for the practice of philosophy as it could heal the souls suffering from ignorance and delusion. Herophilus linked musical ratios with the health and illness of the pulse. And subsequent scholars, such as Galen, elucidated upon the connection between musical ratios and pulses. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, music was seen as a treatment of melancholia. In addition to this important medical practice, the theoretical link between astronomy and music was forged by Robert Grosseteste, Marsilio Ficino, and of course Johannes Kepler, who famously argued that musical harmony was the essence of \"the soul,\" which animated humans, animals, the earth, and even the cosmos.</p> <p>Part II details what Pesic refers to as \"the sonic turn.\" This section details how the human body was no longer seen as being composed of the four humors but rather was viewed as comprising fibers and organs that could respond to sonic vibrations. In short, sound became for scholars a powerful resource in reconceptualizing how living organisms respond to stimuli. By the eighteenth century, sound became an important diagnostic tool for a number of physicians. For example, Austrian physician Leopold Auenbrugger invented the technique of percussion, and the nineteenth-century French physician René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec, who was a skilled flautist and carved his own wooden flutes, invented the stethoscope and the technique of clinical auscultation.</p> <p>Part III addresses the ways in which sounds were employed in understanding and treating mental illness. On the one hand, Gaetano Brunetti wonderfully captured the musical fascination with mania, a","PeriodicalId":55304,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.1353/bhm.2023.a915278
Beatrix Hoffman
<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>All Health Politics Is Local: Community Battles for Medical Care and Environmental Health</em> by Merlin Chowkwanyun <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Beatrix Hoffman </li> </ul> Merlin Chowkwanyun. <em>All Health Politics Is Local: Community Battles for Medical Care and Environmental Health</em>. Studies in Social Medicine. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. xii + 338 pp. Ill. $29.95 ( 978-1-4696-6767-6). <p>In 2019, General Iron, a polluting scrap metal company, began to relocate from Chicago's affluent Lincoln Park neighborhood to a poor Latinx community on the city's southeast side. Both the previous mayor, Rahm Emanuel, and the new one, Lori Lightfoot, encouraged the move. But after three years of protests by southeast side residents, including a monthlong hunger strike and a federal civil rights lawsuit, the city withdrew General Iron's permit.</p> <p>With both the Green New Deal and Medicare for All facing daunting political obstacles, this is an excellent time to pay closer attention to environmental and health care activism at the neighborhood level. Merlin Chowkwanyun's <em>All Health Politics Is Local: Community Battles for Medical Care and Environmental Health</em> provides the invigorating analysis we need to begin to assess the efficacy and possibilities of community action to defend the public's health. Taking as a starting <strong>[End Page 523]</strong> point Tip O'Neill's adage that "all politics is local," Chowkwanyun argues that historians of U.S. health politics have synthesized national developments at the expense of variation at the grassroots. To address this deficiency, <em>All Health Politics Is Local</em> presents examples from New York, Los Angeles, Cleveland, and Central Appalachia "to identify cross-cutting and common themes across places while preserving local uniqueness" (p. 5). Utilizing this ingenious comparative structure, Chowkwanyun incisively evaluates six ground-level political battles around industrial pollution and medical care.</p> <p>While the case studies, which take place from the 1950s through the 1970s, are organized geographically, readers will also find it useful to read the themed chapters alongside each other. Four of the chapters are about community fights around hospital and clinic care, and two are about environmental health movements. In New York, neighborhood groups, health workers' unions, and medical organizations protested the city's strategy to shut down some of its public hospitals and affiliate the rest with academic medical centers. They won their demand for a new Gouverneur Hospital on the Lower East Side but lost the larger battle against affiliation, primarily due to the overwhelming fiscal pressures on cities in the 1970s. In Los Angeles, activists in the wake of the Watts uprising led a movement for a new public hospital. Here Chowkwanyun's comparative approach provides crucial insights, since the loc
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