Spermatogenesis is a function that is sensitive to a wide range of factors, and in the 1980s–90s it was hypothesized that semen, the sperm cell that is easy to obtain, could be a public health indicator. Since the 2000s, studies of large cohorts of men who have analyzed the characteristics of their semen and the cross-referencing of these data with data from health registers have shed light on this hypothesis. This paper presents these studies and examines the possible links between the quality of human sperm and men's overall health. Compared with men with normal sperm production, men with impaired semen characteristics appear to have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, as well as a reduced life expectancy. Although further work is still needed to clarify these links, the results of these studies reinforce the initial hypothesis and highlight the importance of considering men with impaired semen quality as people whose health is at risk. In this context, it seems necessary to take a new look at these men and to offer them a follow-up and preventive health attitudes.
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