Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.013
Hélène Hanaire
The artificial pancreas, or automated insulin delivery system, or closed loop, conceptualized for many years, has become an accessible reality for persons living with type 1 diabetes in recent years. The level of evidence for the effectiveness and safety of using this system is now high for persons living with type 1 diabetes and is enriched day by day in specific situations such as different ages of life, pregnancy, and other types of diabetes. This review retraces the elements that led to the construction of this technological achievement, the modalities of the functioning of closed loop systems, and the scientific data from controlled and real-life studies. It addresses the possible ways of improvement of the currently available systems, with the aim of optimizing their performance and improving the quality of life of patients by reducing the burden related to diabetes. It addresses the organizational aspects necessary to facilitate patients access to diabetes technologies and the perspectives of widening closed-loop indications.
{"title":"Histoire, actualités et perspectives du pancréas artificiel","authors":"Hélène Hanaire","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The artificial pancreas, or automated insulin delivery system, or closed loop, conceptualized for many years, has become an accessible reality for persons living with type 1 diabetes in recent years. The level of evidence for the effectiveness and safety of using this system is now high for persons living with type 1 diabetes and is enriched day by day in specific situations such as different ages of life, pregnancy, and other types of diabetes. This review retraces the elements that led to the construction of this technological achievement, the modalities of the functioning of closed loop systems, and the scientific data from controlled and real-life studies. It addresses the possible ways of improvement of the currently available systems, with the aim of optimizing their performance and improving the quality of life of patients by reducing the burden related to diabetes. It addresses the organizational aspects necessary to facilitate patients access to diabetes technologies and the perspectives of widening closed-loop indications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Pages 47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.001
Jean-Marc Léger Rédacteur-en-chef Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine
{"title":"À nos lecteurs","authors":"Jean-Marc Léger Rédacteur-en-chef Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Page 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.005
Pierre Laurent-Puig
{"title":"Discussion à propos de la communication : « Intérêt de la détection de l’ADN tumoral circulant dans les cancers colorectaux en 2025 »","authors":"Pierre Laurent-Puig","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Page 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.003
Didier Houssin
{"title":"Xénogreffe : le serpent de mer ressort la tête","authors":"Didier Houssin","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Page 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.05.017
Yvon Lebranchu
The history of xenotransplantation in the twentieth century has evolved in successive waves bringing hopes and disappointments. The first was that of the Lyon transplant pioneers, Alexis Carrel and Mathieu Jaboulay, who, having developed a technique for performing vascular anastomoses, performed the first xenografts of pig and goat kidneys, unknowingly describing hyperacute rejection with thrombosis and necrosis of the graft. The first successes of kidney allografts and the shortage of grafts triggered a second wave in the sixties with xenografts of organs from primates close to humans but with graft survival that did not exceed a few weeks, due to the lack of effective immunosuppression. The discovery of new immunosuppressants at the end of the twentieth century and the identification of the mechanisms of hyperacute rejection once again raised great hopes with xenografts of pig organs. Unfortunately, the discovery of porcine retroviruses in the pig genome and the possibility of triggering a global pandemic imposed a moratorium of around twenty years before progress in biotechnology made it possible to take a new step, perhaps decisive this time, in 2021.
{"title":"Espoirs et déceptions de la xénotransplantation au vingtième siècle","authors":"Yvon Lebranchu","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The history of xenotransplantation in the twentieth century has evolved in successive waves bringing hopes and disappointments. The first was that of the Lyon transplant pioneers, Alexis Carrel and Mathieu Jaboulay, who, having developed a technique for performing vascular anastomoses, performed the first xenografts of pig and goat kidneys, unknowingly describing hyperacute rejection with thrombosis and necrosis of the graft. The first successes of kidney allografts and the shortage of grafts triggered a second wave in the sixties with xenografts of organs from primates close to humans but with graft survival that did not exceed a few weeks, due to the lack of effective immunosuppression. The discovery of new immunosuppressants at the end of the twentieth century and the identification of the mechanisms of hyperacute rejection once again raised great hopes with xenografts of pig organs. Unfortunately, the discovery of porcine retroviruses in the pig genome and the possibility of triggering a global pandemic imposed a moratorium of around twenty years before progress in biotechnology made it possible to take a new step, perhaps decisive this time, in 2021.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Pages 16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), are among the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by inevitable recurrence and poor prognosis despite multimodal therapeutic strategies. Recent evidence has highlighted the crucial role of specialized membrane protrusions named tumor microtubes (TMs), which interconnect glioma cells into multicellular networks. These TMs enable direct intercellular communication via gap junctions, facilitating the exchange of ions and small molecules, and significantly contributing to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, invasion, and recurrence. While tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), shorter and transient structures also found in gliomas, have been clearly demonstrated to transfer organelles and microRNAs (miRs), the potential involvement of TMs in miR transfer remains to be experimentally confirmed. MiRs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and play pivotal roles in glioma oncogenesis, influencing proliferation, invasion, and treatment resistance. This review synthesizes recent advances regarding the structure, functions, and clinical implications of TMs in gliomas, with a particular focus on their potential role in intercellular miR transfer. We discuss current knowledge gaps and highlight the need for rigorous experimental studies investigating TM-mediated miRNA transfer. A clearer understanding of these mechanisms could open new therapeutic avenues, including strategies aiming at disrupting TM-based networks or exploiting TMs as innovative vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic miRs into the tumor niche.
{"title":"Les microtubes tumoraux dans les gliomes : mécanismes, implications dans le développement tumoral et perspectives de recherche","authors":"Arthur Leclerc , Jérôme Levallet , Evelyne Emery , Guénaëlle Levallet","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), are among the most aggressive primary brain tumors, characterized by inevitable recurrence and poor prognosis despite multimodal therapeutic strategies. Recent evidence has highlighted the crucial role of specialized membrane protrusions named tumor microtubes (TMs), which interconnect glioma cells into multicellular networks. These TMs enable direct intercellular communication via gap junctions, facilitating the exchange of ions and small molecules, and significantly contributing to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, invasion, and recurrence. While tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), shorter and transient structures also found in gliomas, have been clearly demonstrated to transfer organelles and microRNAs (miRs), the potential involvement of TMs in miR transfer remains to be experimentally confirmed. MiRs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and play pivotal roles in glioma oncogenesis, influencing proliferation, invasion, and treatment resistance. This review synthesizes recent advances regarding the structure, functions, and clinical implications of TMs in gliomas, with a particular focus on their potential role in intercellular miR transfer. We discuss current knowledge gaps and highlight the need for rigorous experimental studies investigating TM-mediated miRNA transfer. A clearer understanding of these mechanisms could open new therapeutic avenues, including strategies aiming at disrupting TM-based networks or exploiting TMs as innovative vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic miRs into the tumor niche.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Pages 57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.014
Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin , Patrick Castel , Fred Paccaud , Patrick Maison , Joël Ankri , Conseil scientifique de l'ANSM
Decisions regarding public health safety rely on scientific expertise, yet their impact hinges on how well they are understood and accepted by society as a whole. This article, drawn from the work of the Scientific Council (CS) of the ANSM, examines the conditions that facilitate better public engagement with these decisions. It highlights the tensions between knowledge production, its synthesis, political demands, and social expectations, particularly in the context of health crises that may amplify uncertainties and public perception of them. The analysis underscores that transparency alone is insufficient; it must be accompanied by clear communication about the inherent uncertainty in scientific data. Two key areas of reflection are thus proposed: enhancing the visibility and credibility of scientific discourse in the public sphere, and improving our understanding of citizens’ perceptions. The article also emphasizes the value of an earlier and more collaborative dialogue between scientific expertise and society, supported by social sciences and an education in scientific knowledge.
{"title":"Expertise scientifique, débat public et décisions de sécurité sanitaire","authors":"Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin , Patrick Castel , Fred Paccaud , Patrick Maison , Joël Ankri , Conseil scientifique de l'ANSM","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decisions regarding public health safety rely on scientific expertise, yet their impact hinges on how well they are understood and accepted by society as a whole. This article, drawn from the work of the Scientific Council (CS) of the ANSM, examines the conditions that facilitate better public engagement with these decisions. It highlights the tensions between knowledge production, its synthesis, political demands, and social expectations, particularly in the context of health crises that may amplify uncertainties and public perception of them. The analysis underscores that transparency alone is insufficient; it must be accompanied by clear communication about the inherent uncertainty in scientific data. Two key areas of reflection are thus proposed: enhancing the visibility and credibility of scientific discourse in the public sphere, and improving our understanding of citizens’ perceptions. The article also emphasizes the value of an earlier and more collaborative dialogue between scientific expertise and society, supported by social sciences and an education in scientific knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Pages 70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2025.11.001
Louis Bujan
While the traditional paradigm asserted that viral elimination takes place after acute illness, contemporary insights reveals that the male genital tract may act as an independent reservoir, as evidenced by the lasting presence of various viruses associated with emerging epidemics in human semen, even far beyond the initial acute illness. The presence of viral genomes and competent viruses in semen exposes recovered patients to a risk of delayed sexual transmission, sometimes several weeks or months after the infectious episode. This risk has been demonstrated for certain viruses, such as Zika and Ebola, and is suspected for others. Beyond the possible consequences of viral infection on spermatogenesis, the persistence of the virus in semen has implications for natural procreation but also for assisted reproductive technologies, where virologic safety must be ensured. This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge on this subject and highlights the gaps that exist for certain viruses. Research in this area needs to be developed, in particular to describe the mechanisms involved in this persistence and to better identify periods of prolonged excretion. Public health policies must incorporate the new conceptual framework of possible delayed sexual transmission of certain viruses and therefore consider the presence of the virus in semen as a critical factor in decision-making algorithms designed to counsel and support infected individuals, as well as in formulating individual preventive strategies, recommendations for medically assisted reproduction and collective public health measures.
{"title":"Épidémies virales émergentes et persistance du virus dans le sperme : un risque latent de transmission sexuelle ?","authors":"Louis Bujan","doi":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.banm.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the traditional paradigm asserted that viral elimination takes place after acute illness, contemporary insights reveals that the male genital tract may act as an independent reservoir, as evidenced by the lasting presence of various viruses associated with emerging epidemics in human semen, even far beyond the initial acute illness. The presence of viral genomes and competent viruses in semen exposes recovered patients to a risk of delayed sexual transmission, sometimes several weeks or months after the infectious episode. This risk has been demonstrated for certain viruses, such as Zika and Ebola, and is suspected for others. Beyond the possible consequences of viral infection on spermatogenesis, the persistence of the virus in semen has implications for natural procreation but also for assisted reproductive technologies, where virologic safety must be ensured. This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge on this subject and highlights the gaps that exist for certain viruses. Research in this area needs to be developed, in particular to describe the mechanisms involved in this persistence and to better identify periods of prolonged excretion. Public health policies must incorporate the new conceptual framework of possible delayed sexual transmission of certain viruses and therefore consider the presence of the virus in semen as a critical factor in decision-making algorithms designed to counsel and support infected individuals, as well as in formulating individual preventive strategies, recommendations for medically assisted reproduction and collective public health measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"210 1","pages":"Pages 23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00307-3
{"title":"Index des mots-cles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00307-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00307-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"209 9","pages":"Pages 1259-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00296-1
{"title":"Sommaire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00296-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0001-4079(25)00296-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55317,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin De L Academie Nationale De Medecine","volume":"209 9","pages":"Pages v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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