Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2002.102.2.93
J. Dardis, E. Walsh
Abstract:Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has become one of the most important crop diseases in small-grain cereal production The FHB pathogen lowers grain yield and quality, and under favourable conditions it can also produce mycotoxins that pose a serious risk to animal and human health. Because environmental factors play a significant role in the spread of FHB, it is essential to evaluate control strategies under Irish growing conditions. This paper reviews the findings of the first major field research project to investigate control of Fusarium head blight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ireland We examined two approaches to controlling the disease a short-term approach based on the use of fungicides and a longer-term approach based on the development of resistant cultivars by conventional plant-breeding techniques The results show that a satisfactory level of control can be achieved with fungicides We succeeded in identifying a number of lines with high levels of resistance to FHB under Irish field conditions. It is hoped that these resistant genes can be introgressed into a more adapted background with the ultimate objective of developing a resistant variety for Irish wheat-growers.
摘要小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)已成为影响小粮生产的重要作物病害之一，它不仅会降低粮食产量和品质，而且在适宜的条件下还会产生真菌毒素，对动物和人类健康构成严重威胁。由于环境因素在FHB的传播中起着重要作用，因此有必要评估爱尔兰生长条件下的控制策略。本文综述了爱尔兰面包小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)赤霉病防治的第一个主要田间研究项目的研究结果。我们研究了两种防治方法，一种是基于使用杀菌剂的短期方法，另一种是基于通过常规植物育种技术开发抗性品种的长期方法。结果表明，使用杀菌剂可以达到令人满意的控制水平在爱尔兰的田间条件下，确定了一些对FHB具有高抗性的品系。希望这些抗性基因能够逐渐渗入到一个更适应的背景中，最终目标是为爱尔兰小麦种植者开发一种抗性品种。
{"title":"Control of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat under Irish Growing Conditions: Current Situation and Future Prospects","authors":"J. Dardis, E. Walsh","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2002.102.2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2002.102.2.93","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat has become one of the most important crop diseases in small-grain cereal production The FHB pathogen lowers grain yield and quality, and under favourable conditions it can also produce mycotoxins that pose a serious risk to animal and human health. Because environmental factors play a significant role in the spread of FHB, it is essential to evaluate control strategies under Irish growing conditions. This paper reviews the findings of the first major field research project to investigate control of Fusarium head blight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ireland We examined two approaches to controlling the disease a short-term approach based on the use of fungicides and a longer-term approach based on the development of resistant cultivars by conventional plant-breeding techniques The results show that a satisfactory level of control can be achieved with fungicides We succeeded in identifying a number of lines with high levels of resistance to FHB under Irish field conditions. It is hoped that these resistant genes can be introgressed into a more adapted background with the ultimate objective of developing a resistant variety for Irish wheat-growers.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"207 1","pages":"103 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83574112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.1.15
R. Moles, J. Breen, B. O'Regan
Abstract:Burren grassland is an important habitat for biodiversity conservation, but studies to date have not provided sufficient scientific understanding of vegetation dynamics to inform selection of appropriate management prescriptions. This paper reports on a pilot scale study on a small grassland patch on limestone pavement near Mullach More in the Burren National Park. Through experimental manipulation, it examines the effects of grazing and bare soil gap creation on vegetation dynamics and reproductive success over six years, with a focus on temporal changes in cover, species richness, flowering rates, turnover and mobility. Cessation of grazing resulted in very marked frequency reductions for most species, but increases for some grasses and increased flowering frequency in some forb species. Gap creation resulted in vegetation change that persisted for at least two years under ungrazed treatment, but for six years in grazed sward. Soil depth decreased under grazing but increased under ungrazed treatment. The grassland patch had attributes suggestive of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium vegetation dynamics. As the small study area selected may not be fully representative of the markedly heterogeneous Burren landscape, this paper does not arrive at conclusions in relation to all Burren grasslands and their conservation, but rather identifies some attributes important in informing prescription selection that require further testing at larger scale.
{"title":"A Pilot Scale Long-Term Experimental Study on the Effects of Grazing and Gap Creation on Burren Grassland Dynamics: Implications for Conservation","authors":"R. Moles, J. Breen, B. O'Regan","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2005.105.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Burren grassland is an important habitat for biodiversity conservation, but studies to date have not provided sufficient scientific understanding of vegetation dynamics to inform selection of appropriate management prescriptions. This paper reports on a pilot scale study on a small grassland patch on limestone pavement near Mullach More in the Burren National Park. Through experimental manipulation, it examines the effects of grazing and bare soil gap creation on vegetation dynamics and reproductive success over six years, with a focus on temporal changes in cover, species richness, flowering rates, turnover and mobility. Cessation of grazing resulted in very marked frequency reductions for most species, but increases for some grasses and increased flowering frequency in some forb species. Gap creation resulted in vegetation change that persisted for at least two years under ungrazed treatment, but for six years in grazed sward. Soil depth decreased under grazing but increased under ungrazed treatment. The grassland patch had attributes suggestive of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium vegetation dynamics. As the small study area selected may not be fully representative of the markedly heterogeneous Burren landscape, this paper does not arrive at conclusions in relation to all Burren grasslands and their conservation, but rather identifies some attributes important in informing prescription selection that require further testing at larger scale.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"29 1","pages":"15 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89854846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The objective of this study was to provide fisheries researchers with a cost-effective solution to estimate the weight of a particular fish species from the hypothesis that length and weight are strongly correlated. The aim was to estimate the weight from a given length through a length–weight relationship/regression equation. Length–weight (L–W) regression equations were derived for ten of the most common fish species and two cyprinid hybrids encountered in Irish lakes and rivers (brown trout, salmon, roach, perch, eel, Arctic char, bream, pike, rudd, tench, roach x bream hybrids and roach x rudd hybrids) from an extensive dataset of approximately 228,000 individual fish over a ten-year period between 2005 and 2014. The data was collected during routine Inland Fisheries Ireland monitoring programmes from lakes and rivers across Ireland. The dataset of the three most abundant species on lakes and rivers was categorised into three alkalinity groups for further accuracy. Significant relationships were found between length and weight for all ten fish species and two cyprinid hybrids in all water body types, showing that length is a significant predictor of weight and the findings are reflective of other studies, making this a strong tool for estimating weight.
{"title":"Length-weight relationships for common freshwater fish species in Irish lakes and rivers","authors":"L. Connor, Ronan Matson, F. Kelly","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2017.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2017.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The objective of this study was to provide fisheries researchers with a cost-effective solution to estimate the weight of a particular fish species from the hypothesis that length and weight are strongly correlated. The aim was to estimate the weight from a given length through a length–weight relationship/regression equation. Length–weight (L–W) regression equations were derived for ten of the most common fish species and two cyprinid hybrids encountered in Irish lakes and rivers (brown trout, salmon, roach, perch, eel, Arctic char, bream, pike, rudd, tench, roach x bream hybrids and roach x rudd hybrids) from an extensive dataset of approximately 228,000 individual fish over a ten-year period between 2005 and 2014. The data was collected during routine Inland Fisheries Ireland monitoring programmes from lakes and rivers across Ireland. The dataset of the three most abundant species on lakes and rivers was categorised into three alkalinity groups for further accuracy. Significant relationships were found between length and weight for all ten fish species and two cyprinid hybrids in all water body types, showing that length is a significant predictor of weight and the findings are reflective of other studies, making this a strong tool for estimating weight.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"43 1","pages":"65 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90114400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.323
MICHAEL B. Jones, A. Donnelly, F. Albanito
Abstract:It is widely accepted that anthropogenically driven climate change is having a significant impact on the natural environment of Ireland and this will accelerate in the future. The changes have been attributed to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the main contributor. There is now increasing evidence that elevated CO₂ will directly alter the structure of plant communities although this will depend on the availability of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Changes in plant phenology will also occur as a result of warming, resulting in changed patterns of development of vegetation and in particular longer growing seasons for plants. Climate plays a pivotal role in determining the geographic distribution of plant species and climate 'envelopes' describe the potential range of climatic conditions over which species and ecosystems occur. As the climate changes these climate envelopes will move and, based on available evidence, the predicted change in climate is expected to have significant effects on the distribution of species and ecosystems. Modelling of climate envelope movements show that some of the key Irish habitats, particularly peatlands, are likely to be vulnerable and may be eliminated by climatic change predicted during the rest of this century.
{"title":"RESPONSES OF IRISH VEGETATION TO FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE","authors":"MICHAEL B. Jones, A. Donnelly, F. Albanito","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2006.106.3.323","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:It is widely accepted that anthropogenically driven climate change is having a significant impact on the natural environment of Ireland and this will accelerate in the future. The changes have been attributed to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the main contributor. There is now increasing evidence that elevated CO₂ will directly alter the structure of plant communities although this will depend on the availability of major nutrients, particularly nitrogen. Changes in plant phenology will also occur as a result of warming, resulting in changed patterns of development of vegetation and in particular longer growing seasons for plants. Climate plays a pivotal role in determining the geographic distribution of plant species and climate 'envelopes' describe the potential range of climatic conditions over which species and ecosystems occur. As the climate changes these climate envelopes will move and, based on available evidence, the predicted change in climate is expected to have significant effects on the distribution of species and ecosystems. Modelling of climate envelope movements show that some of the key Irish habitats, particularly peatlands, are likely to be vulnerable and may be eliminated by climatic change predicted during the rest of this century.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"4 1","pages":"323 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86738884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2004.104.1.43
B. Lehane, P. Giller, J. O’Halloran, P. Walsh
Abstract:Salmonid populations were sampled in 36 streams, at altitudes between 100m and 200m, in counties Cork and Kerry, south-western Ireland. The catchment land use ranged from open moorland and rough pasture/improved grassland to afforested sites with varying levels of catchment afforestation, mostly coniferous but with some patches of mixed coniferous and deciduous trees. The main geology types within the region were slate, Old Red Sandstone and limestone. Study sites were electrofished, and the density, biomass, age structure and condition of salmonid populations were assessed. A range of in-stream riparian and catchment environmental variables were measured, and the data were analysed using stepwise multiple regression to identify the most influential environmental factors affecting trout metrics following principle component analysis. The majority of salmonids were trout (86%), and mean trout density ranged from 0.662 fish m⁻² to 0.984 fish m⁻² for all sites, irrespective of catchment geology. Trout condition did not differ significantly with level of catchment afforestation or geology, with the exception of limestone with high catchment afforestation. At sites with underlying limestone, trout condition decreased with increased catchment afforestation. River habitat structure was identified as the most important variable influencing trout density and biomass, irrespective of geology and water chemistry.
{"title":"Relative Influences of Catchment Geology, Land Use and In-Stream Habitat on Brown Trout Populations in South-Western Ireland","authors":"B. Lehane, P. Giller, J. O’Halloran, P. Walsh","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2004.104.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2004.104.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Salmonid populations were sampled in 36 streams, at altitudes between 100m and 200m, in counties Cork and Kerry, south-western Ireland. The catchment land use ranged from open moorland and rough pasture/improved grassland to afforested sites with varying levels of catchment afforestation, mostly coniferous but with some patches of mixed coniferous and deciduous trees. The main geology types within the region were slate, Old Red Sandstone and limestone. Study sites were electrofished, and the density, biomass, age structure and condition of salmonid populations were assessed. A range of in-stream riparian and catchment environmental variables were measured, and the data were analysed using stepwise multiple regression to identify the most influential environmental factors affecting trout metrics following principle component analysis. The majority of salmonids were trout (86%), and mean trout density ranged from 0.662 fish m⁻² to 0.984 fish m⁻² for all sites, irrespective of catchment geology. Trout condition did not differ significantly with level of catchment afforestation or geology, with the exception of limestone with high catchment afforestation. At sites with underlying limestone, trout condition decreased with increased catchment afforestation. River habitat structure was identified as the most important variable influencing trout density and biomass, irrespective of geology and water chemistry.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"22 1","pages":"43 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The island of Ireland is the largest region in western Europe with no populations of non-indigenous crayfish species, and the native white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, is widespread. But non-indigenous crayfish are available through the pet trade in Ireland, and the release of pet crayfish is a major route for introducing crayfish into natural ecosystems. Monitoring online classified-advertising websites provided evidence for three non-indigenous crayfish species owned and traded in the Republic of Ireland—Procambarus clarkii, Cherax quadricarinatus and Cambarellus patzcuarensis—in addition to Procambarus fallax f. virginalis, previously determined to be available in the pet trade in the Republic of Ireland. The risks associated with introductions of C. quadricarinatus and C. patzcuarensis in Ireland have not yet been assessed. The invasive potential for both may be limited by low cold tolerance, but C. patzcuarensis is a potential vector for crayfish plague, and C. quadricarinatus may outcompete native A. pallipes in aggressive interactions. The number of species available in Ireland is smaller than in most other European countries, but the number of advertisements per capita and species available in the Republic of Ireland was higher than in England, where one species is legal. This suggests legislation may limit initial imports, but individual pet owners or small businesses continue to sell and trade crayfish that have been transported to Ireland.
摘要:爱尔兰岛是西欧最大的无外来小龙虾种群的地区，本地白爪小龙虾Austropotamobius pallipes分布广泛。但在爱尔兰，人们可以通过宠物贸易获得非本地小龙虾，宠物小龙虾的释放是将小龙虾引入自然生态系统的主要途径。监测在线分类广告网站提供了爱尔兰共和国拥有和交易的三种非本地小龙虾物种的证据-克氏原螯虾，四叉螯虾和帕兹卡螯虾-除了先前确定在爱尔兰共和国宠物贸易中可获得的fallax f. virginalis原螯虾。在爱尔兰引入扁形库蚊和帕兹卡库蚊的相关风险尚未得到评估。两者的入侵潜力可能受到较低的耐寒性的限制，但帕兹克纳氏螯虾是小龙虾鼠疫的潜在媒介，并且在侵略性相互作用中，四叉克纳氏螯虾可能会胜过本地的苍白克纳氏螯虾。爱尔兰可用的物种数量比大多数其他欧洲国家都要少，但爱尔兰共和国的人均广告数量和可用物种数量都高于英格兰，在英格兰，只有一种是合法的。这表明立法可能会限制最初的进口，但个人宠物主人或小企业继续销售和交易运往爱尔兰的小龙虾。
{"title":"Slipping past the barricades: the illegal trade of pet crayfish in Ireland","authors":"Z. Faulkes","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2017.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2017.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The island of Ireland is the largest region in western Europe with no populations of non-indigenous crayfish species, and the native white-clawed crayfish, Austropotamobius pallipes, is widespread. But non-indigenous crayfish are available through the pet trade in Ireland, and the release of pet crayfish is a major route for introducing crayfish into natural ecosystems. Monitoring online classified-advertising websites provided evidence for three non-indigenous crayfish species owned and traded in the Republic of Ireland—Procambarus clarkii, Cherax quadricarinatus and Cambarellus patzcuarensis—in addition to Procambarus fallax f. virginalis, previously determined to be available in the pet trade in the Republic of Ireland. The risks associated with introductions of C. quadricarinatus and C. patzcuarensis in Ireland have not yet been assessed. The invasive potential for both may be limited by low cold tolerance, but C. patzcuarensis is a potential vector for crayfish plague, and C. quadricarinatus may outcompete native A. pallipes in aggressive interactions. The number of species available in Ireland is smaller than in most other European countries, but the number of advertisements per capita and species available in the Republic of Ireland was higher than in England, where one species is legal. This suggests legislation may limit initial imports, but individual pet owners or small businesses continue to sell and trade crayfish that have been transported to Ireland.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"69 1","pages":"15 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89408348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.2.111
M. DeArce, T. Logan-Phelan
{"title":"VENICE: ALL CHANGE","authors":"M. DeArce, T. Logan-Phelan","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2007.107.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"56 1","pages":"111 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Small shallow lakes are a characteristic feature of blanket bog habitats. The biotic assemblages of these lakes can be particularly species rich, especially in terms of the aquatic invertebrate fauna. Despite their potential conservation value, relatively little is known about their physico-chemical or biological characteristics in northern Europe in comparison to other freshwater habitats, and their undisturbed reference conditions are still unknown in Ireland. We surveyed upland and lowland blanket bog lakes, across both sedimentary (sandstone) and igneous (granite) geologies, to compare baseline physico-chemical and biological conditions for blanket bog lakes in western Ireland. A comprehensive data set of water chemistry, Chydoridae, littoral macroinvertebrates and aquatic macrophyte taxa were collected from all lakes over a twelve-month period beginning in March 2009. The main difference in lake hydrochemistry was that the lowland lakes, situated at lower altitude and in closer proximity to the coast than the upland lakes, had significantly higher conductivity and major ion (sodium [Na], chloride [Cl], magnesium [Mg], potassium [K] and sulphate [SO₄]) concentrations because of the greater influence of atmospheric (sea spray) deposition. The upland lakes were also significantly cooler and had higher concentrations of total phosphorus (TP). Differences were also evident between the upland and lowland lakes in the chydorid, littoral macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities, primarily caused by marinedriven hydrochemical variation and differences in benthic substrate. The chemical effect of marine deposition appeared to have a much greater impact on lake hydrochemistry and biology than either underlying geology or altitude. This is the first study of its kind to be carried out on blanket bog lakes in Ireland. More information is needed on the biology of such lakes, together with research on anthropogenic drivers of biotic communities, if significant loss of biodiversity associated with agriculture, peat extraction, burning, wind farm developments and conifer afforestation is to be prevented.
{"title":"VARIATION IN THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICIAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN UPLAND AND LOWLAND (ATLANTIC) BLANKET BOG LAKES IN WESTERN IRELAND","authors":"T. Drinan, J. O’Halloran, S. Harrison","doi":"10.1353/bae.2013.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bae.2013.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Small shallow lakes are a characteristic feature of blanket bog habitats. The biotic assemblages of these lakes can be particularly species rich, especially in terms of the aquatic invertebrate fauna. Despite their potential conservation value, relatively little is known about their physico-chemical or biological characteristics in northern Europe in comparison to other freshwater habitats, and their undisturbed reference conditions are still unknown in Ireland. We surveyed upland and lowland blanket bog lakes, across both sedimentary (sandstone) and igneous (granite) geologies, to compare baseline physico-chemical and biological conditions for blanket bog lakes in western Ireland. A comprehensive data set of water chemistry, Chydoridae, littoral macroinvertebrates and aquatic macrophyte taxa were collected from all lakes over a twelve-month period beginning in March 2009. The main difference in lake hydrochemistry was that the lowland lakes, situated at lower altitude and in closer proximity to the coast than the upland lakes, had significantly higher conductivity and major ion (sodium [Na], chloride [Cl], magnesium [Mg], potassium [K] and sulphate [SO₄]) concentrations because of the greater influence of atmospheric (sea spray) deposition. The upland lakes were also significantly cooler and had higher concentrations of total phosphorus (TP). Differences were also evident between the upland and lowland lakes in the chydorid, littoral macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities, primarily caused by marinedriven hydrochemical variation and differences in benthic substrate. The chemical effect of marine deposition appeared to have a much greater impact on lake hydrochemistry and biology than either underlying geology or altitude. This is the first study of its kind to be carried out on blanket bog lakes in Ireland. More information is needed on the biology of such lakes, together with research on anthropogenic drivers of biotic communities, if significant loss of biodiversity associated with agriculture, peat extraction, burning, wind farm developments and conifer afforestation is to be prevented.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"28 1","pages":"67 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88140460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.3.157
E. Fahy, J. Carroll, Aisling Smith, S. Murphy, S. Clarke
Abstract:Velvet crabs (Necora puber (L.)) are taken mainly as a by-catch in the pot fishery for large crustaceans. N. puber is negatively associated with spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla Balss) and positively associated with brown crabs (Cancer pagunus L.). In the Irish Sea, which yields small quantities of brown crabs, velvets have greater commercial significance, and they are targeted. Individuals from 28 samples of velvet crabs were described to characterise landings of the species. The female:male ratio was low, as was fecundity, which was typical of the northern European subgrouping of the species. Carapacewidth frequencies of males and females were disaggregated by a Bhattacharya plot into six groups of males and four groups of females. Females have been described as having a lower life expectancy than males in this species. An age of eight to ten years is proposed as the required age to achieve maximum size in the male. Average male and female size and weight within samples correlated highly significantly, and males were used as indicators of population structure as more information was obtained on males. Age at full recruitment of males correlated inversely with landings over a period of ten years; the mortality coefficient (Z) correlated positively with landed weights. There are no conservation measures currently in force in Ireland for this species, but it is difficult to hold in captivity, and most of the trade is live export. Hence this species is landed at 20-34% of potential landing places, only where suitable buyers are available, although the species is believed to occur in all coastal waters. Spatially discontinuous exploitation fabours a sustainable velvet fishery.
{"title":"IRELAND'S VELVET CRAB (NECORA PUBER (L.)) POT FISHERY","authors":"E. Fahy, J. Carroll, Aisling Smith, S. Murphy, S. Clarke","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.3.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2008.108.3.157","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Velvet crabs (Necora puber (L.)) are taken mainly as a by-catch in the pot fishery for large crustaceans. N. puber is negatively associated with spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla Balss) and positively associated with brown crabs (Cancer pagunus L.). In the Irish Sea, which yields small quantities of brown crabs, velvets have greater commercial significance, and they are targeted. Individuals from 28 samples of velvet crabs were described to characterise landings of the species. The female:male ratio was low, as was fecundity, which was typical of the northern European subgrouping of the species. Carapacewidth frequencies of males and females were disaggregated by a Bhattacharya plot into six groups of males and four groups of females. Females have been described as having a lower life expectancy than males in this species. An age of eight to ten years is proposed as the required age to achieve maximum size in the male. Average male and female size and weight within samples correlated highly significantly, and males were used as indicators of population structure as more information was obtained on males. Age at full recruitment of males correlated inversely with landings over a period of ten years; the mortality coefficient (Z) correlated positively with landed weights. There are no conservation measures currently in force in Ireland for this species, but it is difficult to hold in captivity, and most of the trade is live export. Hence this species is landed at 20-34% of potential landing places, only where suitable buyers are available, although the species is believed to occur in all coastal waters. Spatially discontinuous exploitation fabours a sustainable velvet fishery.","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"24 1","pages":"157 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88226724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3318/BIOE.2009.109.2.107
Aislinn Deenihan, J. Donlan, J. Breen, R. Moles
{"title":"SHORT COMMUNICATION: MID-TERM IMPACTS OF EXCLUDING LARGE GRAZING ANIMALS ON A BURREN GRASS/SCRUBLAND PATCH","authors":"Aislinn Deenihan, J. Donlan, J. Breen, R. Moles","doi":"10.3318/BIOE.2009.109.2.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/BIOE.2009.109.2.107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55370,"journal":{"name":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":"107 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91119064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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