Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109139
Cédric T. Albinet , Benoît Valéry , Mickael Causse
This study investigated the dynamics of cardiac reactivity during the performance of three cognitive tasks involving various levels of inhibition control in young and middle-aged adults. Twenty-eight young adults (18–27 years) and twenty-two middle-aged adults (55–65 years) performed variations of a flanker task involving neutral, congruent, incongruent and No-Go trials, while their cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac Pre-Ejection Period: PEP) were recorded. Specifically, each task was repeated twice and we examined variations of PEP and PEP reactivity as a function of time on task and task repetition. The results revealed that PEP reactivity was shown to be a transient phenomenon, decreasing both over the course of each task (only significant during the first minute) and across repeated sessions. PEP reactivity was related to cognitive load, albeit not in a linear fashion, but was not clearly related to cognitive performance. Age-related effects were demonstrated for cognitive performance as well as resting and task PEP values, but not for PEP reactivity. It is concluded that PEP reactivity showed characteristics of habituation and sensitization that are discussed in light of the theory of dual-process habituation and the model of effort and cardiovascular response.
{"title":"Inhibition control and cardiac reactivity in young and middle-aged adults","authors":"Cédric T. Albinet , Benoît Valéry , Mickael Causse","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamics of cardiac reactivity during the performance of three cognitive tasks involving various levels of inhibition control in young and middle-aged adults. Twenty-eight young adults (18–27 years) and twenty-two middle-aged adults (55–65 years) performed variations of a flanker task involving neutral, congruent, incongruent and No-Go trials, while their cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac Pre-Ejection Period: PEP) were recorded. Specifically, each task was repeated twice and we examined variations of PEP and PEP reactivity as a function of time on task and task repetition. The results revealed that PEP reactivity was shown to be a transient phenomenon, decreasing both over the course of each task (only significant during the first minute) and across repeated sessions. PEP reactivity was related to cognitive load, albeit not in a linear fashion, but was not clearly related to cognitive performance. Age-related effects were demonstrated for cognitive performance as well as resting and task PEP values, but not for PEP reactivity. It is concluded that PEP reactivity showed characteristics of habituation and sensitization that are discussed in light of the theory of dual-process habituation and the model of effort and cardiovascular response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109138
Ziye He , Chuyao Zhang , Tian Xie , Ning Ma
The homeostatic regulation of sleep is thought to underlie the temporal progressive decline in vigilance. However, accumulating evidence indicated that the decline in vigilance does not follow a simple linear trajectory in sleep loss. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how vigilance degradation progressively evolves during prolonged wakefulness and to capture the temporal progression of cortical neural activities associated with this variation. Forty-five healthy young adults underwent a prolonged period of wakefulness for one night at their habitual bedtime. Participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task and resting-state electroencephalography recording from 22:00 (baseline) to 06:00 at 2-hour intervals. Power spectral and phase-amplitude coupling analyses were conducted. Vigilance during prolonged wakefulness exhibited a gradient deterioration that remained stable until 02:00, then sharply declined at 04:00. At 02:00, the coupling between the frontal delta phase and occipital gamma amplitude significantly increased and showed a significant negative correlation with lapses, potentially indicating a top-down compensatory mechanism. Additionally, increased delta activity in parietal areas was significantly correlated with increased mean reaction time and lapses at 04:00. These findings reveal the dynamic fluctuations of neural activity during prolonged wakefulness and suggest that the disconnection between anterior and posterior brain regions may be one of the critical factors contributing to deterioration in vigilance performance.
{"title":"Dynamic neural activity and vigilance impairment during prolonged wakefulness: A resting-state EEG study","authors":"Ziye He , Chuyao Zhang , Tian Xie , Ning Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The homeostatic regulation of sleep is thought to underlie the temporal progressive decline in vigilance. However, accumulating evidence indicated that the decline in vigilance does not follow a simple linear trajectory in sleep loss. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how vigilance degradation progressively evolves during prolonged wakefulness and to capture the temporal progression of cortical neural activities associated with this variation. Forty-five healthy young adults underwent a prolonged period of wakefulness for one night at their habitual bedtime. Participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task and resting-state electroencephalography recording from 22:00 (baseline) to 06:00 at 2-hour intervals. Power spectral and phase-amplitude coupling analyses were conducted. Vigilance during prolonged wakefulness exhibited a gradient deterioration that remained stable until 02:00, then sharply declined at 04:00. At 02:00, the coupling between the frontal delta phase and occipital gamma amplitude significantly increased and showed a significant negative correlation with lapses, potentially indicating a top-down compensatory mechanism. Additionally, increased delta activity in parietal areas was significantly correlated with increased mean reaction time and lapses at 04:00. These findings reveal the dynamic fluctuations of neural activity during prolonged wakefulness and suggest that the disconnection between anterior and posterior brain regions may be one of the critical factors contributing to deterioration in vigilance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109133
Magdalena Kurek , Joanna Różycka-Tran , Stanisław Radoń , Adam Kania , Kamila Orlińska , Trần Thanh Tùng , Piotr Suffczynski
This study investigated the bioelectric brain activity associated with Zen meditation in an ecologically valid monastic setting, comparing experienced Zen practitioners with non-meditating controls. The experimental group consisted of Vietnamese monks from Truc Lam Tay Thien and Truc Lam Thuong Chieu monasteries, while the control group comprised non-practitioners. EEG data were collected using a portable 4-channel BrainBit Flex cap during both morning and evening meditation sessions, capturing theta (5–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) frequency bands.
Results
indicate that monks exhibited significantly higher alpha and theta band power during meditation than controls, with no changes in beta power. This pattern distinguishes Zen meditation from other forms, like mindfulness practices, where reductions in beta power are often observed. Notably, there were no significant EEG differences in the brain activity of monks between meditation and mind-wandering states, nor between brief (4-minute) and extended (1.5-hour) meditation sessions, suggesting a high degree of continuity between meditative and non-meditative states in advanced practitioners. These findings contribute to an understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying Zen meditation, which appears to foster a distinct state characterized by a combination of relaxation and sustained alertness. By highlighting its potential role in mental health, the study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using mobile EEG technology for in-situ data collection in naturalistic environments, supporting the advancement of meditation research beyond laboratory constraints.
{"title":"Electrophysiological correlates of zen meditation: An investigation using in-monastery EEG acquisition","authors":"Magdalena Kurek , Joanna Różycka-Tran , Stanisław Radoń , Adam Kania , Kamila Orlińska , Trần Thanh Tùng , Piotr Suffczynski","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the bioelectric brain activity associated with Zen meditation in an ecologically valid monastic setting, comparing experienced Zen practitioners with non-meditating controls. The experimental group consisted of Vietnamese monks from Truc Lam Tay Thien and Truc Lam Thuong Chieu monasteries, while the control group comprised non-practitioners. EEG data were collected using a portable 4-channel BrainBit Flex cap during both morning and evening meditation sessions, capturing theta (5–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) frequency bands.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>indicate that monks exhibited significantly higher alpha and theta band power during meditation than controls, with no changes in beta power. This pattern distinguishes Zen meditation from other forms, like mindfulness practices, where reductions in beta power are often observed. Notably, there were no significant EEG differences in the brain activity of monks between meditation and mind-wandering states, nor between brief (4-minute) and extended (1.5-hour) meditation sessions, suggesting a high degree of continuity between meditative and non-meditative states in advanced practitioners. These findings contribute to an understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying Zen meditation, which appears to foster a distinct state characterized by a combination of relaxation and sustained alertness. By highlighting its potential role in mental health, the study also demonstrates the effectiveness of using mobile EEG technology for in-situ data collection in naturalistic environments, supporting the advancement of meditation research beyond laboratory constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109134
Tabea Meier , Aaron M. Geller , Kuan-Hua Chen , Claudia M. Haase
When people connect, their heart rates may become synchronized. Research has documented greater interdependence among people from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, but little is known about whether greater interdependence also emerges at a physiological level in low-SES contexts. The present laboratory-based study examined physiological linkage (i.e., coordinated changes in interbeat interval on a second-by-second basis) in 48 married couples (96 spouses) from highly diverse SES and racialized backgrounds across two marital interaction contexts (i.e., a conflict and a pleasant conversation). We analyzed both in-phase (i.e., coordinated changes in same direction) and anti-phase (i.e., coordinated changes in opposing directions) linkage. The overall sample size was N = 192 observations (48 couples with four repeated measures: in-phase and anti-phase linkage in conflict and pleasant conversations). Repeated measures analyses showed that, across both conversations, spouses from lower (vs. higher) SES backgrounds showed lower anti-phase and greater in-phase physiological linkage, with the difference in anti-phase linkage being more pronounced. That is, their heart rates were less likely to change in opposite ways and more likely to change in similar ways. These findings provide the first evidence that privileged couples connect differently from less privileged couples at a physiological level, contributing to conversations on how macro-level factors become embedded and embodied in the micro.
{"title":"Connected at heart? Socioeconomic status and physiological linkage during marital interactions","authors":"Tabea Meier , Aaron M. Geller , Kuan-Hua Chen , Claudia M. Haase","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When people connect, their heart rates may become synchronized. Research has documented greater interdependence among people from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, but little is known about whether greater interdependence also emerges at a physiological level in low-SES contexts. The present laboratory-based study examined physiological linkage (i.e., coordinated changes in interbeat interval on a second-by-second basis) in 48 married couples (96 spouses) from highly diverse SES and racialized backgrounds across two marital interaction contexts (i.e., a conflict and a pleasant conversation). We analyzed both in-phase (i.e., coordinated changes in same direction) and anti-phase (i.e., coordinated changes in opposing directions) linkage. The overall sample size was <em>N</em> = 192 observations (48 couples with four repeated measures: in-phase and anti-phase linkage in conflict and pleasant conversations). Repeated measures analyses showed that, across both conversations, spouses from lower (vs. higher) SES backgrounds showed lower anti-phase and greater in-phase physiological linkage, with the difference in anti-phase linkage being more pronounced. That is, their heart rates were less likely to change in opposite ways and more likely to change in similar ways. These findings provide the first evidence that privileged couples connect differently from less privileged couples at a physiological level, contributing to conversations on how macro-level factors become embedded and embodied in the micro.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109136
Xintong Qi, Ping Wei, Qin Zhang
Previous studies have shown that both reward expectation and conceptual unitization can promote associative memory performance, but little is known about how reward affects two processes of associative memory retrieval (i.e., familiarity and recollection) and whether reward and conceptual unitization have mutual influence on associative recognition. Therefore, this study aims to explore the separate and mutual role of them on associative recognition and their underlying mechanisms through the R/K paradigm (Experiment 1) and event-related potential (ERP) measures (Experiment 2) under consistent unitization-congruence (UC) (Experiment 1) and inconsistent UC (Experiment 2) conditions. Results showed that, under UC-consistent condition, reward promoted associative recognition performance (Prs) through recollection, while conceptual unitization (compounds vs. noncompounds) impaired overall Prs but increased hit rates with reducing recollection but strengthening familiarity. Additionally, for hits, reward weakened the conceptual unitization effect and reward effect only appeared in noncompounds. Under UC-inconsistent condition, results showed the same reward effect and the opposite unitization effect on Prs as Experiment 1. ERP results revealed that in the test phase, reward effects were found in FN400 on frontal location and LPC on frontal and central location with more positive amplitudes for rewarded stimuli, indicating more semantic unitization processing and cognitive efforts putting into them, and conceptual unitization enhanced Prs through familiarity and recollection processes. And ERP reward effects still just existed in noncompounds. The above results indicated that the mechanisms by which reward and conceptual unitization affected associative recognition changed with UC.
{"title":"The effects of reward expectation and conceptual unitization during encoding on associative recognition: Evidence from behavior and ERPs","authors":"Xintong Qi, Ping Wei, Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have shown that both reward expectation and conceptual unitization can promote associative memory performance, but little is known about how reward affects two processes of associative memory retrieval (i.e., familiarity and recollection) and whether reward and conceptual unitization have mutual influence on associative recognition. Therefore, this study aims to explore the separate and mutual role of them on associative recognition and their underlying mechanisms through the R/K paradigm (Experiment 1) and event-related potential (ERP) measures (Experiment 2) under consistent unitization-congruence (UC) (Experiment 1) and inconsistent UC (Experiment 2) conditions. Results showed that, under UC-consistent condition, reward promoted associative recognition performance (Prs) through recollection, while conceptual unitization (compounds vs. noncompounds) impaired overall Prs but increased hit rates with reducing recollection but strengthening familiarity. Additionally, for hits, reward weakened the conceptual unitization effect and reward effect only appeared in noncompounds. Under UC-inconsistent condition, results showed the same reward effect and the opposite unitization effect on Prs as Experiment 1. ERP results revealed that in the test phase, reward effects were found in FN400 on frontal location and LPC on frontal and central location with more positive amplitudes for rewarded stimuli, indicating more semantic unitization processing and cognitive efforts putting into them, and conceptual unitization enhanced Prs through familiarity and recollection processes. And ERP reward effects still just existed in noncompounds. The above results indicated that the mechanisms by which reward and conceptual unitization affected associative recognition changed with UC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109131
Yue Zhang , Hao He , Haofei Miao , Yiming Qian , Bin Wu , Xiaoping Chen , Lizhong Chi
Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to impair cognitive performance, yet its effects on higher-order cognitive control remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of 36-hour SD on proactive and reactive control using the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) and event-related potentials (ERP). Thirty-three healthy college students underwent 36 h of continuous SD, with cognitive performance assessed at baseline, following 24 and 36 h of SD. Behavioral results revealed significant impairments in proactive and reactive control, as indicated by increased error rates and longer response times in BX and AY trials, respectively. However, proactive control remained the dominant strategy throughout the SD period, as evidenced by positive Proactive Behavioral Index (PBI) values, smaller P3 and larger CNV amplitudes for cue A, and larger N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes for AY trials. These results provide novel insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying SD-induced impairments and highlight the robustness of proactive control in sleep-deprived individuals. The findings have practical implications for developing interventions to enhance cognitive performance in high-stakes tasks that require flexible control under SD.
{"title":"Impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive control: Insights from the dual mechanisms of control theory","authors":"Yue Zhang , Hao He , Haofei Miao , Yiming Qian , Bin Wu , Xiaoping Chen , Lizhong Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to impair cognitive performance, yet its effects on higher-order cognitive control remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of 36-hour SD on proactive and reactive control using the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) and event-related potentials (ERP). Thirty-three healthy college students underwent 36 h of continuous SD, with cognitive performance assessed at baseline, following 24 and 36 h of SD. Behavioral results revealed significant impairments in proactive and reactive control, as indicated by increased error rates and longer response times in BX and AY trials, respectively. However, proactive control remained the dominant strategy throughout the SD period, as evidenced by positive Proactive Behavioral Index (PBI) values, smaller P3 and larger CNV amplitudes for cue A, and larger N2 and smaller P3 amplitudes for AY trials. These results provide novel insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying SD-induced impairments and highlight the robustness of proactive control in sleep-deprived individuals. The findings have practical implications for developing interventions to enhance cognitive performance in high-stakes tasks that require flexible control under SD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109130
Yaqi Yang , Zhaoyu Liu , Brian W.L. Wong , Shuting Huo , Jie Wang , Tan Lee , Fumiko Hoeft , Urs Maurer
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common learning disorder with potential neural origins. While EEG-based brain activation measures combined with machine learning have shown promise for DD screening, these approaches often lack validation on independent participants, a crucial step for practical application. This study developed an EEG-based screening approach and investigated the neural correlates of DD in Chinese children. EEG was recorded from 130 children (82 DD, 48 typically developing; 7–11 years) during resting state (eyes-open, eyes-closed) and verbal working-memory tasks. After artifact rejection, signals were segmented and converted to functional-connectivity (FC) measures across delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands using Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC), phase-locking value (PLV), and a rho (RHO) measure. Segments were split into two non-overlapping samples to ensure participant-level independence: Sample 1 for training and five-fold cross-validation of a convolutional neural network, and Sample 2 for held-out cross-sample evaluation. Balanced accuracy (BA) served as the primary outcome, with significance assessed by permutation testing. Beta band matrices were most informative: the eyes-open beta-band RHO achieved the highest within-sample performance (BA = 97.47 %), and the eyes-closed beta-band PLV yielded above-chance cross-sample performance (BA = 64.99 %, permutation p < .001). Given the reduced cross-sample BA, further validation in larger and more diverse cohorts and other language systems is needed to establish the model’s generalizability. Discriminative FC patterns revealed that children with DD exhibited reduced temporal-parietal and central connectivity but increased frontal-central connectivity, likely reflecting compensatory mechanisms. Within the DD group, stronger FCs showed significant negative correlations with Chinese word reading accuracy and fluency. These results highlight functional network abnormalities in Chinese children with DD and offer preliminary evidence for EEG-based screening. However, current performance remains exploratory and insufficient for deployment without further refinement.
{"title":"Deviant functional connectivity patterns in the EEG related to developmental dyslexia and their potential use for screening","authors":"Yaqi Yang , Zhaoyu Liu , Brian W.L. Wong , Shuting Huo , Jie Wang , Tan Lee , Fumiko Hoeft , Urs Maurer","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a common learning disorder with potential neural origins. While EEG-based brain activation measures combined with machine learning have shown promise for DD screening, these approaches often lack validation on independent participants, a crucial step for practical application. This study developed an EEG-based screening approach and investigated the neural correlates of DD in Chinese children. EEG was recorded from 130 children (82 DD, 48 typically developing; 7–11 years) during resting state (eyes-open, eyes-closed) and verbal working-memory tasks. After artifact rejection, signals were segmented and converted to functional-connectivity (FC) measures across delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands using Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC), phase-locking value (PLV), and a rho (RHO) measure. Segments were split into two non-overlapping samples to ensure participant-level independence: Sample 1 for training and five-fold cross-validation of a convolutional neural network, and Sample 2 for held-out cross-sample evaluation. Balanced accuracy (BA) served as the primary outcome, with significance assessed by permutation testing. Beta band matrices were most informative: the eyes-open beta-band RHO achieved the highest within-sample performance (BA = 97.47 %), and the eyes-closed beta-band PLV yielded above-chance cross-sample performance (BA = 64.99 %, permutation p < .001). Given the reduced cross-sample BA, further validation in larger and more diverse cohorts and other language systems is needed to establish the model’s generalizability. Discriminative FC patterns revealed that children with DD exhibited reduced temporal-parietal and central connectivity but increased frontal-central connectivity, likely reflecting compensatory mechanisms. Within the DD group, stronger FCs showed significant negative correlations with Chinese word reading accuracy and fluency. These results highlight functional network abnormalities in Chinese children with DD and offer preliminary evidence for EEG-based screening. However, current performance remains exploratory and insufficient for deployment without further refinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109132
Jin Li , Di Fang , Jiabo Zhang , Jiashuo Zhang , Zhanle Wang , Hanling Zhang
Background
Anxiety is a common mental disorder whose prevalence has been increasing, necessitating more effective treatment strategies.
Methods
In this study, we propose a novel anxiety regulation framework with a positive emotion-guided strategy. The framework links electroencephalography (EEG) signals, emotional states, visual parameters, and musical parameters. Subsequently, we developed a real-time closed-loop neurofeedback system to provide visual feedback and personalized music intervention. A randomized crossover trial was then conducted to compare the intervention effects of the neurofeedback group and the control group.
Results
Compared with the control group, the neurofeedback group showed larger post-intervention reductions in anxiety (STAI; Cohen’s d = 1.05) and greater increases in positive affect (SAM Valence; Cohen’s d = 0.63). The neurofeedback group also reported higher participation motivation and a more favorable user experience.
Conclusion
This personalized, positive emotion-guided neurofeedback approach shows preliminary promise as a user-centered strategy for anxiety, pending further validation.
背景：焦虑是一种常见的精神障碍，其患病率呈上升趋势，需要更有效的治疗策略。方法：在本研究中，我们提出了一个具有积极情绪引导策略的新型焦虑调节框架。该框架将脑电图（EEG）信号、情绪状态、视觉参数和音乐参数联系起来。随后，我们开发了一个实时闭环神经反馈系统，提供视觉反馈和个性化的音乐干预。然后进行随机交叉试验，比较神经反馈组和对照组的干预效果。结果：与对照组相比，神经反馈组干预后焦虑下降幅度更大（STAI, Cohen’s d = 1.05），积极情绪增加幅度更大（SAM Valence, Cohen’s d = 0.63）。神经反馈组也报告了更高的参与动机和更有利的用户体验。结论：这种个性化的、积极情绪引导的神经反馈方法初步显示了作为一种以用户为中心的焦虑策略的前景，有待进一步验证。
{"title":"An anxiety regulation framework with a positive emotion-guided strategy: Integrating EEG neurofeedback and music intervention","authors":"Jin Li , Di Fang , Jiabo Zhang , Jiashuo Zhang , Zhanle Wang , Hanling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anxiety is a common mental disorder whose prevalence has been increasing, necessitating more effective treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we propose a novel anxiety regulation framework with a positive emotion-guided strategy. The framework links electroencephalography (EEG) signals, emotional states, visual parameters, and musical parameters. Subsequently, we developed a real-time closed-loop neurofeedback system to provide visual feedback and personalized music intervention. A randomized crossover trial was then conducted to compare the intervention effects of the neurofeedback group and the control group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the control group, the neurofeedback group showed larger post-intervention reductions in anxiety (STAI; Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 1.05) and greater increases in positive affect (SAM Valence; Cohen’s <em>d</em> = 0.63). The neurofeedback group also reported higher participation motivation and a more favorable user experience.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This personalized, positive emotion-guided neurofeedback approach shows preliminary promise as a user-centered strategy for anxiety, pending further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109135
Viktoria Galuba , Lena Harbig , Felix Mülsch , Bernd Feige , Juan Carlos Baldermann , Katharina Domschke , Claus Normann , Stefan Vestring
Impaired neuroplasticity is a core feature underlying many psychiatric disorders. Long-term potentiation (LTP)-like modulation of visually evoked potentials (VEPs), measured via EEG, represents a promising approach to assess plasticity in humans. Recent evidence indicates potential sex differences in VEP-based plasticity. This study investigated sex differences in visual cortical processing and plasticity by quantifying LTP-like modulation of VEPs. We analysed 96 available recordings from 61 women (mean age = 26.53 ± 6.87 years) and 35 men (mean age = 28.77 ± 8.63 years). VEPs were elicited using a checkerboard reversal stimulus (20 s at 2 Hz), presented before and after a 10-minute visual modulation. Post-modulation VEPs were recorded at 2, 8, 12, 18, 22, and 28 min. Amplitude changes from baseline to post-modulation were assessed. Predefined VEP components were analysed using linear mixed-effects models (LMEM), and time-resolved sex differences were evaluated via cluster-based permutation testing. LTP-like modulation was evident in early VEP components—specifically C1, P1, and P1N1 peak-to-peak amplitude indicating dynamic changes in early visual processing from 2 to 8 min post-stimulation. LMEM did not reveal any sex-specific effects in these components. However, time-course analyses identified discrete, significant sex differences in late VEP components in late VEP components at baseline (350–390 ms; p = .043) and 18 min post-modulation (388–426 ms; p = .048). Our findings demonstrate robust LTP-like modulation in early VEP components independent of sex. Subtle sex differences emerged in late, unmodulated VEP components (350–426 ms), likely reflecting variations in attention-related processing rather than plasticity per se.
神经可塑性受损是许多精神疾病的核心特征。通过脑电图测量的视觉诱发电位（vep）的长时程增强（LTP）样调制，代表了一种评估人类可塑性的有前途的方法。最近的证据表明，基于vep的可塑性存在潜在的性别差异。本研究通过量化ltp样的vep调节来研究视觉皮层加工和可塑性的性别差异。我们分析了来自61名女性（平均年龄= 26.53 ± 6.87岁）和35名男性（平均年龄= 28.77 ± 8.63岁）的96份可用记录。在10分钟视觉调制之前和之后，使用棋盘逆转刺激（20 s at 2 Hz）引发vep。在2、8、12、18、22和28 min时记录调制后vep。评估从基线到调制后的幅度变化。使用线性混合效应模型（LMEM）分析预定义VEP成分，并通过基于聚类的排列检验评估时间分辨性别差异。ltp样的调制在早期VEP成分中是明显的，特别是C1、P1和P1N1的峰对峰振幅表明在刺激后2到8 min的早期视觉加工中的动态变化。LMEM未发现这些成分有任何性别特异性的影响。然而，时间过程分析确定了基线时晚期VEP成分的离散性、显著性差异（350-390 ms; p = ）。043)和18 min后调制（388-426 ms; p = .048）。我们的研究结果表明，在早期VEP成分中存在强大的ltp样调节，与性别无关。微妙的性别差异出现在后期，未调节的VEP组件（350-426 ms），可能反映了注意相关加工的差异，而不是可塑性本身。
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Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109129
Jun Wu , Ru Song , Wanchen Li , Jie Liu , Fang Cui
Moral evaluation often involves balancing multiple moral principles, such as prosociality (actions benefiting others) and fairness (equitable resource distribution), yet how these principles interact under the influence of social status remains poorly understood. To address this, we combined behavioral paradigms with event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the temporal dynamics and neural underpinnings of third-party evaluations of allocators varying in social status. Participants rated the morality and willingness to cooperate toward resource allocations differing in prosociality (high/low) and fairness (fair/unfair). Behaviorally, sensitivity to fairness was heightened under high prosociality conditions compared to low prosociality, and social status modulated cooperation intentions- fairness effects were more pronounced for high-status allocators. Neurally, the FRN differentiated fairness more strongly under high prosociality, indicating early-stage fairness monitoring modulated by context. The P3 displayed opposing effects by status: fair proposals from high-status allocators elicited larger P3 amplitudes. These findings support a dual-phase model of moral evaluation: the early FRN reflects rapid, context-dependent fairness monitoring, while late-stage P3 integrates social status information to influence cooperative decisions. Overall, this study reveals how social status shapes third-party moral judgments through distinct neural mechanisms across different temporal stages.
{"title":"Neural dynamics of moral evaluation: Integrating prosociality, fairness, and social status","authors":"Jun Wu , Ru Song , Wanchen Li , Jie Liu , Fang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moral evaluation often involves balancing multiple moral principles, such as prosociality (actions benefiting others) and fairness (equitable resource distribution), yet how these principles interact under the influence of social status remains poorly understood. To address this, we combined behavioral paradigms with event-related potentials (ERPs) to explore the temporal dynamics and neural underpinnings of third-party evaluations of allocators varying in social status. Participants rated the morality and willingness to cooperate toward resource allocations differing in prosociality (high/low) and fairness (fair/unfair). Behaviorally, sensitivity to fairness was heightened under high prosociality conditions compared to low prosociality, and social status modulated cooperation intentions- fairness effects were more pronounced for high-status allocators. Neurally, the FRN differentiated fairness more strongly under high prosociality, indicating early-stage fairness monitoring modulated by context. The P3 displayed opposing effects by status: fair proposals from high-status allocators elicited larger P3 amplitudes. These findings support a dual-phase model of moral evaluation: the early FRN reflects rapid, context-dependent fairness monitoring, while late-stage P3 integrates social status information to influence cooperative decisions. Overall, this study reveals how social status shapes third-party moral judgments through distinct neural mechanisms across different temporal stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55372,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychology","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 109129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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