Biological Psychology最新文献_第5页

Interoceptive abilities in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 成人注意缺陷多动障碍的内感受能力。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109161

Burcu Göz Tebrizcik , Alexandra L. Georgescu, Susannah Pick, Eleanor J. Dommett

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Its symptoms in adulthood may be predominantly inattentive, and attention deficiency can impact external and internal attentional processes. Despite evidence indicating that processing of internal sensory information, interoception, may be impacted in ADHD, this has yet to be fully assessed. Fifty-seven typically developed adults and 30 with an ADHD diagnosis underwent assessment of interoceptive abilities incorporating behavioural and self-reported measures of interoception accuracy (i.e., how accurately body signals can be perceived) and attention (attention focused on interoception). Psychophysiological measurements using the heartbeat counting task (HCT) were used to assess behavioural accuracy, confidence ratings, and interoceptive insight (the relationship between behavioural accuracy and confidence ratings). Additionally, questionnaires assessed self-report accuracy and self-report attention. An analysis of covariance for each component of interoceptive abilities was performed to examine group differences. Individuals with ADHD displayed lower behavioural accuracy, confidence ratings, and self-report accuracy than those without ADHD after controlling for ethnicity, age, autistic traits, alexithymia, depression, or social functioning. Ethnicity, age, and depression also had significant effects on distinct interoceptive abilities. These findings suggest interoceptive impairment maybe a feature of ADHD even after controlling for potentially confounding variables. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limitations of the study, such as the narrow age group and small sample size. More research is needed, utilising a broad range of techniques to confirm differences in interoceptive dimensions in ADHD and their potential impact.

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种神经发育障碍，以注意力不集中、多动和冲动为特征。它在成年期的症状可能主要是注意力不集中，注意力缺乏会影响外部和内部的注意力过程。尽管有证据表明，内部感觉信息的处理，内感受，可能在ADHD中受到影响，但这尚未得到充分的评估。57名典型成年人和30名ADHD患者接受了内感受能力评估，包括行为和自我报告的内感受准确性（即，身体信号被感知的准确性）和注意力（集中在内感受上的注意力）。使用心跳计数任务（HCT）的心理生理学测量用于评估行为准确性、信心评级和内感受洞察力（行为准确性和信心评级之间的关系）。此外，问卷还评估了自我报告的准确性和自我报告的注意力。对内感受能力各组成部分进行协方差分析，以检验组间差异。在控制了种族、年龄、自闭症特征、述情障碍、抑郁或社会功能等因素后，患有ADHD的个体表现出较低的行为准确性、自信评级和自我报告准确性。种族、年龄和抑郁症对不同的内感受能力也有显著影响。这些发现表明，即使在控制了潜在的混杂变量之后，内感受性损伤也可能是多动症的一个特征。然而，由于研究的局限性，如年龄组狭窄和样本量小，这些结果应该谨慎解释。需要更多的研究，利用广泛的技术来确认ADHD在内感受维度上的差异及其潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Social strain and cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress: Examining the mediating role of self-esteem 社会压力与心血管反应对急性心理压力的影响：自尊的中介作用。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109163

Adam O’Riordan , Aisling M. Costello

The primary aims of the current study were to (1) examine the association between perceptions of social strain from a spouse/partner, other family members and friends, and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress, and (2) to identify if the association between perceived social strain and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress was mediated via self-esteem. A sample of 659 participants completed measures assessing social strain from a spouse/partner, from other family members and from friends, and completed a standardized cardiovascular reactivity protocol consisting of resting baseline and stressor phase (mental arithmetic and Stroop). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout the baseline and stressor phases. Greater social strain from family members and from friends were significantly associated with blunted blood pressure reactivity to acute psychological stress. Moreover, diminished self-esteem significantly mediated the association between social strain from all sources and both cardiovascular and psychological responses to acute stress. Results for the association between social strain and cardiovascular reactivity appeared to remain largely robust in follow-up analyses adjusting for perceived social support from various sources. However, after adjusting for depressive symptoms, both the direct and mediating effects of self-esteem on cardiovascular reactivity became non-significant. The direct association between social strain from family members on diminished blood pressure reactivity withstood adjustment for depression. These findings indicate a potential mechanistic pathway that may facilitate the association between social strain and adverse physical health outcomes.

本研究的主要目的是：(1)检验来自配偶/伴侣、其他家庭成员和朋友的社会压力感知与心血管对急性压力反应之间的关系；(2)确定感知社会压力与心血管对急性压力反应之间的关系是否通过自尊介导。659名参与者完成了来自配偶/伴侣、其他家庭成员和朋友的社会压力评估，并完成了由静息基线和压力源阶段（心算和Stroop）组成的标准化心血管反应协议。在整个基线期和应激期监测收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和心率（HR）。来自家庭成员和朋友的更大的社会压力与急性心理压力的钝化血压反应显著相关。此外，自尊的降低显著调节了各种来源的社会压力与急性应激的心血管和心理反应之间的关联。社会压力和心血管反应性之间的关联在调整各种来源的感知社会支持的后续分析中似乎仍然很大程度上是稳健的。然而，在调整抑郁症状后，自尊对心血管反应的直接和中介作用都变得不显著。来自家庭成员的社会压力与降低血压反应之间的直接联系经受住了抑郁症的调整。这些发现提示了一个潜在的机制途径，可能促进社会压力和不良身体健康结果之间的联系。

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引用次数: 0

EEG insights into predictive coding of temporal regularity in shape sequences 脑电图对形状序列时间规律预测编码的见解。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109143

Hoi Yan Mak , Qiduo Lin , Ovid J.L. Tzeng , Hsu-Wen Huang

The human brain extracts statistical regularities from sensory input as a foundational mechanism for anticipating future events. This process, known as statistical learning (SL), underpins predictive coding across diverse sensory modalities and stimulus types. However, the neural dynamics underlying predictive processing of statistical information remain insufficiently understood. To address this, we examined psychophysiological markers linked to the extraction and predictive application of temporal regularities. Electroencephalography signals were recorded from young adults (n = 30) as they performed a visual SL task. Following exposure to a continuous sequence of abstract shapes, participants completed a judgment task with both adjacent and nonadjacent dependencies, in which the final shape of each triplet was presented to either visual field. Behavioral findings revealed that participants responded with greater accuracy to target triplets than to foils, suggesting effective learning of predictive structures. Event-related potential analyses further showed that the final shape in foil triplets elicited a larger N300 component compared to targets irrespective of visual fields. This reflects neural adjustment to prediction errors in statistical structures. In addition, the beta oscillation discrepancy between targets and foils when responded correctly serves as an indication of the ability to predict visual inputs with regularities. The results demonstrate bilateral engagement in predictive processing of statistical regularities, with the N300 component and rhythmic entrainment specifically indexing the prediction and validation of learned temporal patterns. Our findings elucidate the neural dynamics in predictive processing, offering new insight into how the brain utilizes statistical regularities to anticipate and interpret sensory input.

人脑从感官输入中提取统计规律，作为预测未来事件的基本机制。这个过程被称为统计学习（SL），它支持不同感觉模式和刺激类型的预测编码。然而，统计信息预测处理背后的神经动力学仍然没有得到充分的理解。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了与时间规律的提取和预测应用相关的心理生理标记。记录年轻成人（n = 30）在执行视觉SL任务时的脑电图信号。在暴露于连续的抽象形状序列之后，参与者完成了一个具有相邻和非相邻依赖关系的判断任务，其中每个三联的最终形状被呈现在任意一个视野中。行为研究结果显示，参与者对目标三联的反应比对箔片的反应更准确，这表明预测结构的有效学习。事件相关电位分析进一步表明，与视野无关，与目标相比，箔三联体的最终形状引起了更大的N300成分。这反映了统计结构对预测误差的神经调节。此外，当反应正确时，目标和箔片之间的β振荡差异表明有规律地预测视觉输入的能力。研究结果表明，在统计规律的预测处理中，N300分量和节奏蕴涵特别索引了学习到的时间模式的预测和验证。我们的研究结果阐明了预测处理中的神经动力学，为大脑如何利用统计规律来预测和解释感觉输入提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Learning influences the attentional capture and suppression of abrupt onset and color singletons: Evidence from event- related potential studies 学习影响突然发作和颜色单发的注意捕获和抑制：来自事件相关电位研究的证据。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109146

Chen Hu, Yinglong Li, Shimin Fu

While most prior research has emphasized the role of saliency in attentional capture and suppression, it has largely overlooked learning experience—an equally critical factor. Yet, the relative contributions of saliency and learning experience may jointly shape attentional priority. In this study, we investigate whether the learning experience can enable suppression of attentional capture by abrupt onsets, thereby testing the applicability of Signal Suppression Theory to such stimuli. To this end, event-related potential (ERP) techniques were employed to examine changes in N2pc (indicating attentional capture) and P_D (reflecting suppression) across the learning process. Participants completed four repeated visual search tasks over three days to establish implicit learning. Behaviorally, the interference effect caused by abrupt onsets persisted both before and after learning, although it was significantly reduced with increased learning experience. In contrast, color singletons were suppressed to baseline levels pre-learning and below baseline post-learning. Electrophysiological results revealed that the N2pc amplitude elicited by targets increased after learning, whereas the N2pc to distractors remained unchanged. Furthermore, the late P_D elicited by abrupt onsets decreased following learning, while the P_D associated with color singletons was unaffected by learning. Taken together, these findings suggest that top-down implicit learning does not fully eliminate but attenuates the processing of highly salient distractors, indicating that Signal Suppression Theory is not applicable to abrupt onsets. This study demonstrates that suppression through implicit learning primarily arises from enhanced target-related attentional capture and reduced late-stage suppression of distractors.

虽然大多数先前的研究都强调了显著性在注意力捕获和抑制中的作用，但它在很大程度上忽视了学习经验——一个同样重要的因素。然而，显著性和学习经验的相对贡献可能共同形成注意优先级。在本研究中，我们探讨学习经验是否能够抑制突然发作的注意捕获，从而检验信号抑制理论对这种刺激的适用性。为此，我们采用事件相关电位（ERP）技术来检测N2pc（表明注意捕获）和PD（反映抑制）在整个学习过程中的变化。参与者在三天内完成了四项重复的视觉搜索任务，以建立内隐学习。在行为上，突发性发作引起的干扰效应在学习前后都持续存在，尽管随着学习经验的增加，这种干扰效应显著降低。相比之下，颜色单一性被抑制到学习前的基线水平和学习后的基线水平以下。电生理结果显示，学习后目标诱发的N2pc振幅增加，而分心诱发的N2pc振幅保持不变。此外，突发性PD在学习后减少，而与颜色单一相关的PD则不受学习的影响。综上所述，这些研究结果表明，自上而下的内隐学习并没有完全消除，而是减弱了高度显著的干扰因素的加工，这表明信号抑制理论并不适用于突然发作。本研究表明，内隐学习的抑制主要源于目标相关注意捕获的增强和干扰物后期抑制的减少。

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引用次数: 0

Altered resting-state effective connectivity between reward and inhibition networks in restrained eaters with high disinhibition 高去抑制约束进食者静息状态奖赏与抑制网络有效连通性的改变

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109166

Shaorui Wang , Mingyue Xiao , Jinfeng Han , Yicen Cui , Xiaoyi Li , Hong Chen

Disinhibition, defined as the loss of dietary control in response to emotional distress or external food cues despite sustained restraint efforts, is a major contributor to weight gain and eating pathology among restrained eaters. Previous studies have associated altered functional connectivity between the reward and inhibition networks with disinhibited eating, however, the directional architecture of these interactions during resting state remains unclear. This study employed spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling (spDCM) to examine directional influences between the reward and inhibition networks in 83 restrained eaters divided into high- and low-disinhibition groups. Results revealed that individuals with high disinhibition exhibited reduced inhibitory modulation from a key node of the reward network (right mOFC) to nodes within the inhibition network (right dlPFC and bilateral IPLs), alongside disrupted intra-network connectivity within the inhibition network, characterized by hemispheric asymmetry. These findings suggest that altered resting-state directional interactions between the reward and inhibition networks may impair cognitive control and increase susceptibility to disinhibited eating. The results provide a mechanistic basis for developing targeted interventions, such as neuromodulation or cognitive training, to improve dietary self-regulation.

去抑制，定义为对情绪困扰或外部食物线索的饮食控制的丧失，尽管持续的克制努力，是克制食者体重增加和饮食病理的主要原因。先前的研究已经将奖励和抑制网络之间功能连接的改变与去抑制进食联系起来，然而，静息状态下这些相互作用的方向结构仍不清楚。本研究采用光谱动态因果模型（spDCM）研究了83名被分为高抑制解除组和低抑制解除组的克制进食者的奖励和抑制网络之间的定向影响。结果显示，高去抑制个体表现出从奖励网络关键节点（右侧mOFC）到抑制网络节点（右侧dlPFC和双侧ipl）的抑制调节减少，同时抑制网络内网络连接中断，其特征是半球不对称。这些发现表明，奖赏和抑制网络之间静息状态定向相互作用的改变可能损害认知控制并增加对解除抑制进食的易感性。研究结果为制定有针对性的干预措施，如神经调节或认知训练，以改善饮食自我调节提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Neural mechanisms underlying approach and avoidance tendencies in alcohol use among males: An electrophysiological investigation 男性酒精使用的接近和回避倾向的神经机制：一项电生理调查。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109144

Adarsh K. Verma , Adith Deva Kumar , Usha Chivukula , Neeraj Kumar

A growing body of research highlights the prominent role of automatic alcohol approach tendencies in the development and maintenance of harmful drinking behavior. While some alcohol users show an approach towards alcohol-related stimuli, others exhibit avoidance patterns. Yet, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these opposing tendencies remain poorly understood. The current study addressed this gap by employing an Alcohol Approach-Avoidance Task (A-AAT) combined with electroencephalography on thirty-nine alcohol-using and twenty non-alcoholic participants to investigate neurocognitive responses underlying alcohol approach and avoidance tendencies. Alcohol group participants were categorized into approach (n = 20) and avoidance (n = 19) subgroups based on their behavioral scores in the A-AAT. Results revealed significant attenuation in P3 and FN400 event-related potentials (ERPs) in the alcohol-approach participants at frontal and parietal sites, respectively, in response to alcohol cues compared to both the alcohol-avoidance and non-alcohol participants. These attenuated responses indicate compromised controlled cue processing and impaired stimulus-response conflict resolution in individuals with stronger approach tendencies. Particularly, right prefrontal activity exhibited prominent differences between the approach and avoidance groups, highlighting its potential role in regulating automatic alcohol-related responses. Interestingly, the avoidance group showed neural profiles similar to non-alcoholic individuals, suggesting intact cognitive control mechanisms. The identified ERP markers provide clinical utility for assessing alcohol approach tendencies and monitoring progress during intervention. Findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions aimed at reducing harmful alcohol consumption by altering alcohol approach tendencies.

越来越多的研究强调了自动饮酒倾向在有害饮酒行为的发展和维持中的突出作用。虽然一些饮酒者对酒精相关刺激表现出接近态度，但其他人则表现出回避模式。然而，这些对立倾向背后的神经认知机制仍然知之甚少。目前的研究通过对39名酗酒者和20名非酗酒者进行酒精接近-回避任务（A-AAT）和脑电图结合来调查酒精接近和回避倾向背后的神经认知反应，从而解决了这一空白。酒精组参与者根据他们在A-AAT中的行为得分被分为接近组（n=20）和回避组（n=19）。结果显示，与不饮酒和不饮酒的参与者相比，酒精接近参与者的前额叶和顶叶部位的P3和FN400事件相关电位（ERPs）在酒精提示下分别显著衰减。这些减弱的反应表明，在接近倾向较强的个体中，受控制的线索处理受损，刺激-反应冲突解决受损。特别是，右前额叶活动在接近组和回避组之间表现出显著的差异，突出了其在调节自动酒精相关反应中的潜在作用。有趣的是，戒酒组的神经图谱与非酗酒者相似，表明认知控制机制完好无损。确定的ERP标记为评估酒精倾向和监测干预期间的进展提供了临床效用。研究结果强调了通过改变饮酒倾向来减少有害酒精消费的针对性干预措施的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Post-learning stress after a heartbeat perception training facilitates interoceptive accuracy in the heartbeat counting task, but not in the heartbeat discrimination task 心跳知觉训练后的学习后压力有助于心跳计数任务的内感受准确性，但不利于心跳辨别任务的内感受准确性。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109172

R. Müller , C. Vögele , I. Van Diest , A. Schulz

Interoceptive accuracy (IAc), assessed using the heartbeat counting task (HCT), increased after a heartbeat perception training (HBPT) and a post-learning stressor (i.e., the socially-evaluated cold pressor test; SECPT), suggesting facilitation of interoceptive perceptual learning after stress. Here we investigated whether this effect is due to undergoing HBPT or repeatedly performing the HCT, and if this effect is also observable in the heartbeat discrimination task (HDT). Healthy adults (N = 96, 80 women; 18 – 41 years; university students and staff, local community), were randomly assigned to one of four groups, two of which received HBPT, either followed by SECPT or a control condition (HBPT+stress / HBPT-stress, respectively). The other two groups completed an exteroceptive perceptual learning paradigm (visual perception task; VPT), followed by the SECPT or the control condition (VPT+stress / VPT-stress). We assessed IAc using the HCT and the HDT before (T1), 30 min (T2) and 24 h after the SECPT / control intervention (T3). The SECPT induced increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, salivary cortisol, as well as of self-reported stress and pain. IAc in the HCT increased from T1 to T2 and to T3 in the HBPT+stress group only, whereas no effect was observed for IAc based on the HDT. Regression analyses indicated that lower cortisol responsiveness to the SECPT was associated with a larger increase in HCT based IAc over the 24 h interval (T2 to T3), suggesting that stronger cortisol responses inhibits overnight consolidation in interoceptive perceptual learning.

使用心跳计数任务（HCT）评估的内感受准确性（IAc）在心跳感知训练（HBPT）和学习后应激源（即社会评价冷压测试；SECPT）后增加，表明应激后内感受知觉学习的促进。在这里，我们研究了这种影响是由于接受HBPT还是重复执行HCT，以及这种影响是否在心跳辨别任务（HDT）中也可以观察到。健康成人（N = 96, 80名女性；18 - 41岁；大学学生和工作人员，当地社区）随机分为四组，其中两组接受HBPT，然后接受SECPT或对照组（HBPT+应激/ HBPT-应激）。另外两组先完成外感受性知觉学习范式（视觉知觉任务；VPT），然后再完成外感受性知觉学习范式或对照条件（VPT+应激/ VPT-应激）。我们在SECPT /对照干预前（T1）、30min （T2）和24h后（T3）使用HCT和HDT评估IAc。SECPT诱导收缩压和舒张压、心率、唾液皮质醇以及自我报告的压力和疼痛的增加。仅在HBPT+应激组中，HCT中的IAc从T1增加到T2，并增加到T3，而基于HDT的IAc未观察到任何影响。回归分析表明，在24小时间隔（T2至T3）内，较低的皮质醇对SECPT的反应与基于HCT的IAc的较大增加相关，这表明较强的皮质醇反应抑制了隔夜内感受性知觉学习的巩固。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of virtual reality-based training for soccer players on anticipatory brain functions and cognitive skills 基于虚拟现实的足球运动员训练对预期脑功能和认知技能的影响。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109168

Andrea Casella , Camilla Panacci , Merve Aydin , Luca Boccacci , Giulio Lodi , Benjamin Greenhough , Michael Parsons , Francesco Di Russo

The present study examines the impact of a sport-specific training program based on virtual reality (VR) in young semi-elitè soccer players on cognitive performance and on anticipatory brain functions using the event-related potential (ERP) method. In this randomized control trial, the participants were divided into two groups: a control group, which followed a standard soccer training program, and an experimental group, which followed the same training but underwent an additional VR training session once a week. Results indicated that after eight weeks of training, the experimental group only showed a notable enhancement of anticipatory brain activity in the prefrontal cortex as evidenced by a 40 % increase in the prefrontal negativity (pN) ERP component. The motor preparatory activity in the premotor cortex indexed by the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) component was comparable between groups before the training and larger in the experimental group after it. Furthermore, the experimental group only showed enhanced cognitive performance improving response speed and accuracy in a discrimination response task. These findings indicate that using VR protocol in conventional soccer training may enhance cognitive anticipatory brain processing underlying top-down cognitive functions. This likely boosted cognitive performance. In conclusion, we confirmed the potential of immersive technologies to facilitate the integration of cognitive training in sports.

本研究使用事件相关电位（ERP）方法研究了基于虚拟现实（VR）的年轻足球运动员专项训练计划对认知表现和预期脑功能的影响。在这项随机对照试验中，参与者被分为两组：对照组遵循标准的足球训练计划，实验组遵循相同的训练，但每周进行一次额外的VR训练。结果表明，经过8周的训练，实验组仅表现出前额叶皮层预期性脑活动的显著增强，其证据是前额叶负性（pN） ERP成分增加了40%。运动电位（BP）指标在运动前皮层的运动准备活动在训练前各组之间具有可比性，训练后实验组的运动准备活动更大。此外，实验组仅在辨别反应任务中表现出认知能力的提高，反应速度和准确性得到提高。这些发现表明，在常规足球训练中使用VR协议可能会增强自上而下认知功能的认知预期脑加工。这可能会提高认知能力。总之，我们证实了沉浸式技术促进认知训练在运动中的整合的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

How temperament shapes the network of attention: Insights from the attention network test and pupil dilation 气质如何塑造注意力网络：来自注意力网络测试和瞳孔扩张的见解。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109167

S. Lozito , A. Scuderi , G. Pertosa , V. Piga , S. Lo Presti , F. Doricchi , S. Lasaponara

Attention is presented in Posner's model as supported by alerting, orienting, and executive brain networks, each predominantly modulated by norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine, respectively. The Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET) model posits that the same neurotransmitters also underlie three core temperamental domains: maintenance of behaviour, behavioural orientation, and speed of integration. Here, we aimed to investigate the overlap between attentional networks and temperament dimensions. Moreover, we checked whether inter-individual differences in temperament are associated with behavioural and neurophysiological modulations of attentional function. Eighty-nine healthy adults (M=35, F=54) completed the Attention Network Test (ANT) while pupillary responses were recorded. Structure of Temperament Questionnaire (STQ-77) was also administered. Temperamental effects on behavioural performance were assessed through linear mixed-effects models and hierarchical linear regressions, while overall and trait-dependent pupillary activity was analysed using cluster-based permutation tests. Individuals with lower ergonicity and cognitive integration abilities exhibited a more pronounced incongruency effect on manual reaction times. Lower scores in temperamental traits belonging to the orientation dimension resulted in reduced accuracy in incongruent trials. Within the cue-target interval, individuals with a high level of neuroticism exhibited sustained pupil dilation. During the same interval, anticipatory dilation was found in individuals with lower probabilistic reasoning, reduced ability to engage in prolonged socio-verbal activities, and high inhibitory control. These findings support a temperament-based modulation of both behavioural and physiological correlates of attention, accounting for inter-individual differences. By integrating cognitive and autonomic measures, our study provides novel insight into how stable individual traits shape dynamic attentional control.

在波斯纳的模型中，注意力是由警报、定向和执行脑网络支持的，它们分别主要由去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱和多巴胺调节。气质的功能集合（FET）模型认为，同样的神经递质也构成了三个核心气质领域的基础：行为维持、行为取向和整合速度。在这里，我们旨在研究注意网络和气质维度之间的重叠。此外，我们还检查了气质的个体间差异是否与注意功能的行为和神经生理调节有关。89名健康成人（M=35， F=54）完成了注意网络测试（Attention Network Test， ANT），同时记录了瞳孔反应。同时进行气质结构问卷（STQ-77）。通过线性混合效应模型和层次线性回归评估了气质对行为表现的影响，而使用基于聚类的排列测试分析了整体和性状依赖的瞳孔活动。人体工效性和认知整合能力较低的个体在手动反应时间上表现出更明显的不一致效应。倾向维度的气质特征得分较低导致不一致试验的准确性降低。在提示-目标间隔内，高度神经质的个体表现出持续的瞳孔扩张。在相同的时间间隔内，预期扩张出现在概率推理较低、参与长时间社会语言活动能力较低、抑制控制能力较高的个体中。这些发现支持了一种以气质为基础的注意力行为和生理相关调节，解释了个体间的差异。通过整合认知和自主测量，我们的研究为稳定的个体特征如何塑造动态注意力控制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on subthreshold affective symptoms and perceived stress: Findings from a single-blinded randomized trial in community-dwelling adults 经皮迷走神经刺激对阈下情感症状和感知压力的影响：来自社区成人单盲随机试验的结果

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Biological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2025.109169

Marta Jackowska , Julian Koenig , Veronika Cibulcova , Vera K. Jandackova

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) lowers depression and anxiety in clinical populations, but its preventive utility in alleviating subthreshold depression and anxiety symptoms or perceived stress in the general population is uncertain. In this single-blinded randomized controlled trial 70 participants (28 men; M_age 49,33 years, 18–75 age range) were allocated to four groups: early active or sham tVNS and late active or sham tVNS to explore outcome changes between the preintervention and postintervention in active and sham groups, changes after active and sham stimulation ended in the early groups, or outcomes during waiting time in the late groups. Early intervention and sham groups received daily 4 h tVNS between Day 0 and 13, while late intervention and sham groups received tVNS between day 14 and 28. Active tVNS was delivered via transcutaneous electrical stimulation on the left tragus and sham tVNS was applied on the left earlobe. Affective symptoms and stress were measured with questionnaires. Effects of active tVNS stimulation were superior to sham stimulation in early phase groups, but not in late phase groups, for anxiety symptoms and perceived stress, with no superior effects of tVNS against sham detected for depressive symptoms. Our study tentatively indicates that tVNS application could be scaled-up to a population level to potentially mitigate stress vulnerability and higher anxiety, which are often prevalent in older adults and increased in the ageing process.

经皮迷走神经刺激（tVNS）可降低临床人群的抑郁和焦虑，但其在缓解阈下抑郁和焦虑症状或普通人群感知压力方面的预防作用尚不确定。在这项单盲随机对照试验中，70名参与者（28名男性，年龄49岁，33岁，18-75岁）被分为四组：早期激活或假tVNS和晚期激活或假tVNS，以探讨干预前和干预后活跃组和假tVNS的结果变化，早期组主动和假刺激结束后的变化，或晚期组等待时间的结果。早期干预组和假手术组在第0天至第13天每天接受4小时电视刺激，晚期干预组和假手术组在第14天至第28天接受电视刺激。主动tVNS经皮电刺激于左耳屏，假tVNS经皮电刺激于左耳垂。情感症状和压力用问卷测量。在早期阶段组中，主动tVNS刺激对焦虑症状和感知压力的影响优于假刺激，但在后期阶段组中则没有，在抑郁症状方面，主动tVNS刺激对假刺激的影响没有优势。我们的研究初步表明，tVNS的应用可以扩大到人口水平，以潜在地减轻压力脆弱性和更高的焦虑，这通常在老年人中普遍存在，并随着年龄的增长而增加。

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