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Revisiting the formation of midgut epithelium in Zygentoma (Insecta) from a developmental study of the firebrat Thermobia domestica (Packard, 1873) (Lepismatidae) 从家蝇(Packard, 1873) (Lepismatidae)的发育研究再看Zygentoma(昆虫科)中肠上皮的形成
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101237
Shodo Mtow , Tadaaki Tsutsumi , Mika Masumoto , Ryuichiro Machida

Zygentoma is an order of wingless insects, representing the sister group of Pterygota and constituting Dicondylia together with Pterygota. Contrasting views exist regarding midgut epithelium formation in Zygentoma. According to some reports, in Zygentoma, the midgut epithelium is entirely derived from yolk cells as in other wingless orders; however, according to other reports, the midgut epithelium is of dual origin in Zygentoma, similar to that in Palaeoptera of Pterygota, i.e., the anterior and posterior midgut epithelia are stomodaeal and proctodaeal respectively, whereas the middle part of the midgut originates from yolk cells. Aiming to provide a sound basis to evaluate the true image of midgut epithelium formation in Zygentoma, we examined the formation of the midgut epithelium in detail in Thermobia domestica, and concluded that the midgut epithelium is exclusively derived from yolk cells in Zygentoma, without the stomodaeal and proctodaeal elements involved in its formation. The participation of the anlagen differentiated at or around the stomodaeal and proctodaeal extremities in the formation of the midgut epithelium (bipolar formation) may be regarded as having first appeared not in Dicondylia but in Pterygota, of which the major part is represented by Neoptera with the midgut epithelium formed through bipolar formation.

Zygentoma是无翅昆虫的一目,是翼形目的姐妹类群,与翼形目共同构成双翅目。关于Zygentoma中肠上皮的形成存在不同的观点。根据一些报道,在Zygentoma中,与其他无翅目一样,中肠上皮完全来自蛋黄细胞;然而,根据其他报道,Zygentoma的中肠上皮具有双重起源,类似于翼形目的古翅目,即前、后中肠上皮分别为口窝状和前窝状,而中肠中部起源于卵黄细胞。为了更好地评价Zygentoma中肠上皮形成的真实图像,我们对家热蝇(Thermobia domestica)中肠上皮的形成进行了详细的研究,得出结论:Zygentoma中肠上皮完全来源于蛋黄细胞,没有气孔和直肠成分参与其形成。在口端和前端或其周围分化的胶原参与中肠上皮的形成(双极形成),可以认为不是首先出现在双孔目,而是首先出现在翼目,其中以新翅目为主要代表,其中肠上皮是通过双极形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Fine structure of the female genital system of diving beetle Stictonectes optatus (Seidlitz, 1887) (Dytiscidae-Hydroporinae) and evidence of mating plug formation 潜水甲虫Stictonectes optatus (Seidlitz, 1887) (Dytiscidae-Hydroporinae)雌性生殖系统的精细结构和交配塞形成的证据
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101250
Romano Dallai, David Mercati, Pietro Paolo Fanciulli, Pietro Lupetti

The general organization of the female genital system of the diving beetle Stictonectes optatus was studied, clarifying the complex structure of the spermatheca and spermathecal gland. The two structures adhere closely to each other, sharing a small area of their cuticular epithelium. A long duct connects the bursa copulatrix to the spermatheca, where the sperm are stored. The sperm reach the common oviduct, where egg fertilization occurs, via a fertilization duct. The spermathecal gland cells have extracellular cisterns where secretions are stored. Thin ducts composed of duct-forming cells transport these secretions to the apical gland region and into the spermathecal lumen. Soon after mating, the bursa copulatrix is almost completely occupied by a plug secreted by the male accessory glands. The secretions of the bursa epithelium seem to contribute to plug formation. Later this plug becomes large and spherical, obstructing the bursa copulatrix.

研究了眼刺虫雌性生殖系统的一般组织,阐明了受精囊和受精囊腺的复杂结构。这两个结构紧密地粘附在一起,共用一小块表皮上皮。一根长长的导管将交配囊与精子储存的受精囊连接起来。精子通过受精管到达卵子受精的共同输卵管。受精囊腺细胞有细胞外贮液池,贮液池中储存着分泌物。由导管形成细胞组成的细导管将这些分泌物输送到顶端腺区域并进入受精囊腔。交配后不久,交配囊几乎完全被雄性附属腺分泌的塞子占据。法氏囊上皮的分泌物似乎有助于栓塞的形成。后来,这个塞子变得又大又球形,阻塞了交配囊。
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引用次数: 3
Vibrational and acoustic signal production in arthropods editorial 节肢动物振动和声学信号的产生
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101253
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引用次数: 0
Morphology and location of sensilla in the antennae and ovipositor of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) 夜姬姬蜂触角及产卵器中感受器的形态及位置(膜翅目:夜姬蜂科)
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101252
Enhua Hao , Rui Liu , Ruirui Xu , Pengfei Lu , Haili Qiao

The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest that was reported in China in 2013 and mostly damages Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Reverse chemical ecology, which uses chemical lures to catch or block insects from mating is the classic way to control forestry pests. This indicates that insect sensilla play a crucial role in detecting external chemical and physical stimuli. Nonetheless, the categorization and distribution of sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of S. noctilio are insufficiently specific. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the sensilla of S. noctilio on the antenna and ovipositor. It was found that the types and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of S. noctilio male and female are consistent, and six types of sensilla are found: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla chaetica (SC), Böhm bristles (BB), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla ampullacea (SA), and contact chemoreceptors (CC). Besides, there are five types of sensilla on the female ovipositor. In addition to ST, SC and BB, two more types of sensilla are also found: sensilla cavity (SCa) and sensilla coeloconica (SCo). Through identification of the morphology and distribution of the sensilla, the functions of different sensilla in the mating and host selection mechanisms of S. noctilio are proposed, thereby establishing a foundation for S. noctilio chemical communication research.

木胡蜂(Sirex noctilio Fabricius)是2013年中国报告的一种主要危害蒙古松的检疫性害虫。逆向化学生态学是控制森林害虫的经典方法,它使用化学诱饵来捕获或阻止昆虫交配。这表明昆虫的感受器在检测外部化学和物理刺激方面起着至关重要的作用。然而,夜蛾触角和产卵器上感受器的分类和分布还不够具体。本文采用扫描电镜(SEM)对夜蛾触角和产卵器上的感受器的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,雌雄夜蛾触角上的感受器类型和分布一致,分别为毛感器(ST)、毛感器(SC)、Böhm刚毛感器(BB)、基本感器(SB)、壶状感器(SA)和接触化学感受器(CC) 6种。此外,雌性产卵者的感受器有五种类型。除了ST、SC和BB外,还发现了另外两种类型的感觉器:感觉腔(SCa)和感觉腔(SCo)。通过对感受器形态和分布的鉴定,提出不同感受器在夜蛾交配和寄主选择机制中的作用,从而为夜蛾化学通讯研究奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
The ultrastructure of the rostral gland in soldiers of Verrucositermes tuberosus (Blattodea: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) 结节疣子虫(疣子亚纲:白蚁科:白蚁科)喙腺超微结构的研究
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101238
Cédric Aumont , Tereza Beránková , Dino P. McMahon , Renate Radek , Pierre D. Akama , David Sillam-Dussès , Jan Šobotník

The soil-feeding habit is an evolutionary novelty found in some advanced groups of termites. The study of such groups is important to revealing interesting adaptations to this way-of-life. The genus Verrucositermes is one such example, characterized by peculiar outgrowths on the head capsule, antennae and maxillary palps, which are not found in any other termite. These structures have been hypothesized to be linked to the presence of a new exocrine organ, the rostral gland, whose structure has remained unexplored. We have thus studied the ultrastructure of the epidermal layer of the head capsule of Verrucositermes tuberosus soldiers. We describe the ultrastructure of the rostral gland, which consists of class 3 secretory cells only. The dominant secretory organelles comprise rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which provide secretions delivered to the surface of the head, likely made of peptide-derived components of unclear function. We discuss a possible role of the rostral gland of soldiers as an adaptation to the frequent encounter with soil pathogens during search for new food resources.

土食习性是在一些高级白蚁群中发现的进化新现象。对这些群体的研究对于揭示对这种生活方式的有趣适应非常重要。Verrucositermes属就是这样一个例子,其特点是在头囊、触角和上颌触须上有特殊的生长,这在任何其他白蚁中都没有发现。这些结构被假设与一种新的外分泌器官——吻腺的存在有关,其结构尚未被探索。因此,我们研究了疣子头囊表皮层的超微结构。我们描述了吻侧腺的超微结构,它仅由3类分泌细胞组成。主要的分泌细胞器包括粗糙的内质网和高尔基体,它们向头部表面提供分泌物,可能由功能不明的肽衍生成分组成。我们讨论了士兵的吻腺作为适应在寻找新的食物资源期间频繁遇到土壤病原体的可能作用。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of the reproductive system in calanoid copepods: A new approach using 3D reconstructions from serial semi-thin cross-sections in Calanus glacialis and Metridia longa 冰Calanus glacialis和Metridia longa的连续半薄截面三维重建研究冰Calanus cop足类动物的生殖系统
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101249
Daria A. Yurikova , Ksenia N. Kosobokova , Alexandra S. Savchenko

The structure of the female reproductive system of the calanoid copepods Calanus glacialis and Metridia longa from the White Sea was studied using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy. For the first time, we applied also the method of 3D reconstructions from semi-thin cross-sections to visualize the general plan of the reproductive system in both species. The application of a combination of methods provided novel and detailed information on the genital structures and muscles located in the genital double-somite (GDS) as well as structures used for the reception and storage of spermatozoa, fertilization and release of eggs. An unpaired ventral apodeme and associated muscles located in the GDS are described for the first time for calanoid copepods. The role of this structure in copepod reproduction is discussed. Stages of oogenesis and the mechanism of yolk formation in M. longa are studied using semi-thin sections for the first time. A combination of non-invasive (LM, CLSM, SEM) and invasive techniques (semi-thin sections and TEM) applied in this study substantially improves our understanding of the functioning of the genital structures in calanoid copepods and could be recommended as a standard set of methods for future research in the reproductive biology of copepods.

利用光学显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜以及共聚焦激光扫描显微镜研究了来自白海的Calanus glacialis和Metridia longa的类桡足类雌性生殖系统的结构。我们还首次应用了从半薄横截面进行三维重建的方法来可视化这两个物种的生殖系统的总体规划。多种方法的结合应用提供了关于生殖器双体节(GDS)中的生殖器结构和肌肉以及用于精子接收和储存、受精和卵子释放的结构的新的详细信息。首次描述了蛛网膜桡足类位于GDS的不成对腹侧apodeme和相关肌肉。讨论了这种结构在桡足类繁殖中的作用。首次用半薄切片法研究了龙舌兰卵子发生的阶段和卵黄形成的机制。本研究中应用的非侵入性(LM、CLSM、SEM)和侵入性技术(半薄切片和TEM)的结合大大提高了我们对蛛网膜桡足类生殖结构功能的理解,并可作为未来桡足类繁殖生物学研究的标准方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Spongiform Tissue in Strumigenys Ants Contains Exocrine Glands 巨蚁的海绵状组织中含有外分泌腺
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4265214
Chu Wang, Fu-Ya Chung, Chung-Chi Lin, Joshua C. Gibson, Sara McGuire, Andrew V. Suarez, Johan Billen
The insect cuticle is multifunctional and often includes projections used for support, communication or protection. Ants in the genus Strumigenys exhibit a peculiar honeycomb-like spongiform tissue that covers their petiole, postpetiole and sometimes also the posterior mesosoma and anterior part of the first gastral segment. The tissue is abundantly developed in workers and queens, and much reduced in males. We found this spongiform tissue is associated with a novel exocrine gland that is made up by class-3 secretory cells that are clustered underneath the major pillars of the cuticular extensions, their associated narrow ducts enter these extensions and open at the surface through small pores. The chemical nature and function of the secretion are still unknown. The honeycomb texture may act in the storage and dispersion of the glandular secretions. In addition to the spongiform tissue gland, the posterior region of the petiole and postpetiole also contain intersegmental petiole and postpetiole glands, of which the ducts open through the intersegmental membrane that forms the connection with the next segment. Future work aimed at identifying the chemicals secreted by these glands will shed light onto the function of these unusual structures.
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引用次数: 1
Ultrastructure of the dorsal ocellus of Bittacus planus larvae (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) with evolutionary significance 平斑螯蟹幼虫背细胞超微结构及其进化意义
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101234
Wan-Ruo Ma , Qing-Xiao Chen , Jia-Li Bai , Bao-Zhen Hua

The Bittacidae are unique in holometabolous insects in that their larvae bear a dorsal ocellus on the frons. The fine structure of the dorsal ocellus, however, has not been investigated to date. Here, the ultrastructure of the larval dorsal ocellus was studied in the hangingfly Bittacus planus Cheng, 1949 using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The dorsal ocellus of the larvae comprises a cornea, corneagenous cells, and retinula cells. The cornea is a laminated structure. A layer of corneagenous cells is located below the cornea. Numerous retinula cells are arranged tightly beneath the corneagenous cells. The retinula cells modify their adjacent membranes into numerous linear microvilli, which form an analogue of the rhabdom among adjacent retinula cells. The results show that the dorsal ocellus of larval Bittacidae is a highly vestigial organ and appears to be degenerating during the postembryonic development. The presence of the vestigial dorsal ocellus is likely to represent an ancestral plesiomorphy of holometabolous insects, providing new evidence for exploring the evolutionary origin of holometabolous larvae.

Bittacidae在全变态昆虫中是独特的,因为它们的幼虫在叶子上有一个背角细胞。然而,到目前为止,背角细胞的精细结构尚未得到研究。本文采用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法,对1949年悬挂的扁齿鲨幼虫背角细胞的超微结构进行了研究。幼虫的背角细胞包括角膜、角质形成细胞和视网膜细胞。角膜是一种层状结构。角膜下方有一层角质细胞。许多视网膜细胞紧密排列在角质形成细胞下方。视网膜细胞将其相邻的膜修饰成许多线性微绒毛,这些微绒毛在相邻的视网膜细胞之间形成横纹肌体的类似物。研究结果表明,斑蝶幼虫的背角细胞是一个高度退化的器官,在胚胎后发育过程中似乎正在退化。残留的背角细胞的存在可能代表了全代谢组昆虫的祖先类同形态,为探索全代谢组幼虫的进化起源提供了新的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Morphology of interommatidial sensilla of Discocephalini (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae) 蝶头虫的胞间感受器形态(异翅目:蝽科:蝶头虫科)
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101216
Breno Batista Campos , André Oliveira Correia , Luiz Alexandre Campos , José Antônio Marin Fernandes

Interommatidial sensilla have been explored for their taxonomic value and other aspects in Diptera and Lepidoptera. In Heteroptera, Eurystethus is the only genus where these structures were examined in delimiting subgenera and species. This study investigates the presence, distribution, and morphology of interommatidial sensilla in Discocephalinae species and discusses the sensilla's value for cladistic and taxonomic appraisals. Twenty species of 18 genera were analyzed: 16 Discocephalini genera, one genus in Ochlerini, and one genus in Edessinae. Species' heads were observed from photographs taken with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From these images, we identified eleven types of sensilla, classified into chaetica, trichoidea and coeloconica. In LM, only sensilla chaetica with a length of 40–100 μm were visible, present in six species. Under the SEM at least one type of sensillum was visible in 19 of the 20 species analyzed. No difference between the various kinds of sensilla were apparent between males and females or adults and nymphs of a given species. Both subgenera of Eurysthetus have the same type of sensillum (chaeticum type I), which suggests this is not a delimiting feature. We conclude that sensilla chaetica can be a valuable character to delimit groups of genera within Discocephalini.

在直翅目和鳞翅目昆虫中,目间感受器的分类价值和其他方面已经得到了探索。在异翅目中,Eurystehus是唯一一个在划分亚属和物种时对这些结构进行了检查的属。本研究调查了球头菌科物种中甲间感受器的存在、分布和形态,并讨论了该感受器在分支和分类学评估中的价值。对18属20种进行了分析:盘头蝶属16属,赭蝶属1属,雪蝶科1属。从光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的照片中观察到物种的头部。从这些图像中,我们确定了11种类型的感觉器,分为毛状、毛状和共状。在LM中,只有长度为40–100μm的毛感器可见,存在于6个物种中。在扫描电镜下,在所分析的20个物种中,有19个物种可见至少一种类型的感器。不同种类的感受器在雄性和雌性、成年和若虫之间没有明显差异。Eurysthetus的两个亚属都有相同类型的感受器(毛状体I型),这表明这不是一个分界特征。我们得出的结论是,毛感器可能是盘头菌属内划分属群的一个有价值的特征。
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引用次数: 1
Antennal and maxillary palp morphology, and sensillar equipment, of the spruce bark beetle predators, Medetera signaticornis and Medetera infumata (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) 云杉树皮甲虫捕食者——刺足螨和刺足螨的触须和上颌触须形态及感受器(双翅目:刺足螨科)
IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101229
Maria Sousa , Rickard Ignell , Marc Pollet , Kristina K. Green , Paul G. Becher , Göran Birgersson

Many long-legged Medetera flies are natural enemies of bark beetle pests, which they detect using olfactory cues, likely through olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps. Morphological characterisation of olfactory sensilla among insects can provide a basis for future taxonomic, phylogenetic or electrophysiological studies. Scanning electron microscopy was used to describe the morphology of olfactory organs and sensillar equipment of Medetera signaticornis and M. infumata. Three different olfactory sensillum types were found in both fly species, sensilla trichodea, s. basiconica and grooved pegs. Based on size and wall structure, s. trichodea and s. basiconica were categorised into different subtypes. Sharp-tipped curved s. trichodea, and small, large and thin s. basiconica were found on the antennal postpedicel of M. signaticornis adults, while grooved s. basiconica were found in M. infumata. The density of sharp-tipped long s. trichodea was significantly higher in males compared to females, and in M. signaticornis compared to M. infumata. Long-grooved s. basiconica were found grouped in a small pit on the maxillary palps of both species. Comparison of our results with the limited available ecological data suggests that differences in numbers of specific sensillum types may reflect adaptations related to olfactory-driven behaviours such as host seeking.

许多长腿蝇是树皮甲虫害虫的天敌,它们通过嗅觉线索探测树皮甲虫,可能是通过触角和上颌触须上的嗅觉感受器。昆虫嗅感器的形态特征可以为未来的分类、系统发育或电生理研究提供依据。采用扫描电子显微镜观察了马蹄莲和风肿马蹄莲的嗅觉器官和感觉器官的形态。在两种蝇类中均发现了三种不同的嗅感器类型,分别是毛感器、基鼻感器和槽鼻感器。根据大小和壁结构,将毛霉和基色霉划分为不同的亚型。成虫的触角后花梗上有尖尖弯曲的毛棘,小、大、细的基裂棘,而成虫的触角后花梗上有沟槽状基裂棘。尖尖长毛蛾的密度在雄虫中显著高于雌虫,在大角田鼠中显著高于长角田鼠。在两种植物的上颌触须上,发现长沟的基色霉群聚在一个小坑内。将我们的结果与有限的可用生态数据进行比较表明,特定感觉器类型数量的差异可能反映了与嗅觉驱动行为(如寻找宿主)相关的适应。
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引用次数: 0
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Arthropod Structure & Development
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