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An annotated checklist of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural history and conservation 格林纳丁斯两栖动物和陆生爬行动物的注释清单,并附有当地自然历史和保护注释
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407780681329
J. Daudin, Mark De Silva
The Grenadine islands, located on the Grenada Bank, are known to have seventeen species of amphibians and terrestrial reptiles. Of three species of amphibians, two are recent introductions and the third ( Leptodactylus validus ) may be a native remnant that survived the deforestation that initially transformed these islands in the 18th and 19th centuries. The indigenous reptiles, many of which remain relatively common, may not be able to survive the extensive and unregulated tourism development now taking place on these small islands. Of special interest is the recent discovery of a new species of gecko, Gonatodes daudini , on Union Island.
位于格林纳达岸边的格林纳丁岛,已知有17种两栖动物和陆生爬行动物。在这三种两栖动物中,有两种是最近引进的,而第三种(Leptodactylus validus)可能是在18世纪和19世纪最初改变这些岛屿的森林砍伐中幸存下来的本地遗迹。本土爬行动物,其中许多仍然相对常见,可能无法在这些小岛屿上广泛和不受管制的旅游业发展中生存下来。特别令人感兴趣的是最近在联合岛发现的一种新的壁虎,Gonatodes daudini。
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引用次数: 19
Harvesting as a factor in population decline of a long-lived salamander; the Ozark hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi Grobman 采收是长寿蝾螈数量下降的一个因素;欧扎克的地狱之神,隐枝蛇
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268354
J. Briggler, M. Nickerson
We documented the harvesting of 558 Ozark hellbenders, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi, between 1969 and 1989, from the North Fork of the White River (NFWR), Ozark County, Missouri. Scientific studies accounted for 272 individuals. More than 256 Ozark hellbenders were taken for the pet trade for suppliers in Michigan, New Jersey, and Japan by collectors from Nebraska and Alabama. During the first weekend of September 1980, 171 were collected illegally. Estimates indicate that approximately 50% of the females were removed from the most significant hellbender habitat in the NFWR (riffle 2-3) that weekend. Between 1969 and 1980, coordination with the Missouri Department of Conservation helped insure that C. a. bishopi, used for scientific research, were not removed from a 2.67 km (NFWR 1) research section. Population estimates from 1970 and 1978 studies indicate stability in the most densely populated habitat. In the 1970's, larger samples of individuals collected for research were not removed from a single site, but a few individuals were collected from multiple sites within a 10 km reach of the NFWR. During 1982-1984 more than 100 individuals were removed from the same section as in 1980 by commercial collectors. This evidence supports harvesting of C. a. bishopi, especially illegal harvesting, as a contributing factor in the decline of this population and documents that the decline had begun by 1980.
我们记录了1969年至1989年间,在密苏里州奥扎克县白河北叉(NFWR)捕获的558只奥扎克地狱蛇,隐枝蛇。科学研究涉及272人。来自内布拉斯加州和阿拉巴马州的收藏者将256多只奥扎克地狱御师作为宠物交易,提供给密歇根州、新泽西州和日本的供应商。在1980年9月的第一个周末,171人被非法收缴。据估计,大约50%的雌性在那个周末被从NFWR最重要的栖息地(riffle 2-3)移走。1969年至1980年间,与密苏里州自然保护部的协调确保了用于科学研究的c.a. bishopi不会被移出2.67公里(NFWR 1)的研究区域。1970年和1978年的人口估计研究表明,在人口最密集的栖息地是稳定的。在20世纪70年代,为研究而收集的更大的个体样本不是从一个地点移走的,而是从NFWR 10公里范围内的多个地点收集了一些个体。在1982-1984年期间,商业收集者从1980年的同一区域移走了100多个人。这一证据支持采伐,特别是非法采伐,是导致该种群数量下降的一个因素,并证明这种下降始于1980年。
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引用次数: 42
The St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles) herpetofauna: Conservation concerns 圣文森特(小安的列斯群岛)爬虫动物群:保护问题
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407782424539
R. Powell, R. W. Henderson
The Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent harbors 18 species of terrestrial amphibians and reptiles: four frogs (including the endemic Pristimantis shrevei ), one turtle, ten lizards (including endemic Anolis griseus and A. trinitatis ), and three snakes (including endemic Corallus cookii and Chironius vincenti ). In addition, four species of marine turtles are known from the region. Ecological relationships of an introduced frog ( E. johnstonei ) and an introduced lizard ( A. sagrei ) should be monitored in order to evaluate any potentially negative impact on endemic congeners. Two endangered endemic species ( P. shrevei and C. vincenti ) may benefit from sympatry with the endemic parrot, Amazona guildingii , the national bird of St. Vincent, with which they share high-quality upland forest habitat. Like other West Indian herpetofaunas, that on St. Vincent faces threats that include dramatic habitat alterations, introduced predators (mongooses, domestic cats) and competitors (e.g., A. sagrei ), changes in the prey base, and the potential introduction of the chytrid fungus. These threats can best be addressed by development and implementation of effective management programs based on ecological studies by local and foreign biologists.
圣文森特的小安的列斯岛上栖息着18种陆生两栖动物和爬行动物:四种青蛙(包括地方性的Pristimantis shrevei),一种海龟,十种蜥蜴(包括地方性的Anolis griseus和A. trinitatis)和三种蛇(包括地方性的Corallus cookii和Chironius vincenti)。此外,该地区已知有四种海龟。应监测引进的蛙(E. johnstonei)和引进的蜥蜴(A. sagrei)的生态关系,以评估对地方性同系物的潜在负面影响。两种濒临灭绝的地方特有物种(P. shrevei和C. vincenti)可能会受益于与当地特有的鹦鹉,亚马逊guildingii,圣文森特的国鸟,他们共享高质量的高地森林栖息地。与其他西印度群岛的爬行动物一样,圣文森特岛的爬行动物面临着包括栖息地急剧变化、引入捕食者(猫鼬、家猫)和竞争对手(如A. sagrei)、猎物基础的变化以及壶菌的潜在引入等威胁。在国内外生物学家的生态研究基础上,通过制定和实施有效的管理计划,可以最好地解决这些威胁。
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引用次数: 7
Testudo trade in Turkey 在土耳其进行贸易
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766679
Oǧuz Türkozan, Ferhat Kiremit
The export trade of tortoises of the genus Testudo from Turkey between 1976 and 2004 is reviewed using compiled import data from the CITES (the Convention International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) data base. A total of 468,006 live animals was exported from Turkey to nine countries. The source of the exported tortoises was largely unknown (95%). Of those from known sources, most of them (66%) were specimens taken from the wild, 8% were captive bred animals, 22% were unknown and 4% were seized by the importing country. The authors' personal observations during an ongoing project (2002-2005) on Testudo have been included.
本文利用《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》数据库的进口数据,对1976年至2004年间土耳其龟属的出口贸易进行了审查。共有468006只活禽从土耳其出口到9个国家。出口陆龟的来源大部分是未知的(95%)。在已知来源的标本中,大多数(66%)是从野外采集的标本,8%是圈养繁殖动物,22%是未知的,4%是由进口国缉获的。作者在一个正在进行的项目(2002-2005)中对Testudo的个人观察已经包括在内。
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引用次数: 12
Herpetofaunal communities of the leeward slopes and coasts of St. Vincent: A comparison of sites variously altered by human activity 圣文森特背风斜坡和海岸的爬虫动物群落:人类活动不同改变地点的比较
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407782424494
M. Marcum, R. W. Henderson, R. Powell, C. Mallery, J. Parmerlee
Like other Lesser Antillean islands, human-modified habitats are prevalent on much of St. Vincent, especially in coastal regions. Eighteen terrestrial species of reptiles and amphibians are known to occur on the island. Some species demonstrate considerable versatility, and are found in both altered and relatively natural habitats. Others, however, are restricted to one extreme or the other. To better understand the composition of herpetofaunal communities, we surveyed seven sites on the leeward side of the island, chosen to represent different degrees of human alteration. We found the highest diversity index in an urban area, where introduced species prevailed. Endemic species were more abundant in more natural sites. Three species, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei, Anolis griseus, and A. trinitatis, were at all sites.
像其他小安的列斯群岛一样,人类改造的栖息地在圣文森特的大部分地区很普遍,特别是在沿海地区。岛上已知有18种陆生爬行动物和两栖动物。有些物种表现出相当多的多样性,在改变的和相对自然的栖息地都能找到。然而,其他人则被限制在一个极端或另一个极端。为了更好地了解爬虫动物群落的组成,我们调查了岛上背风侧的七个地点,选择代表不同程度的人类改变。我们发现,城市地区的多样性指数最高,在那里引入物种占主导地位。特有种在越多的自然地点越丰富。在所有地点均有约翰斯通伊蜥、灰纹伊蜥和三甲伊蜥3种。
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引用次数: 12
Spot symmetry predicts body condition in spotted salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum 斑点对称预测斑点蝾螈的身体状况
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268282
J. Maerz, A. K. Davis
Reports of global amphibian declines necessitate a focus on measures of population health. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is a potential measure of the developmental stress experienced by individuals in different environments, but few studies have linked FA with measures of individual quality in amphibians, which is an important assumption of FA. The spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, has two rows of yellow spots on its dorsal surface which might represent useful characters in FA analyses and population monitoring, provided they truly reflect the quality of individuals. In this paper we compared left-right asymmetry in spot features (spot number, size and shape) and leg lengths of this species with traditional measures of body size and body condition among museum specimens to address this question. Of all three spot symmetry variables, the simplest (the difference in left-right spot numbers) was the most important. Individuals with asymmetrical spot numbers were also more asymmetrical in hind leg length, evidence that spots are supposed to be symmetrical in this species. Moreover, salamanders with symmetrical numbers of left-right dorsal spots had higher body condition scores than those with asymmetrical spot numbers. Combined, our results indicate that spot number symmetry provides a good index of individual quality. Further, as many proximate factors can influence body condition (such as recent foraging history), FA in characters such as spots or limbs may provide a more stable metric for assessing the developmental health or quality of individuals, which would prove valuable in amphibian conservation programs.
关于全球两栖动物数量下降的报告要求将重点放在人口健康措施上。波动不对称(FA)是个体在不同环境中所经历的发育压力的一种潜在测量方法,但很少有研究将FA与两栖动物个体质量的测量联系起来,这是FA的一个重要假设。斑点蝾螈(Ambystoma maculatum)的背部表面有两排黄色斑点,如果它们真实地反映了个体的素质,可能在FA分析和种群监测中具有有用的特征。为了解决这一问题,我们将该物种的斑纹特征(斑纹数量、大小和形状)和腿长的左右不对称性与博物馆标本中传统的体型和身体状况测量进行了比较。在所有三个点对称变量中,最简单的(左右点数的差异)是最重要的。斑点数量不对称的个体在后腿长度上也更不对称,这表明斑点在这个物种中应该是对称的。此外,左右背斑点数量对称的蝾螈的身体状况得分高于斑点数量不对称的蝾螈。综上所述,我们的结果表明,点数对称性提供了一个很好的个体质量指标。此外,由于许多直接因素可以影响身体状况(如最近的觅食史),斑点或四肢等特征的FA可能为评估个体的发育健康或质量提供更稳定的指标,这将在两栖动物保护计划中证明是有价值的。
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引用次数: 31
Evaluation of seven aquatic sampling methods for amphibians and other aquatic fauna 两栖动物和其他水生动物七种水生取样方法的评价
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766750
M. S. Gunzburger
To design effective and efficient research and monitoring programs researchers must have a thorough understanding of the capabilities and limitations of their sampling methods. Few direct comparative studies exist for aquatic sampling methods for amphibians. The objective of this study was to simultaneously employ seven aquatic sampling methods in 10 wetlands to compare amphibian species richness and number of individuals detected with each method. Four sampling methods allowed counts of individuals (metal dipnet, D-frame dipnet, box trap, crayfish trap), whereas the other three methods allowed detection of species (visual encounter, aural, and froglogger). Amphibian species richness was greatest with froglogger, box trap, and aural samples. For anuran species, the sampling methods by which each life stage was detected was related to relative length of larval and breeding periods and tadpole size. Detection probability of amphibians varied across sampling methods. Box trap sampling resulted in the most precise amphibian count, but the precision of all four count-based methods was low (coefficient of variation > 145 for all methods). The efficacy of the four count sampling methods at sampling fish and aquatic invertebrates was also analyzed because these predatory taxa are known to be important predictors of amphibian habitat distribution. Species richness and counts were similar for fish with the four methods, whereas invertebrate species richness and counts were greatest in box traps. An effective wetland amphibian monitoring program in the southeastern United States should include multiple sampling methods to obtain the most accurate assessment of species community composition at each site. The combined use of frogloggers, crayfish traps, and dipnets may be the most efficient and effective amphibian monitoring protocol.
为了设计有效和高效的研究和监测程序,研究人员必须对其抽样方法的能力和局限性有透彻的了解。两栖动物水生取样方法的直接比较研究很少。本研究的目的是在10个湿地同时采用7种水生采样方法,比较每种方法检测到的两栖动物物种丰富度和个体数量。四种取样方法允许计数个体(金属取样法、d框架取样法、箱捕法、小龙虾取样法),而其他三种取样方法允许检测种类(视觉接触法、听觉接触法和蛙人)。两栖动物种类丰富度以捕蛙、夹箱和耳样最高。对于无尾蛙,每个生命阶段的采样方法与幼虫和繁殖期的相对长度以及蝌蚪的大小有关。不同采样方法对两栖动物的检测概率不同。箱诱取样的两栖动物数量最精确,但4种方法的精度均较低(变异系数均为bbb145)。由于鱼类和水生无脊椎动物是已知的两栖动物栖息地分布的重要预测因子,因此分析了四种计数抽样方法对鱼类和水生无脊椎动物的抽样效果。4种方法捕获的鱼类物种丰富度和计数基本一致,而箱型夹法捕获的无脊椎动物物种丰富度和计数最高。一个有效的美国东南部湿地两栖动物监测项目应该包括多种采样方法,以获得每个地点物种群落组成的最准确评估。结合使用捕蛙器、小龙虾陷阱和蘸水器可能是最有效和有效的两栖动物监测方案。
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引用次数: 36
Survival, dispersal and reproduction of headstarted Mona Island iguanas, Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri 始发莫纳岛鬣蜥的生存、扩散和繁殖
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407782424511
Alberto Álvarez, P. Tolson, N. Pérez-Buitrago, Miguel A. García
The endemic Mona Island Iguana, Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri, is considered endangered, and exhibits relatively low population numbers and reduced recruitment of juveniles to adults. A headstarting program was initiated in 1999 to increase the effective population number. Two groups of headstarted iguanas were released in April and August 2002, after reaching a target size. Most of the released iguanas have since been observed to be active and in good health. Two females bred in 2004, the first certain record of reproduction by headstarted Cyclura iguanas in the wild. Eight radiotracked individuals had large dispersal ranges, with mean Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) of 10.7 ha (range 2.6-22.2 ha) and mean distances covered of 288 m (range 471-6396 m). We discuss the future development of the headstarting program for Mona Island iguanas.
莫纳岛特有的鬣蜥,Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri,被认为是濒临灭绝的,种群数量相对较低,幼崽对成年的招募减少。1999年启动了一项先导计划,以增加有效人口数量。2002年4月和8月,在达到目标大小后,两组先行的鬣蜥被释放。从那以后,大多数被释放的鬣蜥都很活跃,健康状况良好。2004年,两只雌性鬣蜥在野外繁殖,这是首个确定的繁殖记录。8个放射性追踪个体具有较大的扩散范围,平均最小凸多边形(MCP)为10.7 ha(范围2.6 ~ 22.2 ha),平均覆盖距离为288 m(范围471 ~ 6396 m)。
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引用次数: 11
Breeding population of Osteopilus septentrionalis in Curaçao 库拉帕拉岛七爪骨蝗的繁殖种群
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407782424520
G. Buurt
The animal (fig. 1) was found in a kitchen sink (12◦09′07.25′′N, 68◦57′39.60′′W) in the main building at the SOLTUNA horticultural project. Parts of the land are leased to other users, including “Vivian’s nursery”, a company that imports ornamentals from Miami, USA. Another part of the land, directly east of the building, is used to stock palm trees which were imported from Cuba. Since the last palm trees from
该动物(图1)在SOLTUNA园艺项目主楼的厨房水槽(12◦09 ' 07.25 " N, 68◦57 ' 39.60 " W)中被发现。部分土地租给了其他用户,包括“薇薇安苗圃”,这是一家从美国迈阿密进口装饰品的公司。建筑正东的另一部分土地用于种植从古巴进口的棕榈树。自从最后一棵棕榈树从
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引用次数: 6
The red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, in the British Virgin Islands 英属维尔京群岛的红耳滑鼠
Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766723
G. Perry, Jennifer L. Owen, C. Petrovic, J. Lazell, J. Egelhoff
Gad Perry1,2, Jennifer L. Owen1, Clive Petrovic3, James Lazell4, Jim Egelhoff5 1 Department of Natural Resource Management, Texas Tech University, Box 42125, Lubbock, Texas 79409-2125, USA 2 Corresponding author; e-mail: Gad.Perry@TTU.edu 3 H. Lavity Stoutt Community College, Tortola, British Virgin Islands 4 The Conservation Agency, 6 Swinburne St., Jamestown, Rhode Island 02835, USA 5 BVI Pest Control, P.O. Box 1109, Virgin Gorda, BVI
Gad perry1,2, Jennifer L. Owen1, Clive Petrovic3, James Lazell4, Jim Egelhoff5 1美国德克萨斯理工大学自然资源管理系,美国德克萨斯州拉伯克79409-2125 Box 42125 2通讯作者;e-mail: Gad.Perry@TTU.edu 3 . H. Lavity Stoutt社区学院,托尔托拉,英属维尔京群岛4 .环境保护局,斯威本街6号,詹姆斯敦,罗德岛,02835,美国5 .英属维尔京群岛害虫防治,英属维尔京戈尔达,邮政信箱1109
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Applied Herpetology
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