Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766660
A. Bauer, Todd R. Jackman, E. Greenbaum, T. Papenfuss
The natural distribution of Lepidodactylus lugubris includes portions of south and southeast Asia, as well as areas of the western and central Pacific, but it has become established extralimitally in association with the movement of people and cargo by ship (Bauer and Henle, 1994; Lever, 2003). Known localities in Central and South America include coastal sites in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil (Smith and Grant, 1961; Schauenberg, 1968; Mechler, 1968; Ineich, 1999; Lever, 2003; Kohler, 2003). This species was not previously known from Suriname (Hoogmoed, 1973), and this is the first reported population. The species was common on walls at night at the Eco Resort Hotel in Paramaribo, where no other nocturnal gecko species were seen, but was absent from less humanimpacted areas investigated in the Brokopondo District of Suriname. The nearest published localities are in Colombia. Kluge (1968 [1966]) reported the species from an unspecified locality in eastern Colombia. This record is not, however, supported by cited voucher material, making the southwestern Colombian localities of Guapi, Tumaco, Cali and Anchicaya (Ineich, 1999), each approximately 2750 km away, the nearest confirmed Lepidodactylus sites. The single Brazilian record is based on the holotype of Peropus neglectus Girard, 1858, a junior synonym of L. lugubris, from Rio de Janeiro, but the locality is suspect and the species has never again been found in Brazil (Vanzolini, 1968). Thus, the Paramaribo animals reported here represent the southernmost Atlantic population of Lepidodactylus lugubris and the only South American population east of the Isthmus of Panama.
{"title":"First record of Lepidodactylus lugubris in Suriname","authors":"A. Bauer, Todd R. Jackman, E. Greenbaum, T. Papenfuss","doi":"10.1163/157075407779766660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407779766660","url":null,"abstract":"The natural distribution of Lepidodactylus lugubris includes portions of south and southeast Asia, as well as areas of the western and central Pacific, but it has become established extralimitally in association with the movement of people and cargo by ship (Bauer and Henle, 1994; Lever, 2003). Known localities in Central and South America include coastal sites in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil (Smith and Grant, 1961; Schauenberg, 1968; Mechler, 1968; Ineich, 1999; Lever, 2003; Kohler, 2003). This species was not previously known from Suriname (Hoogmoed, 1973), and this is the first reported population. The species was common on walls at night at the Eco Resort Hotel in Paramaribo, where no other nocturnal gecko species were seen, but was absent from less humanimpacted areas investigated in the Brokopondo District of Suriname. The nearest published localities are in Colombia. Kluge (1968 [1966]) reported the species from an unspecified locality in eastern Colombia. This record is not, however, supported by cited voucher material, making the southwestern Colombian localities of Guapi, Tumaco, Cali and Anchicaya (Ineich, 1999), each approximately 2750 km away, the nearest confirmed Lepidodactylus sites. The single Brazilian record is based on the holotype of Peropus neglectus Girard, 1858, a junior synonym of L. lugubris, from Rio de Janeiro, but the locality is suspect and the species has never again been found in Brazil (Vanzolini, 1968). Thus, the Paramaribo animals reported here represent the southernmost Atlantic population of Lepidodactylus lugubris and the only South American population east of the Isthmus of Panama.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"84-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407779766660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268336
M. Lettink, A. Cree
Artificial retreats are increasingly used to sample animal populations and in attempts to boost animal numbers in degraded habitats. Understanding how animals use artificial retreats and which designs are most effective is therefore important. We tested the influence of retreat type, time-of-year and site on the use of artificial retreats by three species of terrestrial lizards (McCann's skink Oligosoma maccanni, common skink O. nigriplantare polychroma, and common gecko Hoplodactylus maculatus) in a remnant of grazed coastal shrubland at Birdlings Flat, New Zealand. Monthly capture sessions took place at two sites between December 2003 and November 2004. During 2160 retreat checks, 898 captures of 388 individual lizards were made. Geckos dominated the sample and displayed strong preferences for artificial retreats made of Onduline over corrugated iron and concrete tiles. Skinks used all types of artificial retreats without apparent preference. For all species, use of artificial retreats varied with time-of-year and was lowest in winter months. We also operated pitfall traps at these sites and made 329 captures of 205 individuals during 1920 trap-checks. Pitfall traps produced samples dominated by skinks. We conclude that Onduline retreats are a promising method for detecting terrestrial species of gecko in open habitats. Long-term studies are required to quantify the benefits of providing artificial retreats in restoration projects.
人工撤退越来越多地用于对动物种群进行采样，并试图在退化的栖息地增加动物数量。因此，了解动物如何使用人工撤退以及哪种设计最有效是很重要的。本文在新西兰Birdlings Flat的滨海草地上，对三种陆生蜥蜴(McCann's skink Oligosoma macaccanni, O. nigriplantare polychroma)和普通壁虎(Hoplodactylus maculatus)进行了人工撤退类型、时间和地点的影响试验。2003年12月至2004年11月期间，每月在两个地点进行捕获。在2160次撤退检查中，捕获了898只蜥蜴，共计388只。壁虎在样本中占主导地位，并且对波纹铁和混凝土瓦片制成的人工退房表现出强烈的偏好。石龙子使用各种类型的人工撤退，没有明显的偏好。对所有物种来说，人工退殖地的利用随季节而变化，在冬季月份最低。我们还在这些地点设置陷阱，并在1920次陷阱检查中捕获了329只205只。陷阱产生的样本以石龙子为主。我们认为，在开放生境中，Onduline撤退是一种很有前途的检测陆生壁虎物种的方法。需要进行长期的研究，以量化在恢复工程中提供人工撤退的好处。
{"title":"Relative use of three types of artificial retreats by terrestrial lizards in grazed coastal shrubland, New Zealand","authors":"M. Lettink, A. Cree","doi":"10.1163/157075407781268336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407781268336","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial retreats are increasingly used to sample animal populations and in attempts to boost animal numbers in degraded habitats. Understanding how animals use artificial retreats and which designs are most effective is therefore important. We tested the influence of retreat type, time-of-year and site on the use of artificial retreats by three species of terrestrial lizards (McCann's skink Oligosoma maccanni, common skink O. nigriplantare polychroma, and common gecko Hoplodactylus maculatus) in a remnant of grazed coastal shrubland at Birdlings Flat, New Zealand. Monthly capture sessions took place at two sites between December 2003 and November 2004. During 2160 retreat checks, 898 captures of 388 individual lizards were made. Geckos dominated the sample and displayed strong preferences for artificial retreats made of Onduline over corrugated iron and concrete tiles. Skinks used all types of artificial retreats without apparent preference. For all species, use of artificial retreats varied with time-of-year and was lowest in winter months. We also operated pitfall traps at these sites and made 329 captures of 205 individuals during 1920 trap-checks. Pitfall traps produced samples dominated by skinks. We conclude that Onduline retreats are a promising method for detecting terrestrial species of gecko in open habitats. Long-term studies are required to quantify the benefits of providing artificial retreats in restoration projects.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"227-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407781268336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64918647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268327
Geovanny Herrera, E. Fallas, R. W. Henderson, C. Vaughan, Oscar Ramírez
The home range, habitat use, and distance from water sources were estimated for Basiliscus plumifrons in an agricultural matrix in Costa Rica. Using radio telemetry, four females and four males were studied from July-September (2004) in a cocoa (Theobroma cacao) farm embedded in landscape dominated by banana and pineapple plantations. Females occupied a home range that averaged 1877 ± 1052 m2 (n = 4); male home ranges were similar, averaging 1740 ± 1288 m2 (n = 4; t-test = −0.12, P = 0.90). Cacao with a limited shade canopy was the predominant habitat available and used most frequently when compared to other habitats (χ2 = 116.67; P < 0.0001). Basiliscus plumifrons remained close to water although individuals occasionally traveled up to 80 m from water. However, both males (24.30 ± 1.93 m, n = 133) and females (26.82 ± 1.97 m, n = 128) maintained similar average distances from water resources (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.57, P = 0.20). Agroforestry systems connected to patches of riparian forest probably play an important role in the ecology and conservation of B. plumifrons.
在哥斯达黎加的一个农业基质中估计了扁蛇蜥的活动范围、生境利用和离水源的距离。2004年7月至9月，研究人员利用无线电遥测技术，在一个以香蕉和菠萝种植园为主的可可(Theobroma cacao)农场对4只雌性和4只雄性进行了研究。雌性平均占1877±1052 m2 (n = 4);男性家庭范围相似，平均为1740±1288 m2 (n = 4;t-test =−0.12,P = 0.90)。与其他生境相比，遮荫树冠有限的可可是主要的可用生境，使用频率最高(χ2 = 116.67;P < 0.0001)。Basiliscus plumifrons一直靠近水，尽管偶尔会离开水80米。然而，雄性(24.30±1.93 m, n = 133)和雌性(26.82±1.97 m, n = 128)与水资源保持相似的平均距离(Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.57, P = 0.20)。与河岸林斑块相连的农林业系统可能在毛毛莲的生态和保护中发挥重要作用。
{"title":"Home range and habitat use of Basiliscus plumifrons (Squamata: Corytophanidae) in an active Costa Rican cacao farm","authors":"Geovanny Herrera, E. Fallas, R. W. Henderson, C. Vaughan, Oscar Ramírez","doi":"10.1163/157075407781268327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407781268327","url":null,"abstract":"The home range, habitat use, and distance from water sources were estimated for Basiliscus plumifrons in an agricultural matrix in Costa Rica. Using radio telemetry, four females and four males were studied from July-September (2004) in a cocoa (Theobroma cacao) farm embedded in landscape dominated by banana and pineapple plantations. Females occupied a home range that averaged 1877 ± 1052 m2 (n = 4); male home ranges were similar, averaging 1740 ± 1288 m2 (n = 4; t-test = −0.12, P = 0.90). Cacao with a limited shade canopy was the predominant habitat available and used most frequently when compared to other habitats (χ2 = 116.67; P < 0.0001). Basiliscus plumifrons remained close to water although individuals occasionally traveled up to 80 m from water. However, both males (24.30 ± 1.93 m, n = 133) and females (26.82 ± 1.97 m, n = 128) maintained similar average distances from water resources (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 1.57, P = 0.20). Agroforestry systems connected to patches of riparian forest probably play an important role in the ecology and conservation of B. plumifrons.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407781268327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64918356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407782424557
A. Sabat, N. Pérez-Buitrago
In the last two decades our knowledge of the biology of the highly threatened rock iguanas (Cyclura) has been expanding. However, most studies have focused on the adults and none has been conducted to document the biology of the younger stages. In some instances, such as the Mona Island iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri), the biology of young stages has been overlooked due to their low relative abundance in the population. The causes of this population trait remain unknown and their extent from the conservation perspective is important because the scarcity of young stages has been considered a symptom of a declining population. We used radio telemetry to document life history of Mona Island iguana hatchlings during the first five months of life. Hatchlings dispersed following specific individual bearings from 102 m to 5080 m from the releases sites. Hatchlings settled down in diverse habitats used or not used by adult iguanas. Once settled, hatchlings spent most of the time (63%) in trees or perch locations above the ground. We report a conservative survival rate of 22% during the study period and Minimum Convex Polygon home ranges that vary from 0 m2 to 530 m2 (mean = 297). Our results suggest that the low relative abundance of the juvenile stages in the population is caused both by high predation rates during their dispersal phase, and hatchling microhabitat selection which precludes their detection in population surveys.
{"title":"Natal dispersal, home range and habitat use of hatchlings of the Mona Island iguana ( Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri )","authors":"A. Sabat, N. Pérez-Buitrago","doi":"10.1163/157075407782424557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407782424557","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two decades our knowledge of the biology of the highly threatened rock iguanas (Cyclura) has been expanding. However, most studies have focused on the adults and none has been conducted to document the biology of the younger stages. In some instances, such as the Mona Island iguana (Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri), the biology of young stages has been overlooked due to their low relative abundance in the population. The causes of this population trait remain unknown and their extent from the conservation perspective is important because the scarcity of young stages has been considered a symptom of a declining population. We used radio telemetry to document life history of Mona Island iguana hatchlings during the first five months of life. Hatchlings dispersed following specific individual bearings from 102 m to 5080 m from the releases sites. Hatchlings settled down in diverse habitats used or not used by adult iguanas. Once settled, hatchlings spent most of the time (63%) in trees or perch locations above the ground. We report a conservative survival rate of 22% during the study period and Minimum Convex Polygon home ranges that vary from 0 m2 to 530 m2 (mean = 297). Our results suggest that the low relative abundance of the juvenile stages in the population is caused both by high predation rates during their dispersal phase, and hatchling microhabitat selection which precludes their detection in population surveys.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407782424557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766651
H. P. Gurushankara, S. V. Krishnamurthy, V. Vasudev
The present paper reports the abnormalities recorded among four species of frogs: Limnonectus limnocharis, L. keralensis, L. brevipalmata, and Tomopterna (Spherotheca) rufescens inhabiting forest, water bodies, agriculture (paddy) fields and coffee plantations. The survey and sampling was made over a period of three years in early post monsoon (October) of 2001, 2002 and 2003. Of 6,303 frogs encountered 229 were abnormal (3.63%). Among the four types of habitat, coffee plantation has a high incidence of abnormality (4.64%), followed by agriculture field (paddy) (3.98%) and water bodies (3.92%), while no abnormal frogs were recorded from surveyed forest sites. Among the four species, maximum abnormality was recorded in L. brevipalmata (8.92%) followed by T. rufescens (6.12%), L. limnocharis and L. keralensis (3.26% each). Excepting the forest, in all other sampling areas, large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used. Therefore, we suspect chemical contamination as a factor causing the abnormality in this region, but this needs confirmation.
{"title":"Morphological abnormalities in natural populations of common frogs inhabiting agroecosystems of central Western Ghats","authors":"H. P. Gurushankara, S. V. Krishnamurthy, V. Vasudev","doi":"10.1163/157075407779766651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407779766651","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports the abnormalities recorded among four species of frogs: Limnonectus limnocharis, L. keralensis, L. brevipalmata, and Tomopterna (Spherotheca) rufescens inhabiting forest, water bodies, agriculture (paddy) fields and coffee plantations. The survey and sampling was made over a period of three years in early post monsoon (October) of 2001, 2002 and 2003. Of 6,303 frogs encountered 229 were abnormal (3.63%). Among the four types of habitat, coffee plantation has a high incidence of abnormality (4.64%), followed by agriculture field (paddy) (3.98%) and water bodies (3.92%), while no abnormal frogs were recorded from surveyed forest sites. Among the four species, maximum abnormality was recorded in L. brevipalmata (8.92%) followed by T. rufescens (6.12%), L. limnocharis and L. keralensis (3.26% each). Excepting the forest, in all other sampling areas, large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used. Therefore, we suspect chemical contamination as a factor causing the abnormality in this region, but this needs confirmation.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407779766651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766741
M. Tyler, R. Wassersug, Benjamin P. C. Smith
We review various ways that anurans have been of service to mankind, as well as threats to frog species from human activity beyond habitat destruction, global warming, and epidemic diseases. Over the centuries frogs have been a subject of fascination and entertainment, food, sources of medicinal preparations, and model organisms in biological research. For years many species were used in teaching anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, and in pregnancy testing. Current research has revealed antibiotic peptides, anti-tumour agents, analgesics and adhesive compounds in frog skin. There are also volatile compounds released from their skin; these chemicals repel various predators and may prove useful to humans. The global decline of amphibian populations is a major concern. Habitat destruction, global warming, and pandemic diseases are increasingly suspect in the decline of frog populations, but difficult to control. Restrictions in the food and pet trade are areas in which better enforcement could benefit anurans. However, not all human interactions have been deleterious to all species. The mechanics of highway building in North America commonly has created areas of run-off that provide breeding sites for select species. Similarly, in arid northern Australia, frogs aggregate in large numbers at artificial sites where human activity has provided stable water sources.
{"title":"How frogs and humans interact: Influences beyond habitat destruction epidemics and global warming","authors":"M. Tyler, R. Wassersug, Benjamin P. C. Smith","doi":"10.1163/157075407779766741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407779766741","url":null,"abstract":"We review various ways that anurans have been of service to mankind, as well as threats to frog species from human activity beyond habitat destruction, global warming, and epidemic diseases. Over the centuries frogs have been a subject of fascination and entertainment, food, sources of medicinal preparations, and model organisms in biological research. For years many species were used in teaching anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, and in pregnancy testing. Current research has revealed antibiotic peptides, anti-tumour agents, analgesics and adhesive compounds in frog skin. There are also volatile compounds released from their skin; these chemicals repel various predators and may prove useful to humans. The global decline of amphibian populations is a major concern. Habitat destruction, global warming, and pandemic diseases are increasingly suspect in the decline of frog populations, but difficult to control. Restrictions in the food and pet trade are areas in which better enforcement could benefit anurans. However, not all human interactions have been deleterious to all species. The mechanics of highway building in North America commonly has created areas of run-off that provide breeding sites for select species. Similarly, in arid northern Australia, frogs aggregate in large numbers at artificial sites where human activity has provided stable water sources.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407779766741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407779766714
L. R. Massal, J. Snodgrass, R. Casey
Runoff from impervious surfaces associated with areas of residential, commercial and industrial development is commonly managed through the construction of stormwater ponds that are designed to slow runoff and reduce pollutant inputs to streams. It has been suggested that stormwater ponds may also provide habitat for wildlife. However, wildlife attracted to ponds may be exposed to pollutants entering ponds in runoff. To assess the potential toxicity of nitrogen pollution of stormwater ponds to pond-breeding amphibians we monitored nitrogen levels in waters of eleven ponds in Baltimore County, Maryland. Levels of NH 3 , NO − 2 and NO − 3 exceeded lowest sublethal effects concentrations reported in the literature in <2% of the water samples collected, and when relatively high concentrations did occur they were restricted to only a portion of the pond. Water sampling during and following rain events also indicated little input of nitrogen to stormwater ponds through runoff. While the number of amphibians recorded at ponds varied from three to six species, there was no relationship between nitrogen levels and amphibian occurrence at ponds. Overall, nitrogen pollution of stormwater ponds in our study area appears to represent little or no direct risk to developing embryos and larvae of pond-breeding amphibians, although indirect effects and interaction of inorganic nitrogen with other pollutants warrant further investigation.
{"title":"Nitrogen pollution of stormwater ponds: Potential for toxic effects on amphibian embryos and larvae","authors":"L. R. Massal, J. Snodgrass, R. Casey","doi":"10.1163/157075407779766714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407779766714","url":null,"abstract":"Runoff from impervious surfaces associated with areas of residential, commercial and industrial development is commonly managed through the construction of stormwater ponds that are designed to slow runoff and reduce pollutant inputs to streams. It has been suggested that stormwater ponds may also provide habitat for wildlife. However, wildlife attracted to ponds may be exposed to pollutants entering ponds in runoff. To assess the potential toxicity of nitrogen pollution of stormwater ponds to pond-breeding amphibians we monitored nitrogen levels in waters of eleven ponds in Baltimore County, Maryland. Levels of NH 3 , NO − 2 and NO − 3 exceeded lowest sublethal effects concentrations reported in the literature in <2% of the water samples collected, and when relatively high concentrations did occur they were restricted to only a portion of the pond. Water sampling during and following rain events also indicated little input of nitrogen to stormwater ponds through runoff. While the number of amphibians recorded at ponds varied from three to six species, there was no relationship between nitrogen levels and amphibian occurrence at ponds. Overall, nitrogen pollution of stormwater ponds in our study area appears to represent little or no direct risk to developing embryos and larvae of pond-breeding amphibians, although indirect effects and interaction of inorganic nitrogen with other pollutants warrant further investigation.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407779766714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64917725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268318
H. Parry, M. E. Manes, A. Manlla
Growth and feeding conversion responses of the teiid lizard Tupinambis merianae, fed with supplemented mixtures of bovine meat and fat, were evaluated. Six daily meals consisting of three protein (0.79, 0.99 and 1.19 g) and two lipid energy levels (16.92 and 24.79 kJ) for each 100 g of live weight were given. The highest and intermediate protein levels showed the highest growth rates in terms of body weight and snout-vent length. In addition, comparing isoproteic diets, those with higher energy content expressed better growth and feeding conversion indices. Considering both protein and fat energy, a daily supply of 0.99 g of the first one together with 24.79 kJ of the second per 100 g of live weight gave the best feeding conversion: 1.7 (weight gain/ingested dry matter). These values are quite consistent with those of a practical hatchery diet and are within the nutritional composition range of carnivores.
{"title":"Growth and feeding conversion responses to different protein and energy supplies in Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae)","authors":"H. Parry, M. E. Manes, A. Manlla","doi":"10.1163/157075407781268318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407781268318","url":null,"abstract":"Growth and feeding conversion responses of the teiid lizard Tupinambis merianae, fed with supplemented mixtures of bovine meat and fat, were evaluated. Six daily meals consisting of three protein (0.79, 0.99 and 1.19 g) and two lipid energy levels (16.92 and 24.79 kJ) for each 100 g of live weight were given. The highest and intermediate protein levels showed the highest growth rates in terms of body weight and snout-vent length. In addition, comparing isoproteic diets, those with higher energy content expressed better growth and feeding conversion indices. Considering both protein and fat energy, a daily supply of 0.99 g of the first one together with 24.79 kJ of the second per 100 g of live weight gave the best feeding conversion: 1.7 (weight gain/ingested dry matter). These values are quite consistent with those of a practical hatchery diet and are within the nutritional composition range of carnivores.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"4 1","pages":"279-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407781268318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64918300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075407781268345
T. Tupper, Brad C. Timm, Amy Goodstine, R. P. Cook
Effectively monitoring population trends in Bufo fowleri is a priority in certain regions of this species' range. To determine the most appropriate sampling regime for B. fowleri at Cape Cod National Seashore, we sampled 67 sites with weekly calling surveys from 12 April to 24 July 2003, 2004 and 2005. Surveys were conducted from sunset to approximately midnight. B. fowleri calls were documented on 327/1350 sampling events and at 40 sites, 26 of which supported breeding aggregations. In 96% of sampling events resulting in a calling index value of 1, time to first detection was within three minutes. For all sampling events resulting in index values of 2 or 3, event maxima were recorded within the first survey minute. Most detections occurred within two hours of sunset on calm nights in June when surface water and air temperatures were >17.85°C and 20.75°C, respectively. Surface water temperature and Julian date were important predictors of calling, and June was identified as the optimal time to survey for this species.
{"title":"Improving calling surveys for detecting Fowler's toad, Bufo fowleri, in southern New England, USA","authors":"T. Tupper, Brad C. Timm, Amy Goodstine, R. P. Cook","doi":"10.1163/157075407781268345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075407781268345","url":null,"abstract":"Effectively monitoring population trends in Bufo fowleri is a priority in certain regions of this species' range. To determine the most appropriate sampling regime for B. fowleri at Cape Cod National Seashore, we sampled 67 sites with weekly calling surveys from 12 April to 24 July 2003, 2004 and 2005. Surveys were conducted from sunset to approximately midnight. B. fowleri calls were documented on 327/1350 sampling events and at 40 sites, 26 of which supported breeding aggregations. In 96% of sampling events resulting in a calling index value of 1, time to first detection was within three minutes. For all sampling events resulting in index values of 2 or 3, event maxima were recorded within the first survey minute. Most detections occurred within two hours of sunset on calm nights in June when surface water and air temperatures were >17.85°C and 20.75°C, respectively. Surface water temperature and Julian date were important predictors of calling, and June was identified as the optimal time to survey for this species.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"40 1","pages":"245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075407781268345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64918678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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