Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408786532057
I. McDowall
DNA-based technologies, in particular those involved with the identification and screening of DNA polymorphisms, have become a major analytical tool for forensic investigators. These technologies were originally designed for crime scene evaluation and analysis and, more specifically, to the identification of individuals linked to crime scenes. However, the same technologies have subsequently been used identify polymorphisms capable of discrimination at the individual or species level in a wide range of vertebrates. These polymorphic markers are relevant to a range of research and investigative applications in reptiles and amphibians including population and conservation studies, phylogenetics and forensic analysis. Initially cost-prohibitive, DNA technology is now within the budget of many non-specialised laboratories and field centres. The advent of PCR-based methodologies has allowed the purification and subsequent profiling of DNA from an impressive array of biological materials, including limited amounts of partially degraded field or forensic samples. In this respect, non-invasive sampling of endangered species in the field is of particular interest. Polymorphisms occurring within regions of the mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates are currently being screened for species-specific identification purposes. Databases are under construction that will allow rapid comparison of matching regions of the genomes of many thousands of animal species — with obvious applications in forensic investigations.
{"title":"DNA technology and its applications in herpetological research and forensic investigations involving reptiles and amphibians","authors":"I. McDowall","doi":"10.1163/157075408786532057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408786532057","url":null,"abstract":"DNA-based technologies, in particular those involved with the identification and screening of DNA polymorphisms, have become a major analytical tool for forensic investigators. These technologies were originally designed for crime scene evaluation and analysis and, more specifically, to the identification of individuals linked to crime scenes. However, the same technologies have subsequently been used identify polymorphisms capable of discrimination at the individual or species level in a wide range of vertebrates. These polymorphic markers are relevant to a range of research and investigative applications in reptiles and amphibians including population and conservation studies, phylogenetics and forensic analysis. Initially cost-prohibitive, DNA technology is now within the budget of many non-specialised laboratories and field centres. The advent of PCR-based methodologies has allowed the purification and subsequent profiling of DNA from an impressive array of biological materials, including limited amounts of partially degraded field or forensic samples. In this respect, non-invasive sampling of endangered species in the field is of particular interest. Polymorphisms occurring within regions of the mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates are currently being screened for species-specific identification purposes. Databases are under construction that will allow rapid comparison of matching regions of the genomes of many thousands of animal species — with obvious applications in forensic investigations.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"35 1","pages":"371-385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408786532057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408785911048
T. Porter, R. Dillingham, R. Venedam
We have designed and tested a portable instrument consisting of a small infrared camera coupled with an array of piezoresistive microcantilever sensors that is used to provide real-time, non-invasive data on desert tortoise den occupancy. The piezoresistive microcantilever (PMC) sensors are used to obtain a chemical “signature” of tortoise presence from the air deep within the dens, and provide data in cases where the camera cannot extend deep enough into the den to provide visual evidence of tortoise presence. The infrared camera was used to verify the PMC data during testing, and in many cases such as shallower dens, may be used to provide exact numbers on den populations.
{"title":"A Microcantilever Sensor Array for the Detection and Inventory of Desert Tortoises","authors":"T. Porter, R. Dillingham, R. Venedam","doi":"10.1163/157075408785911048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408785911048","url":null,"abstract":"We have designed and tested a portable instrument consisting of a small infrared camera coupled with an array of piezoresistive microcantilever sensors that is used to provide real-time, non-invasive data on desert tortoise den occupancy. The piezoresistive microcantilever (PMC) sensors are used to obtain a chemical “signature” of tortoise presence from the air deep within the dens, and provide data in cases where the camera cannot extend deep enough into the den to provide visual evidence of tortoise presence. The infrared camera was used to verify the PMC data during testing, and in many cases such as shallower dens, may be used to provide exact numbers on den populations.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408785911048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408783489257
B. Shacham, S. Nemtzov
{"title":"Records of feral green iguana, Iguana iguana , in Israel","authors":"B. Shacham, S. Nemtzov","doi":"10.1163/157075408783489257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"99-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408783489257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408784648817
B. Shacham, O. Hatzofe
{"title":"The red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, in Israel","authors":"B. Shacham, O. Hatzofe","doi":"10.1163/157075408784648817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408784648817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"199-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408784648817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408784648772
D. S. Barry, T. Pauley, J. Maerz
Timber harvesting can alter habitats of forest-dwelling species and these alterations can be highly detrimental to species such as amphibians that are intimately associated with habitat temperature and moisture regimes. Consequently, information on conservation practices that can reduce impacts on these species can be useful to prevent local extinctions. Twenty-two of 40 pools constructed by the Fernow Experimental Station, USDA Northern Research Station, Parsons, West Virginia in 1993 on primitive haul roads in two clearcut areas on McGowan Mountain, Tucker County, WV were monitored for 3 years to determine their potential use by anurans. Monthly samples (April through September) of water chemistry and amphibian captures were taken to evaluate amphibian use of these pools. Anurans that used the pools to breed were Bufo americanus americanus, Rana sylvatica, Psuedacris brachyphona, and Hyla chrysoscelis. Desmognathus ochrophaeus and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphyriticus were also found in ponds but no evidence of breeding was discovered. By 1994, 14 of the 22 pools that held water were used by anurans for reproduction. Species richness of anurans that bred in pools was primarily dependent on pond depth. Man-made small but deep ponds placed carefully such that their hydroperiods are long enough for larvae to complete development (i.e., near seepages) provides breeding habitat for some frogs species, as well as refugia for non-breeding frogs and salamanders in clear-cut areas. Pools constructed at strategic locations on primitive roads have the potential to reduce adverse impacts of timber harvesting on some amphibian populations.
木材采伐可以改变森林栖息物种的栖息地，这些变化对两栖动物等与栖息地温度和湿度制度密切相关的物种非常有害。因此，有关减少对这些物种影响的保护措施的信息对防止当地物种灭绝是有用的。1993年，美国农业部北部研究站，西弗吉尼亚州帕森斯，Fernow实验站在西弗吉尼亚州塔克县麦高恩山的两个空旷地区的原始运输道路上建造了40个水池，其中22个被监测了3年，以确定它们的潜在用途。每月(4月至9月)采集水化学和两栖动物捕获样本，以评估两栖动物对这些水池的使用情况。利用池塘繁殖的无尾目动物有美洲Bufo americanus americanus、林蛙(Rana sylvatica)、短尾目蛙(Psuedacris brachyphona)和黄壳目蛙(Hyla chrysoscelis)。在池塘中也发现了斑点斑蝽和卟啉回蝽，但没有发现繁殖的证据。到1994年，22个蓄水池中有14个被无尾动物用于繁殖。池中繁殖无尾纲动物的物种丰富度主要取决于池深。人造的小而深的池塘精心布置，使它们的水周期足够长，足以让幼虫完成发育(即靠近渗透处)，为一些蛙类提供了繁殖的栖息地，也为无繁殖能力的青蛙和蝾螈提供了避难所。在原始道路上的战略位置建造的水池有可能减少伐木对某些两栖动物种群的不利影响。
{"title":"Amphibian use of man-made pools on clear-cuts in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, USA","authors":"D. S. Barry, T. Pauley, J. Maerz","doi":"10.1163/157075408784648772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408784648772","url":null,"abstract":"Timber harvesting can alter habitats of forest-dwelling species and these alterations can be highly detrimental to species such as amphibians that are intimately associated with habitat temperature and moisture regimes. Consequently, information on conservation practices that can reduce impacts on these species can be useful to prevent local extinctions. Twenty-two of 40 pools constructed by the Fernow Experimental Station, USDA Northern Research Station, Parsons, West Virginia in 1993 on primitive haul roads in two clearcut areas on McGowan Mountain, Tucker County, WV were monitored for 3 years to determine their potential use by anurans. Monthly samples (April through September) of water chemistry and amphibian captures were taken to evaluate amphibian use of these pools. Anurans that used the pools to breed were Bufo americanus americanus, Rana sylvatica, Psuedacris brachyphona, and Hyla chrysoscelis. Desmognathus ochrophaeus and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus porphyriticus were also found in ponds but no evidence of breeding was discovered. By 1994, 14 of the 22 pools that held water were used by anurans for reproduction. Species richness of anurans that bred in pools was primarily dependent on pond depth. Man-made small but deep ponds placed carefully such that their hydroperiods are long enough for larvae to complete development (i.e., near seepages) provides breeding habitat for some frogs species, as well as refugia for non-breeding frogs and salamanders in clear-cut areas. Pools constructed at strategic locations on primitive roads have the potential to reduce adverse impacts of timber harvesting on some amphibian populations.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408784648772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408783489194
R. Browne, G. Gaikhorst, S. Vitali, J. Roberts, P. Matson
Combinations of commercially available hormones (luteinising hormone-realeasing hormone agonist, human chorionic gonadotrophin and progesterone) were given intra-coelomically to gravid females of two Australian bell frogs, Litoria moorei and L. aurea. The injections were not sufficient to cause normal ovulation and egg laying in the absence of males. Further studies are still required to develop a safe method of programming ovulation and oviposition in these and other recalcitrant species to obtain eggs that have not been exposed to sperm.
{"title":"Exogenous hormones induce poor rates of oviposition in the anurans, Litoria moorei and L. aurea","authors":"R. Browne, G. Gaikhorst, S. Vitali, J. Roberts, P. Matson","doi":"10.1163/157075408783489194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489194","url":null,"abstract":"Combinations of commercially available hormones (luteinising hormone-realeasing hormone agonist, human chorionic gonadotrophin and progesterone) were given intra-coelomically to gravid females of two Australian bell frogs, Litoria moorei and L. aurea. The injections were not sufficient to cause normal ovulation and egg laying in the absence of males. Further studies are still required to develop a safe method of programming ovulation and oviposition in these and other recalcitrant species to obtain eggs that have not been exposed to sperm.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408783489194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408784648853
R. P. Cook, T. Tupper
Local extirpations of the northern clade of Fowler's toad, Bufo fowleri, have been documented in the northeastern United States and Canada. To facilitate conservation of this species, we identified key characteristics of its preferred breeding habitat and adjacent landscape at Cape Cod National Seashore. We conducted calling surveys at 67 wetlands to quantify B. fowleri annual breeding effort over three years. The resultant multivariate models were then tested with data collected at 30 additional wetlands. B. fowleri choruses were more likely to be detected in permanent wetlands than semi-permanent or temporary wetlands. Predaceous fish and Rana catesbeiana did not negatively affect breeding effort. Wetlands used for breeding typically had shallower shores, less emergent vegetation, less canopy cover, fewer organic acids, and were warmer and less acidic than sites with no evidence of breeding choruses. Large choruses of B. fowleri typically occurred in wetlands containing < ∼33% woody emergent vegetation and adjacent uplands had more bare habitat and less development than sites without breeding. Our results suggest that B. fowleri in the northeastern United States will decline as development and post-agrarian reforestation continue and that removal of woody vegetation in and adjacent to breeding ponds may be necessary to maintain some populations.
{"title":"Habitat variables influencing breeding effort in northern clade Bufo fowleri: Implications for conservation","authors":"R. P. Cook, T. Tupper","doi":"10.1163/157075408784648853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408784648853","url":null,"abstract":"Local extirpations of the northern clade of Fowler's toad, Bufo fowleri, have been documented in the northeastern United States and Canada. To facilitate conservation of this species, we identified key characteristics of its preferred breeding habitat and adjacent landscape at Cape Cod National Seashore. We conducted calling surveys at 67 wetlands to quantify B. fowleri annual breeding effort over three years. The resultant multivariate models were then tested with data collected at 30 additional wetlands. B. fowleri choruses were more likely to be detected in permanent wetlands than semi-permanent or temporary wetlands. Predaceous fish and Rana catesbeiana did not negatively affect breeding effort. Wetlands used for breeding typically had shallower shores, less emergent vegetation, less canopy cover, fewer organic acids, and were warmer and less acidic than sites with no evidence of breeding choruses. Large choruses of B. fowleri typically occurred in wetlands containing < ∼33% woody emergent vegetation and adjacent uplands had more bare habitat and less development than sites without breeding. Our results suggest that B. fowleri in the northeastern United States will decline as development and post-agrarian reforestation continue and that removal of woody vegetation in and adjacent to breeding ponds may be necessary to maintain some populations.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"101-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408784648853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408785911066
Mike Letnic
Because they are subject to commercial harvesting, Crocodylus porosus populations in Australia are monitored to detect trends in their population growth. Monitoring programs are restricted primarily to estuarine waters with high crocodile densities, subsequently little information is available on populations in freshwater habitats. In this study I compared the body-size structure and minimum number of C. porosus known to be alive in tidal-estuarine and freshwater-floodplain habitats of the lower Adelaide River catchment, Northern Territory (N.T.) during the 2004 dry season. A total of 669 C. porosus was sighted. Of these individuals, 546 (81.6%) were sighted in tidal-estuarine waters and 123 (18.4%) were sighted in freshwater, floodplain billabongs and creeks. Crocodiles were observed up to 17.3 km from tidal waters. Crocodiles less than 1.2 m total length (TL) were the most frequently sighted size category in both the freshwater-floodplain (68%), and tidal river (31%) populations. Crocodiles 1.2-3.4 m TL comprised 62% of those seen in the tidal river but only 22% of those in freshwater floodplain habitats. Crocodiles >3.4 m TL comprised 10% and 6.5% of the sighted population in freshwater-floodplain and tidal river habitats, respectively. The body-size structure of C. porosus inhabiting the freshwater floodplain and tidal river habitats of the Adelaide River differed markedly from that observed in marine and freshwater river habitats where crocodiles less than 1.2 m are rarely encountered.
{"title":"A comparison of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) populations in freshwater-floodplain and tidal river habitats of the Adelaide River catchment, Northern Territory, Australia","authors":"Mike Letnic","doi":"10.1163/157075408785911066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408785911066","url":null,"abstract":"Because they are subject to commercial harvesting, Crocodylus porosus populations in Australia are monitored to detect trends in their population growth. Monitoring programs are restricted primarily to estuarine waters with high crocodile densities, subsequently little information is available on populations in freshwater habitats. In this study I compared the body-size structure and minimum number of C. porosus known to be alive in tidal-estuarine and freshwater-floodplain habitats of the lower Adelaide River catchment, Northern Territory (N.T.) during the 2004 dry season. A total of 669 C. porosus was sighted. Of these individuals, 546 (81.6%) were sighted in tidal-estuarine waters and 123 (18.4%) were sighted in freshwater, floodplain billabongs and creeks. Crocodiles were observed up to 17.3 km from tidal waters. Crocodiles less than 1.2 m total length (TL) were the most frequently sighted size category in both the freshwater-floodplain (68%), and tidal river (31%) populations. Crocodiles 1.2-3.4 m TL comprised 62% of those seen in the tidal river but only 22% of those in freshwater floodplain habitats. Crocodiles >3.4 m TL comprised 10% and 6.5% of the sighted population in freshwater-floodplain and tidal river habitats, respectively. The body-size structure of C. porosus inhabiting the freshwater floodplain and tidal river habitats of the Adelaide River differed markedly from that observed in marine and freshwater river habitats where crocodiles less than 1.2 m are rarely encountered.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408785911066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408783489185
K. Krysko, James C. Nifong, F. Mazzotti, R. Snow, Kevin M. Enge
Kenneth L. Krysko1,5, James C. Nifong1, Ray W. Snow2, Kevin M. Enge3, Frank J. Mazzotti4 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, Division of Herpetology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 2 Everglades National Park, 40001 State Road 9336, Homestead, Florida 33034, USA 3 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 4005 South Main Street, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA 4 Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida 33314, USA 5 Corresponding author; e-mail: kenneyk@flmnh.ufl.edu
Kenneth L. krysko1,5, James C. Nifong1, Ray W. Snow2, Kevin M. Enge3, Frank J. Mazzotti4 1佛罗里达大学佛罗里达自然历史博物馆爬行动物学部，佛罗里达州盖恩斯维尔32611;2大沼泽地国家公园，40001国道9336，佛罗里达州Homestead 33034; 3佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物保护委员会，佛罗里达州盖恩斯维尔南大街4005号，佛罗里达州32601;劳德代尔堡研究与教育中心，3205学院大道，戴维，佛罗里达州33314，美国5通讯作者;电子邮件:kenneyk@flmnh.ufl.edu
{"title":"Reproduction of the Burmese python ( Python molurus bivittatus ) in southern Florida","authors":"K. Krysko, James C. Nifong, F. Mazzotti, R. Snow, Kevin M. Enge","doi":"10.1163/157075408783489185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489185","url":null,"abstract":"Kenneth L. Krysko1,5, James C. Nifong1, Ray W. Snow2, Kevin M. Enge3, Frank J. Mazzotti4 1 Florida Museum of Natural History, Division of Herpetology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 2 Everglades National Park, 40001 State Road 9336, Homestead, Florida 33034, USA 3 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 4005 South Main Street, Gainesville, Florida 32601, USA 4 Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Davie, Florida 33314, USA 5 Corresponding author; e-mail: kenneyk@flmnh.ufl.edu","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408783489185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408783489220
Karthikeyan., Balasubramanian
The annulated sea snake ( Hydrophis cyanocinctus ) is a black and yellow banded neurotoxic hydrophiid, widely distributed along the Indian coast. Observations on the feeding and reproductive behavior of the snake were made for the first time in captivity. It consumed live or chopped fish; prey size depended on snake size. Breeding commenced in October and the matured neonates were observed during the following January. Twenty five gravid snakes gave birth to 87 neonates, i.e. 3-5 neonates per snake. During delivery, they exhibited a different type of movement to release the neonates, and all were delivered only at night. All neonates were measured the morphological traits of weight, snout-vent length, tail length, head length, head width, neck girth and body girth. The relative size of females and males differed significantly. But the relative size of tail length showed an opposite trend compared to other morphological traits. At the end of the experiment, the snakes and neonates were released in the open sea.
{"title":"Feeding and reproductive behavior of captive sea snakes Hydrophis cyanocinctus","authors":"Karthikeyan., Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1163/157075408783489220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489220","url":null,"abstract":"The annulated sea snake ( Hydrophis cyanocinctus ) is a black and yellow banded neurotoxic hydrophiid, widely distributed along the Indian coast. Observations on the feeding and reproductive behavior of the snake were made for the first time in captivity. It consumed live or chopped fish; prey size depended on snake size. Breeding commenced in October and the matured neonates were observed during the following January. Twenty five gravid snakes gave birth to 87 neonates, i.e. 3-5 neonates per snake. During delivery, they exhibited a different type of movement to release the neonates, and all were delivered only at night. All neonates were measured the morphological traits of weight, snout-vent length, tail length, head length, head width, neck girth and body girth. The relative size of females and males differed significantly. But the relative size of tail length showed an opposite trend compared to other morphological traits. At the end of the experiment, the snakes and neonates were released in the open sea.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"5 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408783489220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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