Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408X386123
Andrew W. Roe, K. Grayson
Research aimed at determining the extent of terrestrial habitat use by amphibians has been impeded by the difficulties associated with relocating and identifying individuals in the field. Recent studies have used fluorescent powder pigments as a method for tracking short-term terrestrial movements of frogs and salamanders. In a laboratory experiment we found no effect of repeated exposure to two different types of fluorescent powder on mass or survival of terrestrial juvenile and adult Eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). We provide further evidence that fluorescent powder tracking is safe for use on amphibians and may be an effective tool for studying terrestrial habitat use.
{"title":"Repeated exposure to fluorescent powder does not affect survival or mass in Eastern red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens","authors":"Andrew W. Roe, K. Grayson","doi":"10.1163/157075408X386123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408X386123","url":null,"abstract":"Research aimed at determining the extent of terrestrial habitat use by amphibians has been impeded by the difficulties associated with relocating and identifying individuals in the field. Recent studies have used fluorescent powder pigments as a method for tracking short-term terrestrial movements of frogs and salamanders. In a laboratory experiment we found no effect of repeated exposure to two different types of fluorescent powder on mass or survival of terrestrial juvenile and adult Eastern red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). We provide further evidence that fluorescent powder tracking is safe for use on amphibians and may be an effective tool for studying terrestrial habitat use.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"295-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408X386123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408X397509
A. Bauer
At least 14 species of geckos are utilized as ingredients in the pharmacopia of traditional medicine systems around the world. Chinese Traditional Medicine uses two types of geckos, large tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) and small geckos (Gekko spp., Hemidactylus spp.) to treat a diversity of ailments including asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes and cancer, and current research in China focuses on the identification of active ingredients in geckos and the verification of their efficacy. The actual number of species involved in the Chinese Traditional Medicine trade may be higher than currently realized due to the fraudulent sale of counterfeit geckos and accidental misidentification. The potential pool of species includes at least 37 species from throughout the broad area in which geckos and other wildlife are collected for use in China. Although powders and tablets pose difficulties for identification, the whole dried form in which geckos are often sold permits the identification of most species. A key is provided to the 12 species of geckos most likely to be encountered in the trade of Asian traditional medicine.
{"title":"Geckos in traditional medicine: forensic implications","authors":"A. Bauer","doi":"10.1163/157075408X397509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408X397509","url":null,"abstract":"At least 14 species of geckos are utilized as ingredients in the pharmacopia of traditional medicine systems around the world. Chinese Traditional Medicine uses two types of geckos, large tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) and small geckos (Gekko spp., Hemidactylus spp.) to treat a diversity of ailments including asthma, tuberculosis, diabetes and cancer, and current research in China focuses on the identification of active ingredients in geckos and the verification of their efficacy. The actual number of species involved in the Chinese Traditional Medicine trade may be higher than currently realized due to the fraudulent sale of counterfeit geckos and accidental misidentification. The potential pool of species includes at least 37 species from throughout the broad area in which geckos and other wildlife are collected for use in China. Although powders and tablets pose difficulties for identification, the whole dried form in which geckos are often sold permits the identification of most species. A key is provided to the 12 species of geckos most likely to be encountered in the trade of Asian traditional medicine.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"81-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408X397509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64922690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408X386196
J. Loman, Björn Lardner
Frogs are often rare or absent from intensively farmed areas. Here we explore the possibility that the landscape and the quality of the terrestrial habitat are unsuitable for these populations. Spawn of Rana arvalis and R. temporaria was introduced into ponds in a south Swedish agricultural landscape in 2003 (eight ponds) and 2004 (ten ponds). Metamorphs emerged from nine (R. a.) and 12 (R. t.) of these. In years following the introduction, spawn was found in five (R. a.) and eight (R. t.) of these 18 ponds. The number of spawn clumps peaked two years after the introduction. Three or four years after the introduction, breeding persisted in only two of the ponds (where both species were breeding). One year later also these populations had also become extinct. In control ponds (ponds within 750 m of the introduction ponds), spawn of R. temporaria was occasionally found but there was no trend, nor any temporal peak in frequency or quantity of spawn in these ponds. There were calling males of both species already one year after the introduction at a few ponds, indicating an unusually early maturation for some individuals. We suggest that the terrestrial habitat in this region is not suitable for the continued presence of populations of R. arvalis and R. temporaria. This may be related to the habitat per se or to the isolation of the populations.
{"title":"Does landscape and habitat limit the frogs Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria in agricultural landscapes? A field experiment","authors":"J. Loman, Björn Lardner","doi":"10.1163/157075408X386196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408X386196","url":null,"abstract":"Frogs are often rare or absent from intensively farmed areas. Here we explore the possibility that the landscape and the quality of the terrestrial habitat are unsuitable for these populations. Spawn of Rana arvalis and R. temporaria was introduced into ponds in a south Swedish agricultural landscape in 2003 (eight ponds) and 2004 (ten ponds). Metamorphs emerged from nine (R. a.) and 12 (R. t.) of these. In years following the introduction, spawn was found in five (R. a.) and eight (R. t.) of these 18 ponds. The number of spawn clumps peaked two years after the introduction. Three or four years after the introduction, breeding persisted in only two of the ponds (where both species were breeding). One year later also these populations had also become extinct. In control ponds (ponds within 750 m of the introduction ponds), spawn of R. temporaria was occasionally found but there was no trend, nor any temporal peak in frequency or quantity of spawn in these ponds. There were calling males of both species already one year after the introduction at a few ponds, indicating an unusually early maturation for some individuals. We suggest that the terrestrial habitat in this region is not suitable for the continued presence of populations of R. arvalis and R. temporaria. This may be related to the habitat per se or to the isolation of the populations.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408X386196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64922068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075409X427171
G. Perry
Eleutherodactylus lentus, thought to be endemic to the US Virgin Islands, is now found on Jost Van Dyke in the nearby British Virgin Islands, where previous surveys have failed to note it. This poses an unusual conundrum. If the new record represents human-aided dispersal, then control actions may be appropriate, even though the species is categorized as at risk in its native range. However, it is possible that this population is native to Jost Van Dyke, and was not previously recorded because of methodological issues. In that case, protection would be warranted. Interviews with researchers and locals suggest the former scenario is more likely.
Eleutherodactylus lentus被认为是美属维尔京群岛的特有物种，现在在附近的英属维尔京群岛的Jost Van Dyke上发现了它，之前的调查没有注意到它。这就提出了一个不同寻常的难题。如果新的记录代表了人类辅助的扩散，那么控制措施可能是适当的，即使该物种在其原生范围内被归类为处于危险之中。然而，有可能这个种群是Jost Van Dyke的原生种群，由于方法问题，以前没有记录。在这种情况下，保护是必要的。对研究人员和当地人的采访表明，前一种情况更有可能发生。
{"title":"First record of the frog Eleutherodactylus lentus in the British Virgin Islands: Conservation implications of native or introduced status","authors":"G. Perry","doi":"10.1163/157075409X427171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075409X427171","url":null,"abstract":"Eleutherodactylus lentus, thought to be endemic to the US Virgin Islands, is now found on Jost Van Dyke in the nearby British Virgin Islands, where previous surveys have failed to note it. This poses an unusual conundrum. If the new record represents human-aided dispersal, then control actions may be appropriate, even though the species is categorized as at risk in its native range. However, it is possible that this population is native to Jost Van Dyke, and was not previously recorded because of methodological issues. In that case, protection would be warranted. Interviews with researchers and locals suggest the former scenario is more likely.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"185-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075409X427171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64922953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075409X420042
T. Campbell, Paul Irvin, K. Campbell, Kristine Hoffmann, Mark E. Dykes, Aaron J. Harding, Steve A. Johnson
Amphibians can be very difficult to mark because of their extraordinary powers of regeneration. Although many amphibian marking techniques have been developed, few meet the rigorous assumptions of capture-mark-recapture models. Also, excessive toe-clipping may affect frog survivorship adversely. We tested the efficacy of a new hybrid marking technique (VIE-C) that combines Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) and toe-clipping on four species of treefrogs in West-Central Florida. Of the 840 treefrogs recaptured over a 15-month period, only one mark was unreadable. A significantly higher percentage of VIE marks (80%) than toe-clips (55%) remained viable for the duration of the study. On average, toe-clips remained readable for 100 days, and VIE marks remained readable for 112 days. There were no significant species differences in the length of time that either type of mark lasted. The hybrid VIE-C method represents an improvement over either method used alone, but the VIE mark will be more helpful in correctly reading and clarifying toe-clipping errors than will toe-clips be helpful in reading and clarifying VIE marks.
{"title":"Evaluation of a new technique for marking anurans","authors":"T. Campbell, Paul Irvin, K. Campbell, Kristine Hoffmann, Mark E. Dykes, Aaron J. Harding, Steve A. Johnson","doi":"10.1163/157075409X420042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075409X420042","url":null,"abstract":"Amphibians can be very difficult to mark because of their extraordinary powers of regeneration. Although many amphibian marking techniques have been developed, few meet the rigorous assumptions of capture-mark-recapture models. Also, excessive toe-clipping may affect frog survivorship adversely. We tested the efficacy of a new hybrid marking technique (VIE-C) that combines Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) and toe-clipping on four species of treefrogs in West-Central Florida. Of the 840 treefrogs recaptured over a 15-month period, only one mark was unreadable. A significantly higher percentage of VIE marks (80%) than toe-clips (55%) remained viable for the duration of the study. On average, toe-clips remained readable for 100 days, and VIE marks remained readable for 112 days. There were no significant species differences in the length of time that either type of mark lasted. The hybrid VIE-C method represents an improvement over either method used alone, but the VIE mark will be more helpful in correctly reading and clarifying toe-clipping errors than will toe-clips be helpful in reading and clarifying VIE marks.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075409X420042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64923149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075409X432931
M. Lettink, A. Thierry, A. Besson, A. Cree
Artificial retreats or refuges (ARs) provide a useful method for sampling lizards and a possible means of restoring habitat to aid population persistence. Previous research suggests that preferences for ARs may vary among species and between different designs. To test these ideas further, we examined the influence of thermal and structural characteristics on use of three types of ARs by the nocturnal common gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) and diurnal McCann's skink (Oligosoma maccanni), two lizards endemic to New Zealand. The field study confirmed that the three ARs (triple-layered Onduline, triple-layered iron, solid concrete) differed in retreat-site temperatures provided during each of three seasons (winter, spring and summer). In their top spaces, Onduline ARs were the warmest by day, coolest by night, and thus displayed the largest diel variations in temperature. In the laboratory, common geckos showed a significant preference for Onduline whether ARs were exposed to a radiant overhead heat source or not, whereas skinks did not display any preference among the three types of ARs regardless of heating. The three types of ARs provided field temperatures within the thermal preference range of both species (data obtained from the literature) but only for the top spaces of the ARs and only during summer. Onduline was the only AR to consistently provide the temperatures preferred by pregnant females. Although this study suggests that structural properties alone may be sufficient to explain the preference of geckos for triple-layered Onduline stacks, it does not eliminate the possibility that attractive thermal properties also contribute. Long-term studies are needed to test the effects of artificial refuge supplementation on reptiles, and on their predators and competitors.
{"title":"Thermal properties of artificial refuges and their implications for retreat-site selection in lizards","authors":"M. Lettink, A. Thierry, A. Besson, A. Cree","doi":"10.1163/157075409X432931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075409X432931","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial retreats or refuges (ARs) provide a useful method for sampling lizards and a possible means of restoring habitat to aid population persistence. Previous research suggests that preferences for ARs may vary among species and between different designs. To test these ideas further, we examined the influence of thermal and structural characteristics on use of three types of ARs by the nocturnal common gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) and diurnal McCann's skink (Oligosoma maccanni), two lizards endemic to New Zealand. The field study confirmed that the three ARs (triple-layered Onduline, triple-layered iron, solid concrete) differed in retreat-site temperatures provided during each of three seasons (winter, spring and summer). In their top spaces, Onduline ARs were the warmest by day, coolest by night, and thus displayed the largest diel variations in temperature. In the laboratory, common geckos showed a significant preference for Onduline whether ARs were exposed to a radiant overhead heat source or not, whereas skinks did not display any preference among the three types of ARs regardless of heating. The three types of ARs provided field temperatures within the thermal preference range of both species (data obtained from the literature) but only for the top spaces of the ARs and only during summer. Onduline was the only AR to consistently provide the temperatures preferred by pregnant females. Although this study suggests that structural properties alone may be sufficient to explain the preference of geckos for triple-layered Onduline stacks, it does not eliminate the possibility that attractive thermal properties also contribute. Long-term studies are needed to test the effects of artificial refuge supplementation on reptiles, and on their predators and competitors.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"307-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075409X432931","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64923359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408X394142
Jeff R. Troy, M. Forstner, G. Hood, R. Swanson, Vincent R. Farallo
The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) is native to countries surrounding the Mediterranean and extends east to India and Somalia (Conant and Collins, 1998). However, H. turcicus has spread to several New World countries including Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, and the United States. The first verified report of H. turcicus in the United States is known from Key West, Florida in 1915, with other notable introductions documented in Arizona, California, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, and other areas of Florida (Lever, 2003). Spread of this species has since been documented in many additional states (Livo et al., 1998; Hare, 2006; Kleopfer et al., 2006; Reed et al., 2006; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Human-mediated dispersal is thought to be the major cause of this species’ dramatic range expansion (Lever, 2003), and Locey and Stone (2006) suggested that dispersal ability is limited and jump dispersal events are the major mode of expansion. Climate is thought to be a major factor preventing the northward spread of this species (Meshaka et al., 2006). However, cold climates are circumvented through exploitation of heated buildings, demonstrated by gecko presence in Colorado, South Dakota, and Maryland (Livo et al., 1998; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Hemidactylus turcicus has been recorded throughout much of East and South Texas, but notable gaps exist in its distribution, such as the apparent absence from the panhandle with the exception of Lubbock County (Dixon, 2000; Jadin and Coleman, 2007). Approximately 28 counties in Central Texas lack a record
地中海家壁虎(Hemidactylus turcicus)原产于地中海周边国家，向东延伸至印度和索马里(Conant and Collins, 1998)。然而，黄唇虱已经传播到几个新大陆国家，包括古巴、墨西哥、波多黎各、巴拿马和美国。1915年在佛罗里达州的基韦斯特(Key West)发现了美国第一个经证实的土耳其红蝽，在亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州、路易斯安那州、阿拉巴马州、德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州的其他地区也有其他著名的引种记录(Lever, 2003)。此后，该物种的传播在许多其他州得到了记录(Livo等人，1998;兔子,2006;Kleopfer et al.， 2006;Reed et al.， 2006;NatureServe, 2008;Platt et al.， 2008)。人类介导的扩散被认为是该物种急剧扩大范围的主要原因(Lever, 2003)， Locey和Stone(2006)认为扩散能力有限，跳跃扩散事件是主要的扩张模式。气候被认为是阻止该物种向北扩散的一个主要因素(Meshaka et al.， 2006)。然而，通过利用加热建筑来避开寒冷气候，在科罗拉多州、南达科他州和马里兰州的壁虎就证明了这一点(Livo等人，1998;NatureServe, 2008;Platt et al.， 2008)。在德克萨斯州东部和南部的大部分地区都有半爪蝽的记录，但其分布存在明显的差距，例如除了拉伯克县外，在狭长地带明显没有(Dixon, 2000;Jadin and Coleman, 2007)。德克萨斯州中部大约有28个县没有记录
{"title":"New county records for the Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) in Central Texas, with comments on human-mediated dispersal","authors":"Jeff R. Troy, M. Forstner, G. Hood, R. Swanson, Vincent R. Farallo","doi":"10.1163/157075408X394142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408X394142","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) is native to countries surrounding the Mediterranean and extends east to India and Somalia (Conant and Collins, 1998). However, H. turcicus has spread to several New World countries including Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, and the United States. The first verified report of H. turcicus in the United States is known from Key West, Florida in 1915, with other notable introductions documented in Arizona, California, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, and other areas of Florida (Lever, 2003). Spread of this species has since been documented in many additional states (Livo et al., 1998; Hare, 2006; Kleopfer et al., 2006; Reed et al., 2006; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Human-mediated dispersal is thought to be the major cause of this species’ dramatic range expansion (Lever, 2003), and Locey and Stone (2006) suggested that dispersal ability is limited and jump dispersal events are the major mode of expansion. Climate is thought to be a major factor preventing the northward spread of this species (Meshaka et al., 2006). However, cold climates are circumvented through exploitation of heated buildings, demonstrated by gecko presence in Colorado, South Dakota, and Maryland (Livo et al., 1998; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Hemidactylus turcicus has been recorded throughout much of East and South Texas, but notable gaps exist in its distribution, such as the apparent absence from the panhandle with the exception of Lubbock County (Dixon, 2000; Jadin and Coleman, 2007). Approximately 28 counties in Central Texas lack a record","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"196-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408X394142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64922423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075309X12470350858398
Björn Lardner, J. Savidge, G. Rodda, R. Reed, A. A. Y. Adams
We conducted standardized visual searches at night for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and geckos, where we alternated between spotlight and floodlight lamps. Floodlights rendered us 25% more snakes and 71% more geckos than did spotlights. We show data on searcher variability and discuss what might affect the relative benefit of different lamp types.
{"title":"The results of nocturnal visual surveys are influenced by lamp properties","authors":"Björn Lardner, J. Savidge, G. Rodda, R. Reed, A. A. Y. Adams","doi":"10.1163/157075309X12470350858398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted standardized visual searches at night for brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) and geckos, where we alternated between spotlight and floodlight lamps. Floodlights rendered us 25% more snakes and 71% more geckos than did spotlights. We show data on searcher variability and discuss what might affect the relative benefit of different lamp types.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075309X12470350858398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64912512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075408X386169
G. Gerber, K. Bradley, C. R. Knapp, A. Alberts, R. Goodman
Methods for attaching radio transmitters to rock iguanas (genus Cyclura ) are described and compared based on signal range, longevity of attachment, and potential disturbance to animal behavior or health. Case studies are described for all instances of internal implantation, ingestion, and external attachment of transmitters for which data are available. Signal range did not differ dramatically between attachment methods, but did differ between transmitter models and habitats in which iguanas were tracked. Only transmitters with coiled antennas showed a dramatic reduction in signal range. Longevity of transmitter attachment varied greatly among attachment methods, and was greatest for implantation, least for ingestion, and intermediate for external methods. Internal placement of transmitters via ingestion or implantation was advantageous in having no external apparatus to snag on vegetation or rocks. However, ingestion yielded less than one week of data, and implantation required costly, potentially stressful surgery. External attachment methods, including suturing of transmitters, mounting with adhesive, and harnesses or collars with breakaway mechanisms, entailed low cost and low risk, but were less reliable for long-term attachment. Harnesses or belts that lacked breakaway mechanisms entailed higher risk, because iguanas may suffer injury or death if not monitored frequently and recaptured for removal of attachment devices. In many studies, iguanas successfully mated, nested, and appeared to behave normally with transmitters attached by various methods. However, further research is needed to determine how different attachment methods affect the health, behavior, and survivorship of iguanas, particularly in smaller species and juveniles, which are more susceptible to predation.
{"title":"Review of radio transmitter attachment methods for West Indian rock iguanas (genus Cyclura )","authors":"G. Gerber, K. Bradley, C. R. Knapp, A. Alberts, R. Goodman","doi":"10.1163/157075408X386169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075408X386169","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for attaching radio transmitters to rock iguanas (genus Cyclura ) are described and compared based on signal range, longevity of attachment, and potential disturbance to animal behavior or health. Case studies are described for all instances of internal implantation, ingestion, and external attachment of transmitters for which data are available. Signal range did not differ dramatically between attachment methods, but did differ between transmitter models and habitats in which iguanas were tracked. Only transmitters with coiled antennas showed a dramatic reduction in signal range. Longevity of transmitter attachment varied greatly among attachment methods, and was greatest for implantation, least for ingestion, and intermediate for external methods. Internal placement of transmitters via ingestion or implantation was advantageous in having no external apparatus to snag on vegetation or rocks. However, ingestion yielded less than one week of data, and implantation required costly, potentially stressful surgery. External attachment methods, including suturing of transmitters, mounting with adhesive, and harnesses or collars with breakaway mechanisms, entailed low cost and low risk, but were less reliable for long-term attachment. Harnesses or belts that lacked breakaway mechanisms entailed higher risk, because iguanas may suffer injury or death if not monitored frequently and recaptured for removal of attachment devices. In many studies, iguanas successfully mated, nested, and appeared to behave normally with transmitters attached by various methods. However, further research is needed to determine how different attachment methods affect the health, behavior, and survivorship of iguanas, particularly in smaller species and juveniles, which are more susceptible to predation.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"6 1","pages":"151-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075408X386169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64921981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.1163/157075309X12526728844095
M. J. Maclean, M. Tyler
The development of a technique of electrical stimulation to release secretions from the dermal macroglands of anurans has permitted analysis of the secretions of numerous species without the need to kill the subjects. Sequential photography of the process, involving stimulation of the parotoid glands of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, demonstrates the temporal characteristics. Liberation of the secretions commences after five seconds and maximum discharge is attained after 25 s.
{"title":"Temporal release characteristics of cane toad parotoid gland secretions following benign electrical stimulation","authors":"M. J. Maclean, M. Tyler","doi":"10.1163/157075309X12526728844095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/157075309X12526728844095","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a technique of electrical stimulation to release secretions from the dermal macroglands of anurans has permitted analysis of the secretions of numerous species without the need to kill the subjects. Sequential photography of the process, involving stimulation of the parotoid glands of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, demonstrates the temporal characteristics. Liberation of the secretions commences after five seconds and maximum discharge is attained after 25 s.","PeriodicalId":55499,"journal":{"name":"Applied Herpetology","volume":"16 1","pages":"397-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/157075309X12526728844095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64912618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：