American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

Integration into postsecondary education (PSE) promotes social mobility. However, young women who use social welfare services and face situations of risk and adversity encounter various barriers on their path to pursuing PSE. This study, based on social cognitive career theory and intersectionality theory, proposed a comprehensive model using risk and protective factors to predict perceived educational barriers for service-using young women not enrolled in PSE. It used data from interviews with 248 service-using young women from Israel. Multiple regression analysis revealed several associations: Young women who faced economic difficulties, had diagnoses of learning disabilities, experienced a high situation of risk, and elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to report higher perceived barriers to accessing PSE. Regarding protective factors, participants with higher levels of cognitive variables (sense of mastery and academic expectations) tended to perceive lower educational barriers. Similarly, participants who reported higher family support were generally more inclined to report lower educational barriers. Peer support served to moderate the relationship between learning disabilities and perceived educational barriers. In addition, academic expectations moderated the relationship between education level and perceived barriers to accessing PSE. These findings highlight the negative effects of marginalization, risk, and PTSD symptoms on perceived educational barriers among service-using young women. They also underscore the need to develop interventions and policies that address these conditions and increase protective factors in order to improve educational opportunities for marginalized young women and help them overcome barriers that limit their integration into PSE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The landmark adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control shook the bedrock of the scientific community, highlighting the commonality of ACEs and identifying a dose-response relationship with poor health outcomes. The seminal findings led to a surge in ACEs research and a growing body of empirical literature; however, the ACEs measure has numerous conceptual and measurement issues that are often overlooked in the research. Such problems include a lack of a clear conceptual definition of what constitutes an ACE, item formulation and coverage, item scoring, and lack of contextual information. The current article aims to integrate existing critiques of the ACEs measure, extend critiques in greater detail, and proffer new ideas related to the conceptualization and study of ACEs. In preference to conceptualizing ACEs consistent with existing literature, we make a case that there are four unique and conceptually distinct subcategories of ACEs that should be conceptualized independently as individual adversities that frequently co-occur. We provide recommendations for researchers and discuss the utility of the ACEs measure as a screening tool. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study aimed to explore the associations between perceived maternal attachment and self-representations of youth in residential care (RC), considering the potential moderator role of youth's sex and age and the potential concurrent effect of frequency and type of family visits and length of time in RC. To this end, a sample of 659 youth aged 11-18 (M = 15.65, SD = 1.72) from RC settings filled out self-report questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions of maternal attachment and self-representations. Results indicated that lower perceived maternal attachment was associated with higher levels of global negative self-representations. Moreover, compared to young men, young women with lower levels of perceived maternal attachment perceived themselves as having more negative self-representations. No moderating effects of age were found. This study contributes to the literature in the field of RC with evidence regarding the association of perceived maternal attachment with self-representations and the moderating role of youth's sex, which informs the development of interventions with this vulnerable population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Concerns about health workers' burnout and psychological well-being have increased as public health crises spread worldwide. This study aims to examine the burnout and psychological distress levels among health care professionals working in our children's hospital 1 month after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. A total of 213 health care workers (180 females, 84.5%, mean age 32.67) were included in the study. This cross-sectional study assessed burnout symptoms, psychological distress, and resilience via the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and the Brief Resilience Scale, respectively. A substantial number of participants (n = 117, 54.9%) reported high emotional exhaustion; approximately half of those were nurses (n = 56, 47.9%). The nurses had higher emotional exhaustion, depression, and stress scores as well as lower self-reported resilience scores than other health care assistants. Higher stress scores were associated with an increased likelihood of high emotional exhaustion, while having more work experience was a protective factor regarding the high emotional exhaustion of nurses. Our results showed that a significant proportion of health care workers had a high level of burnout. Frontline nurses as a group were at heightened risk for psychological distress and emotional exhaustion in the early stages of the disaster. Screening burnout and psychological distress in health care professionals is important for preventive strategies after the disaster. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Second-generation persons experience unique interpersonal stressors that contribute to overall risk for suicide. However, studies to date have yet to examine complex associations for interpersonal risks and suicide ideation in this growing population. Consistent with the interpersonal theory of suicide, the purpose of this study was to examine the potential moderating effects of acculturative stress (familial and general) in the association of perceived burdensomeness and suicide ideation among second-generation Asian American and Latinx young adults. Second-generation Asian American (n = 146) and Latinx (n = 139) university students completed self-measures of perceived burdensomeness, acculturative stress, suicide ideation, and depressive symptoms. Regression analyses revealed that the association for perceived burden and suicide ideation was most robust at higher levels of familial acculturative stress for Asian American study participants. Other models demonstrated likely clinical significance but did not reach statistical significance. In one example, perceived burdensomeness was associated with suicide ideation for second-generation Latinx study participants but, unexpectedly, at low (not high) levels of familial acculturative stress. General acculturative stress was not associated with suicide ideation for Asian American or Latinx university students in multivariate models. The current findings provide insight into interpersonal and contextual factors that contribute to suicide ideation for vulnerable second-generation Asian American and Latinx young adults. Further research is needed to assess shame, parental acculturative stress, and potential buffers such as peer support in risk/resilience models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The study sought to examine the content and processes that characterize the lived experiences of parents of children with disabilities as service users. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing the photovoice methodology to explore formative experiences derived from participants' lived experiences. A total of 24 participants were interviewed; 19 were parents of children with autism and five were parents of children with other disabilities. The database was analyzed by content analysis. Four central themes were identified: (1) interactions with services and their representatives; (2) challenges embodied in the parents' lived experiences as service users; (3) translation into action: expanding the parental role; and (4) policy changing. Research findings emphasize the fact that as the child's primary caregiver, parents of children with disabilities should be treated as primary service users themselves. Services providing care and support for children with disabilities should consider parents' lived experience-based knowledge when designing and planning services. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Coping resources are a vital component for health care social workers (HCSWs), considering the challenges embodied in their work routine. However, when it comes to times of national-global crisis, the issue of coping resources becomes both urgent and unique because it is a context of shared traumatic reality. In such situations, both the professional and the service users simultaneously face the same existential threat. Therefore, the present study used the interpretive phenomenological approach to examine coping resources as defined by 15 HCSWs regarding the role they played during the COVID-19 crisis. The participants completed semistructured, qualitative interviews in which they shared their knowledge about coping resources in the professional and personal-family dimensions. Four themes and nine subthemes related to coping resources emerged: (a) professional vitality, which is described through the subthemes of "sacred" work and being part of an elite unit; (b) team cohesion, manifested through the subthemes of team support and management support; (c) self-care, in which the subthemes of self-listening, internalized values, and rites of passage are expressed; and (d) family support, described through the subthemes of independence/stability, as well as pride. These findings highlight the ways in which coping resources helped the HCSWs contain and manage the home-work conflict, which takes on a critical meaning during times of national-global crisis. Therefore, HCSWs and the organizations that employ them need to recognize and institutionalize the various manifestations of these coping resources, some of which have been described as based on spontaneity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

In the aftermath of Hurricane María's devastating impact on Puerto Rico in September 2017, a wave of migration to the continental United States followed. Despite Puerto Rico's territorial association with the United States, its distinct culture and language often render its migrants as cultural minorities who are often treated as foreigners. Prior research has indicated that natural disasters can have a profound effect on the family unit, so examining the experiences of displacement and resettlement of Puerto Rican parents can shed light on the challenges faced by these families. Using cultural stress theory and psychological sense of community as guiding frameworks, this qualitative study aimed to explore the experience of Puerto Rican parents displaced to the United States following Hurricane María. A total of 42 Puerto Rican Hurricane María migrant parents agreed to participate in semistructured interviews. Our findings illuminate a trade-off in the lives of Puerto Rican migrants: As they departed their homeland, they exchanged social connections, support networks, and the vibrant social fabric of Puerto Rico for the promise of economic stability, reduced crime, and enhanced prospects for themselves and their children in the United States. This study represents a crucial contribution to the understanding of Puerto Ricans who have embarked on the challenging journey of relocating in the aftermath of Hurricane María. It underscores how they grapple with the multifaceted challenges and benefits inherent in their roles as cross-cultural climate migrants, transitioning from the predominantly Spanish-speaking, Latin American context of Puerto Rico to the diverse landscape of the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).