American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

This study examined the health status and mortality of a cohort of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) over a 15-year period in Girona, Spain. A prospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 855 PEH from 2006 to 2021, with sociodemographic and clinical data gathered from public health and social records. During the follow-up period, 6.4% of the sample died, with an average age of death of 53.4 years. Leading causes of death included cancer, suicide, heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, drug overdose, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, meningitis, and sepsis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, alcohol addiction, and being born in Spain were the factors most strongly correlated with the mortality of PEH. Study findings underscore the significant health issues and sociohealth care inequalities faced by this population and highlight particular disparities between native-born and migrant PEH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Violent extremism (VE) is often manifested through hate discourses, which are hurtful for their targets, shatter social cohesion, and provoke feelings of impending threat. In a clinical setting, these discourses may affect clinicians in different ways, eroding their capacity to provide care. This clinical article describes the subjective experiences and the coping strategies of clinicians engaged with individuals attracted by VE. A focus group was held with eight clinicians and complemented with individual interviews and field notes. Clinicians reported four categories of personal consequences. First, results show that the effect of massive exposure to hate discourses is associated with somatic manifestations and with the subjective impression of being dirty. Second, clinicians endorse a wide range of work-related affects, ranging from intense fear, anger, and irritation to sadness and numbing. Third, they perceive that their work has relational consequences on their families and friends. Last, clinicians also describe that their work transforms their vision of the world. In terms of coping strategies, team relations and a community of practice were identified as supportive. With time, the pervasive uncertainty, the relative lack of institutional support, and the work-related emotional burden are associated with disengagement and burnout, in particular in practitioners working full-time with this clientele. Working with clients attracted to or engaged in VE is very demanding for clinicians. To mitigate the emotional burden of being frequently confronted with hate and threats, team relations, decreasing clinical exposure, and avoiding heroic positions help prevent burnout. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

We investigated whether effects of an 8-week mindfulness training (Mindfulness Institute for Emerging Adults), known to result in changes in mindfulness, well-being, and mental health, would carry over into changes in compassion and then into changes in prosociality (a cascade effect). A total of 190 college students were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 93) or a waitlist control group (n = 97). The intervention was conducted online, via Zoom. Measures were completed pre-, mid-, and postintervention; principal component analysis of the surveys suggested the presence of four components, associated with measures of (a) mental health, (b) well-being, (c) compassion, and (d) lack of prejudice. We found larger beneficial change across time in mental health, well-being, and compassion for the mindfulness intervention group compared to the waitlist control; the benefits did not extend to measures related to prejudice. These benefits of the intervention were already evident at midpoint and further increased until posttest. There was no support for a cascade effect: Changes in mental health and well-being were coupled, but changes in compassion were not predicted by changes in any of the other variables. For the composites that showed effects, those who initially scored lowest benefitted the most. The results suggest that a standard mindfulness training not only benefits mental health and well-being but also impacts compassion, the latter through mechanisms that are currently unclear. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This article addresses the demand for trauma-based interventions tailored to the distinctive challenges confronting young men during the reentry phase, approximately 4-6 months prior to release and a year postrelease. We introduce the Resiliency in Stressful Experiences (RISE) program as a response to this need, drawing on two foundational conceptual frameworks: the trauma-based reentry framework and the well-being development model. These frameworks guide RISE in addressing lifetime traumatic experiences and trauma symptoms within the broader reentry context. In the article, the process of developing the RISE curriculum is delineated, which involved a literature review, adaptation of pertinent interventions, and collaborative engagement with a community advisory board consisting of formerly incarcerated individuals. The resulting curriculum seamlessly integrates trauma-informed cognitive-behavioral principles with well-being-oriented reentry programming, with a primary objective of augmenting emotion regulation, coping skills, and community stabilization. Finally, we discuss the ongoing randomized controlled trial of the RISE intervention that aims to evaluate the impact of RISE on community stability, posttraumatic stress disorder symptom management, and recidivism rates among individuals in a southeastern state. The potential for successful implementation and dissemination of the RISE curriculum is considered, emphasizing accessibility, ease of implementation, and acceptability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Exposure to trauma and early adversity can negatively affect youth development. Educational settings are well-positioned to help youth build resilience to the effects of trauma; however, they remain poorly equipped to implement strategies that support youth with trauma histories. Thus, we investigated the extent to which schools have implemented a trauma-informed approach, which was conceptualized using the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Four R's of Trauma-Informed Care and the Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices for Schools (TIPPS) framework. TIPPS is an adaptable system-oriented approach for addressing trauma. To explore the extent to which their schools realize, recognize, respond, and resist retraumatization, we conducted semistructured interviews with school professionals (n = 20). Interview findings suggest that many school professionals realize and recognize trauma to some extent; however, they have difficulty responding to trauma and resisting retraumatization of students. Incorporating elements of the TIPPS framework into teaching practices, trainings, and policies will bolster the capacity to respond to the needs of students and resist retraumatizing students. Findings strengthen our understanding of the supports needed by school professionals to implement a system-wide trauma-informed approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

What is the role of contemplative practices in the movement toward a more "just" criminal legal system? Over the past 8 years, we have explored this question through parallel lines of research and practice with police officers and incarcerated individuals who, despite very different relationships to this system, are all traumatized by an unjust system that erodes the humanity of all those connected to it. This article integrates our perspectives and critical reflections on this work with qualitative data from three groups we have engaged as research participants and community advisors. First, we share excerpts from semistructured interviews with police officers suggesting that an overemphasis on individual resilience and well-being may limit the extent to which mindfulness practices lead to interpersonal benefits or raise critical awareness of officers' role in an unjust criminal legal system. Second, we share perspectives from community advisors on how future research and training with police officers can be more responsive to community concerns and priorities. Third, after sharing reflections on offering mindfulness practices in prisons, we summarize recommendations from an advisory board of formerly incarcerated individuals on how mindfulness can best support community reentry. To advance justice through contemplative practice and research, our experiences suggest we must be explicit about the ethical framework in which mindfulness practices are offered; bring these practices to individuals and organizations with the capability to influence systems change; and foreground shared humanity above perceived differences for individuals with very different relationships to the criminal legal system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Growing evidence highlights the adverse mental health consequences linked to the surge in COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. However, the buffering role of social support in the context of the uniquely distressing experiences of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism remains uncertain. Thus, our study aimed to examine the link between COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism and depressive symptoms among Asian American emerging adults and to assess whether social support might moderate this relationship. Using data from 139 Asian American participants (M_age = 23.04), we conducted moderation analyses using the PROCESS macro with COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism predicting depressive symptoms and social support as the moderator. COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism significantly predicted more severe depressive symptoms. Social support moderated this relationship, but only among those with low exposure to COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. Further, results indicate that the protective benefits of social support diminish among Asian American individuals exposed to moderate to high levels of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. Results were similar across subtypes of emotional and instrumental support. These findings bring attention to a greater need for culturally sensitive social support systems that are responsive to specific forms of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Given the limited information on positive developmental outcomes for youth after justice system involvement, the present study aimed to identify patterns of gainful (i.e., career and education) expectations and behavior with 1,110 male and female youth adjudicated for a serious offense through group-based trajectory modeling. Using the Pathways to Desistance data set, we assessed whether expectation and behavior groups differed on demographic, peer, or romantic partner characteristics and modeled the codevelopment of expectations and behaviors through dual trajectory modeling. Approximately 30% of youth positively changed their expectations or behaviors after system involvement. Peer characteristics more robustly differentiated expectation and behavioral groups than romantic partner characteristics. The dual trajectory model presented a clear picture of developmental paths for youth with consistently low and high expectations for and engagement in gainful behaviors, but an unclear picture on how moderate or changing expectations and behavior codevelop. Overall, the results suggest it is important to consider the potential for positive change in juvenile justice dispositions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexual minority people are at increased risk of psychopathology, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compared with heterosexual people. Prior research has found that sexual minority people are more likely to be diagnosed with or treated for OCD compared with their heterosexual peers, and sexual minority people represent a substantial portion of those in OCD treatment. As such, it is critical to examine potential sexual orientation differences in clinical presentation and treatment outcomes among people with OCD. Among 437 patients in treatment for OCD, we examined OCD severity and related constructs (depression, worry, and quality of life) over treatment as a function of sexual orientation (bi+, gay/lesbian, and heterosexual). At admission, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between bi+, gay/lesbian, and heterosexual people. Treatment resulted in significantly reduced symptoms across all groups. However, depression was more severe across treatment for bi+ versus heterosexual people, improvements in quality of life were quicker for heterosexual and bi+ versus gay/lesbian people, and bi+ people reported quicker improvements in OCD versus heterosexual people. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health concern that is known to result in a plethora of detrimental outcomes, among them trauma-related symptoms. According to the betrayal trauma theory, these outcomes may be rooted not only in the abusive partner's betrayal but also in institutional betrayal, namely institutions' failure to fulfill their obligations to provide safety, resources, and protection to IPV victims/survivors. Yet, thus far, research on institutional betrayal has been focused on survivors of abuse that occurred within an institutional context. This study aimed to explore the implications of institutional betrayal for trauma-related symptoms among survivors of IPV, while broadening the scope of institutional betrayal and exploring institutional betrayal in relation to varied contexts. An online survey was conducted among Israeli female adults using self-report measures. The sample consisted of 117 IPV survivors, M_age = 39.35 (SD = 7.9), who reported involvement of various institutions around their IPV. Regression models indicated that institutional betrayal had a unique effect in explaining all four clusters of trauma-related symptoms. The risk for clinically significant trauma-related symptoms increased by 3% (OR = 1.03) for each increase in institutional betrayal, after controlling for income, having children with the abusive partner, degree of IPV exposure, and being abused by multiple partners. The present results suggest that institutional betrayal can be a retraumatizing experience, amplifying trauma-related distress in IPV survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).