American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

It is a pioneering study to reduce reactive and proactive aggression in high-risk children aged 6-10 through an innovative intervention through storytelling. The original storytelling group intervention was based on the social information processing model, specifically tailor-made for the distinctive functions and motives of reactive and proactive aggression. Eighty-seven elementary schools in Hong Kong were recruited through open recruitment, and 15 schools were randomly selected. Four thousand eighty-six children (2,292 boys and 1,794 girls) from Grades 1 to 4 completed the screening, and 371 high-risk students (280 boys and 91 girls) with reactive and proactive aggression were recruited based on the inclusion criteria. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a longitudinal design. Participants were then randomly assigned to the storytelling intervention, placebo, or control group. The group intervention consisted of 10 weekly 1-hr sessions. The participants were assessed at the baseline, after treatment, and 6 months after treatment by self-report and parent report. Longitudinal data were analyzed by linear mixed models. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the storytelling group intervention in reducing aggression. Compared with the placebo and control, the storytelling intervention further reduced self-reported aggressive behaviors but not parent-reported externalizing and internalizing problems. This storytelling intervention could be adopted in schools and other settings to treat high-risk children with aggressive behaviors without stigmatization. It can positively impact schools and society by reducing bullying and delinquency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Asian Americans are highly underrepresented in alcohol use research, despite recent studies demonstrating the presence of hazardous alcohol use behaviors and increasing alcohol use rates among Asian Americans. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect serve as important individual factors that may impact hazardous alcohol use. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate (a) the association between childhood emotional trauma and hazardous alcohol use and (b) the role of resilience as a moderator. Asian American participants (N = 279) completed an online remote survey. Our findings revealed that childhood emotional neglect, but not emotional abuse, was significantly and positively associated with hazardous alcohol use. We found that resilience moderated the association between childhood emotional neglect and hazardous alcohol use so that only participants with average or high resilience experienced a significant association between childhood emotional neglect and hazardous alcohol use. The findings indicate that emotional neglect is a specific form of childhood trauma that is significantly associated with hazardous alcohol use, perhaps as a maladaptive coping mechanism. Additionally, marginalized populations that demonstrate resilience may suffer negative health outcomes such as hazardous alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Previous studies showed inconsistent findings on the association between self-awareness and well-being among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender and sexually diverse (LGBTQ+) individuals. The present study examined the mediating effects of self-stigma and negative emotional responses to oppression in the relationship between self-awareness and well-being, as well as the protective role of nonattachment on the relationship. A total of 1,050 LGBTQ+ individuals were included in the study. They completed measures of nonattachment, self-awareness, self-stigma, negative emotional responses to oppression, and well-being. Results showed that self-awareness was positively associated with well-being via its effect on reduced self-stigma and negatively associated with well-being via its effect on increased negative emotional responses to oppression. For LGBTQ+ individuals with higher levels of nonattachment, the positive association between self-awareness and negative emotional responses to oppression was nonsignificant, and the negative association between self-awareness and self-stigma was strengthened. The study unravels the underlying psychological mechanisms through which self-awareness showed its positive and negative indirect effects on well-being among LGBTQ+ individuals. The results suggest that nonattachment, together with self-awareness, could be vital internal resources for the well-being of LGBTQ+ individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Queer (i.e., gay, bisexual, or another sexual minority identity) Asian American men experience unique challenges and strengths related to their social identities at the intersection of race and sexual orientation. While a sizable body of research has shown how this population faces racism within the broader queer community, there is little research that specifically examines the strengths of this population, including how they cultivate self-love in the face of White supremacy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how queer Asian American men who endorse self-love regardless of what queer white men think of them cultivate that self-love, as well as to understand the benefits of this self-love. Using a qualitative, grounded theory approach with 20 queer Asian American men who endorsed self-love regardless of what queer White men think of them, results indicated the core category of facilitating forces of self-love. Within this overarching category, results highlighted four key categories: location (i.e., predominantly White area, racially diverse area, and transition from one area to another), social support (i.e., processing experiences and challenging the status quo), self-reflection (i.e., journaling, therapy, and increasing critical consciousness/viewing the self-in-context), and active resistance (i.e., externalizing racism, distancing from Whiteness, seeking representation, engaging in activism or advocacy, and cultivating self-worth). This study highlights the specific mechanisms by which queer Asian American men love themselves regardless of queer white men's views of them, posing larger implications for how marginalized groups can resist and thrive in the face of societal oppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Beyond its physical health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic also resulted in grief from loss of loved ones, isolation due to social distancing, stress, fear, and economic distress-all of which impacted mental health. How Right Now/Qué Hacer Ahora (HRN) is an award-winning, national campaign that provides emotional support to people disproportionately affected by COVID-19. We conducted a theory-based, culturally responsive evaluation to assess the campaign's effect on coping behaviors and resiliency between summer 2020 and spring 2021. We surveyed HRN's priority audiences (older adults/caregivers and those with preexisting health conditions, experiencing violence, or economic distress) in English and Spanish using NORC's national probability panel, AmeriSpeak, over three waves. We also analyzed social media data and monitored HRN website traffic and triangulated these data to understand the campaign's full impact. Campaign exposure was associated with people who were experiencing higher levels of stress and were more likely to seek information to support their emotional well-being. Campaign exposure was also positively associated with increased feelings of resilience and confidence in using coping strategies, especially for people experiencing violence or economic distress and people from racial and ethnic groups. Findings demonstrate the campaign's success in reaching its intended audiences with the mental health support they needed. Additionally, the HRN evaluation's design illustrates how the use of multiple data sources can elucidate a deeper understanding of campaign impact. Findings underscore that culturally responsive health communication interventions-like HRN-can provide needed mental health support and resources to disproportionately affected communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Although scholars have increasingly drawn attention to the potentially traumatic nature of racial/ethnic discrimination, diagnostic systems continue to omit these exposures from trauma definitions. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the co-occurrence of conventional forms of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) with in-person and online forms of racism-based potentially traumatic experiences (rPTEs) like racial/ethnic discrimination. Additionally, we investigated the unique association of rPTEs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), accounting for demographics and other PTEs. Participants were (N = 570) 12-to-17-year-old (M_age = 14.53; 51.93% female) ethnoracially minoritized adolescents (54.21% Black; 45.79% Latiné). Youth completed online surveys of PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs, and mental health. Bivariate analyses indicated that youth who reported in-person and online rPTEs were more likely to experience all conventional PTEs. Accounting for demographics and conventional PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs were significantly associated with PTSD (in-person: aOR = 2.60, 95% CI [1.39, 4.86]; online: aOR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.41, 5.34]) and GAD (in-person: aOR = 2.94, 95% CI [1.64, 5.29]; online: aOR = 2.25, 95% CI [1.24, 4.04]) and demonstrated the strongest effect sizes of all trauma exposures. In-person, but not online, rPTEs were linked with an increased risk for MDD (aOR = 4.47, 95% CI [1.77, 11.32]). Overall, rPTEs demonstrated stronger associations with PTSD, MDD, and GAD compared to conventional PTEs. Findings align with racial trauma frameworks proposing that racial/ethnic discrimination is a unique traumatic stressor with distinct mental health impacts on ethnoracially minoritized youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Suicide continues to be a public health crisis among adolescents in the United States. Suicide prevention requires a comprehensive understanding of the factors that lead to death from suicide. Housing stability is an important social determinant of health, and literature has begun to describe how housing instability can affect mental health, as well as suicidal behavior. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between lifetime housing mobility among adolescents and suicidal behavior (both ideation and attempt). This study examines disparities in housing mobility and suicidal behavior to determine whether certain population subgroups are disproportionately impacted. We undertook a cross-sectional study using data from Wisconsin's Youth Risk Behavior Survey administered during the Fall of 2019, which assessed Wisconsin middle and high school students. We find that housing mobility, as measured in the lifetime number of residences, was associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. We also demonstrate disparities by race, disability status, and sexual orientation. Findings from this study can be used to not only drive change to support students at the school or school district level but also to drive policy change at the societal level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Poor psychological health has been consistently documented for sexually minoritized women. However, little is known about the association between poor psychological health and physical health. This study examined associations between psychological distress and cardiometabolic health, including cardiovascular disease risk conditions (hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) and diagnoses (stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and angina), by sexual identity among women. Data are from the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey and included 102,279 women, who were straight (n = 97,909), lesbian/gay (n = 1,424), bisexual (n = 1,235), something else (n = 360), did not know (n = 712), and refused to disclose (n = 639). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were fit to estimate associations between psychological distress (measured with Kessler-6) and cardiometabolic health (self-reported diagnosis) and to examine sexual-identity differences in these associations. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, severe psychological distress was associated with significantly higher odds of having a cardiometabolic health condition (OR = 2.66). These associations generally did not statistically significantly differ based on sexual identity. However, potential substantive differences in the magnitude of the association existed among lesbian/gay (OR = 4.00) compared to straight women (OR = 2.73). Moreover, women who identified as gay/lesbian, bisexual, "something else," or "I don't know" all reported significantly higher prevalence of severe psychological distress than straight women. Given the overall positive association between psychological distress and cardiometabolic health as well as the higher prevalence of severe psychological distress among sexual minority women, more work is needed to longitudinally examine the effects of psychological distress on health among sexually minoritized women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A majority of Muslim American college students have grown up exclusively within a post-9/11 climate of surveillance and discrimination. Recent events such as the Trump administration's "Muslim ban" and the Israel-Hamas War have led to additional spikes in Islamophobia and discrimination against Muslim Americans. Developmentally, college students are particularly susceptible to the impacts of discrimination because of the identity exploration that occurs during emerging adulthood. Yet, the effects of discrimination on Muslim American college students are understudied. This qualitative study sought to understand how 1.5- and second-generation immigrant-origin Muslim American college students (a) experience discrimination, (b) describe the emotional impacts of discrimination, and (c) cope with discrimination. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 Muslim American college students between the ages of 18 and 21 years (M = 19.85). Conventional content analysis yielded 14 themes and 9 subthemes. Themes consisted of pride in Muslim identity; complexity of visible markers of Muslim identity; stereotypes; microaggressions; multiple, intersecting forms of oppression; historical, ongoing sociocultural trauma; overt Islamophobia; fear, anxiety, and distrust; impact on identity; sadness and hopelessness about the future; intrapsychic forms of coping; relational forms of coping; shifting actions and behaviors; and generational differences in coping. Findings indicated that discrimination experienced by Muslim American college students is chronic, pervasive, and intersectional. Participants experienced discrimination at various stages in their development, across multiple contexts, and on account of multiple marginalized identities. Notably, participants' experiences of discrimination coexisted with a sense of pride in being Muslim. Implications for research and intervention are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exposure to childhood trauma confers intergenerational risk on child development. However, the mechanism linking a mother's childhood trauma with her child's cognitive development remains poorly understood. This study recruited 71 mother-child dyads affected by substance use disorder from local, community-based, outpatient substance use treatment programs. Maternal exposure to childhood trauma, caregiving behavior, and child cognitive development were assessed in each mother-child dyad. These were measured through a comprehensive biopsychosocial interview, an observed dyadic interaction coded using the Coding Interactive Behavior system, and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Screening Test, respectively. We hypothesized that compromised caregiving behavior would mediate a negative relationship between maternal childhood trauma and child cognitive development. Analyses did not support this hypothesis. Specifically, maternal childhood trauma was not significantly associated with child cognitive development nor the four dimensions of maternal caregiving behavior. However, caregiving behavior (specifically maternal sensitivity and limit setting) was associated with child cognitive development, when controlling for maternal childhood trauma and child age. The lack of associations observed suggests that protective factors may buffer the intergenerational impact of childhood trauma. Furthermore, the relationship between quality of caregiving and child cognitive development highlights the importance of interventions which foster sensitive caregiving behaviors that may bolster child cognitive development in the context of maternal substance use disorder and maternal childhood trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).