American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

Exposure to trauma and early adversity can negatively affect youth development. Educational settings are well-positioned to help youth build resilience to the effects of trauma; however, they remain poorly equipped to implement strategies that support youth with trauma histories. Thus, we investigated the extent to which schools have implemented a trauma-informed approach, which was conceptualized using the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Four R's of Trauma-Informed Care and the Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices for Schools (TIPPS) framework. TIPPS is an adaptable system-oriented approach for addressing trauma. To explore the extent to which their schools realize, recognize, respond, and resist retraumatization, we conducted semistructured interviews with school professionals (n = 20). Interview findings suggest that many school professionals realize and recognize trauma to some extent; however, they have difficulty responding to trauma and resisting retraumatization of students. Incorporating elements of the TIPPS framework into teaching practices, trainings, and policies will bolster the capacity to respond to the needs of students and resist retraumatizing students. Findings strengthen our understanding of the supports needed by school professionals to implement a system-wide trauma-informed approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Growing evidence highlights the adverse mental health consequences linked to the surge in COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. However, the buffering role of social support in the context of the uniquely distressing experiences of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism remains uncertain. Thus, our study aimed to examine the link between COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism and depressive symptoms among Asian American emerging adults and to assess whether social support might moderate this relationship. Using data from 139 Asian American participants (M_age = 23.04), we conducted moderation analyses using the PROCESS macro with COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism predicting depressive symptoms and social support as the moderator. COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism significantly predicted more severe depressive symptoms. Social support moderated this relationship, but only among those with low exposure to COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. Further, results indicate that the protective benefits of social support diminish among Asian American individuals exposed to moderate to high levels of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. Results were similar across subtypes of emotional and instrumental support. These findings bring attention to a greater need for culturally sensitive social support systems that are responsive to specific forms of COVID-19-related anti-Asian racism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Given the limited information on positive developmental outcomes for youth after justice system involvement, the present study aimed to identify patterns of gainful (i.e., career and education) expectations and behavior with 1,110 male and female youth adjudicated for a serious offense through group-based trajectory modeling. Using the Pathways to Desistance data set, we assessed whether expectation and behavior groups differed on demographic, peer, or romantic partner characteristics and modeled the codevelopment of expectations and behaviors through dual trajectory modeling. Approximately 30% of youth positively changed their expectations or behaviors after system involvement. Peer characteristics more robustly differentiated expectation and behavioral groups than romantic partner characteristics. The dual trajectory model presented a clear picture of developmental paths for youth with consistently low and high expectations for and engagement in gainful behaviors, but an unclear picture on how moderate or changing expectations and behavior codevelop. Overall, the results suggest it is important to consider the potential for positive change in juvenile justice dispositions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexual minority people are at increased risk of psychopathology, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compared with heterosexual people. Prior research has found that sexual minority people are more likely to be diagnosed with or treated for OCD compared with their heterosexual peers, and sexual minority people represent a substantial portion of those in OCD treatment. As such, it is critical to examine potential sexual orientation differences in clinical presentation and treatment outcomes among people with OCD. Among 437 patients in treatment for OCD, we examined OCD severity and related constructs (depression, worry, and quality of life) over treatment as a function of sexual orientation (bi+, gay/lesbian, and heterosexual). At admission, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between bi+, gay/lesbian, and heterosexual people. Treatment resulted in significantly reduced symptoms across all groups. However, depression was more severe across treatment for bi+ versus heterosexual people, improvements in quality of life were quicker for heterosexual and bi+ versus gay/lesbian people, and bi+ people reported quicker improvements in OCD versus heterosexual people. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

This study examined the health status and mortality of a cohort of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) over a 15-year period in Girona, Spain. A prospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 855 PEH from 2006 to 2021, with sociodemographic and clinical data gathered from public health and social records. During the follow-up period, 6.4% of the sample died, with an average age of death of 53.4 years. Leading causes of death included cancer, suicide, heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, drug overdose, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, meningitis, and sepsis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, alcohol addiction, and being born in Spain were the factors most strongly correlated with the mortality of PEH. Study findings underscore the significant health issues and sociohealth care inequalities faced by this population and highlight particular disparities between native-born and migrant PEH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health concern that is known to result in a plethora of detrimental outcomes, among them trauma-related symptoms. According to the betrayal trauma theory, these outcomes may be rooted not only in the abusive partner's betrayal but also in institutional betrayal, namely institutions' failure to fulfill their obligations to provide safety, resources, and protection to IPV victims/survivors. Yet, thus far, research on institutional betrayal has been focused on survivors of abuse that occurred within an institutional context. This study aimed to explore the implications of institutional betrayal for trauma-related symptoms among survivors of IPV, while broadening the scope of institutional betrayal and exploring institutional betrayal in relation to varied contexts. An online survey was conducted among Israeli female adults using self-report measures. The sample consisted of 117 IPV survivors, M_age = 39.35 (SD = 7.9), who reported involvement of various institutions around their IPV. Regression models indicated that institutional betrayal had a unique effect in explaining all four clusters of trauma-related symptoms. The risk for clinically significant trauma-related symptoms increased by 3% (OR = 1.03) for each increase in institutional betrayal, after controlling for income, having children with the abusive partner, degree of IPV exposure, and being abused by multiple partners. The present results suggest that institutional betrayal can be a retraumatizing experience, amplifying trauma-related distress in IPV survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

When transgender men choose to undergo pregnancy, they confront entrenched societal conceptions of reproduction and gender roles. In the present study, we sought to unveil transgender men's experienced gender identity during the preconception period of fertility treatments and then during the pregnancy itself and childbirth. In-depth interviews were conducted with six transgender men who experienced fertility treatments, pregnancy, and childbirth, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore their gender identity experiences. Analysis of the narratives revealed three primary themes: crossing the border, integration challenges, and hybrid existence-a legal alien. This research highlights the dynamic interplay between personal experiences and societal constructs, offering nuanced insights into the journey of transgender men to parenthood. The interplay between the personal and social aspects of this unique experience is highlighted, and practical implications are considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Aspiring antiracist White parents report feeling stuck and uncertain about how to socialize their young White children into antiracism. Most of the scholarship focused on this population, their ideas, and practices overlooks the intersection of their class positionalities with their attitudes and behaviors regarding antiracist parenting. The present study offers insights into the dynamics of class-related beliefs and antiracist socialization among middle- to upper-middle-class White parents. Using methods informed by critical thematic analysis, we interrogated the in-depth interviews of 19 White parents of young White children who self-identified as antiracist. All parents in the sample identified as middle class, and all but one parent identified as women. We find that, despite the sincere intentions of this group, these parents, through rhetorical and behavioral processes, ultimately evade acknowledging for themselves and with their children the material ways in which their families benefit from and maintain an unjust status quo. We describe three interrelated themes that characterize the prevailing patterns of ideas and behaviors among our parent participants on this subject: class confusion, class attribution error, and complexity avoidance. We argue that these patterns reflect the embeddedness of these parents within the dominant racial and class regimes of contemporary U.S. society: White supremacy and neoliberalism. Our discussion highlights the inconsistencies and contradictions in our participants' beliefs and practices and highlights ideological blinders that antiracist interventions can address to help parents counteract the influence of these systems and more fully realize their antiracist parenting goals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

For Asian emerging adults, critical consciousness (CC) is a way to better understand and cope with the continued rise in anti-Asian racism. Evidence suggests that for emerging adults, in-person racism may prompt analysis of societal inequities (i.e., critical reflection), motivation to redress them (i.e., critical motivation), and actual actions (i.e., critical action), but the potential online racism-CC link has not been explored among Asian populations. Using a sample of 378 Asian university students (M_age = 20.36, SD = 1.35), this study explored how online racism, in-person racism, and time spent online interacted to differentially predict CC dimensions. Online racism was associated with all three CC dimensions, but a two-way interaction between in-person racism and time spent online predicted greater critical reflection. In addition, a two-way interaction between online and in-person racism predicted greater critical action. Findings can be used to inform intervention work aiming to support emerging adults navigating experiences of racism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Adolescence is a critical period of personal and social development, particularly for Arab-Palestinian adolescents in Israel, whose lives are shaped by persistent political conflict and marginalization, this period becomes particularly challenging. The war that began on October 7, 2023 intensified these challenges, exposing adolescents to increased violence, fear, and social instability. This qualitative study investigated the impact of the October 7 war on Arab-Palestinian adolescents in Israel based on six focus groups involving 34 participants aged 12-18. The findings reveal two central themes: first, the experience of living under ongoing war conditions, which sharpened the adolescents' awareness of their fragile and contested citizenship status; and second, the emotional, social, and educational consequences of being part of a marginalized national minority during a time of crisis. Participants reported heightened fear and insecurity, reduced academic performance, tensions within the Arab community, and increased hostility from the Jewish majority. These experiences are analyzed through the lens of persistent traumatic stress theory, offering insight into the compounded impact of political violence on minority adolescents. By foregrounding the voices of Arab-Palestinian youth, this study contributed to trauma literature in conflict zones by highlighting the lived experiences of a marginalized minority within the conflict state itself. It extends the theory of persistent trauma to this unique context and offers practical recommendations for culturally and politically sensitive interventions that address the compounded effects of exclusion, identity threat, and political violence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).