Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1037/ort0000747
Charles P Hoy-Ellis, Hyun-Jun Kim, Austin G Oswald, Christi Nelson, Karen I Fredriksen-Goldsen
Despite a proportionally higher likelihood of serving, the role of prior military service in the mental health of transgender individuals is understudied. Research on the impact of military service on mental health tends to be proximal. We examined the distal relationship between prior military service, identity stigma, and mental health among transgender older adults, drawing comparisons between transgender men and women. We conducted a series of weighted multivariate linear models to predict the relationships between prior military service, identity stigma, perceived stress, and depression among 183 transgender women and men aged 51-87 (M = 60.11, SD = 0.668) using 2014 data from the National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study. Prior military service was negatively associated with depression and perceived stress; identity stigma was positively associated with both. Prior military service and lower depression and perceived stress were significant for transgender men, but not women. Identity stigma was significant with depression and perceived stress among transgender women, but not transgender men. Our preliminary findings suggest that prior military service may serve as a protective factor for mental health among transgender men, but not transgender women. We need to better understand how military experience interacts with other characteristics, such as differing gender identities influences the mental health of transgender service members. Further research is needed to inform underlying mechanisms whereby military service differentially impacts mental health by gender identity so all active-duty personnel can share in the many benefits that accrue from military service, including protective effects on mental health in later life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Transgender older adults' prior military service: Mental health differences by gender identification.","authors":"Charles P Hoy-Ellis, Hyun-Jun Kim, Austin G Oswald, Christi Nelson, Karen I Fredriksen-Goldsen","doi":"10.1037/ort0000747","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite a proportionally higher likelihood of serving, the role of prior military service in the mental health of transgender individuals is understudied. Research on the impact of military service on mental health tends to be proximal. We examined the distal relationship between prior military service, identity stigma, and mental health among transgender older adults, drawing comparisons between transgender men and women. We conducted a series of weighted multivariate linear models to predict the relationships between prior military service, identity stigma, perceived stress, and depression among 183 transgender women and men aged 51-87 (<i>M</i> = 60.11, <i>SD</i> = 0.668) using 2014 data from the National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study. Prior military service was negatively associated with depression and perceived stress; identity stigma was positively associated with both. Prior military service and lower depression and perceived stress were significant for transgender men, but not women. Identity stigma was significant with depression and perceived stress among transgender women, but not transgender men. Our preliminary findings suggest that prior military service may serve as a protective factor for mental health among transgender men, but not transgender women. We need to better understand how military experience interacts with other characteristics, such as differing gender identities influences the mental health of transgender service members. Further research is needed to inform underlying mechanisms whereby military service differentially impacts mental health by gender identity so all active-duty personnel can share in the many benefits that accrue from military service, including protective effects on mental health in later life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"591-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1037/ort0000718
Ryeora Choe, David T Lardier, Julia Meredith Hess, Meredith A Blackwell, Suha Amer, Martin Ndayisenga, Sara Deewa, Brian Isakson, Jessica R Goodkind
Culturally and contextually valid measurement of psychological distress is critical, given the increasing numbers of forcibly displaced people and transnational migration. This study replicates an inductive process that elicited culturally specific expressions, understandings, and idioms of distress among Afghans to develop culturally specific measures of distress for Great Lakes Africans and Iraqis and expands this methodology to include a focus on the contexts of refugees resettled in the United States. To create the measures, we adapted Miller et al.'s (2006) model for the Afghan Symptom Checklist (ASCL) and conducted 18 semistructured qualitative interviews that attended to refugees' multiple settings; the impact of potentially traumatic events initially and postresettlement; and the experiences and impact of resettlement stressors. We tested the newly developed measures and existing ASCL with 280 recently resettled refugees (< 3 years) from Afghanistan, the Great Lakes region of Africa, and Iraq to assess factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. We successfully replicated and adapted a process for creating culturally specific measures of distress to create reliable and valid scales that consider culturally and contextually specific distress among several groups of forcibly displaced people. Our results highlight the salience of individuals' social contexts and how they are manifested as idioms of distress, bringing together two key areas of research: the social construction of mental health and social determinants of mental health. These findings have implications for improving measurement of psychological distress and for developing multilevel interventions that are culturally resonant and address factors beyond the individual level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
鉴于被迫流离失所者和跨国移民的人数不断增加,对心理困扰进行文化和背景有效的测量至关重要。本研究采用归纳法,从阿富汗人的文化背景中汲取有关心理困扰的特定表达方式、理解和习惯用语,从而为大湖区非洲人和伊拉克人制定出具有文化背景特定性的心理困扰测量方法。为了制定这些测量方法,我们改编了米勒等人(2006 年)的阿富汗症状检查表(ASCL)模型,并进行了 18 次半结构式定性访谈,这些访谈涉及难民的多重背景、最初和重新安置后潜在创伤事件的影响,以及重新安置压力因素的经历和影响。我们对来自阿富汗、非洲大湖区和伊拉克的280名新近重新安置的难民(小于3年)进行了测试,以评估新开发的测量方法和现有的ASCL的因素结构、可靠性和构建有效性。我们成功地复制并改编了针对特定文化背景的痛苦测量方法,创建了可靠有效的量表,考虑到了被迫流离失所者中多个群体的特定文化和背景下的痛苦。我们的研究结果凸显了个人社会背景的重要性,以及这些社会背景如何表现为困扰的习语,从而将心理健康的社会建构和心理健康的社会决定因素这两个关键研究领域结合起来。这些发现对改进心理困扰的测量方法,以及制定具有文化共鸣并能解决个人层面以外因素的多层次干预措施具有重要意义。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Measuring culturally and contextually specific distress among Afghan, Iraqi, and Great Lakes African refugees.","authors":"Ryeora Choe, David T Lardier, Julia Meredith Hess, Meredith A Blackwell, Suha Amer, Martin Ndayisenga, Sara Deewa, Brian Isakson, Jessica R Goodkind","doi":"10.1037/ort0000718","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culturally and contextually valid measurement of psychological distress is critical, given the increasing numbers of forcibly displaced people and transnational migration. This study replicates an inductive process that elicited culturally specific expressions, understandings, and idioms of distress among Afghans to develop culturally specific measures of distress for Great Lakes Africans and Iraqis and expands this methodology to include a focus on the contexts of refugees resettled in the United States. To create the measures, we adapted Miller et al.'s (2006) model for the <i>Afghan Symptom Checklist</i> (ASCL) and conducted 18 semistructured qualitative interviews that attended to refugees' multiple settings; the impact of potentially traumatic events initially and postresettlement; and the experiences and impact of resettlement stressors. We tested the newly developed measures and existing ASCL with 280 recently resettled refugees (< 3 years) from Afghanistan, the Great Lakes region of Africa, and Iraq to assess factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. We successfully replicated and adapted a process for creating culturally specific measures of distress to create reliable and valid scales that consider culturally and contextually specific distress among several groups of forcibly displaced people. Our results highlight the salience of individuals' social contexts and how they are manifested as idioms of distress, bringing together two key areas of research: the social construction of mental health and social determinants of mental health. These findings have implications for improving measurement of psychological distress and for developing multilevel interventions that are culturally resonant and address factors beyond the individual level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"246-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1037/ort0000740
Vanessa V Volpe, Courtney S Thomas Tobin, Donte L Bernard, Perusi B Muhigaba, Julia M Ross
Awareness of racial health care inequities is one prerequisite to eliminating them. Although extant research has described awareness of racial health care inequities in the United States, the health impacts of such awareness on communities that are most impacted by these inequities remains unknown. Therefore, we examined associations between awareness of Black-White racial health care inequities and self-rated health for Black and White adults in the United States. We used survey data from non-Hispanic Black and White participants (N = 6,449) who responded to the national American Health Values Survey (2015-2016) to test associations between awareness of Black-White inequities in health care and self-rated health. Accurate awareness of health care inequities was associated with 47% higher odds of poorer self-rated health for Black individuals. Inaccurate awareness was associated with 36% higher odds of poorer self-rated health for White individuals. Accurate awareness may be adaptive, yet place an additional burden on Black individuals. Inaccurate awareness may harm White individuals' health. Health care system changes and alleviation of racism-related stress may be preventive supports for the health of Black individuals. Accurate awareness should be a goal for White individuals, not only to prevent health risks, but to also facilitate structural change for racial equity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Necessary, burdensome, or threatening? Awareness of Black-White disparities in health care access and self-rated health for Black and White Americans.","authors":"Vanessa V Volpe, Courtney S Thomas Tobin, Donte L Bernard, Perusi B Muhigaba, Julia M Ross","doi":"10.1037/ort0000740","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Awareness of racial health care inequities is one prerequisite to eliminating them. Although extant research has described awareness of racial health care inequities in the United States, the health impacts of such awareness on communities that are most impacted by these inequities remains unknown. Therefore, we examined associations between awareness of Black-White racial health care inequities and self-rated health for Black and White adults in the United States. We used survey data from non-Hispanic Black and White participants (<i>N</i> = 6,449) who responded to the national American Health Values Survey (2015-2016) to test associations between awareness of Black-White inequities in health care and self-rated health. Accurate awareness of health care inequities was associated with 47% higher odds of poorer self-rated health for Black individuals. Inaccurate awareness was associated with 36% higher odds of poorer self-rated health for White individuals. Accurate awareness may be adaptive, yet place an additional burden on Black individuals. Inaccurate awareness may harm White individuals' health. Health care system changes and alleviation of racism-related stress may be preventive supports for the health of Black individuals. Accurate awareness should be a goal for White individuals, not only to prevent health risks, but to also facilitate structural change for racial equity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"550-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11436479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1037/ort0000704
Maria Jesús San Pío, Isabela Sibuet, Gemma Marcet, Emilio Rojo, Francisco José Eiroa-Orosa
This study assessed the effectiveness of a psychosocial multicomponent program designed to empower individuals experiencing severe mental distress and their relatives throughout the recovery process. The program consisted of four consecutive interventions, including orientation, psychoeducation, empowerment, and mutual help. A randomized controlled implementation trial was conducted to investigate the program's impact on the recovery of individuals experiencing mental distress, as well as on the caregiving burden and perceived social support experienced by their relatives. Two hundred twenty-two persons in recovery and one of their relatives from 12 different territories within Catalonia, Spain took part in the study. The intervention group exhibited higher recovery scores compared to the control group at 6 months, although this difference was not sustained at the 12-month follow-up. No statistically significant differences were found for burden and social support scores between experimental groups. However, time effects were found for recovery and burden scores regardless of experimental group membership. Dose-effect analyses showed that participation was related to recovery and burden scores, with no time interactions observed. Upon examining the interaction with sociodemographic variables, we discovered statistically significant group-by-time interactions, suggesting a more positive progression of recovery scores among the experimental group when either the person in recovery was younger, their relative was female, or lived outside of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. These results allow us to conclude that the program has a positive effect on the recovery journey. However, the lack of effectiveness regarding burden and social support in relatives highlights the necessity of reconsidering implementation and evaluation strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"A randomized controlled implementation trial of a multicomponent integrated care program to empower mental health service users and their relatives throughout the recovery process.","authors":"Maria Jesús San Pío, Isabela Sibuet, Gemma Marcet, Emilio Rojo, Francisco José Eiroa-Orosa","doi":"10.1037/ort0000704","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the effectiveness of a psychosocial multicomponent program designed to empower individuals experiencing severe mental distress and their relatives throughout the recovery process. The program consisted of four consecutive interventions, including orientation, psychoeducation, empowerment, and mutual help. A randomized controlled implementation trial was conducted to investigate the program's impact on the recovery of individuals experiencing mental distress, as well as on the caregiving burden and perceived social support experienced by their relatives. Two hundred twenty-two persons in recovery and one of their relatives from 12 different territories within Catalonia, Spain took part in the study. The intervention group exhibited higher recovery scores compared to the control group at 6 months, although this difference was not sustained at the 12-month follow-up. No statistically significant differences were found for burden and social support scores between experimental groups. However, time effects were found for recovery and burden scores regardless of experimental group membership. Dose-effect analyses showed that participation was related to recovery and burden scores, with no time interactions observed. Upon examining the interaction with sociodemographic variables, we discovered statistically significant group-by-time interactions, suggesting a more positive progression of recovery scores among the experimental group when either the person in recovery was younger, their relative was female, or lived outside of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. These results allow us to conclude that the program has a positive effect on the recovery journey. However, the lack of effectiveness regarding burden and social support in relatives highlights the necessity of reconsidering implementation and evaluation strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2024 is the 100th Anniversary of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Endorsed by the League of Nations in 1924 following World War I, the Geneva Declaration is the first international legal instrument recognizing the inherent rights of children worldwide-indeed, it is the first human rights document ever recognized by an intergovernmental organization, thus giving rise to the international human rights era that transformed policy, law, and ethics in the 20th century. As we approach the 100th anniversary of the Geneva Declaration, we have the opportunity to reflect on the progress we have made in the first century of intentional work recognizing and advancing the human rights of children internationally. This commentary looks at the international children's rights legal framework that was developed by the global community from 1924 to the present. It then highlights advancements and shortcomings in key thematic areas, such as child health and well-being, poverty, child labor, and education. It closes by focusing on the path and priorities before us as we enter our second century of advancing international children's rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
2024 年是《日内瓦儿童权利宣言》发表 100 周年。日内瓦宣言》是第一次世界大战后国际联盟于 1924 年批准的,是第一份承认全世界儿童固有权利的国际法律文书--事实上,它也是第一份得到政府间组织承认的人权文件,从而开创了国际人权时代,改变了 20 世纪的政策、法律和伦理。在《日内瓦宣言》发表 100 周年即将到来之际,我们有机会反思我们在第一个世纪中为在国际上承认和促进儿童人权而开展的有意识的工作所取得的进展。本评论回顾了全球社会从 1924 年至今所制定的国际儿童权利法律框架。然后,它强调了在儿童健康和福祉、贫困、童工和教育等关键主题领域取得的进步和存在的不足。最后,报告重点阐述了我们在进入推进国际儿童权利的第二个世纪时所面临的道路和优先事项。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
{"title":"Reflecting on 100 years of children's rights.","authors":"Warren Binford","doi":"10.1037/ort0000774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000774","url":null,"abstract":"2024 is the 100th Anniversary of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Endorsed by the League of Nations in 1924 following World War I, the Geneva Declaration is the first international legal instrument recognizing the inherent rights of children worldwide-indeed, it is the first human rights document ever recognized by an intergovernmental organization, thus giving rise to the international human rights era that transformed policy, law, and ethics in the 20th century. As we approach the 100th anniversary of the Geneva Declaration, we have the opportunity to reflect on the progress we have made in the first century of intentional work recognizing and advancing the human rights of children internationally. This commentary looks at the international children's rights legal framework that was developed by the global community from 1924 to the present. It then highlights advancements and shortcomings in key thematic areas, such as child health and well-being, poverty, child labor, and education. It closes by focusing on the path and priorities before us as we enter our second century of advancing international children's rights. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":"21 1","pages":"459-467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1037/ort0000723
Mieko Yoshihama, Abha Rai, Yoon Joon Choi, Jun Sung Hong, Yueqi Yan
Intimate partner violence (IPV) and unfair treatment can negatively affect the health and well-being of many women, especially women of color. Few studies have investigated the mental health impact of both forms of victimization together. Unlike most research on Asian Indian women, which has used aggregated samples of women of various Asian Indian or South Asian descent, this study focused on a specific group of Asian Indians. Data were collected from a probability sample of Gujarati residents, aged 18-65 years, in a midwestern state of USA via computer-assisted telephone interviews. One third of married women reported having experienced IPV and two thirds received unfair treatment during the previous 6 months. Respondents overall reported a low level of depressive symptoms. Analyses using negative binomial regression models found that while both IPV and unfair treatment were positively associated with depressive symptoms, their interaction effect was not statistically significant. When IPV victimization and support from family were included in the model, the incidence rate ratio for unfair treatment became nonsignificant, but the significant effect of IPV remained. Findings suggest that practitioners not only in mental health and IPV programs but also in alternative settings frequented by Gujarati women should inquire about these types of interpersonal victimization and assist women in connecting with and cultivating supportive networks. More research on the mental health impact of IPV and other types of interpersonal victimization is needed for underresearched yet growing population groups to inform socioculturally responsive assistance programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Relationships among intimate partner violence, unfair treatment, depressive symptoms, and family support: A community-based study of Gujarati women in the Midwestern USA.","authors":"Mieko Yoshihama, Abha Rai, Yoon Joon Choi, Jun Sung Hong, Yueqi Yan","doi":"10.1037/ort0000723","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) and unfair treatment can negatively affect the health and well-being of many women, especially women of color. Few studies have investigated the mental health impact of both forms of victimization together. Unlike most research on Asian Indian women, which has used aggregated samples of women of various Asian Indian or South Asian descent, this study focused on a specific group of Asian Indians. Data were collected from a probability sample of Gujarati residents, aged 18-65 years, in a midwestern state of USA via computer-assisted telephone interviews. One third of married women reported having experienced IPV and two thirds received unfair treatment during the previous 6 months. Respondents overall reported a low level of depressive symptoms. Analyses using negative binomial regression models found that while both IPV and unfair treatment were positively associated with depressive symptoms, their interaction effect was not statistically significant. When IPV victimization and support from family were included in the model, the incidence rate ratio for unfair treatment became nonsignificant, but the significant effect of IPV remained. Findings suggest that practitioners not only in mental health and IPV programs but also in alternative settings frequented by Gujarati women should inquire about these types of interpersonal victimization and assist women in connecting with and cultivating supportive networks. More research on the mental health impact of IPV and other types of interpersonal victimization is needed for underresearched yet growing population groups to inform socioculturally responsive assistance programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"287-296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poverty, a social determinant of health, disproportionately affects families with children. Public and private safety nets, or support networks available in times of need, can help address poverty and its consequences. Independently, strong safety nets (public or private) promote health and well-being, yet little is known about how private and public safety nets combine and evolve over time. Using latent class and latent transition analyses, this study examined public and private safety net configurations of mothers with low-income, sociodemographic characteristics associated with these configurations, and safety net changes over time. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study from child ages 1, 5, and 9 (N = 2,251), results indicated that mothers were sorted into four safety net configurations (public support only, private support only, all high, and all low) and 30%-53% of each class of mothers transitioned from one safety net configuration to another at the next neighboring wave, underscoring the importance of examining both public and private supports simultaneously and longitudinally. Membership in configurations with low private support (e.g., public only, all low) and sociodemographic disadvantage (e.g., more poverty, recent experience of hardship) predicted transitions, commonly leaving mothers without advantage in the riskiest safety nets. To promote a more responsive, equitable safety net, lengthening public safety net program certification periods and increasing outreach efforts (e.g., through schools, churches) to potentially eligible mothers could strengthen and stabilize safety nets to lessen poverty and its consequences for economically marginalized families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Instrumental safety net configurations and changes over time among economically marginalized families.","authors":"Melissa Radey, Qiong Wu, Lenore McWey, Eugenia Millender","doi":"10.1037/ort0000728","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poverty, a social determinant of health, disproportionately affects families with children. Public and private safety nets, or support networks available in times of need, can help address poverty and its consequences. Independently, strong safety nets (public or private) promote health and well-being, yet little is known about how private and public safety nets combine and evolve over time. Using latent class and latent transition analyses, this study examined public and private safety net configurations of mothers with low-income, sociodemographic characteristics associated with these configurations, and safety net changes over time. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study from child ages 1, 5, and 9 (<i>N</i> = 2,251), results indicated that mothers were sorted into four safety net configurations (public support only, private support only, all high, and all low) and 30%-53% of each class of mothers transitioned from one safety net configuration to another at the next neighboring wave, underscoring the importance of examining both public and private supports simultaneously and longitudinally. Membership in configurations with low private support (e.g., public only, all low) and sociodemographic disadvantage (e.g., more poverty, recent experience of hardship) predicted transitions, commonly leaving mothers without advantage in the riskiest safety nets. To promote a more responsive, equitable safety net, lengthening public safety net program certification periods and increasing outreach efforts (e.g., through schools, churches) to potentially eligible mothers could strengthen and stabilize safety nets to lessen poverty and its consequences for economically marginalized families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"339-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1037/ort0000741
Oscar A Barbarin
The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry has contributed significantly to scholarly discourse on race and racism especially in its coverage of issues related to the development and well-being of Black boys (BB) and men. Although disparate rates of exclusionary discipline for BB have been widely recognized as a problem, efforts to reduce them have failed. Because exclusion has negative consequences and is ineffective in changing behavior, it should be used rarely or not at all. This article advocates strict limits or outright bans on exclusion up to Grade 6. For BB, the time between pre-K and middle school is a developmentally critical period in which, for a variety of reasons, misconduct is high compared to other groups of children. Instituting bans will require a fundamental change in how school discipline is conceived. Schools will need to reimagine BB and strengthen their social competencies and emotional resilience. This will require a shift in emphasis from punishment to empathy for BB who misbehave. Implementing policies to prohibit exclusion will be difficult in light of opposition from school staff who are reluctant to surrender this tool and disagreements over the role of schools and the responsibility of families for boy's misbehavior. Recommendations for alternative programs and expansion of mental health services have been made in guidance from the federal government and adopted into law by several states. To reduce disparities, schools must establish a culture of caring and support, enact well-reasoned and collaborative regimes of control, and provide BB with interpretive frameworks that convey a sense of purpose and meaning. Together these approaches can free BB from the constraints of harsh and unfair discipline and help them to become the best versions of themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
美国精神病学杂志》(American Journal of Orthopsychiatry)对有关种族和种族主义的学术讨论做出了重大贡献,特别是在报道与黑人男孩(BB)和男人的发展和福祉有关的问题方面。尽管人们普遍认为对黑人男孩的排斥性管教比例悬殊是一个问题,但减少这种现象的努力却以失败告终。由于排斥性管教会产生负面影响,而且在改变行为方面效果不佳,因此应尽量少用或不用。本文主张严格限制或完全禁止对六年级以下的学生实施排斥。对于 BB 来说,从学前班到初中这段时间是其发展的关键时期,由于各种原因,与其他儿童群体相比,这段时间的不当行为较多。实施禁令需要从根本上改变对学校纪律的认识。学校需要重新认识 BB,加强他们的社交能力和情绪恢复能力。这就需要将重点从惩罚转向对行为不端的 BB 的同情。由于学校教职员工不愿意放弃这一工具,并对学校的作用和家庭对男孩不良行为的责任存在分歧,因此实施禁止排斥的政策将十分困难。联邦政府在指导意见中提出了替代方案和扩大心理健康服务的建议,并被一些州采纳为法律。为了缩小差距,学校必须建立一种关爱和支持的文化,制定有理有据、相互协作的管控制度,并为BB提供能传达目的和意义的解释框架。这些方法结合在一起,可以使 BB 摆脱严厉和不公平管教的束缚,帮助他们成为最好的自己。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
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Jill D McLeigh, Gita Jaffe, Deborah Klein Walker, Donald Wertlieb, Will Spaulding, William Beardslee
Since its founding, American Orthopsychiatric Association (AOA) has been at the forefront of working at the intersection of mental health and social justice. In Mental Health and Social Change: 50 Years of Orthopsychiatry (Shore & Mannino, 1975), former organization president and journal editor Milton Shore and Fortune Mannino wrote that the association had consistently held a philosophy that included (a) a commitment to an interdisciplinary approach in the study of mental health problems and the development of mental health programs; (b) an emphasis on prevention as well as treatment; (c) the integration of the clinical and the social; (d) a major focus on the social scene and its interweaving with mental health problems in individuals within society; and (e) an avoidance of dilettantism, superficiality, and well-meaning generalizations through a commitment to high-quality research, thoughtful analysis of mental health issues, and high professional standards of practice in all areas of mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
自成立以来,美国矫形外科协会(AOA)一直站在精神健康与社会正义交叉领域的前沿。在《心理健康与社会变革》(Mental Health and Social Change:50 Years of Orthopsychiatry》(Shore & Mannino,1975 年)一书中,该组织前主席兼期刊编辑 Milton Shore 和 Fortune Mannino 写道,该协会一贯坚持的理念包括:(a) 致力于采用跨学科方法研究心理健康问题和制定心理健康计划;(b) 强调预防和治疗;(c) 临床与社会相结合;(d) 主要关注社会环境及其与社会中个人心理健康问题的交织;(e) 致力于高质量的研究,对心理健康问题进行深思熟虑的分析,以及在心理健康的各个领域实行高标准的专业实践,从而避免二流主义、肤浅和善意的概括。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA,保留所有权利)。
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Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1037/ort0000721
Justin K Scott, Maria Gianelle, Vivian Flanagan, Brenda Jones Harden, Colleen Morrison
The goal of this study was to examine whether barriers to accessing health care and negative pregnancy experiences would predict depressive symptomatology and attachment to their neonates among Black mothers from low-income backgrounds across the perinatal period. We were also interested in examining whether these mothers' engagement in prenatal health practices would buffer against their pregnancy experiences to promote positive postnatal maternal functioning. Participants were 118 Black pregnant women from low-income backgrounds, recruited from WIC and Early Head Start programs. A prenatal assessment between 28 and 40 weeks gestation measured pregnancy experiences and prenatal health practices, and a postnatal assessment about 4 weeks postpartum measured maternal functioning in the form of depressive symptoms and attachment to their neonates. Linear regressions with prenatal health practices included as a moderator suggested that while engaging in positive health practices during pregnancy could potentially buffer against negative pregnancy experiences and prenatal depressive symptoms, it is unlikely to buffer against barriers to accessing health care. These results imply the need to provide support for accessing health care among pregnant women to address disparities in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Barriers to health care and pregnancy experiences in relation to Black, low-income mothers' perinatal attachment and depression.","authors":"Justin K Scott, Maria Gianelle, Vivian Flanagan, Brenda Jones Harden, Colleen Morrison","doi":"10.1037/ort0000721","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ort0000721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this study was to examine whether barriers to accessing health care and negative pregnancy experiences would predict depressive symptomatology and attachment to their neonates among Black mothers from low-income backgrounds across the perinatal period. We were also interested in examining whether these mothers' engagement in prenatal health practices would buffer against their pregnancy experiences to promote positive postnatal maternal functioning. Participants were 118 Black pregnant women from low-income backgrounds, recruited from WIC and Early Head Start programs. A prenatal assessment between 28 and 40 weeks gestation measured pregnancy experiences and prenatal health practices, and a postnatal assessment about 4 weeks postpartum measured maternal functioning in the form of depressive symptoms and attachment to their neonates. Linear regressions with prenatal health practices included as a moderator suggested that while engaging in positive health practices during pregnancy could potentially buffer against negative pregnancy experiences and prenatal depressive symptoms, it is unlikely to buffer against barriers to accessing health care. These results imply the need to provide support for accessing health care among pregnant women to address disparities in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":55531,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"274-286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}