American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

We present a historical background and narrative review of meta-analyses on sex offender sexual recidivism and treatment, as anchor points for forensic mental health testimony in civil commitment hearings. Themes flowing from the meta-analyses included sexual recidivism for adults and juveniles, jurisdictional differences, treatment versus no treatment, empirically supported risk factors, operational definition of recidivism, offense type, motivation, research design, length of follow-up, diversity considerations, and treatment model, modality, specialization, and setting. We show where meta-analytic results appear to converge and diverge. We also present important null findings, findings from individual studies, and limitations. Our review suggests an examiner's opinion in favor of commitment may be more persuasive when anchored in the individual's history of repeat sexual offending, sexual deviancy, antisociality, and dropout from treatment. Procommitment opinions may be further supported via mention of longer follow-ups generally predicting more sexual recidivism, potentially higher numbers of unreported sex crimes, and the limitations of treatment and rehabilitation studies. An examiner's opinion in disfavor to commitment can be anchored in generally low rates of sexual reoffending, most meta-analyses supporting substantial treatment benefit even for high-risk individuals, studies suggesting rehabilitation failures may have much to do with poor quality treatment, inadequate research on cultural minority individuals, and perhaps null findings on voluntary versus involuntary treatment and the operational definition of sexual recidivism. Limitations of our recommended approach include that meta-analyses have a high proportion of redundant and older samples, often use nonequivalent statistical procedures, and may overlook important findings from individual studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study aims to examine the impact of perceived workplace discrimination (PWD) on the recovery of people with mental illness (PMI). Grounded in social cognitive theory, it was hypothesized that PWD is associated with poorer clinical, functional, and personal recovery through the underlying mechanisms of self-stigma, organizational justice, and psychological capital (PsyCap). A total of 265 employed PMI in Hong Kong, diagnosed with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or other psychotic disorders, completed a structured questionnaire assessing PWD, self-stigma, organizational justice, PsyCap, symptom remission, functional restoration, and personal recovery. Serial mediation analysis revealed that PWD had an indirect association with all three recovery outcomes through the mediating factors of self-stigma, organizational justice, and PsyCap. Specifically, PWD was found to be linked to worsened recovery by exacerbating PMI's endorsement of negative stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes, reducing their perceptions of organizational justice, and subsequently depleting their psychological resources. This study provides initial evidence that discrimination against PMI in the workplace significantly hinders their recovery. The findings underscore the crucial role of organizational justice in fostering PsyCap, which in turn facilitates the recovery of PMI. Employers and managers are encouraged to prioritize addressing workplace discrimination and maintaining a fair and just work environment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The Bedouin population living in unrecognized villages (UVs) in the Naqab/Negev region constitutes an ethnic and cultural minority that represents the most disadvantaged sector of Israeli society across economic, social, and educational spheres. This article is based on two research projects conducted in the UVs, involving 46 Bedouin mothers and 38 children aged 4-5 years, focusing on their perspectives regarding risk and protection. The research aims to amplify the voices of individuals who are often unheard, shedding light on the lived realities of families amid ongoing political conflict. Using a qualitative, context-informed approach, the study highlights significant challenges faced by these families due to their marginalized status and reveals both differences and similarities in risk perceptions between mothers and children. Mothers provide insights into family dynamics, cultural expectations, and sociopolitical obstacles-such as the lack of essential services-that shape their views on risk and protection. In contrast, children share unique reflections based on immediate experiences-such as fears of the dark and the absence of safe areas-often lacking the broader contextual awareness present in adults. Both groups identified family and community support as important protective factors. However, mothers also highlighted spirituality, education, and technology, while children pointed to nature, pets, and their homes as meaningful coping mechanisms. Study results can be used to advocate for targeted policies and practical recommendations to address the unique needs of Bedouin families in UVs, emphasizing the importance of culturally sensitive interventions that consider historical, sociopolitical, and ecological contexts, ultimately informing more effective support strategies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Approximately, 15% of women in the United States experience postpartum depression, but Black and Latina women continue to suffer at disproportionately higher rates. While literature has shown that the experience of life stressors is a strong predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms, less research has examined personal and contextual resources that can protect minoritized groups from poor mental health outcomes during the perinatal period. The current article investigated whether four types of protective factors (family support, doctor support, nurse support, and perceived control) moderated the hypothesized relationship between life events and postpartum depressive symptoms. Participants included 122 working-class Black and Latina women who were recruited during their third trimester of pregnancy from local community spaces in the Southern New England region of the United States. Results from path analyses revealed that family support and nurse support moderated the positive association between life events and postpartum depressive symptoms at 1-year postpartum, with more life events predicting higher levels of depressive symptoms under conditions of low support. Further, family support and perceived control were associated with fewer depressive symptoms at 1-year postpartum. This study underscores the importance of interpersonal factors, specifically support from family and nurses, in shaping mental health outcomes for Black and Latina mothers amid life stressors. Findings hold important implications for clinicians and health care practitioners that can inform perinatal interventions leveraging these resources for these minoritized groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

For youth involved in foster care, maltreatment poses enormous challenges to healthy development. The involvement of kin and fictive kin in children's lives has been shown to be a protective factor following maltreatment and may therefore aid in youth's strength development. The present study investigated the association between kin and fictive kin involvement and longitudinal strengths development among youth in foster care (N = 300). We then examined whether any deleterious relationship between maltreatment and strengths development is buffered by kin and fictive kin involvement. Using the child and adolescent needs and strengths measure, youth strengths were categorized into four domains: community involvement (i.e., spiritual/religious, talents/interests, community life), psychosocial (i.e., optimism, coping/savoring, interpersonal), relationships (i.e., family, relationship permanence), and educational setting. Using multilevel modeling to estimate and predict strengths trajectories, results showed that kin and fictive kin involvement was associated gains in relationship and community involvement strengths. After adjusting for possible false discoveries, maltreatment was not associated with strengths trajectories, nor was the interaction between maltreatment and kin and fictive kin involvement. These results indicate that kin and fictive kin involvement may not just play a role in preventing negative outcomes but may also play a vital role in supporting youth thriving. These results further support efforts to find, engage, and support kin and fictive kin, so that their importance in children's development is realized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Poor psychological health has been consistently documented for sexually minoritized women. However, little is known about the association between poor psychological health and physical health. This study examined associations between psychological distress and cardiometabolic health, including cardiovascular disease risk conditions (hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes) and diagnoses (stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and angina), by sexual identity among women. Data are from the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey and included 102,279 women, who were straight (n = 97,909), lesbian/gay (n = 1,424), bisexual (n = 1,235), something else (n = 360), did not know (n = 712), and refused to disclose (n = 639). Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were fit to estimate associations between psychological distress (measured with Kessler-6) and cardiometabolic health (self-reported diagnosis) and to examine sexual-identity differences in these associations. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, severe psychological distress was associated with significantly higher odds of having a cardiometabolic health condition (OR = 2.66). These associations generally did not statistically significantly differ based on sexual identity. However, potential substantive differences in the magnitude of the association existed among lesbian/gay (OR = 4.00) compared to straight women (OR = 2.73). Moreover, women who identified as gay/lesbian, bisexual, "something else," or "I don't know" all reported significantly higher prevalence of severe psychological distress than straight women. Given the overall positive association between psychological distress and cardiometabolic health as well as the higher prevalence of severe psychological distress among sexual minority women, more work is needed to longitudinally examine the effects of psychological distress on health among sexually minoritized women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Although Black women face disproportionately high rates of gun violence and incarceration loss, there is a scarcity of culturally relevant interventions for this population. The aims of this study were to (a) examine the need for a culturally responsive, trauma-informed, and evidence-based grief intervention and to (b) identify key program components and considerations. Using a community-based participatory research framework, co-collaborators interviewed and surveyed 13 Black women who experienced gun violence and/or incarceration loss. Thematic analysis of interview data confirmed a need for this type of intervention due to the traumatic impact of losing a loved one, the inadequacy of available resources, and the personal and communal importance of addressing their grief. Critical intervention components included relationships and social support, help in "moving beyond" the experience, opportunities for emotional expression and validation, acknowledgment of spirituality and self-care, personal freedom in the grieving process, and addressing "underlying issues." The participants also completed a survey with 24 proposed intervention activities. The 22 they identified as "very important" largely corresponded with interview codes. Barriers to treatment included judgment and invalidation, lack of trust, disinterest, feeling stuck, mental health stigma, and lack of knowledge. Opinions about combining women with different types of loss in the same group and the importance of the group developers' lived experience were mixed. Overall, our findings support the need for culturally relevant, trauma-informed interventions in this population and provide a foundation for developing such an intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The goal of the present study was to examine the role expectations of mentors for care leavers and the factors associated with these expectations-namely, hope, coping strategies, and anticipated closeness with the mentee. The sample included 133 mentors at the beginning of the mentoring relationship. The findings showed that mentors who exhibited higher levels of hope and utilized problem-focused coping strategies were significantly more likely to have task-oriented role expectations. Additionally, the mediation analysis revealed that problem-focused coping served as a mediator, explaining the link between mentors' levels of hope and their task-oriented role expectations. We address the study's findings as they pertain to Snyder's (2002) hope theory and Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) transactional model of stress and coping. Implications for practice include emphasizing the importance of having mentors discuss their initial expectations of the mentoring relationship. In addition, mentoring programs should foster hope among mentors and assess their coping strategies at the outset of the mentor-mentee relationship in order to identify well-suited pairings of mentors-mentees. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Eliminating mental health disparities requires simultaneously addressing numerous determinants of health, including social inequities. Although emphasis on multilevel change is growing, interventions typically involve separate efforts or people focusing on each level. We propose a trans-level conceptual model for mental health intervention that simultaneously facilitates change across multiple intersecting levels with four guiding principles: (1) emphasis on structural change; (2) involvement of people experiencing health and social inequities in achieving structural change by addressing the necessary preconditions of access to resources for basic needs, community membership and belonging, and knowledge or information to participate in social change efforts; (3) valuing and building on the expertise and strengths of individuals, families, and communities experiencing health inequities; and (4) dismantling unequal power dynamics of helping relationships through a focus on mutual learning and support and cocreation of change. Tracing the trajectory of a 23-year community-based mental health intervention partnership (the Refugee and Immigrant Well-Being Project), we illustrate the trans-level intervention model and describe its impact on individual mental health and sustainable change at multiple levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study combined a person-oriented approach with a psychosocial framework of help-seeking to examine factors associated with the intent to disclose dating violence among developing adolescents. Data came from adolescents in middle and high school in a rural area in the southeastern United States, who were surveyed annually for 4 years (N_{wave 1} = 580; M_age = 13 years, SD = 1.48; 52.7% female; 49% Black, 39% White, 11% Hispanic, or other minorities). Results confirm expectations that intraindividual (adolescent views on violence and safety); interindividual (peer and family dynamics); positional (gender, having a supportive adult); and ideological factors are all significant predictors of patterns in help-seeking attitudes. However, predictive relevance of some factors varied across help-seeking groups and data collection periods, supporting the differential effects hypothesis. For example, while greater friend social support increased the odds of belonging to "friend confidants," it simultaneously decreased the odds of being a member of "parent confidants" and "moderate help-seekers" groups. Additionally, the influence of family functioning tended to decrease over time, eventually losing its explanatory value at Wave 4. The article concludes by discussing how integration of a person-centered methodological approach with a robust theoretical foundation advances our understanding of variability in adolescents' responses to dating violence. Consideration of diversity in adolescent intentions to react to interpersonal violence is discussed further in the context of policy and practice to enhance protective options and prevent or minimize harm. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).