American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

This study examined the mediating role of affiliation with delinquent peers (ADP) and the moderating role of closeness to parents in the relationship between impulsivity and perpetration of indirect aggression. Arab female adolescents in Israel (aged 12-21; N = 404) completed a self-report questionnaire. The mediation-moderation model was examined after controlling for intersectional factors related to the females' unique social locations in Arab society. The study found that 66.1% of the girls had perpetrated at least one indirect act of aggression at least once during the past month. Moreover, most reported agreement with at least one item that examined their closeness to their father and mother (75.7% and 77%, respectively). The results also showed that the direct effect of impulsivity on perpetration of indirect aggression against others became significant after including the mediation factor (ADP). Finally, for high closeness to parents, the association between impulsivity and ADP was positive and significant, whereas it was insignificant for medium and low closeness. The findings highlight the importance of operationalized as parent-closeness to parents, child communication skills, boundary setting, and monitoring, which may decrease the tendency of adolescents to perpetrate aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article introduces the multidimensional properties of social connectedness among sexual and gender minority (SGM) midlife and older adults and examines the relationship between these properties and general health. Data were analyzed from Aging With Pride: National, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study, including 2,450 SGM adults aged 50 and older in the United States. The structure, function, and quality of interpersonal relations as well as community-level activities and engagement were measured through a self-administered survey and an in-person interview. Findings indicated that SGM midlife and older adults, on average, had a large social network with high bridging potential and low density, consisting of more nonrelative family members than immediate family members. They also showed frequent availability of social support, moderate or higher satisfaction with interpersonal relations, and moderate SGM community engagement. Properties of social connectedness differed by gender, sexual identity, and gender identity, with SGM men, sexually diverse women, and transgender people showing distinct challenges in interpersonal relations. All aspects of social connectedness were positively associated with good general health, particularly network diversity, outdoor leisure activity engagement, and access to health-related decision support, controlling for age and chronic conditions. Care receiving and loneliness were negatively associated with good general health. Intervention development can target these factors to promote social and community connectivity and reduce the negative health effects of persistent social stressors. This study underscores the necessity of addressing all facets (i.e., structure, function, and quality) of interpersonal relations encompassing both immediate and chosen family as well as community-level social connectedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Racism has been declared a public health threat. With increased direct and vicarious exposure to racism-based violence through social media, we explored the associations between racism-based events and traumatic stress symptomatology, as well as self- and collective care (inclusive of coping, activism, and ethnic and racial identity) through a mixed-methods approach. A total of 104 racism-based events were reported across 43 Black and/or Latine/x emerging adults in the sample, with a majority endorsing racism-based stress or traumatic stress (i.e., the symptomatology associated with a racism-based event). Individuals who reported higher racism-based traumatic stress symptoms immediately following a racism-based event also reported higher ethnic identity resolution scores. Further, 19%-42% of participants reported racism-based traumatic stress and racism-based stress more recently (respectively), showing that racism-based events may be traumatic stressors with long-term mental health consequences. Participants provided thick descriptions of how they defined and engaged in self- and collective care as wellness and activism and reported engaging in cultural, ancestral, spiritual, and religious practices in an attempt to heal. The findings of this study underscore the importance of radical hope and radical healing for Black and Latine/x communities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotional abuse up to age 18 is associated with depressive symptoms in adulthood, yet few studies have examined these links in Black females. Despite research documenting the moderating role of sleep duration on early adversity and mental health, no studies have examined whether sleep duration during adolescence moderates the relations between emotional abuse up to age 18 and depressive symptoms in adulthood. We examined these relations in 690 Black females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health)-Public Use. Individuals reported the frequency of emotional abuse up to age 18, hours of sleep during adolescence, and depressive symptoms using the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Only 55% of adolescents reported sleeping the recommended 8-10 hr per night. Frequent emotional abuse before age 18 years was associated with more adult depressive symptoms for those with shorter, but not longer, sleep duration. Greater attention should be placed on facilitating and promoting sleep health for Black females. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Racial-ethnic discrimination leads to poorer academic and mental health outcomes for Latinx youth. Although there is a growing literature on the resilience processes that shield Latinx youth from the negative ramifications of these experiences, there is limited work that specifically considers the coping behaviors and processes that youth enact to counter the harmful impact of racial-ethnic discrimination. This limited work is further hampered by a lack of measurement tools that account for the uniqueness of racial-ethnic discrimination as a stressor and the culturally relevant coping strategies endemic to Latinx populations. This article reviews the mixed findings among studies that have examined discrimination, coping strategies, and Latinx youth outcomes. Furthermore, the pressing need for a new measure that would better capture the nuanced manner in which Latinx adolescents cope with racism-related stress is outlined. This work concludes with methodological considerations as well as recommendations for the field's study of coping with the insidious impact of racism-related stress among Latinx adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Past research has found that Black children do not obtain mental health services at a rate commensurate with their needs. Additionally, they overall have lower rates of service utilization in comparison to other groups, even when factors such as socioeconomic status are considered. This systematic review aimed to examine the impact of mental health stigma on service utilization within Black families. We conducted a review of qualitative and quantitative studies published from 1990 to 2020 that examined the relationship between mental health stigma and service use and included disaggregated data of Black American youth and/or caregivers as the participants. Twelve articles (six quantitative, four qualitative, and two mixed methods) met the inclusion criteria. We used a narrative synthesis approach to organize and assess the extracted data. Youth reported stigmatizing beliefs about mental health treatment, although their attitudes did not contribute to caregivers' decisions about seeking treatment for them. Caregivers reported an awareness of stigmatizing views being held by others in their communities, but they did not consistently describe these views as impacting their service use decisions. Findings suggest a need for additional research to determine which factors most strongly impact the service use decisions of Black American caregivers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This study focused on mothers and childless women in recovery from a gambling disorder (GD) in the context of risk society. Mothers with GD suffer from dual social stigma as gamblers and as women who put their children at risk. Mothers in "risk society" tend to recognize that their choices can affect their children's future. The recovery capital (RC) toolkit comprises internal and external resources and barriers enacted in recovery. This longitudinal study: (a) compared the RC toolkits of mothers versus childless women and their effects on these women's dropout and relapse rates; (b) explored the resources and barriers that predict dropout and relapse in each group. Analysis of the clinical data of 211 women with GD (N = 146 mothers) who received cognitive behavioral therapy for 16 weeks in Spain indicated that mothers reported lower levels of education and were from more disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, were older, and developed gambling-related problems in older age. Mothers had significantly lower relapse rates but not lower dropout rates. There were more personal predictors of dropout among childless women, whereas low levels of family support and the absence of gambling debts predicted dropout in the mothers' group. These findings were interpreted by combining the concepts of risk society and recovery capital in action, highlight the differences between resources and barriers in the RC toolkits used by mothers versus childless women and their interplay with the sociocultural contexts of risk society and childfree lifestyles. Therapists and policymakers should consider these differences during recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Global life satisfaction (GLS), a core construct of subjective well-being, plays a vital role in positive development among young adults. Persistent inequality in subjective well-being across minority versus majority groups is a growing public health concern. However, research evidence on the minority-majority disparity in GLS among representative samples of young adults is scarce. Based on national data from Israel (N = 2,405), this study examines (a) the association of multiple forms of economic (not in education, employment, or training status, subjective socioeconomic status indicators), social-relational (trust, discrimination, loneliness), and environmental determinants (neighborhood conditions) with GLS among young adults from a minority-majority (Israeli Arabs-Israeli Jews) perspective; (b) whether minority-majority disparity in GLS can be explained by differential health returns for the determinants considered across participants from the two groups; (c) whether minority-majority disparities in GLS persist when controlling for these determinants, suggesting the effect of ethnicity per se. Significant disparities in GLS by ethnicity were found, with young Arab adults far less likely to be satisfied or very satisfied with their lives. Hierarchical logistic regression indicated that economic, social-relational, and environmental determinants shape GLS, but these factors do not eliminate the adverse effect of minority status on GLS. While social-relational and environmental factors uniformly affect GLS across minority and majority participants, economic factors were less influential among the Arab minority, suggesting lower health returns for economic resources among young Arab adults. Implications for policies aimed at promoting health equity and social justice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Exposure to incarceration can have significant ramifications for one's social relationships. However, the study of how the incarceration of a family member influences loneliness, including among specific segments of the population that experience elevated levels of loneliness, such as U.S. military veterans, has gone understudied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between family member incarceration and perceptions of loneliness among a sample of low-income U.S. military veterans. Data are from the National Veteran Homeless and Other Poverty Experiences Study-a national survey of low-income U.S. veterans collected in December 2022 and January 2023. Multiple Poisson is used to assess the relationship between family member incarceration and a loneliness index, and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship with specific constructs in the loneliness index. The results indicate that respondents who ever experienced the incarceration of a family member reported significantly more loneliness (incidence risk ratio = 1.189, 95% CI [1.035, 1.366]). Further, analyses of the specific items in the loneliness index revealed that family member incarceration was related to an increased risk of reporting feelings of often lacking companionship (relative risk ratio = 1.598, 95% CI [1.077, 2.370]) and often feeling isolated from others (1.711, 95% CI [1.014, 2.886]). Given the potential adverse consequences of loneliness and family member incarceration for well-being, the results from this study emphasize the need for increased attention and coordinated approaches in addressing feelings of loneliness, developing efforts to mitigate the harms of family member incarceration within the U.S. veteran community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).