American Journal of Orthopsychiatry最新文献

Stigma is closely linked to mental health issues among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS. The "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U = U) concept has been instrumental in reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma and improving treatment adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS. However, the effect of U = U status on internalized stigma related to both HIV/AIDS and homosexual identity remains unclear. This study explores how U = U status influences stigma internalization and mental health among young Chinese MSM living with HIV/AIDS, focusing on the intersectional stigma associated with HIV/AIDS status and sexual orientation. A purposeful sampling approach was used to recruit young Chinese MSM living with HIV/AIDS (n = 1,185). Structural equation model, stratified by U = U status, examined the relationships between perceived stigma, internalized stigma, and mental health in the two subgroups. Respondents without U = U reported higher internalized HIV/AIDS stigma and mental health issues but lower perceived homosexual stigma. For this group, perceived HIV/AIDS stigma contributed to the internalization of stigma, with only internalized HIV/AIDS stigma significantly affecting mental health. Among those with U = U, perceived homosexual stigma and internalized HIV/AIDS stigma both negatively impacted mental health. Perceived stigma related to both identities was significantly associated with internalized homosexual stigma. U = U status significantly shapes the identity experiences and mental health of young Chinese MSM with HIV/AIDS. Tailored interventions addressing both HIV/AIDS and MSM-related stigma are needed, with an intersectional approach to reduce stigma and foster supportive environments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

While the intergenerational effects of Khmer Rouge trauma, particularly in parenting style, have been extensively studied, research on its longer term impacts into the third generation remains limited. Adopting quantitative research methods, this study delved into the intergenerational trauma transmission from grandmothers to their adult daughters, and subsequently to their grandchildren in their care among migrant skipped-generation households in Cambodia. The study included 128 grandmothers, 41 daughters, and 45 grandchildren. The paired subsamples comprised of 41 grandmother-daughter pairs and 39 grandmother-grandchild pairs. Survey interviews were administered to collect data on the trauma experiences and symptoms, psychological distress, and parenting style using standardized instruments. The data were analyzed using mediation analysis, linear regression models, and Pearson correlation. Findings showed the mediating role of role-reversing parenting in the relationship between the grandmothers' trauma symptoms and their daughters' depression; however, such support was not evident in the third generation, suggesting the indirect effect of trauma transmission was more pronounced in the second generation compared to the third. Nevertheless, the direct effect of associations between grandmothers' trauma symptoms and grandchildren's depression was significant. These findings on secondary traumatization linked to grandmothers' Khmer Rouge trauma in the second and skipped-generational effects provide a broader societal implication for the intergenerational trauma among Cambodian families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Parental substance use disorder (SUD) constitutes a major public health problem and a well-known risk condition for child development, largely due to exposure to dysfunctional caregiving practices, ranging from less-than-optimal maternal sensitivity to severe forms of abuse or neglect. However, most research focused on specific parenting features or on maternal and child behaviors separately, which may not be representative of the quality of their relationship as a whole. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of dyadic emotional availability and their association with different risk factors in the context of maternal SUD. The study involved 77 mothers with SUD (M_age = 28.55 years, SD = 6.41) and their children (47% male, M_age = 12.47 months, SD = 15.04) receiving residential intervention services. At the time of admission, sociodemographic risk factors and maternal psychopathology were assessed through, respectively, an ad-hoc interview and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. Mother-child interactions were rated during free-play using the Emotional Availability Scales. Cluster analysis was used to identify potentially different patterns of interactions. Four patterns were identified: "low-functioning dyads," "inconsistent dyads," "inconsistent mother with low functioning child," and "high functioning dyads," where functioning refers to the level of interactive functioning, that is, the quality of interactive behaviors and the degree of emotional availability. These patterns presented differences with respect to some individual (children's age), clinical (prenatal drug exposure) and psychopathological (depression) variables. Findings highlight the need for targeted intervention programs aimed at improving the quality of parenting behaviors and childhood development trajectories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

People with disabilities (PWD) have reported higher major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic than others in the general population, with social isolation and disability stigma as key predictors of heightened symptomatology. However, the nature and predictors of PWD's MD and GAD symptom trajectories during the pandemic and after other potentially traumatic events remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to (a) document PWD's MD and GAD symptom trajectories during the pandemic and (b) examine social isolation and disability stigma as predictors of trajectory membership. A convenience sample of PWD recruited from disability-focused social media groups and Listserv (N = 200) completed a longitudinal study, with surveys in October-December 2020 (Time 1), November-December 2021 (Time 2), and October-December 2022 (Time 3). Participants reported on social isolation, disability stigma, demographic and disability characteristics, and pandemic-related stressors at Time 1, and MD and GAD symptoms at each wave. Latent class growth analysis detected three MD symptom trajectories (Mild-Decreasing: 40.5%; Moderate-Decreasing: 43.0%; Moderately Severe-Stable: 16.5%), and three GAD trajectories (Mild-Decreasing: 40.5%; Moderate-Decreasing: 41.5%; Severe-Stable: 18.0%). In adjusted models, higher social isolation was associated with higher odds of membership in the Moderately Severe-Stable MD trajectory versus the Mild- and Moderate-Decreasing MD trajectories, and higher odds of membership in the Moderate-Decreasing GAD trajectory versus the Mild-Decreasing GAD trajectory. The results demonstrate the persistent MD and GAD symptoms experienced by many PWD during the pandemic and the importance of interventions to address PWD's social isolation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The COVID-19 pandemic can pose a heavy toll on parents' daily functioning and mental health. While previous studies have identified resilience as a potential protective factor, less is known about the role of resilience in protecting parents from the negative impact caused by the pandemic. Using a two-wave cross-lagged panel design, the present study aimed to examine how the daily functioning of parents was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the mediating role of functional impairment on the associations of perceived resilience with mental well-being and self-rated health. A total of 129 parents in Hong Kong completed the questionnaire on perceived resilience, functional impairment, mental well-being, and self-rated health twice at a 1-month interval. The results showed that perceived resilience was negatively associated with functional impairment across time. The cross-lagged effect of functional impairment on mental well-being was also found. Furthermore, functional impairment mediated the relationship between perceived resilience and mental well-being. This suggests that parents who reported higher resilience were likely to maintain their mental well-being during the COVID-19 outbreak, as their ability to perform everyday tasks and activities was less disrupted by pandemic-related challenges. The findings highlight the protective role of perceived resilience over time during the pandemic and underscore the importance of resilience-building interventions for parents, especially during challenging times when resources to cope with stress are limited. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This 30-year review of psychiatric research with Photovoice examined the demographic representation and adherence to action and advocacy goals. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and previous research informed search terms; the search year began in 1992 when Photovoice was created. Fourteen studies met the criteria: original peer-reviewed journal articles, written or translated into English, conducted in the United States, and described exclusively as Photovoice with at least 50% of participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for severe mental illnesses, internalizing disorders, or substance use disorders. Participant social identities (race and ethnicity, economic position, gender), psychiatric diagnoses, and policy-related steps were documented. Results revealed that schizophrenia spectrum disorders were most represented in Photovoice (33.33%), whereas most substance-related and addictive (11.51%), depressive (13.49%), bipolar (8.33%), anxiety (4.76%), and trauma or stressor disorders (3.57%) were less studied. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders were not represented. Major U.S. census-defined minoritized racial and ethnic groups were nearly, if not entirely, absent. An ethics and social-justice approach to collecting and reporting thorough demographic data (Call et al., 2023) was also lacking. Nearly three quarters of studies initiated the action and advocacy component of Photovoice to mobilize collective change, though what happened next regarding policy outcomes was not well-examined. Results also revealed the emergence of augmented Photovoice (28.5%), which supplemented or integrated Photovoice with behavioral or therapeutic interventions. This study illuminates significant disparities in participant representation, points the field toward a post-Photovoice examination, and provides recommendations for leveraging augmented Photovoice among all three tiers of a public mental health model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Prior research centering Black women's mental health has established a link between gendered racism and psychological distress, with perceived low social support and disengagement coping exacerbating adverse mental health outcomes, but these constructs and relationships among them require elaboration to inform culturally relevant care. The present study aimed to extend the literature by examining the mediating role of psychological armoring (a culturally tailored frame for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy's psychological inflexibility model) as a coping response in the connection between gendered racism and trauma symptoms from discrimination among a community sample of 187 Black American women. We introduced the concept of disparity in social support roles (DSSR; e.g., giving more support than receiving) to assess the impact of this factor on perceived low social support and evaluated the moderating role of satisfaction with balance of social support roles (SBSSR) in the gendered racism to disengagement coping link. Results revealed that psychological armoring partially mediated the relationship between gendered racism and trauma symptoms from discrimination. While there was no moderating support for DSSR, giving more support than receiving predicted low social support satisfaction, and decreased SBSSR was related to higher psychological armoring, psychological distress, and trauma symptoms from discrimination. Our results expand upon empirical research that connects gendered racism to adverse psychological outcomes and lends support to psychological armoring and DSSR as malleable mechanisms that can be targeted for wellness-promoting interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study aimed to identify profiles of women diagnosed with breast cancer 18 months postdiagnosis based on a combination of risk and protective factors. Additionally, the study aimed to examine various potential early predictors at 3 and 6 months postdiagnosis to determine their association with the identified profiles at 18 months postdiagnosis. The sample of the study consisted of 499 women with breast cancer from four oncology centers located in Finland, Portugal, Italy, and Israel. Women completed self-report questionnaires at three time points postdiagnosis: 3, 6, and 18 months. The measures utilized included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, the Distress Thermometer, a single item assessing self-efficacy, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, a single item of bounce-back ability, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Four profiles were identified: Resilience, High distress, Moderate distress, and Bouncing back coupled with distress. The primary predictors across all profiles were anxiety and depression, followed by posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress, self-efficacy, and bounce-back ability. This study highlighted that the challenges associated with breast cancer begin at the time of diagnosis and persist beyond the completion of treatment. Early provision of psychosocial support may facilitate improved positive adjustment 18 months postdiagnosis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

This study investigates the perceptions and interpretations of loneliness-related issues among older adults enrolled in an online photovoice group intervention program. It specifically examines their engagement with group activities conducted through the Zoom platform and the diverse experiences they acquired through their involvement in the group. In a qualitative-phenomenological study involving 22 older adult participants, data were collected via semistructured, in-depth interviews and subsequently analyzed through content analysis. Three major themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) the supportive dimension-the social support element of belonging to a group, the group as a safe place; (2) the values dimension-values of relational rather than aesthetic artistic expression, values of voice expression; and (3) the dimension of opening new opportunities-photographs as enhancing and enriching group communication, as well as Zoom enabling closeness, and relationships that continued after the program. The Zoom-based photovoice intervention emerged as an exceptionally accessible and cost-efficient method for mitigating loneliness, even with the challenges of managing digital communication. This study reveals the crucial necessity of offering comprehensive support concerning the utilization of the Zoom platform for the older adult population. The findings of this study propose a promising accessible framework for future interventions to reduce loneliness among older adults amidst crises as well as during normal conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Arab-Palestinian gay men (APGM) in Israel are considered both a sexual minority and a national-ethnic-religious minority group. This locates APGM at the nexus of multiple marginal positions within their local Arab communities and in Israeli society at large. Despite the complexity of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning Arabs' social position worldwide, research in this area remains limited. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to address this gap by employing an intersectional lens to examine the social exclusion and inclusion of APGM. We applied purposive and snowball sampling for interviews (N = 20) and a focus group (N = 8) with APGM living in traditional rural communities in Israel. The study findings reveal that participants experience numerous forms of exclusion across three main life spheres: the family and local community sphere, the educational and economic sphere, and the intimate sphere. This dynamic creates a form of hyperexclusion, reinforced by structural stigma, which can limit life opportunities and negatively influence health and well-being of APGM. We draw on intersectionality theory and studies of Arab and Muslim sexual minorities to discuss the study findings and suggest implications for research, policy, and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).