Pub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1758175
Tebogo Bruce Seleka, D. Mmopelwa
ABSTRACT Input subsidy programs (ISPs) are an important agricultural development strategy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Past studies have focused on the impact of ISPs on crop production, food security and poverty. Little attention has been devoted to assessing their impact on crop diversification, which is a strategy for managing production risk and improving soil fertility under cereal-based smallholder production environments in SSA. Meanwhile, there is growing debate on whether ISPs may conflict with the crop diversification strategy by promoting crop concentration. We estimate cropland allocation and diversification models to test this hypothesis for two ISPs in Botswana, Accelerated Rainfed Arable Programme (ARAP) and Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD), using panel data of agricultural regions and the cropping seasons of 1978/79 to 2013/14. Results reveal that ISPs have induced increased concentration on cereals, away from beans/pulses and oil crops, leading to reduced cropland diversification. ARAP induced a 6.7 percentage point rise in cereal area share and a 5.2 (1.4) percentage point fall in beans/pulses (oil crops) area share. Similarly, ISPAAD induced a 4.4 percentage point rise in cereal area share and a 4.1 percentage point fall in beans/pulses area share. By discouraging legume production, ISPs may lead to soil fertility loss, as legumes may help rebuild nitrogen stocks in soils.
{"title":"Effects of input subsidies on cropland allocation and diversification in Botswana’s subsistence economy","authors":"Tebogo Bruce Seleka, D. Mmopelwa","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1758175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1758175","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Input subsidy programs (ISPs) are an important agricultural development strategy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Past studies have focused on the impact of ISPs on crop production, food security and poverty. Little attention has been devoted to assessing their impact on crop diversification, which is a strategy for managing production risk and improving soil fertility under cereal-based smallholder production environments in SSA. Meanwhile, there is growing debate on whether ISPs may conflict with the crop diversification strategy by promoting crop concentration. We estimate cropland allocation and diversification models to test this hypothesis for two ISPs in Botswana, Accelerated Rainfed Arable Programme (ARAP) and Integrated Support Programme for Arable Agriculture Development (ISPAAD), using panel data of agricultural regions and the cropping seasons of 1978/79 to 2013/14. Results reveal that ISPs have induced increased concentration on cereals, away from beans/pulses and oil crops, leading to reduced cropland diversification. ARAP induced a 6.7 percentage point rise in cereal area share and a 5.2 (1.4) percentage point fall in beans/pulses (oil crops) area share. Similarly, ISPAAD induced a 4.4 percentage point rise in cereal area share and a 4.1 percentage point fall in beans/pulses area share. By discouraging legume production, ISPs may lead to soil fertility loss, as legumes may help rebuild nitrogen stocks in soils.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"337 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1758175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47392533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2019.1694046
M. Balcılar, F. Bekun
ABSTRACT This paper examines the nature of interconnectedness between the returns of the price of oil and foreign exchange on selected agricultural commodity prices. To do this, the authors leverage the novel methodology of a spillover index developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) that reports predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting 28, no. 1: 57–66) that reports: (i) Net spillovers; (ii) Directional spillovers; (iii) Pairwise net spillovers; and (iv) Total spillover indices. This study also captures all secular and cyclical movements with the aid of rolling window analysis to ensure the robustness of the estimations. Empirical analyses are constructed based on monthly realised frequency data from 2006M1 to 2016M7. The empirical analysis from the full sample size shows that rice, sorghum, price inflation, a nominal effective exchange rate and oil price display weak pass-through among the investigated variables while banana, cocoa, groundnut, maize, soybean and wheat are net transmitters of spillover. Based on these revelations, several policy prescriptions for the agricultural commodity markets and their diverse responses to either exchange rate fluctuations or a dwindling oil price are suggested for Nigeria.
{"title":"Do oil prices and exchange rates account for agricultural commodity market spillovers? Evidence from the Diebold and Yilmaz Index","authors":"M. Balcılar, F. Bekun","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2019.1694046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2019.1694046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the nature of interconnectedness between the returns of the price of oil and foreign exchange on selected agricultural commodity prices. To do this, the authors leverage the novel methodology of a spillover index developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) that reports predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers. International Journal of Forecasting 28, no. 1: 57–66) that reports: (i) Net spillovers; (ii) Directional spillovers; (iii) Pairwise net spillovers; and (iv) Total spillover indices. This study also captures all secular and cyclical movements with the aid of rolling window analysis to ensure the robustness of the estimations. Empirical analyses are constructed based on monthly realised frequency data from 2006M1 to 2016M7. The empirical analysis from the full sample size shows that rice, sorghum, price inflation, a nominal effective exchange rate and oil price display weak pass-through among the investigated variables while banana, cocoa, groundnut, maize, soybean and wheat are net transmitters of spillover. Based on these revelations, several policy prescriptions for the agricultural commodity markets and their diverse responses to either exchange rate fluctuations or a dwindling oil price are suggested for Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"366 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2019.1694046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45704617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-21DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1743728
D. Belay
ABSTRACT While previous studies recognise the importance of social capital for cooperatives’ social and economic outcomes, there are no empirical studies on the determinants of farmers’ social capital in cooperatives. This paper investigates the determinants of social capital using data from farmers in dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia. First, principal component analyses (PCAs) are performed on the data set of dimensions of social capital: structural, relational and cognitive. After applying PCA, composite indicators are developed as measures of farmers’ dimensions of social capital. Second, seemingly unrelated regression is employed to identify the determinants of the dimensions of social capital. The results suggest that marital status, education level and length of membership have a positive effect on the structural dimension. The relational dimension has a positive relationship with the ownership of a radio, the number of close friends, and membership in associations, while training access and number of close friends positively influence the cognitive dimension. The study concludes that improving farmers’ social capital in dairy cooperatives requires investment in the educational system, creating and developing local associations, promoting cooperatives through mass media, and strengthening the existing training programmes.
{"title":"Determinants of individual social capital in dairy cooperatives in West Shoa, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Belay","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1743728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1743728","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While previous studies recognise the importance of social capital for cooperatives’ social and economic outcomes, there are no empirical studies on the determinants of farmers’ social capital in cooperatives. This paper investigates the determinants of social capital using data from farmers in dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia. First, principal component analyses (PCAs) are performed on the data set of dimensions of social capital: structural, relational and cognitive. After applying PCA, composite indicators are developed as measures of farmers’ dimensions of social capital. Second, seemingly unrelated regression is employed to identify the determinants of the dimensions of social capital. The results suggest that marital status, education level and length of membership have a positive effect on the structural dimension. The relational dimension has a positive relationship with the ownership of a radio, the number of close friends, and membership in associations, while training access and number of close friends positively influence the cognitive dimension. The study concludes that improving farmers’ social capital in dairy cooperatives requires investment in the educational system, creating and developing local associations, promoting cooperatives through mass media, and strengthening the existing training programmes.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"303 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1743728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1742747
J. Macharia, G. Diiro, J. R. Busienei, K. Munei, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, B. Muriithi, D. Nakimbugwe, C. Tanga, K. Fiaboe
ABSTRACT This paper uses a translog cost function approach to study the farm-level demand for poultry feed in Kenya. The study estimates the demand elasticities of the three common types of poultry feed; mixed feed, grain, and leafy vegetables. The estimated model was used to obtain estimates of Marshallian demand elasticities for poultry feed in Kenya for male-headed and female-headed households. The elasticities reported can be used by researchers and policy analysts to evaluate policy effects of changes in feed demand quantities within the livestock economy in Kenya. Moreover, these parameters can provide more reliable estimates of the total change in feed demand than relying on subjective measures of elasticities. Furthermore, the results of this study are essential in enhancing gender equitable policy formulation. Our findings show that own price elasticities of demand for all the feed types are negative and less than unit in absolute value for the sample of farmers surveyed, indicating that the feed types are relatively inelastic. The cross-price elasticities indicate that vegetables and grain are compliments while the rest of the poultry feed types are substitutes. The results also show that there are substantial gender differences in feed demand and elasticities of feed demand with respect to feed prices.
{"title":"Gendered analysis of the demand for poultry feed in Kenya","authors":"J. Macharia, G. Diiro, J. R. Busienei, K. Munei, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, B. Muriithi, D. Nakimbugwe, C. Tanga, K. Fiaboe","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1742747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1742747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This paper uses a translog cost function approach to study the farm-level demand for poultry feed in Kenya. The study estimates the demand elasticities of the three common types of poultry feed; mixed feed, grain, and leafy vegetables. The estimated model was used to obtain estimates of Marshallian demand elasticities for poultry feed in Kenya for male-headed and female-headed households. The elasticities reported can be used by researchers and policy analysts to evaluate policy effects of changes in feed demand quantities within the livestock economy in Kenya. Moreover, these parameters can provide more reliable estimates of the total change in feed demand than relying on subjective measures of elasticities. Furthermore, the results of this study are essential in enhancing gender equitable policy formulation. Our findings show that own price elasticities of demand for all the feed types are negative and less than unit in absolute value for the sample of farmers surveyed, indicating that the feed types are relatively inelastic. The cross-price elasticities indicate that vegetables and grain are compliments while the rest of the poultry feed types are substitutes. The results also show that there are substantial gender differences in feed demand and elasticities of feed demand with respect to feed prices.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"426 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1742747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41918115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1743729
U. Tumaini
ABSTRACT This paper examines the extent to which household assets ownership vary along the urban-rural continuum, and assess the influence of these assets on household food accessibility. A cross-sectional research design using a stratified random sample of 279 households was sampled along the urban-rural continuum in Morogoro and Iringa, Tanzania. The results show that household assets ownership varies significantly in areas regarded as urban, peri-urban and rural. Using binary logistic regression, household food accessibility improves as household head's education and the number of household members earning income increase. Conversely, food accessibility worsens as household size, the proportion of consumption expenditure on food, and reliance on aid increase. It is concluded that although household assets ownership varies greatly along the urban-rural continuum, its food accessibility status is influenced by factors such as household head's education level, number of members earning an income, household size, the proportion of consumption expenditure on food and reliance on aid. Household's location does not affect its food accessibility. Therefore, household's heads should be given appropriate technical skills to enable them to improve their household food accessibility. More job opportunities should be created mostly in rural areas and people should be sensitised to practice family planning.
{"title":"Household assets and food security in and around medium-sized towns: some insights from Morogoro and Iringa, Tanzania","authors":"U. Tumaini","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1743729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1743729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the extent to which household assets ownership vary along the urban-rural continuum, and assess the influence of these assets on household food accessibility. A cross-sectional research design using a stratified random sample of 279 households was sampled along the urban-rural continuum in Morogoro and Iringa, Tanzania. The results show that household assets ownership varies significantly in areas regarded as urban, peri-urban and rural. Using binary logistic regression, household food accessibility improves as household head's education and the number of household members earning income increase. Conversely, food accessibility worsens as household size, the proportion of consumption expenditure on food, and reliance on aid increase. It is concluded that although household assets ownership varies greatly along the urban-rural continuum, its food accessibility status is influenced by factors such as household head's education level, number of members earning an income, household size, the proportion of consumption expenditure on food and reliance on aid. Household's location does not affect its food accessibility. Therefore, household's heads should be given appropriate technical skills to enable them to improve their household food accessibility. More job opportunities should be created mostly in rural areas and people should be sensitised to practice family planning.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"354 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1743729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44513921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-31DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1734036
D. Belay
ABSTRACT While previous studies recognise the importance of trust in cooperatives, there are very few empirical studies on the role trust plays in market participation in dairy cooperatives. This paper investigates the effect of trust on farmers’ milk market participation using data from dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia. First, a principal component analysis was performed on the data set of trust indicators to construct a composite indicator for measuring farmers’ trust. Second, the Heckman two-step procedure was employed to investigate the effect of trust on milk market participation. The result from the Tobit model indicates that trust is an important factor influencing the intensity of milk marketing through the cooperatives. The following implications are worthy of consideration for improving farmers’ trust and thereby market participation: improving the competency of the management, communicating and sharing of information, and democratic election of the management.
{"title":"The effect of trust on farmers’ milk market participation in dairy cooperatives in West Shoa, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Belay","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1734036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1734036","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While previous studies recognise the importance of trust in cooperatives, there are very few empirical studies on the role trust plays in market participation in dairy cooperatives. This paper investigates the effect of trust on farmers’ milk market participation using data from dairy cooperatives in Ethiopia. First, a principal component analysis was performed on the data set of trust indicators to construct a composite indicator for measuring farmers’ trust. Second, the Heckman two-step procedure was employed to investigate the effect of trust on milk market participation. The result from the Tobit model indicates that trust is an important factor influencing the intensity of milk marketing through the cooperatives. The following implications are worthy of consideration for improving farmers’ trust and thereby market participation: improving the competency of the management, communicating and sharing of information, and democratic election of the management.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"287 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1734036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46943220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1731561
I. Mugwagwa, J. Bijman, J. Trienekens
ABSTRACT This paper proposes an alternative typology of contract farming arrangements (CFA) based on transaction cost theory. To construct the typology, we first surveyed managers of agribusiness firms and contracted farmers in Zimbabwe to understand the provisions in their contracts, the motivations for their inclusion and the level of transaction attributes, particularly the sub-categories of asset specificity and uncertainty. We then developed a two-by-two matrix of contract types based on the interaction of transaction attributes. The results show that four contract types can be distinguished: total, group, lean and market contracts. Furthermore, CFAs that are misaligned with transaction attributes have problems of side-selling and inefficiency. Our new empirically based categorisation can help managers and policymakers to design CFAs that match with underlying transaction attributes, thus enhancing the stability and efficiency of CFAs.
{"title":"Typology of contract farming arrangements: a transaction cost perspective","authors":"I. Mugwagwa, J. Bijman, J. Trienekens","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1731561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1731561","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper proposes an alternative typology of contract farming arrangements (CFA) based on transaction cost theory. To construct the typology, we first surveyed managers of agribusiness firms and contracted farmers in Zimbabwe to understand the provisions in their contracts, the motivations for their inclusion and the level of transaction attributes, particularly the sub-categories of asset specificity and uncertainty. We then developed a two-by-two matrix of contract types based on the interaction of transaction attributes. The results show that four contract types can be distinguished: total, group, lean and market contracts. Furthermore, CFAs that are misaligned with transaction attributes have problems of side-selling and inefficiency. Our new empirically based categorisation can help managers and policymakers to design CFAs that match with underlying transaction attributes, thus enhancing the stability and efficiency of CFAs.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"169 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1731561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48013692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-24DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1721306
J. P. Musara, L. Musemwa
ABSTRACT Attaining food and income security is a persistent challenge among small holder farmers of Southern Africa. Improved sorghum varieties are widely regarded as a panacea to extreme poverty. The paper uses endogenous switching regression to determine impacts of improved sorghum varieties intensification on household welfare. Household dietary diversity score and household food insecurity access score were used as outcome variables and proxies for food security. Cross-sectional data were generated in the Mid Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe in 2016 from 380 households in a survey conducted with five purposively selected wards. Social association groups, average weighted market prices, household income, age of principal decision maker, dependency ratio, ownership of draught power and storage facilities have significant (p < 0.01) implications on the adoption decision. Counterfactual analyses shows that farmers who allocate more land towards improved sorghum varieties are relatively better off in food diversity and food access. Intensifying improved sorghum varieties can increase dietary diversity by 35% while reducing food insecurity by 29–34%. Social networking can be strengthened through local, government and private partnerships to facilitate generation and efficient dissemination of sorghum production and marketing information. Improving the market prices can increase market size and enhance efficiency along strategic value chain nodes.
{"title":"Impacts of improved sorghum varieties intensification on household welfare in the mid-Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe","authors":"J. P. Musara, L. Musemwa","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1721306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1721306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Attaining food and income security is a persistent challenge among small holder farmers of Southern Africa. Improved sorghum varieties are widely regarded as a panacea to extreme poverty. The paper uses endogenous switching regression to determine impacts of improved sorghum varieties intensification on household welfare. Household dietary diversity score and household food insecurity access score were used as outcome variables and proxies for food security. Cross-sectional data were generated in the Mid Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe in 2016 from 380 households in a survey conducted with five purposively selected wards. Social association groups, average weighted market prices, household income, age of principal decision maker, dependency ratio, ownership of draught power and storage facilities have significant (p < 0.01) implications on the adoption decision. Counterfactual analyses shows that farmers who allocate more land towards improved sorghum varieties are relatively better off in food diversity and food access. Intensifying improved sorghum varieties can increase dietary diversity by 35% while reducing food insecurity by 29–34%. Social networking can be strengthened through local, government and private partnerships to facilitate generation and efficient dissemination of sorghum production and marketing information. Improving the market prices can increase market size and enhance efficiency along strategic value chain nodes.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"254 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1721306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59306007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-12DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2019.1699840
K. Bissinger, Daniel Leufkens
ABSTRACT Product certification such as organic and fairtrade, leads to a price premium for producers in the majority of cases and thus, also encourages them to increase supplied quantities in order to boost revenue, as empirically evidenced by several studies. Theoretically, this might be a plausible business strategy. The market for certified products is, however, a small one, and producers are not able to sell off the entire quantity produced in the certified niche market. Said supply surplus has to be sold off via conventional trading channels, resulting in a head-on competition between certified and uncertified producers. The analysis at hand sheds light on the revenue gains of certified producers via price discrimination on conventional Southern markets, and the consequences for uncertified producers.
{"title":"(Fairtrade) certification: consequences of being a niche market","authors":"K. Bissinger, Daniel Leufkens","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2019.1699840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2019.1699840","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Product certification such as organic and fairtrade, leads to a price premium for producers in the majority of cases and thus, also encourages them to increase supplied quantities in order to boost revenue, as empirically evidenced by several studies. Theoretically, this might be a plausible business strategy. The market for certified products is, however, a small one, and producers are not able to sell off the entire quantity produced in the certified niche market. Said supply surplus has to be sold off via conventional trading channels, resulting in a head-on competition between certified and uncertified producers. The analysis at hand sheds light on the revenue gains of certified producers via price discrimination on conventional Southern markets, and the consequences for uncertified producers.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"188 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2019.1699840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45600742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-11DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2020.1721305
Meizal Popat, G. Griffith, S. Mounter, O. Cacho
ABSTRACT With increasing population and demand for food, reducing food loss and waste is one of the greatest challenges worldwide. Current estimates point to over 1 billion tons of food lost and wasted worldwide, though nearly 10 percent of the global population is suffering from undernourishment and food insecurity. In Mozambique, about one-quarter of the population suffers from undernourishment and food insecurity. Estimates from FAO point to postharvest losses of maize in Mozambique at about 3.69 to 7.92 percent; this is less than one-fifth of the on-farm losses reported by other authors. In this study, an Equilibrium Displacement model is used to assess the economy-wide impact of postharvest losses of maize at the farm level. The impact of a 3 percent postharvest loss is tested. Results suggest that even this very conservative percentage of postharvest losses has a direct annual net cost of around $USD 28 million for both farmers and consumers domestically. This is equivalent to over 1 percent of the national budget. It is also higher than the average cost of food aid programs received over the last three years. Therefore, reducing postharvest losses of maize along with other interventions is crucial to achieve sustainable development and economic growth.
{"title":"Postharvest losses at the farm level and its economy-wide costs: the case of the maize sector in Mozambique","authors":"Meizal Popat, G. Griffith, S. Mounter, O. Cacho","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2020.1721305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2020.1721305","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With increasing population and demand for food, reducing food loss and waste is one of the greatest challenges worldwide. Current estimates point to over 1 billion tons of food lost and wasted worldwide, though nearly 10 percent of the global population is suffering from undernourishment and food insecurity. In Mozambique, about one-quarter of the population suffers from undernourishment and food insecurity. Estimates from FAO point to postharvest losses of maize in Mozambique at about 3.69 to 7.92 percent; this is less than one-fifth of the on-farm losses reported by other authors. In this study, an Equilibrium Displacement model is used to assess the economy-wide impact of postharvest losses of maize at the farm level. The impact of a 3 percent postharvest loss is tested. Results suggest that even this very conservative percentage of postharvest losses has a direct annual net cost of around $USD 28 million for both farmers and consumers domestically. This is equivalent to over 1 percent of the national budget. It is also higher than the average cost of food aid programs received over the last three years. Therefore, reducing postharvest losses of maize along with other interventions is crucial to achieve sustainable development and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"59 1","pages":"235 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2020.1721305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42410186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：