Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1937246
M. Chitete, W. Mgomezulu, Mercy Bwanaisa, J. Dzanja
ABSTRACT Agricultural marketing has overwhelmingly received policy reforms indeveloping countries, Malawi included. In response to these policyreforms, extensive research on market cointegration has been conducted in evaluating the market performance of various agricultural commodities. In Malawi, literature on groundnut market cointegration is scanty. This study was aimed at understanding price co-movement in groundnut markets in Malawi. Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) data on groundnut prices from 2005 to 2018 were used. The Vector Error Correction Model was used to analyse the extent of market cointegration, both in the long and the short run. The speeds of adjustments in groundnut markets were found to be very slow. It takes long for the systems to revert back to equilibriums in the long run. In all regions, very few markets are cointegrated. Although the speed of adjustment is slow in most of the cointegrating vectors, Southern region markets depict the fastest speed of adjustment towards long run equilibrium. Irrespective of the speed of adjustment, more markets are cointegrated in northern and central regions than in the southern region. Relevant policies are needed that promote smooth flow of information from surplus to deficit areas. Market infrastructure is also needed in the country.
{"title":"Analysis of intra-region market integration and spatial price transmission in groundnut markets in Malawi","authors":"M. Chitete, W. Mgomezulu, Mercy Bwanaisa, J. Dzanja","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1937246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937246","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agricultural marketing has overwhelmingly received policy reforms indeveloping countries, Malawi included. In response to these policyreforms, extensive research on market cointegration has been conducted in evaluating the market performance of various agricultural commodities. In Malawi, literature on groundnut market cointegration is scanty. This study was aimed at understanding price co-movement in groundnut markets in Malawi. Agricultural Market Information System (AMIS) data on groundnut prices from 2005 to 2018 were used. The Vector Error Correction Model was used to analyse the extent of market cointegration, both in the long and the short run. The speeds of adjustments in groundnut markets were found to be very slow. It takes long for the systems to revert back to equilibriums in the long run. In all regions, very few markets are cointegrated. Although the speed of adjustment is slow in most of the cointegrating vectors, Southern region markets depict the fastest speed of adjustment towards long run equilibrium. Irrespective of the speed of adjustment, more markets are cointegrated in northern and central regions than in the southern region. Relevant policies are needed that promote smooth flow of information from surplus to deficit areas. Market infrastructure is also needed in the country.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"280 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1960176
Jacques C. Julien, B. Bravo‐Ureta, Nicholas E. Rada
ABSTRACT In this study, we undertake a comparative analysis to re-examine the inverse relationship hypothesis between farm size and land productivity, paying special attention to possible errors in land measurement and the role of technical efficiency (TE). Our primary focus is on the distribution of TE over farm size, so that we may assess the productivity and efficiency relationship with land that has been discussed extensively in the literature. We hypothesize that the distribution of TE over farm sizes is non-linear. To test our hypothesis, we use the Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture and a stochastic production frontier with Greene’s (2005) true random effects framework. Specifically, we ask if smaller farms – within the range of farm sizes prevalent in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda – are more technically efficient than larger ones after accounting for a number of attributes often ignored such as measures of the production environment, including transportation infrastructure, public extension visits, among other characteristics. The results confirm a robust overall inverse relationship between farm size and land productivity in all three countries. However, the relationship between farm size and TE is positive across some size segments, resulting in a U-shape distribution.
{"title":"Productive efficiency and farm size in East Africa","authors":"Jacques C. Julien, B. Bravo‐Ureta, Nicholas E. Rada","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1960176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1960176","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we undertake a comparative analysis to re-examine the inverse relationship hypothesis between farm size and land productivity, paying special attention to possible errors in land measurement and the role of technical efficiency (TE). Our primary focus is on the distribution of TE over farm size, so that we may assess the productivity and efficiency relationship with land that has been discussed extensively in the literature. We hypothesize that the distribution of TE over farm sizes is non-linear. To test our hypothesis, we use the Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture and a stochastic production frontier with Greene’s (2005) true random effects framework. Specifically, we ask if smaller farms – within the range of farm sizes prevalent in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda – are more technically efficient than larger ones after accounting for a number of attributes often ignored such as measures of the production environment, including transportation infrastructure, public extension visits, among other characteristics. The results confirm a robust overall inverse relationship between farm size and land productivity in all three countries. However, the relationship between farm size and TE is positive across some size segments, resulting in a U-shape distribution.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"209 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1960176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1946412
I. Sakala, T. Kalinda, Chewe Nkonde, W. Burke
ABSTRACT Applying a triple hurdle model to nationally representative farm household data from Zambia, this study examines determinants associated with three sequential crop production decisions: animal draught power adoption, minimum tillage ripping adoption, and the extent of hectares ripped. The correlated random effects estimator is also used to explore two dimensions of minimum tillage ripping adoption: changes in adoption within a household over time (within-household effect) and differences in adoption between households at a given time (between-household effect). Results reveal that age and gender of the household head, the head's level of education, household labour, hectares cultivated, ripper ownership, loan access, receiving conservation farming advice and distance to agricultural service providers are some of the key determinants associated with the three stages investigated using the triple hurdle model. The correlated random effects results demonstrate that while certain factors enhance or inhibit the expected value of hectares ripped within a given household, it is not always the case that these factors have a similar effect when the analysis is between households. This article highlights policy options to enhance ownership of rippers, support smallholder farmer access to loans, facilitate development of agro-dealer networks, and innovative approaches for disseminating conservation farming information to farmers.
{"title":"Adoption of ox-drawn minimum tillage ripping by smallholder farmers in Zambia","authors":"I. Sakala, T. Kalinda, Chewe Nkonde, W. Burke","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1946412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1946412","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Applying a triple hurdle model to nationally representative farm household data from Zambia, this study examines determinants associated with three sequential crop production decisions: animal draught power adoption, minimum tillage ripping adoption, and the extent of hectares ripped. The correlated random effects estimator is also used to explore two dimensions of minimum tillage ripping adoption: changes in adoption within a household over time (within-household effect) and differences in adoption between households at a given time (between-household effect). Results reveal that age and gender of the household head, the head's level of education, household labour, hectares cultivated, ripper ownership, loan access, receiving conservation farming advice and distance to agricultural service providers are some of the key determinants associated with the three stages investigated using the triple hurdle model. The correlated random effects results demonstrate that while certain factors enhance or inhibit the expected value of hectares ripped within a given household, it is not always the case that these factors have a similar effect when the analysis is between households. This article highlights policy options to enhance ownership of rippers, support smallholder farmer access to loans, facilitate development of agro-dealer networks, and innovative approaches for disseminating conservation farming information to farmers.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"335 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1946412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43551481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1937244
A. Katunga, E. W. Zegeye, G. Ortmann
ABSTRACT Traders that participate in more competitive market structures earn relatively little marketing margins than those that participate in less competitive ones. For better returns, commodity producers have to transact in competitive market structures. Therefore, understanding market structures and market entry barriers are essential to inform policy. The study's objectives were to examine forms of market structure and investigate entry barriers into the local, district, and city groundnut markets for intermediary traders in central and northern Malawi. The findings revealed that the three markets were relatively competitive. Other results showed that business experience and sole ownership of business increased the traders’ likelihood to enter the district and local markets, respectively. Market transaction costs and storage infrastructure negatively and positively influenced the probability of traders’ entry into the local and city markets, respectively. The quantity of produce transacted increased and decreased the likelihood of entry into the local and city markets. Access to credit and informal credit sources increased and decreased the likelihood of entering the city market, respectively. Membership to informal trader associations increased the probability of entering the city market. Thus, institutions, markets and road infrastructure are critical to enhancing intermediary traders’ participation in the local and city groundnut markets.
{"title":"Structure and entry barriers to access groundnut markets for intermediary traders in central and northern Malawi","authors":"A. Katunga, E. W. Zegeye, G. Ortmann","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1937244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937244","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traders that participate in more competitive market structures earn relatively little marketing margins than those that participate in less competitive ones. For better returns, commodity producers have to transact in competitive market structures. Therefore, understanding market structures and market entry barriers are essential to inform policy. The study's objectives were to examine forms of market structure and investigate entry barriers into the local, district, and city groundnut markets for intermediary traders in central and northern Malawi. The findings revealed that the three markets were relatively competitive. Other results showed that business experience and sole ownership of business increased the traders’ likelihood to enter the district and local markets, respectively. Market transaction costs and storage infrastructure negatively and positively influenced the probability of traders’ entry into the local and city markets, respectively. The quantity of produce transacted increased and decreased the likelihood of entry into the local and city markets. Access to credit and informal credit sources increased and decreased the likelihood of entering the city market, respectively. Membership to informal trader associations increased the probability of entering the city market. Thus, institutions, markets and road infrastructure are critical to enhancing intermediary traders’ participation in the local and city groundnut markets.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"264 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1939743
Moses Kakungulu, M. Isabirye, K. T. Akoyi, Kaat Van Hoyweghen, L. Vranken, M. Maertens
ABSTRACT This paper provides evidence on the heterogeneous welfare implications of rural income portfolios in eastern Uganda. We use household survey data from two-panel rounds, and fixed and random effects estimation and quantile regressions to estimate average and heterogeneous effects. While the literature mostly focuses on either income diversification or participation in non-farm activities, we distinguish between income diversification, using the Simpson Index, and off-farm income generation. We use ex-post income and poverty measures as well as an ex-ante vulnerability measure to analyse welfare effects. We find that income diversification and non-farm income generation improve household income, and reduce poverty and vulnerability. We find that it is most beneficial for poorer households with less land assets to diversify their income portfolio, while moving out of agriculture is equally beneficial at all income levels and most beneficial for households with more human capital. We find that income diversification reduces vulnerability most strongly at high levels of diversification and low levels of income while non-farm income generation reduces vulnerability at lower levels of non-farm income and increases vulnerability at higher levels of non-farm income. Our results lead to nuanced findings that bring additional insights in the literature on structural transformation and rural development.
{"title":"Changing income portfolios and household welfare in rural Uganda","authors":"Moses Kakungulu, M. Isabirye, K. T. Akoyi, Kaat Van Hoyweghen, L. Vranken, M. Maertens","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1939743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1939743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper provides evidence on the heterogeneous welfare implications of rural income portfolios in eastern Uganda. We use household survey data from two-panel rounds, and fixed and random effects estimation and quantile regressions to estimate average and heterogeneous effects. While the literature mostly focuses on either income diversification or participation in non-farm activities, we distinguish between income diversification, using the Simpson Index, and off-farm income generation. We use ex-post income and poverty measures as well as an ex-ante vulnerability measure to analyse welfare effects. We find that income diversification and non-farm income generation improve household income, and reduce poverty and vulnerability. We find that it is most beneficial for poorer households with less land assets to diversify their income portfolio, while moving out of agriculture is equally beneficial at all income levels and most beneficial for households with more human capital. We find that income diversification reduces vulnerability most strongly at high levels of diversification and low levels of income while non-farm income generation reduces vulnerability at lower levels of non-farm income and increases vulnerability at higher levels of non-farm income. Our results lead to nuanced findings that bring additional insights in the literature on structural transformation and rural development.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"227 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1939743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1940222
Odile Mackett
ABSTRACT In the Botswana Labour Force Survey, agriculture was identified as the fastest growing employing industry with growth mainly driven by the entrance of women into the industry. As such, the purpose of the study was thus to investigate how the demographic profile of farm holders have changed in Botswana over time. Using Agricultural Survey Reports, the paper descriptively analyses changes in the gender and age composition of farm holders in Botswana. The study found that the industry has in fact employed a larger share of women, but that the movement of women into the industry was still largely dependent on those of men. This is evident in the fact that the share of married male and female farmers move in opposite directions. It also found that during times of distress women's share as farmers increased. The movement of men and women in the industry indicates that policies which have historically been geared towards the needs and characteristics of male farmers and their households may require gender mainstreaming to accommodate female farmers and their households. This paper opens up a debate around gendered social assistance which accommodates women not just as ordinary household members, but more specifically farmers.
{"title":"Female farm holding in Botswana's agriculture industry","authors":"Odile Mackett","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1940222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1940222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the Botswana Labour Force Survey, agriculture was identified as the fastest growing employing industry with growth mainly driven by the entrance of women into the industry. As such, the purpose of the study was thus to investigate how the demographic profile of farm holders have changed in Botswana over time. Using Agricultural Survey Reports, the paper descriptively analyses changes in the gender and age composition of farm holders in Botswana. The study found that the industry has in fact employed a larger share of women, but that the movement of women into the industry was still largely dependent on those of men. This is evident in the fact that the share of married male and female farmers move in opposite directions. It also found that during times of distress women's share as farmers increased. The movement of men and women in the industry indicates that policies which have historically been geared towards the needs and characteristics of male farmers and their households may require gender mainstreaming to accommodate female farmers and their households. This paper opens up a debate around gendered social assistance which accommodates women not just as ordinary household members, but more specifically farmers.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"317 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1940222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43159001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1937245
C. Kyei, M. Chitiga‐Mabugu
ABSTRACT Addressing the high levels of poverty and inequality in South Africa remains a central policy concern. In this regard, this paper uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) microsimulation approach to revisit the effects of taxing water pollution on poverty and inequality at the level of a river basin. We combined the commodity and factor price changes from a regional environmental CGE model, after introducing the water pollution tax, with household survey data from the 2012 National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) to explain the welfare impacts. The result shows that the tax policy will in general have adverse impacts in terms of welfare, poverty, and inequality. However, the tax policy coupled with a supply-side compensatory measure such as subsidising water pollution abatement has the potential to reduce regional poverty and inequality as well as improve the ecological status of the river. Our finding has policy implications for national and regional water resource managers.
{"title":"Welfare impacts of introducing water pollution tax in the Olifants river basin in South Africa: A revisited analysis using a top-down micro-accounting approach","authors":"C. Kyei, M. Chitiga‐Mabugu","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1937245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937245","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Addressing the high levels of poverty and inequality in South Africa remains a central policy concern. In this regard, this paper uses a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) microsimulation approach to revisit the effects of taxing water pollution on poverty and inequality at the level of a river basin. We combined the commodity and factor price changes from a regional environmental CGE model, after introducing the water pollution tax, with household survey data from the 2012 National Income Dynamics Survey (NIDS) to explain the welfare impacts. The result shows that the tax policy will in general have adverse impacts in terms of welfare, poverty, and inequality. However, the tax policy coupled with a supply-side compensatory measure such as subsidising water pollution abatement has the potential to reduce regional poverty and inequality as well as improve the ecological status of the river. Our finding has policy implications for national and regional water resource managers.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"253 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1937245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46576755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1908155
B. Conradie, A. Genis, J. Greyling, J. Piesse
ABSTRACT An earlier study of district-level agricultural total factor productivity in the Western Cape province of South Africa Conradie et al. (2009a, b) is extended to include eleven Northern Cape districts that in combination make up the Karoo. Tornqvist Theil total factor productivity (TFP) indices are calculated using accounting data from 10 years of the farm census between 1949/50 and 2001/2. The Northern Cape districts experienced the same general productivity decline as those of the Western Cape’s Central Karoo. Both parts of the broader Karoo region show a similar mean rate of decline. However, the reasons for this are different, with developments in irrigation systems a major factor.
{"title":"District-level agricultural total factor productivity for the Karoo, South Africa: 1952–2002","authors":"B. Conradie, A. Genis, J. Greyling, J. Piesse","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1908155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1908155","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 An earlier study of district-level agricultural total factor productivity in the Western Cape province of South Africa Conradie et al. (2009a, b) is extended to include eleven Northern Cape districts that in combination make up the Karoo. Tornqvist Theil total factor productivity (TFP) indices are calculated using accounting data from 10 years of the farm census between 1949/50 and 2001/2. The Northern Cape districts experienced the same general productivity decline as those of the Western Cape’s Central Karoo. Both parts of the broader Karoo region show a similar mean rate of decline. However, the reasons for this are different, with developments in irrigation systems a major factor.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"128 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1908155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1926298
Mengistie Mossie, Alemseged Gerezgiher, Z. Ayalew, Zerihun Nigussie
ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of participation in the fruit value chain on small-scale farmers' economic welfare in Ethiopia's Upper-Blue Nile Basin, focusing on apple and mango crops. This household economic welfare is measured by the consumption expenditure approach. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 384 households, 211 of which are fruit value chain participants and the rest are non-participants. The endogenous switching regression model was used to control for selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. The study finds that the more apple and mango farmers join the value chain, the higher their consumption expenditure becomes. On average, the apple and mango value chain participation increased household consumption expenditure by about 17% and 18.5%, respectively. Overall, the results indicate a positive economic welfare effect of small-scale farmer participation. Hence, supporting small-scale farmers is imperative and a reasonable policy approach to improve their economic welfare in rural Ethiopia.
{"title":"Welfare effects of small-scale farmers' participation in apple and mango value chains in Ethiopia","authors":"Mengistie Mossie, Alemseged Gerezgiher, Z. Ayalew, Zerihun Nigussie","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1926298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1926298","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of participation in the fruit value chain on small-scale farmers' economic welfare in Ethiopia's Upper-Blue Nile Basin, focusing on apple and mango crops. This household economic welfare is measured by the consumption expenditure approach. Primary data were collected from a random sample of 384 households, 211 of which are fruit value chain participants and the rest are non-participants. The endogenous switching regression model was used to control for selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. The study finds that the more apple and mango farmers join the value chain, the higher their consumption expenditure becomes. On average, the apple and mango value chain participation increased household consumption expenditure by about 17% and 18.5%, respectively. Overall, the results indicate a positive economic welfare effect of small-scale farmer participation. Hence, supporting small-scale farmers is imperative and a reasonable policy approach to improve their economic welfare in rural Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"192 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1926298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46015515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2021.1906286
S. Zantsi, J. Greyling
ABSTRACT South Africa’s land reform policy might succeed better if it had clear criteria for selecting beneficiaries for land redistribution. The National Development Plan identifies the intended beneficiaries and states how they should be selected, but implementation of the plan is haphazard. A 2019 report by the Presidency’s Land Reform and Agriculture Advisory Panel recommends that the beneficiary selection process be clear and transparent. In this paper, we respond to the report and expand on a proposal in the 2020 draft Beneficiary Selection Policy. Our study is based on a review of the relevant policies and the literature on beneficiary selection, and a profile of 833 potential land redistribution beneficiaries randomly selected from three provinces in South Africa. We highlight the flaws in the existing selection methods. Building on the suggestion of Vink and Kirsten (2019) of a tender or job application process, we suggest improvements we suggest improvements that could reduce inefficiencies and make the selection process inclusive and transparent.
{"title":"Land redistribution in South Africa’s land reform policy: a better way to select beneficiaries","authors":"S. Zantsi, J. Greyling","doi":"10.1080/03031853.2021.1906286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2021.1906286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Africa’s land reform policy might succeed better if it had clear criteria for selecting beneficiaries for land redistribution. The National Development Plan identifies the intended beneficiaries and states how they should be selected, but implementation of the plan is haphazard. A 2019 report by the Presidency’s Land Reform and Agriculture Advisory Panel recommends that the beneficiary selection process be clear and transparent. In this paper, we respond to the report and expand on a proposal in the 2020 draft Beneficiary Selection Policy. Our study is based on a review of the relevant policies and the literature on beneficiary selection, and a profile of 833 potential land redistribution beneficiaries randomly selected from three provinces in South Africa. We highlight the flaws in the existing selection methods. Building on the suggestion of Vink and Kirsten (2019) of a tender or job application process, we suggest improvements we suggest improvements that could reduce inefficiencies and make the selection process inclusive and transparent.","PeriodicalId":55541,"journal":{"name":"Agrekon","volume":"60 1","pages":"108 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03031853.2021.1906286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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