Agrekon最新文献

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Total factor productivity growth in livestock production in Botswana: what is the role of scale and mix efficiency change in beef production? 博茨瓦纳畜牧业生产的全要素生产率增长:牛肉生产中规模和混合效率变化的作用是什么?

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2156899

O. Temoso, John N. Ng’ombe, S. Bahta, D. Hadley

ABSTRACT It is well established that improving livestock productivity has the potential to boost food security, income, and employment for rural communities. While the technical efficiency of the livestock sector has been extensively studied in both developing and developed countries, few studies have analysed total factor productivity (TFP) and its components (technical change, technical, scale, and mix efficiency changes). To fill this gap this study specifically analyses the TFP growth of 26 beef cattle producing districts in Botswana using the Färe-Primont index. This index does not only allow us to understand how TFP varies amongst the districts but also how it has changed over time (between 2007 and 2014) as well as examining what has been driving that change. We also employ a feasible generalised least squares estimator for panel data to identify sources of productivity and efficiency growth. Results show that livestock TFP increased during the study period, and that this was driven by technological change, whilst efficiency change (TFPE) decreased. Further, we found that the decline in scale-and mix efficiency change (OSME) was largely responsible for the slowdown of TFPE, with a relatively smaller decline in technical efficiency change (OTE) also contributing. Districts with foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks and restricted access to export markets had lower TFP growth whilst proximity to livestock advisory centres (LAC), off-farm income, education and herd size were shown to enhance productivity and efficiency growth.

众所周知，提高畜牧业生产力有可能促进农村社区的粮食安全、收入和就业。虽然发展中国家和发达国家都对畜牧业的技术效率进行了广泛的研究，但很少有研究分析了全要素生产率(TFP)及其组成部分(技术变化、技术、规模和混合效率变化)。为了填补这一空白，本研究使用Färe-Primont指数具体分析了博茨瓦纳26个肉牛产区的全要素生产率增长。该指数不仅可以让我们了解各地区的全要素生产率如何变化，还可以了解其随时间(2007年至2014年)的变化情况，并研究推动这种变化的因素。我们还对面板数据采用了可行的广义最小二乘估计，以确定生产率和效率增长的来源。结果表明，研究期间家畜TFP呈上升趋势，且主要受技术变化驱动，而效率变化(TFPE)呈下降趋势。此外，我们发现规模和混合效率变化(OSME)的下降是导致TFPE放缓的主要原因，技术效率变化(OTE)的下降也有相对较小的贡献。发生口蹄疫暴发和出口市场准入受限的地区，全要素生产率增长较低，而靠近畜牧咨询中心、非农收入、教育和畜群规模则可提高生产率和效率增长。

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引用次数: 2

Technological differences in South African sheep production: a stochastic meta-frontier analysis 南非绵羊生产的技术差异：随机元前沿分析

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2149577

N. Matthews, B. Conradie, J. Piesse

ABSTRACT This study compared four South African sheep producing districts relative to each other and a common metafrontier to analyse within and between group efficiency and explored what could be learnt from this technique compared to simple frontiers. A sample was compiled from sources that were previously successfully used in local benchmarking exercises, and despite very modest sample sizes at the group level and minimal information on how groups differ, the group models performed adequately while the meta-model performed very well. The results revealed that while within group performances were comparable across districts, there were huge differences in between group performance. These differences are partly attributable to natural resource endowments, but institutional arrangements also contribute significantly to local success. This suggests that to achieve rural regeneration public–private partnerships are necessary to address this issue. State support is insufficient and producer organisations have a major role in promoting institutional innovation.

本研究比较了南非四个产羊区和一个共同的元前沿区，分析了群体内部和群体之间的效率，并探讨了与简单前沿区相比，可以从这种技术中学到什么。样本是从以前在当地基准测试中成功使用的资源中编译的，尽管在群体层面上的样本量非常小，关于群体差异的信息也很少，但群体模型表现良好，而元模型表现良好。结果显示，虽然组内表现在地区之间具有可比性，但组间表现存在巨大差异。这些差异部分归因于自然资源禀赋，但体制安排也对地方的成功作出重大贡献。这表明，要实现农村再生，必须建立公私伙伴关系来解决这一问题。国家支持不足，生产者组织在促进制度创新方面发挥着重要作用。

引用次数: 0

Can farmers' climate change adaptation strategies ensure their food security? Evidence from Ethiopia. 农民的气候变化适应战略能否确保他们的粮食安全？来自埃塞俄比亚的证据

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2230959

Girma Gezimu Gebre, Yuichiro Amekawa, Aneteneh Ashebir

Climate change poses a significant threat to the sustainability of agricultural production among smallholder farm households in Ethiopia. To reduce the adverse effects of climate risks, farm households have sought to adopt different adaptation strategies. This study investigates factors influencing farm households' choice of climate adaptation strategies and associated effects on their food security in Ethiopia using data collected from 516 farm households from three regions. A multivariate probit and propensity score matching models were used to analyze data. Major adaptation strategies adopted by the farm households in the study area are planting drought-tolerant crop varieties (60%), changing the planting dates (53%), growing diversified crops (49%), and diversifying the sources of household income (45%). Results suggest that older farm household heads are more likely to use drought-tolerant crop varieties to reduce climate risks. Farm households with larger farmland size and those with more years of experience in farming are more likely to use drought-tolerant crop varieties and crop diversification strategies. Farm households with larger family size are more likely to use crop and income diversification strategies and change the planting dates against the backdrop of a high risk of climatic shocks. Membership in input supply cooperatives, frequency of contact with extension agents, and access to information on expected rainfall and temperature are positively associated with different adaptation practices adopted by farm households. Farm households who have adopted climate adaptation strategies have higher food security status (by 2.3-2.8%) compared to those who have not. Thus, the farm households' climate adaptation practices have positive food security effects in Ethiopia.

摘要气候变化对埃塞俄比亚小农户农业生产的可持续性构成重大威胁。为了减少气候风险的不利影响，农户寻求采取不同的适应策略。本研究利用从三个地区516个农户收集的数据，调查了影响埃塞俄比亚农户选择气候适应战略的因素及其对粮食安全的相关影响。使用多变量probit和倾向得分匹配模型来分析数据。研究区农户采取的主要适应策略是种植耐旱作物品种（60%）、改变种植日期（53%）、种植多样化作物（49%）和家庭收入来源多样化（45%）。研究结果表明，年长的农场户主更有可能使用耐旱作物品种来降低气候风险。农田面积较大的农户和有多年农业经验的农户更有可能使用耐旱作物品种和作物多样化战略。家庭规模较大的农户更有可能使用作物和收入多样化战略，并在气候冲击风险较高的背景下改变种植日期。投入供应合作社的成员资格、与推广机构接触的频率以及获得预期降雨量和温度信息的机会与农户采取的不同适应做法呈正相关。与没有采取气候适应战略的农户相比，采取气候适应策略的农户的粮食安全状况更高（2.3-2.8%）。因此，农户的气候适应做法对埃塞俄比亚的粮食安全产生了积极影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of agricultural technology transfer on Zimbabwe’s economic development: a dynamic global trade analysis project approach 农业技术转让对津巴布韦经济发展的影响:一个动态的全球贸易分析项目方法

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2149576

R. H. Jonga, H. Delin, Courage Masona, C. Belford

ABSTRACT Since 2000, Zimbabwe’s agricultural output has fluctuated despite the transfer of agricultural technology by various organisations and international partners. The low output response to technology transfer is attributed to the twin problems of lack of access and adoption of technology, which are largely explained by weak institutions, financial constraints, skill and knowledge deficiency, and poor rural infrastructure. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the effect of agricultural technology transfer on economic development using a dynamic Global Trade Analysis Project model for the reference year 2011. The study results indicated that economic performance improves when quality fertilisers, certified seeds, and machinery from other countries are used more intensively. Thus, policy interventions are required that enhance credit extension, roads, capital equipment, and good institutions such as property rights that incentivise farmers to adopt and invest in technology.

自2000年以来，尽管各种组织和国际合作伙伴转让了农业技术，津巴布韦的农业产量仍在波动。对技术转让的低产出反应归因于缺乏获取和采用技术的双重问题，这在很大程度上是由制度薄弱、财政限制、技能和知识缺乏以及农村基础设施差造成的。因此，本研究的目的是利用2011年参考年的动态全球贸易分析项目模型来评估农业技术转让对经济发展的影响。研究结果表明，如果更多地使用来自其他国家的优质肥料、认证种子和机械，经济效益就会提高。因此，需要采取政策干预措施，加强信贷、道路、资本设备和良好的制度，如产权，以激励农民采用和投资技术。

引用次数: 0

Potential improvement in the performance of dairy farms in South Africa 南非奶牛场业绩的潜在改善

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2127810

David Beca

ABSTRACT Over 2003–2021, the pasture harvested on South African pasture-based dairy farms increased markedly. This increased production and consumption of pasture has helped to reduce the cost of producing milk in South Africa relative to dairying in other countries and delivered comparatively high levels of profit. National milk production has grown steadily. Over this same time, pasture as a proportion of the total diet of dairy herds has decreased significantly: supplements make up the major share of the diet. This change to dairy herd diets puts upward pressure on the average cost of feeding the herd and on the cost of production. The focus of this paper is on whether dairy farmers would be better off if they significantly increased the proportion of pasture in the total diet of their herds and relied less on supplementary feed. It is shown that progressively increasing the pasture component and proportion in the diet of dairy herds, from an industry average of 41% to 57%, could increase profit. Results were a 26% increase in profit (return on capital), a 59% increase in profit margin per litre, and a 7% decrease in cost of production per litre. If this change in production system to increased use of pasture and less use of supplementary feeds was replicated across the entire South African pasture-based dairy industry, farmers in the industry would be significantly more profitable and their businesses would be more resilient than under the current feeding regimes that are used.

2003-2021年，南非牧场型奶牛场的牧场收获量显著增加。与其他国家相比，牧草产量和消费量的增加有助于降低南非的牛奶生产成本，并带来相对较高的利润水平。全国牛奶产量稳步增长。与此同时，牧草在奶牛群总日粮中所占的比例显著下降:补品占日粮的主要份额。这种对奶牛群日粮的改变给奶牛群的平均饲养成本和生产成本带来了上行压力。本文的重点是，如果奶农显著提高牧场在其畜群总日粮中的比例，减少对补充饲料的依赖，他们是否会过得更好。结果表明，逐步增加奶牛群饲粮中牧草成分和比例，从行业平均水平的41%提高到57%，可以增加利润。结果是利润(资本回报率)增加了26%，每升利润率增加了59%，每升生产成本降低了7%。如果这种生产系统的变化，即增加牧场的使用和减少补充饲料的使用，在整个南非牧场乳制品行业得到复制，那么该行业的农民将获得更大的利润，他们的业务将比目前使用的喂养制度更具弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Do youth farmers benefit from participating in contract farming? Evidence from French beans youth farmers in Arusha, Tanzania 青年农民从参与合同农业中受益吗？坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙年轻农民种植蚕豆的证据

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2099917

M. E. Marwa, Julius Manda

ABSTRACT Contract farming (CF) is often seen as a system that enhances production efficiency leading to increased agricultural productivity and improved farmer livelihoods. However, there is a conflict in the literature on its impact on young farmers who are involved in farming in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper evaluates the impacts of CF on crop yield, crop and household income among the youth farmers involved in French bean farming in Tanzania using cross-sectional data of 273 households. The study employs an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model that accounts for observed and unobserved factors to estimate the impact of CF. Further, the propensity score matching (PSM) model is used to check the robustness of ESR results. The results indicate that 162 farmers had contracts and French bean yields and incomes significantly increased with CF. Specifically, the empirical results reveal that CF leads to a gain of 17%, 34% and 37.5% in the yield, crop income and household income. Participation and impact of contract farming differed according to different socio-economic/institutional variables, such as access to extension services.

合同农业通常被视为一种提高生产效率、提高农业生产力和改善农民生计的制度。然而，关于其对撒哈拉以南非洲参与农业的年轻农民的影响，文献中存在冲突。本文利用273户家庭的横断面数据，评估了CF对坦桑尼亚参与蚕豆种植的青年农民的作物产量、作物和家庭收入的影响。该研究采用了内生转换回归（ESR）模型，该模型考虑了观察到的和未观察到的因素来估计CF的影响。此外，倾向得分匹配（PSM）模型用于检查ESR结果的稳健性。结果表明，162名农民签订了合同，随着CF的增加，蚕豆产量和收入显著增加。具体而言，经验结果表明，CF使产量、作物收入和家庭收入分别增加了17%、34%和37.5%。合同农业的参与程度和影响因不同的社会经济/体制变量而不同，例如获得推广服务的机会。

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引用次数: 3

Factors affecting adoption of technical, organisational and institutional dairy innovations in selected milksheds in Kenya 影响肯尼亚选定奶牛场采用技术、组织和制度创新的因素

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2090972

E. Wairimu, J. Mburu, A. Ndambi, C. Gachuiri

ABSTRACT Technical dairy innovations (TDI), such as improved cow feeding, health management and genetic improvement, could boost milk production. At the same time, organisational and institutional dairy innovations (OIDI), including group milk sales, feed and credit access, could boost dairy supply chain efficiency. This study examined the TDI adoption determinants and the OIDI adoption intensity. Data were collected from 1146 farmers (410, 382 and 354 in the milksheds of Mukurweini Wakulima Dairy Limited [MWDL], Happy Cow Limited [HCL] and New Kenya Co-operative Creameries [NKCC], respectively) and analysed using a double hurdle model. Access to credit positively influenced the TDI adoption in the three milksheds. Adoption of TDI was influenced by hired employees, dairy records, total dairy cows and household head education. The empirical evidence from the study supports the observation that OIDI adoption intensity is influenced by income, farm size, dairy records, and dairy information access. To boost TDI adoption, the dairy development partners should link cooperative society members with agricultural credit lenders. Additionally, the dissemination of dairy information to farmers by the dairy stakeholders could spur TDI adoption, while providing dairy information and training farmers on dairy record keeping should be promoted to boost TDI and OIDI adoption.

乳品技术创新(TDI)，如改进奶牛饲养、健康管理和基因改良，可以提高牛奶产量。与此同时，组织和制度的乳制品创新(OIDI)，包括集团牛奶销售、饲料和信贷获取，可以提高乳制品供应链的效率。本研究考察了TDI采用的决定因素和OIDI采用强度。从1146名农民(分别为Mukurweini Wakulima Dairy Limited [MWDL]、Happy Cow Limited [HCL]和New Kenya Co-operative Creameries [NKCC]的奶棚里的410、382和354名农民)中收集数据，并使用双栏模型进行分析。获得信贷对三个牛棚采用TDI有积极影响。采用TDI受雇佣员工、奶牛记录、奶牛总数和户主教育的影响。本研究的经验证据支持OIDI采用强度受收入、农场规模、乳制品记录和乳制品信息获取的影响。为了促进TDI的采用，奶业发展伙伴应将合作社成员与农业信贷机构联系起来。此外，乳品利益相关者向农民传播乳品信息可以促进TDI的采用，同时应促进乳品信息的提供和对农民进行乳品记录保存方面的培训，以促进TDI和OIDI的采用。

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引用次数: 1

Food loss and waste in maize in Mozambique and its economic impacts: a system dynamics assessment approach 莫桑比克玉米粮食损失和浪费及其经济影响:系统动力学评估方法

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2094976

Meizal Popat, O. Cacho, G. Griffith, S. Mounter

ABSTRACT Food loss and waste are of global concern. In developing countries like Mozambique, it seems to be a major issue at the upstream end of supply chains, which is also regarded as postharvest losses (PHL). In this study, PHL is analysed in the context of maize in Mozambique, which is the most important crop in that country. The analysis focuses on empirically testing a simulation modelling approach for determining the short and mid-run economic impacts of PHL. A system dynamics model is applied. This model acknowledges climate, management, and domestic and regional marketing related factors as major drivers of PHL. A novel result from this study suggests climate related factors as the cause of a systematic amount of PHL at about 70,000 tons per year. However, marketing forces also play an important role to explain the overall PHL, particularly in periods domestic production increases sharply. The impact of potential interventions in the value chain are also tested.

摘要粮食损失和浪费是全球关注的问题。在莫桑比克等发展中国家，这似乎是供应链上游的一个主要问题，也被视为采后损失（PHL）。在本研究中，PHL是在莫桑比克玉米的背景下进行分析的，玉米是该国最重要的作物。该分析侧重于实证检验用于确定PHL的短期和中期经济影响的模拟建模方法。应用了系统动力学模型。该模型承认气候、管理以及国内和地区营销相关因素是PHL的主要驱动因素。这项研究的一个新结果表明，气候相关因素是每年约70000吨PHL系统数量的原因。然而，营销力量在解释总体PHL方面也发挥着重要作用，尤其是在国内产量急剧增长的时期。还测试了价值链中潜在干预措施的影响。

引用次数: 0

Socioeconomic inequalities in household resilience capacity in the context of COVID-19 in the fisheries sector in Malawi 新冠肺炎背景下马拉维渔业部门家庭抵御能力方面的社会经济不平等

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2095291

G. Chirwa, L. Chiwaula

ABSTRACT Malawi relies on fish as a source of protein, and the fisheries sector employs many individuals. The COVID-19 shock has affected the fisheries sector. The current study measured household resilience in the fisheries sector. We collected primary data from 405 respondents. We used TANGO International's resilience capacity indices (RCI) and concentration indices (CI) to measure resilience and assess the inequality in the household resilience among fish value chain actors, respectively. Our findings show that the lowest average resilience capacities index (RCI = 31.14; p < 0.001) was among households in the lowest income quintile, and the highest resilience capacities index (RCI = 59.74; p <0.001) among the highest wealth category. Regarding inequality in resilience, an overall positive concentration index (CI = 0.12; p <0.001) was found. This means that wealthier households are likely to be more resilient than less wealthy households. In terms of policy, the government may consider extending the urban COVID-19 cash transfers to poor households in fishing communities.

摘要马拉维依赖鱼类作为蛋白质来源，渔业部门雇佣了许多人。新冠肺炎冲击影响了渔业部门。目前的研究衡量了渔业部门的家庭复原力。我们收集了405名受访者的初步数据。我们使用TANGO International的恢复力能力指数（RCI）和集中度指数（CI）来衡量恢复力，并分别评估鱼类价值链参与者之间家庭恢复力的不平等。我们的研究结果表明，平均恢复能力指数最低（RCI=31.14；p<0.001）的家庭属于收入最低的五分之一家庭，而恢复能力指数最高（RCI＝59.74；p<001）的家庭则属于财富最高的类别。关于恢复力的不平等，发现总体正集中指数（CI=0.12；p<0.001）。这意味着富裕家庭可能比不太富裕的家庭更有弹性。在政策方面，政府可能会考虑将城市新冠肺炎现金转移扩大到渔业社区的贫困家庭。

引用次数: 0

Rainfall variability and alternative technology adoption: evidence from Ethiopia 降雨变异性和替代技术的采用：来自埃塞俄比亚的证据

IF 1.3 4区经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY

Agrekon

Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2073242

D. Gelo

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effects of rainfall variability on agricultural input demand while controlling for risk preference and other covariates. For the empirical analysis, rural household survey data, which was matched with rainfall variability data and experimentally generated measures of risk preference, was used. The results show that increased rainfall variability prompts households to reduce the application of productivity-enhancing inputs, such as fertiliser, but bolsters the application of low-risk inputs such as manure. These results are robust to alternative specifications and support the theoretical predictions developed. The findings suggest the following policy implications for chemical fertiliser use among risk-averse smallholder farmers in areas characterized by rainfall variability. First, developing more weather-resilient crop varieties and irrigation could stimulate higher use of chemical fertiliser by producing more stable yields. Secondly, weather index insurance (WII) could incentivize higher chemical fertiliser use by reducing income risk and easing liquidity constraints. Thirdly, social protection such as cash transfer programmes could lead to a higher use of chemical fertiliser by serving as insurance against income risks (i.e., through providing regular and predictable financial resources).

摘要本文在控制风险偏好和其他协变量的同时，研究了降雨变异性对农业投入需求的影响。在实证分析中，使用了农村家庭调查数据，该数据与降雨量变异性数据相匹配，并通过实验生成了风险偏好指标。结果表明，降雨量变异性的增加促使家庭减少使用化肥等提高生产力的投入，但支持使用粪肥等低风险投入。这些结果对替代规范是稳健的，并支持所开发的理论预测。研究结果表明，在降雨量变化较大的地区，规避风险的小农户使用化肥的政策影响如下。首先，开发更具耐候性的作物品种和灌溉可以通过产生更稳定的产量来刺激化肥的更多使用。其次，天气指数保险（WII）可以通过降低收入风险和缓解流动性约束来激励更多的化肥使用。第三，现金转移方案等社会保护可以作为收入风险的保险（即通过提供定期和可预测的财政资源），从而提高化肥的使用率。

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引用次数: 0

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