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Agricultural economics: a discipline in crisis? 农业经济学:一门处于危机中的学科?
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2186003
M. van der Merwe
ABSTRACT Agricultural economists have continuously raised questions about their role in the wider economy and society since the discipline's establishment. This led to continuous reinvention, development and stretching of the discipline's boundaries. We have seen the same critique by scholars in other disciplines; many of these evolved to thrive or regressed to die. This begs the question, is the agricultural economics discipline evolving and adapting to change or regressing and facing extinction? To answer this evolutionary question, I use the three key pillars that make up the hereditary material of a discipline as a conceptual framework: research, teaching and association. I use several data sets to diagnose the health of each of these pillars to ultimately comment on the health of the discipline. Our findings indicate the weakest pillar as the association. Although our research and teaching pillars are not as strong as we want them to be, we are in the process of reinforcement. In conclusion, the agricultural economics discipline is not in crisis, at least not yet. I also acknowledge that the emergence of crisis does not always lead to the end of a discipline, but it promotes educational reflection and reform to lead to disciplinary evolution.
农业经济学家自该学科成立以来,不断提出关于他们在更广泛的经济和社会中的作用的问题。这导致了学科边界的不断革新、发展和延伸。我们看到其他学科的学者也有同样的批评;其中许多进化得很好,或者退化到死亡。这就引出了一个问题,农业经济学学科是在进化和适应变化,还是在倒退和面临灭绝?为了回答这个进化问题,我使用构成学科遗传材料的三个关键支柱作为概念框架:研究、教学和联系。我使用了几个数据集来诊断每个支柱的健康状况,并最终对该学科的健康状况发表评论。我们的研究结果表明,最弱的支柱是协会。虽然我们的科研和教学支柱没有我们希望的那么强大,但我们正在加强。总之,农业经济学学科没有陷入危机,至少目前没有。我也承认,危机的出现并不总是导致一个学科的终结,但它促进了教育反思和改革,从而导致学科的演变。
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引用次数: 0
Economics of Agricultural Development: World Food Systems and Resource Use, 《农业发展经济学:世界粮食系统与资源利用》,
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2181831
F. Kitole
As recognized, adventure as well as experience practically lesson, amusement, as competently as concord can be gotten by just checking out a ebook economics of agricultural development world food systems and resource use routledge textbooks in environmental and agricultural economics after that it is not directly done, you could take on even more something like this life, something like the world.
正如人们所认识到的那样,只要看看一本关于农业发展的电子书《世界粮食系统经济学》和环境与农业经济学中的资源使用路线教科书,就可以获得冒险以及实践经验——课程、娱乐和和谐,类似世界的东西。
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引用次数: 13
Drivers of rural households’ food insecurity in Ethiopia: a comprehensive approach of calorie intake and food consumption score 埃塞俄比亚农村家庭粮食不安全的驱动因素:热量摄入和粮食消费得分的综合方法
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2180041
Million Sileshi, S. Sieber, Teshome Lejissa, D. Ndyetabula
ABSTRACT Most food insecurity studies in developing countries, including Ethiopia, use a single food security indicator to determine the food insecurity status, thus overlooking the multidimensional nature of food security. Using cross-sectional data collected from 408 households in three districts of East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia, this study combined two food security indicators namely calorie intake and Food Consumption Score (FCS) so as to gain more insights on the multidimensional nature of food security and to categorise households into different food insecurity groups. The study further sought to identify factors influencing the households’ food insecurity status. The research findings based respectively on the per capita calorie intake and the FCS indicate that 36.03 and 49.02 percent of the sampled households were food insecure. However, the findings reveal that when the two indicators were combined, 22.06 and 40.93 percent of the households were completely food insecure and transitory food insecure respectively. These findings also suggest that the 40.93 percent (26.96 and 13.97 percent) of households categorised as food secure based on single indicators (i.e., per capita calorie intake and FCS respectively) was unrealistic. Furthermore, findings from the bivariate probit model indicate that food insecurity incidences decreased with the adoption of soil and water conservation, access to irrigation, livestock, access to fertilisers, and household income. It increased with the age of the household head, the household size, and the coping strategy index. Therefore, policies and strategies combating food insecurity should consider a combination of food security indicators.
摘要包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发展中国家的大多数粮食不安全研究都使用单一的粮食安全指标来确定粮食不安全状况,从而忽视了粮食安全的多层面性质。本研究利用从埃塞俄比亚东哈拉尔吉地区三个区的408户家庭收集的横断面数据,结合了两个粮食安全指标,即卡路里摄入量和粮食消费得分,以深入了解粮食安全的多维性质,并将家庭分为不同的粮食不安全群体。该研究进一步试图确定影响家庭粮食不安全状况的因素。分别基于人均卡路里摄入量和FCS的研究结果表明,36.03%和49.02%的抽样家庭粮食不安全。然而,调查结果显示,当这两个指标结合在一起时,22.06%和40.93%的家庭分别处于完全粮食不安全和暂时粮食不安全状态。这些发现还表明,根据单一指标(即人均卡路里摄入量和FCS)将40.93%(26.96%和13.97%)的家庭归类为粮食安全家庭是不现实的。此外,双变量probit模型的研究结果表明,随着水土保持、灌溉、牲畜、化肥和家庭收入的采用,粮食不安全发生率下降。它随着户主年龄、家庭规模和应对策略指数的增加而增加。因此,应对粮食不安全的政策和战略应考虑将粮食安全指标结合起来。
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引用次数: 1
Economic and environmental comparison of conventional and conservation agriculture in South African wheat production 南非小麦生产中传统农业和保护性农业的经济和环境比较
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2169481
W. Mulimbi, L. Nalley, J. Strauss, Kristiina Ala-Kokko
ABSTRACT Global wheat yields must increase to meet current and rising global demand despite the increasing threats to production resulting from climate change. One climate change adaptation strategy in wheat production in the Western Cape of South Africa is conservation agriculture (CA). Using a data set of 1,043 plot-level wheat observations collected at Langgewens and Tygerhoek research farms from 2002 to 2020, this study conducts a stepwise Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to estimate the environmental and economic impacts of switching from conventional wheat production to CA’s zero tillage (zero-till) and no-tillage (no-till) systems. The results indicate that CA is more profitable and has a higher environmental efficiency, than conventional tillage wheat production. In Langgewens, zero-till and no-till are respectively 113% and 55% more efficient than conventional tillage when comparing the environmental impact of producing one kg of wheat. Findings also suggest that, compared to 100% conventional tillage wheat production, the adoption of CA systems has led to reductions in environmental damage valued between R269.2 and R402.5 million in the Western Cape.
摘要:尽管气候变化对生产的威胁越来越大,但全球小麦产量必须提高,以满足当前和不断增长的全球需求。南非西开普省小麦生产中的一项气候变化适应战略是保护性农业。本研究使用2002年至2020年在Langgewens和Tygerhoek研究农场收集的1043个地块级小麦观测数据集,进行了逐步生命周期评估(LCA),以评估从传统小麦生产转向CA的免耕(免耕)和免耕(免耕)系统对环境和经济的影响。结果表明,与传统的小麦耕作生产相比,CA更有利可图,环境效率更高。在Langgewens,当比较生产一公斤小麦的环境影响时,免耕和免耕的效率分别比传统耕作高113%和55%。研究结果还表明,与100%的传统耕作小麦生产相比,CA系统的采用减少了西开普省6.92亿至4.025亿兰特的环境破坏。
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引用次数: 0
Access to mutual labour support in agriculture: Implications for maize productivity and efficiency of farmers in northern Ghana 在农业中获得相互劳动支持:对加纳北部农民玉米生产力和效率的影响
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2156898
M. T. Cobbinah, G. Danso-Abbeam, A. Ogundeji
ABSTRACT Access to cheap labour affects Ghanaian smallholder farmers significantly. Such access can be enhanced through mutual labour support. However, it has become necessary to explore how this form of collective action affects farmers’ productivity and efficiency. In this study, the impact of access to mutual labour support on productivity and technical efficiency was estimated using data collected from 592 smallholder maize farmers in Northern Ghana. The study uses a translog stochastic production frontier model, while accounting for sample selection bias that may emanate from both observable and unobservable household characteristics. Farmers with access to mutual labour support are significantly more productive and technically efficient than those without, with mean technical efficiency in the range of 0.62–0.71 for farmers with access to mutual labour support and 0.55–0.60 for those without access. Sex, education, spraying machine ownership, farm size, extension visits, access to credit, and membership of farmer-based organisation are significant determinants of access to mutual labour support. Policies to help farmer groups and extension agents promote mutual labour support accessibility among farmers are recommended.
获得廉价劳动力对加纳小农影响很大。这种机会可以通过相互劳动支持来加强。然而,有必要探讨这种形式的集体行动如何影响农民的生产力和效率。在本研究中,利用从加纳北部592名玉米小农收集的数据,估计了获得相互劳动支持对生产力和技术效率的影响。该研究使用了一个超对数随机生产前沿模型,同时考虑了可能由可观察和不可观察的家庭特征产生的样本选择偏差。获得相互劳动支持的农民的生产效率和技术效率显著高于没有获得相互劳动支持的农民,获得相互劳动支持的农民的平均技术效率在0.62-0.71之间,而无法获得相互劳动支持的农民的平均技术效率在0.55-0.60之间。性别、教育、喷雾机所有权、农场规模、推广访问、获得信贷的机会以及农民组织的成员资格是获得相互劳动支持的重要决定因素。建议制定政策,帮助农民团体和推广机构促进农民之间的相互劳动支持。
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引用次数: 1
Farm size and productivity: smallholder dairy production in Eswatini 农场规模和生产力:斯瓦蒂尼的小农乳制品生产
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2176896
J. Greyling, Bandile Banele Mdluli, B. Conradie
ABSTRACT In response to the 2015 paper by Henderson published In Journal of Agricultural Economics, this case study of dairy farmers in Eswatini, this case study of dairy farmers in Eswatini tests the explanatory power of two hypotheses to explain the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity. To this end, we fit a stochastic frontier production function with inefficiency effects. We find that dairy farmers who use hired labour are significantly less efficient than those who use own and family labour. This supports the labour market imperfections hypothesis. To test the technical efficiency hypothesis, we segment our sample into small, medium and large farmers based on the number of cows in milk. We find that small farmers are the most efficient (78.5%), followed by medium (75.9%) and large (75.1%) farmers, but the differences are not statistically significant. This supports Henderson's finding that differences in efficiency affect productivity but not enough to disqualify labour market imperfections as the principal explanation for the inverse relationship.
为了回应亨德森2015年发表在《农业经济学杂志》上的论文,本文对斯瓦蒂尼的奶农进行了案例研究,对斯瓦蒂尼的奶农进行了案例研究,检验了两个假设的解释力,以解释农场规模与生产力之间的反比关系。为此,我们拟合了一个具有无效率效应的随机前沿生产函数。我们发现,使用雇佣劳动力的奶农的效率明显低于那些使用自己和家庭劳动力的奶农。这支持了劳动力市场不完善假说。为了检验技术效率假设,我们根据产奶奶牛的数量将样本分为小型、中型和大型农场主。我们发现,小农的效率最高(78.5%),其次是中型农户(75.9%)和大型农户(75.1%),但差异不具有统计学意义。这支持了亨德森的发现,即效率差异影响生产率,但不足以取消劳动力市场不完善作为反向关系的主要解释的资格。
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引用次数: 0
Taking stock of gender gaps in crop production technology adoption and technical efficiency in Ghana 评估加纳在作物生产技术采用和技术效率方面的性别差距
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2022.2150664
A. A. Adaku, Francis Tsiboe, J. Clottey
ABSTRACT There is a strong linkage between agricultural performance and economic growth in developing countries. However, the gain from agriculture disproportionately trickles down to the poor which can be partly reduced by addressing gender differences in production. Historically, the validity of gender statistics has been questioned as the way researchers and policymakers describe gender differences also affects how they perceive and address them. Amid these antecedents, we apply a meta-stochastic frontier to pooled cross-sectional population-based surveys that represent three decades (1987–2017) of the production history for twelve crops in Ghana to assess the dynamics of gender gaps in technology gaps and technical efficiency (TE). Results indicate that female farmers exhibit technology gap and TE scores of 25 and 76% while their male counterparts exhibit scores of 20 and 73%. The TE gap of 4% against male farmers has remained relatively steady over the three decades while the technology adoption gap against females has reduced from 18% in 1997/98 to 3% in 2016/17. All farmers operate at 60% of the potential possible given the overall crop production technology in Ghana. Over the three decades, the estimated crop production gap of 5.94% against females shifted to a gap estimated at 9.24% against males.
摘要发展中国家的农业表现与经济增长之间有着密切的联系。然而,农业的收益不成比例地流向了穷人,通过解决生产中的性别差异,可以部分减少贫困。从历史上看,性别统计数据的有效性一直受到质疑,因为研究人员和政策制定者描述性别差异的方式也会影响他们对性别差异的看法和解决方式。在这些前因中,我们将元随机前沿应用于代表加纳12种作物三十年(1987-2017)生产历史的基于人口的横断面汇总调查,以评估技术差距和技术效率(TE)中的性别差距动态。结果表明,女性农民的技术差距和TE得分分别为25%和76%,而男性农民的得分分别为20%和73%。三十年来,与男性农民4%的TE差距保持相对稳定,而与女性农民的技术采用差距已从1997/98年的18%降至2016/17年的3%。考虑到加纳的整体作物生产技术,所有农民都以60%的潜力运营。在过去的三十年里,估计作物产量与女性的差距为5.94%,而与男性的差距为9.24%。
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引用次数: 2
Wheat productivity in the Cape Colony in 1825: evidence from newly transcribed tax censuses 1825年开普殖民地的小麦产量:来自新近记录的税务普查的证据
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2176895
J. Fourie, J. Greyling
ABSTRACT We calculate, for the first time, farm-level wheat productivity for Cape Colony settler farmers in 1825. We can do so because we now have access to a fully transcribed tax census for that year. Although there is some variation in wheat productivity across the Colony, probably a result of the varying environmental factors, we find much larger variation within districts. We perform various tests to explain this large variation. We find, surprisingly, that slave labour has no explanatory power. Khoe labour, however, helps to differentiate farmers according to their productivity.
摘要本文首次计算了1825年开普殖民地移民农民的农场小麦产量。我们可以这样做,因为我们现在可以获得当年的完整的税务普查记录。虽然整个殖民地的小麦产量有一些差异,可能是不同环境因素的结果,但我们发现地区内的差异要大得多。我们进行了各种测试来解释这种巨大的差异。令人惊讶的是,我们发现奴隶劳动没有解释力。然而,农活有助于根据生产率区分农民。
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引用次数: 0
Productivity growth and the role of mechanisation in African agriculture 生产力增长和机械化在非洲农业中的作用
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2176894
O. Kirui, Lukas Kornher, Maksud Beckchanov
ABSTRACT This paper compares agricultural productivity growth, specifically, the impact of agricultural mechanisation on total factor productivity and cereal yields, across African countries using contemporaneous and sequential Malmquist index approaches. Contemporaneous approach findings indicate that agricultural productivity grew by 1% annually over 1961–2014, while sequential technology measures show much higher growth of 1.7%. The highest growth rates were experienced since the 2000s due to technical progress. Regression analysis indicates that mechanisation, research and development, weather conditions, and population pressure influence African agricultural productivity. Climate-smart options to sustain crop yields in countries relying heavily on rain-fed agriculture are critical. The transfer of knowledge from countries with high-level productivity might enhance productivity in “laggard” countries.
摘要本文使用同期和序列Malmquist指数方法比较了非洲国家的农业生产率增长,特别是农业机械化对全要素生产率和谷物产量的影响。同期方法的研究结果表明,1961年至2014年,农业生产力每年增长1%,而连续的技术指标显示增长率要高得多,为1.7%。由于技术进步,2000年代以来的增长率最高。回归分析表明,机械化、研发、天气条件和人口压力影响非洲农业生产力。在严重依赖雨水灌溉农业的国家,维持作物产量的气候智能选择至关重要。从生产力高的国家转移知识可能会提高“落后”国家的生产力。
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引用次数: 0
The measurement of agricultural productivity in Africa 非洲农业生产力的测量
IF 1.3 4区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03031853.2023.2179720
J. Piesse, N. Vink
ABSTRACT Our purpose here is to provide an introduction to the set of papers in this Special Edition on “The measurement of agricultural productivity in Africa” and to draw lessons for further research.
摘要:我们在这里的目的是介绍本特刊中关于“非洲农业生产力的衡量”的论文集,并为进一步的研究吸取教训。
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引用次数: 0
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