Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102440
Transposable elements (TEs) are essential components of eukaryotic genomes and subject to stringent regulatory mechanisms to avoid their potentially deleterious effects. However, numerous studies have verified the resurrection of TEs, particularly long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), during preimplantation development, aging, cancer, and other age-related diseases. The LINE-1 family has also been implicated in several aging-related processes, including genomic instability, loss of heterochromatin, DNA methylation, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Additionally, the role of the LINE-1 family in cancer development has also been substantiated. Research in this field has offered valuable insights into the functional mechanisms underlying LINE-1 activity, enhancing our understanding of aging regulation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current findings on LINE-1 and their roles in aging and age-related diseases.
{"title":"LINE-1 transposable element renaissance in aging and age-related diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transposable elements (TEs) are essential components of eukaryotic genomes and subject to stringent regulatory mechanisms to avoid their potentially deleterious effects. However, numerous studies have verified the resurrection of TEs, particularly long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1), during preimplantation development, aging, cancer, and other age-related diseases. The LINE-1 family has also been implicated in several aging-related processes, including genomic instability, loss of heterochromatin, DNA methylation, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Additionally, the role of the LINE-1 family in cancer development has also been substantiated. Research in this field has offered valuable insights into the functional mechanisms underlying LINE-1 activity, enhancing our understanding of aging regulation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current findings on LINE-1 and their roles in aging and age-related diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102436
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) are well-known, yet their underlying causes remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that disruption of ion channels contribute to their pathogenesis. Among these channels, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, encoded by HCN1–4 genes, are of particular interest due to their role in generating hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih), which is crucial in various neural activities impacting memory and motor functions. A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of HCN in Aβ generation, glial cell function, and ischemia-induced dementia; while HCN is expressed in various regions of the basal ganglia, modulating their functions and influencing motor disorders in PD; neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation represents a shared pathological mechanism in both AD and PD, in which HCN also plays a significant part. This review delves into the neuronal functions governed by HCN, its roles in the aforementioned pathogenesis, its expression patterns in AD and PD, and discusses potential therapeutic drugs targeting HCN for the treatment of these diseases, aiming to offer a novel perspective and inspire future research endeavors.
{"title":"How do HCN channels play a part in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (AD and PD) are well-known, yet their underlying causes remain unclear. Recent studies have suggested that disruption of ion channels contribute to their pathogenesis. Among these channels, the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, encoded by HCN1–4 genes, are of particular interest due to their role in generating hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih), which is crucial in various neural activities impacting memory and motor functions. A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal role of HCN in Aβ generation, glial cell function, and ischemia-induced dementia; while HCN is expressed in various regions of the basal ganglia, modulating their functions and influencing motor disorders in PD; neuroinflammation triggered by microglial activation represents a shared pathological mechanism in both AD and PD, in which HCN also plays a significant part. This review delves into the neuronal functions governed by HCN, its roles in the aforementioned pathogenesis, its expression patterns in AD and PD, and discusses potential therapeutic drugs targeting HCN for the treatment of these diseases, aiming to offer a novel perspective and inspire future research endeavors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428
Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of autophagy for preserving cellular homeostasis, changes in, or dysfunction of, autophagy flux can lead to disease development. In the current paper, the complicated function of autophagy in aging-associated pathologies and cancer is evaluated, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms that can affect longevity and disease pathogenesis. As a natural biological process, a reduction in autophagy is observed with aging, resulting in an accumulation of cell damage and the development of different diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MTOR, AMPK, and ATG proteins demonstrate changes during aging, and they are promising therapeutic targets. Insulin/IGF1, TOR, PKA, AKT/PKB, caloric restriction and mitochondrial respiration are vital for lifespan regulation and can modulate or have an interaction with autophagy. The specific types of autophagy, such as mitophagy that degrades mitochondria, can regulate aging by affecting these organelles and eliminating those mitochondria with genomic mutations. Autophagy and its specific types contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis and they are able to dually enhance or decrease cancer progression. Cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance and immune reactions, are tightly regulated by autophagy, supporting the conclusion that autophagy is a promising target in cancer therapy.
{"title":"Autophagy in aging-related diseases and cancer: Principles, regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of autophagy for preserving cellular homeostasis, changes in, or dysfunction of, autophagy flux can lead to disease development. In the current paper, the complicated function of autophagy in aging-associated pathologies and cancer is evaluated, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms that can affect longevity and disease pathogenesis. As a natural biological process, a reduction in autophagy is observed with aging, resulting in an accumulation of cell damage and the development of different diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MTOR, AMPK, and ATG proteins demonstrate changes during aging, and they are promising therapeutic targets. Insulin/IGF1, TOR, PKA, AKT/PKB, caloric restriction and mitochondrial respiration are vital for lifespan regulation and can modulate or have an interaction with autophagy. The specific types of autophagy, such as mitophagy that degrades mitochondria, can regulate aging by affecting these organelles and eliminating those mitochondria with genomic mutations. Autophagy and its specific types contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis and they are able to dually enhance or decrease cancer progression. Cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance and immune reactions, are tightly regulated by autophagy, supporting the conclusion that autophagy is a promising target in cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102419
Background
Alcohol use is associated with a wide spectrum of neurological disorders, including cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Likewise, the high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia specifies the urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors. Because findings on alcohol and cognitive dysfunction and dementia have been inconsistent, the present dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and case control studies was conducted to evaluate the available evidence.
Method and materials
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar up to April, 2023. In the dose-response meta-analysis, a restricted cubic spline regression model was conducted to evaluate a possible non-linear relation between alcohol intake and the outcomes. Random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis and evaluate heterogeneity. Egger’s test and a funnel plot were used to assess small study effects. Subgroup analyses were carried out to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.
Results
Seventeen eligible studies comprising 80,680 total persons with 4929 cases for dementia and 13,530 total persons with 1579 cases for cognitive dysfunction were included for dose-response analysis. When compared to the reference group of 0 g/day of alcohol intake, the dose-response meta-analysis revealed a significant non-linear (J-shaped) association between alcohol intake and the risk of each of cognitive dysfunction, (lower dose range: 1–30.5 g/day, RR: 0.97; 95 % CI 0.95–0.99; higher dose range: >30.5 g/day, RR: 1.07; 95 % CI 1.01–1.15) and dementia (lower dose range: 1–17.5 g/day, RR: 0.92; 95 % CI 0.88–0.96, higher dose range: >17.5 g/day, RR: 1.23; 95 % CI 1.09–1.35). The lowest risk was achieved at approximately 30 g/day of alcohol for cognitive dysfunction and 15 g/day for dementia. The J-shape association remained with subgroups defined by age (≤65; >65 years) or study duration (<10; ≥10 years) for dementia, and within age >65 and duration <10 years for cognitive dysfunction.
Conclusion
We observed a J-shape association between alcohol consumption and both cognitive dysfunction and dementia, with light-to-moderate alcohol intake being associated with a reduced risk in adults. Further studies are needed to clarify more specifically the association between alcohol consumption and six domains of cognitive dysfunction based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) criteria.
背景:饮酒与认知功能障碍和痴呆症等多种神经系统疾病有关。同样,认知功能障碍和痴呆症的高发病率也说明迫切需要确定可改变的风险因素。由于有关酒精与认知功能障碍和痴呆症的研究结果并不一致,因此本研究对前瞻性队列研究进行了剂量反应荟萃分析,以评估现有证据:在PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Embase和PsychInfo数据库以及谷歌学术(Google Scholar)上进行了系统检索,检索时间截至2023年4月。在剂量反应荟萃分析中,采用了限制性三次样条回归模型来评估酒精摄入量与结果之间可能存在的非线性关系。随机效应模型用于进行荟萃分析和评估异质性。Egger检验和漏斗图用于评估小规模研究效应。还进行了分组分析,以探讨异质性的可能来源:剂量反应分析共纳入了 17 项符合条件的研究,包括 80,680 人(其中 4,929 人患有痴呆症)和 13,530 人(其中 1579 人患有认知功能障碍)。1-30.5克/天,RR:0.97;95% CI 0.95-0.99;较高剂量范围:>30.5克/天,RR:1.07;95% CI 1.01-1.15)和痴呆症(较低剂量范围:1-17.5克/天,RR:1.07;95% CI 1.01-1.15):低剂量范围:1-17.5 克/天,RR:0.92;95% CI 0.88-0.96;高剂量范围:>17.5 克/天,RR:1.07;95% CI 1.01-1.15):高剂量范围:>17.5 克/天,RR:1.23;95% CI 1.09-1.35)。认知功能障碍的最低风险出现在酒精摄入量约为 30 克/天时,痴呆的最低风险出现在酒精摄入量约为 15 克/天时。在按年龄(≤65 岁;>65 岁)或研究持续时间(65 岁和持续时间)定义的亚组中,J 型关系依然存在:我们观察到酒精摄入量与认知功能障碍和痴呆之间存在 J 型关系,轻度至中度酒精摄入量与降低成人痴呆风险有关。还需要进一步的研究来更具体地阐明饮酒与基于精神障碍诊断和统计手册(DSM)标准的认知功能障碍的六个领域之间的关系。
{"title":"Alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive dysfunction and dementia: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of comparative longitudinal studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alcohol use is associated with a wide spectrum of neurological disorders, including cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Likewise, the high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia specifies the urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors. Because findings on alcohol and cognitive dysfunction and dementia have been inconsistent, the present dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and case control studies was conducted to evaluate the available evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Method and materials</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar up to April, 2023. In the dose-response meta-analysis, a restricted cubic spline regression model was conducted to evaluate a possible non-linear relation between alcohol intake and the outcomes. Random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis and evaluate heterogeneity. Egger’s test and a funnel plot were used to assess small study effects. Subgroup analyses were carried out to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventeen eligible studies comprising 80,680 total persons with 4929 cases for dementia and 13,530 total persons with 1579 cases for cognitive dysfunction were included for dose-response analysis. When compared to the reference group of 0 g/day of alcohol intake, the dose-response meta-analysis revealed a significant non-linear (J-shaped) association between alcohol intake and the risk of each of cognitive dysfunction, (lower dose range: 1–30.5 g/day, RR: 0.97; 95 % CI 0.95–0.99; higher dose range: >30.5 g/day, RR: 1.07; 95 % CI 1.01–1.15) and dementia (lower dose range: 1–17.5 g/day, RR: 0.92; 95 % CI 0.88–0.96, higher dose range: >17.5 g/day, RR: 1.23; 95 % CI 1.09–1.35). The lowest risk was achieved at approximately 30 g/day of alcohol for cognitive dysfunction and 15 g/day for dementia. The J-shape association remained with subgroups defined by age (≤65; >65 years) or study duration (<10; ≥10 years) for dementia, and within age >65 and duration <10 years for cognitive dysfunction.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We observed a J-shape association between alcohol consumption and both cognitive dysfunction and dementia, with light-to-moderate alcohol intake being associated with a reduced risk in adults. Further studies are needed to clarify more specifically the association between alcohol consumption and six domains of cognitive dysfunction based on diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) criteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102413
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are evolutionarily conserved across most forms of life, with an estimated 1500 RBPs in humans. Traditionally associated with post-transcriptional gene regulation, RBPs contribute to nearly every known aspect of RNA biology, including RNA splicing, transport, and decay. In recent years, an increasing subset of RBPs have been recognized for their DNA binding properties and involvement in DNA transactions. We refer to these RBPs with well-characterized DNA binding activity as RNA/DNA binding proteins (RDBPs), many of which are linked to neurological diseases. RDBPs are associated with both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair. Furthermore, the presence of intrinsically disordered domains in RDBPs appears to be critical for regulating their diverse interactions and plays a key role in controlling protein aggregation, which is implicated in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of common RDBPs from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, such as TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) in controlling DNA damage response (DDR). We also explore the implications of RDBP pathology in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and provide a prospective on the therapeutic potential of targeting RDBP pathology mediated DDR defects for motor neuron diseases and aging.
RNA 结合蛋白(RBPs)在大多数生命形式中都是进化保守的,人类中估计有 1,500 种 RBPs。传统上,RBPs 与转录后基因调控有关,它几乎参与了 RNA 生物学的所有已知环节,包括 RNA 剪接、运输和衰变。近年来,越来越多的 RBPs 子集因其 DNA 结合特性和参与 DNA 交易而得到认可。我们将这些具有良好 DNA 结合活性的 RBPs 称为 RNA/DNA 结合蛋白(RDBPs),其中许多都与神经系统疾病有关。RDBPs 与核和线粒体 DNA 修复都有关系。此外,RDBPs 中固有紊乱结构域的存在似乎是调节其各种相互作用的关键,并在控制蛋白质聚集方面起着关键作用,而蛋白质聚集与神经退行性病变有关。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了异质核核糖核蛋白(hnRNP)家族中常见的 RDBPs 在控制 DNA 损伤应答(DDR)中的新作用,如 TAR DNA 结合蛋白-43(TDP43)和肉瘤融合蛋白(FUS)。我们还探讨了 RDBP 病理在衰老和神经退行性疾病中的影响,并展望了针对 RDBP 病理介导的 DDR 缺陷对运动神经元疾病和衰老的治疗潜力。
{"title":"Regulation of DNA damage response by RNA/DNA-binding proteins: Implications for neurological disorders and aging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are evolutionarily conserved across most forms of life, with an estimated 1500 RBPs in humans. Traditionally associated with post-transcriptional gene regulation, RBPs contribute to nearly every known aspect of RNA biology, including RNA splicing, transport, and decay. In recent years, an increasing subset of RBPs have been recognized for their DNA binding properties and involvement in DNA transactions. We refer to these RBPs with well-characterized DNA binding activity as RNA/DNA binding proteins (RDBPs), many of which are linked to neurological diseases. RDBPs are associated with both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair. Furthermore, the presence of intrinsically disordered domains in RDBPs appears to be critical for regulating their diverse interactions and plays a key role in controlling protein aggregation, which is implicated in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of common RDBPs from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, such as TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS) in controlling DNA damage response (DDR). We also explore the implications of RDBP pathology in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and provide a prospective on the therapeutic potential of targeting RDBP pathology mediated DDR defects for motor neuron diseases and aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102431
Introduction
Neuropsychiatric symptoms may impact prognosis in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); however, data on frequency of psychotic symptoms are sparse.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychoINFO from inception to June 2023. We included studies reporting patients with MCI prevalence of (delusions and/or hallucinations. Random effects model were performed to estimate the prevalence, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.
Results
Of 3145 records identified, 36 studies were included, enrolling 20,426 patients. Overall prevalence of hallucinations was 1.78 % (95 % CI, 1.17 – 2.71) and delusions 3.84 % (95 % CI, 2.71 – 5.42), both with significant heterogeneity (/2 = 90 %). Prevalence of hallucinations and delusions were lower when measured by NPI scales and in population-based samples.
Discussion
Delusions and hallucinations occur in MCI patients at low rates. Prevalence can be partially explained by the assessment method, sample source and study heterogeneity.
{"title":"Prevalence of psychotic symptoms in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms may impact prognosis in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); however, data on frequency of psychotic symptoms are sparse.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychoINFO from inception to June 2023. We included studies reporting patients with MCI prevalence of (delusions and/or hallucinations. Random effects model were performed to estimate the prevalence, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 3145 records identified, 36 studies were included, enrolling 20,426 patients. Overall prevalence of hallucinations was 1.78 % (95 % CI, 1.17 – 2.71) and delusions 3.84 % (95 % CI, 2.71 – 5.42), both with significant heterogeneity (/<sup>2</sup> = 90 %). Prevalence of hallucinations and delusions were lower when measured by NPI scales and in population-based samples.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Delusions and hallucinations occur in MCI patients at low rates. Prevalence can be partially explained by the assessment method, sample source and study heterogeneity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102429
Brain aging is characterized by several structural, biochemical and molecular changes which can vary among different individuals and can be influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Accumulation of protein aggregates, altered neurotransmitter composition, low-grade chronic inflammation and prolonged oxidative stress have been shown to contribute to brain tissue damage. Among key metabolic byproducts, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed endogenously through non-enzymatic reactions or acquired directly from the diet or other exogenous sources, have been detected to accumulate in brain tissue, exerting detrimental effects on cellular structure and function, contributing to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Upon binding to signal transduction receptor RAGE, AGEs can initiate pro-inflammatory pathways, exacerbate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thus impairing neuronal function and cognition. AGE-RAGE signaling induces programmed cell death, disrupts the blood-brain barrier and promotes protein aggregation, further compromising brain health. In this review, we investigate the intricate relationship between the AGE-RAGE pathway and brain aging in order to detect affected molecules and potential targets for intervention. Reduction of AGE deposition in brain tissue either through novel pharmacological therapeutics, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes, shows a great promise in mitigating cognitive decline associated with brain aging.
脑衰老的特点是结构、生化和分子方面的变化,这些变化因人而异,并受遗传、环境和生活方式等因素的影响。蛋白质聚集的累积、神经递质组成的改变、低度慢性炎症和长期氧化应激已被证明是造成脑组织损伤的原因。在主要的新陈代谢副产物中,高级糖化终产物(AGEs)是通过非酶类反应形成的内源性物质,或直接从饮食或其他外源性来源获得,已被检测到在脑组织中积累,对细胞结构和功能产生有害影响,导致神经变性和认知能力下降。AGE 与信号转导受体 RAGE 结合后,可启动促炎途径,加剧氧化应激和神经炎症,从而损害神经元功能和认知能力。AGE-RAGE 信号诱导程序性细胞死亡,破坏血脑屏障,促进蛋白质聚集,从而进一步损害大脑健康。在这篇综述中,我们将研究 AGE-RAGE 通路与大脑衰老之间错综复杂的关系,以发现受影响的分子和潜在的干预靶点。通过新型药物疗法、饮食调整和生活方式改变来减少脑组织中的 AGE 沉积,在缓解与脑衰老相关的认知能力下降方面大有可为。
{"title":"Pivotal role of AGE-RAGE axis in brain aging with current interventions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brain aging is characterized by several structural, biochemical and molecular changes which can vary among different individuals and can be influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Accumulation of protein aggregates, altered neurotransmitter composition, low-grade chronic inflammation and prolonged oxidative stress have been shown to contribute to brain tissue damage. Among key metabolic byproducts, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed endogenously through non-enzymatic reactions or acquired directly from the diet or other exogenous sources, have been detected to accumulate in brain tissue, exerting detrimental effects on cellular structure and function, contributing to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Upon binding to signal transduction receptor RAGE, AGEs can initiate pro-inflammatory pathways, exacerbate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, thus impairing neuronal function and cognition. AGE-RAGE signaling induces programmed cell death, disrupts the blood-brain barrier and promotes protein aggregation, further compromising brain health. In this review, we investigate the intricate relationship between the AGE-RAGE pathway and brain aging in order to detect affected molecules and potential targets for intervention. Reduction of AGE deposition in brain tissue either through novel pharmacological therapeutics, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes, shows a great promise in mitigating cognitive decline associated with brain aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102430
Human skin ageing is closely related to the ageing of the whole organism, and it's a continuous multisided process that is influenced not only by genetic and physiological factors but also by the cumulative impact of environmental factors. Currently, there is a scientific community need for developing skin models representing ageing processes to (i) enhance understanding on the mechanisms of ageing, (ii) discover new drugs for the treatment of age-related diseases, and (iii) develop effective dermo-cosmetics. Bioengineers worldwide are trying to reproduce skin ageing in the laboratory aiming to better comprehend and mitigate the senescence process. This review provides details on the main ageing molecular mechanisms and procedures to obtain in vitro aged skin models.
{"title":"Strategies to make human skin models based on cellular senescence for ageing research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human skin ageing is closely related to the ageing of the whole organism, and it's a continuous multisided process that is influenced not only by genetic and physiological factors but also by the cumulative impact of environmental factors. Currently, there is a scientific community need for developing skin models representing ageing processes to (i) enhance understanding on the mechanisms of ageing, (ii) discover new drugs for the treatment of age-related diseases, and (iii) develop effective dermo-cosmetics. Bioengineers worldwide are trying to reproduce skin ageing in the laboratory aiming to better comprehend and mitigate the senescence process. This review provides details on the main ageing molecular mechanisms and procedures to obtain <em>in vitro</em> aged skin models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002484/pdfft?md5=94bfd9952516d003834e3752d8bc8241&pid=1-s2.0-S1568163724002484-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102432
It is imperative to optimise health and healthspan across the lifespan. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the hallmarks of ageing and inhibiting ROS production can potentially delay ageing whilst increasing healthy longevity. Lipids and lipid mediators (derivatives of lipids) are becoming increasingly recognized as central molecule in tissue and cellular function and are susceptible to peroxidation; hence linked with ageing. Lipid classes implicated in the ageing process include sterols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids but these are not yet translated into the clinic. Further mechanistic studies are required for the understanding of lipid classes in the ageing process. Lipidomics, the system level characterisation of lipid species with respect to metabolism and function, might provide a significant and useful biological age profiling tool through longitudinal studies. Lipid profiles in different ages among healthy individuals could be harnessed as lipid biomarkers of healthy ageing with potential integration for the development of lipid-based ageing clock (lipid clock). The potential of a lipid clock includes the prediction of future morbidity or mortality, which will promote precision and healthy longevity medicine.
{"title":"Advances in clinical application of lipidomics in healthy ageing and healthy longevity medicine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is imperative to optimise health and healthspan across the lifespan. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the hallmarks of ageing and inhibiting ROS production can potentially delay ageing whilst increasing healthy longevity. Lipids and lipid mediators (derivatives of lipids) are becoming increasingly recognized as central molecule in tissue and cellular function and are susceptible to peroxidation; hence linked with ageing. Lipid classes implicated in the ageing process include sterols, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids but these are not yet translated into the clinic. Further mechanistic studies are required for the understanding of lipid classes in the ageing process. Lipidomics, the system level characterisation of lipid species with respect to metabolism and function, might provide a significant and useful biological age profiling tool through longitudinal studies. Lipid profiles in different ages among healthy individuals could be harnessed as lipid biomarkers of healthy ageing with potential integration for the development of lipid-based ageing clock (lipid clock). The potential of a lipid clock includes the prediction of future morbidity or mortality, which will promote precision and healthy longevity medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002502/pdfft?md5=9c55fda0b13f6c30621b3c16e15c5f82&pid=1-s2.0-S1568163724002502-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102420
Background
Frailty, an age-related state of reduced physiological reserve, is often associated with lower socio-economic position (SEP). This systematic review synthesised observational studies assessing (i) the association between SEP and frailty prevalence; (ii) how changes in frailty status over time vary by SEP; and (iii) whether the association between frailty and clinical outcomes is modified by SEP.
Methods
We searched three electronic databases from 2001 to 2023. We included observational studies measuring early-, mid-, and late-life indicators of SEP (education, income, wealth, housing, occupation, and area-based measures of multiple deprivation) and frailty (assessed using any validated measure). Screening and extraction were performed in duplicate. Findings were synthesised using narrative synthesis.
Results
We included 383 studies reporting findings from 265 independent samples/cohorts across 64 countries. Lower SEP was associated with higher frailty prevalence across all indicators (childhood deprivation 7/8 studies, education 227/248, occupation 28/32, housing 8/9, income 98/108, wealth 39/44 and area-based deprivation 32/34). Lower SEP was also associated with higher frailty incidence (27/30), with greater odds of transitioning towards a more severe frailty state (35/43), lower odds of frailty reversion (7/11), and (in some studies) with more rapid accumulation of deficits (7/15). The relationship between frailty and mortality was not modified by SEP.
Interpretation
Preventative measures across multiple levels of individual and structural inequality are likely to be required to reduce the rising levels of frailty. Resourcing of interventions and services to support people living with frailty should be proportionate to needs in the population to avoid widening existing health inequalities.
{"title":"Frailty and socioeconomic position: A systematic review of observational studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Frailty, an age-related state of reduced physiological reserve, is often associated with lower socio-economic position (SEP). This systematic review synthesised observational studies assessing (i) the association between SEP and frailty prevalence; (ii) how changes in frailty status over time vary by SEP; and (iii) whether the association between frailty and clinical outcomes is modified by SEP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched three electronic databases from 2001 to 2023. We included observational studies measuring early-, mid-, and late-life indicators of SEP (education, income, wealth, housing, occupation, and area-based measures of multiple deprivation) and frailty (assessed using any validated measure). Screening and extraction were performed in duplicate. Findings were synthesised using narrative synthesis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 383 studies reporting findings from 265 independent samples/cohorts across 64 countries. Lower SEP was associated with higher frailty prevalence across all indicators (childhood deprivation 7/8 studies, education 227/248, occupation 28/32, housing 8/9, income 98/108, wealth 39/44 and area-based deprivation 32/34). Lower SEP was also associated with higher frailty incidence (27/30), with greater odds of transitioning towards a more severe frailty state (35/43), lower odds of frailty reversion (7/11), and (in some studies) with more rapid accumulation of deficits (7/15). The relationship between frailty and mortality was not modified by SEP.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Preventative measures across multiple levels of individual and structural inequality are likely to be required to reduce the rising levels of frailty. Resourcing of interventions and services to support people living with frailty should be proportionate to needs in the population to avoid widening existing health inequalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002381/pdfft?md5=239e47b5a86af099bc4ac589f9209bb7&pid=1-s2.0-S1568163724002381-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141642433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}