Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology最新文献_第7页

What do we know about seed dispersal by Carnivorans in Brazil? 我们对巴西食肉动物的种子传播了解多少？

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104073

Amanda Zica Calixto , Fernando A.O. Silveira , Rodrigo Lima Massara

Seed dispersal plays a key role in resource provision and climate regulation, yet this interaction is threatened by habitat fragmentation, species loss and population declines. Carnivoran mammals contribute substantially to ecosystem functioning through various roles such as predators, but their role as seed dispersers is not well-understood. We assessed the state-of-knowledge and identified gaps regarding seed dispersal by omnivorous Carnivora that occur in Brazil. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine Carnivora–fruit interactions across four stages of the dispersal loop, namely: 1) frugivory and diet; 2) seed passage through the digestive tract; 3) patterns of seed deposition; and 4) their impact on seedling establishment. Based on 53 papers we found that three species (Cerdocyon thous, Nasua nasua and Potos flavus) concentrated more than 60 % of the studies, with the remaining eight species received less attention. Studies were largely concentrated in the Atlantic Forest, in most populated urban areas, with no studies conducted in the Pantanal biome. Still, large areas remained unexplored. Despite increasing interest in Carnivora–fruit interactions in the last years, only one study addressed the four stages of the dispersal loop, preventing us to compare seed dispersal effectiveness across species. Carnivorans interacted with 132 plant species, dispersing seeds from 0.35 to 340 m, with average seed germination of 48 %. We discussed potential explanations for the identified knowledge gaps and propose ways to fill this biodiversity shortfall, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive studies to establish a robust foundation of the role played by Carnivora in seed dispersal ecology.

种子传播在资源供应和气候调节中发挥着关键作用，但这种相互作用受到栖息地破碎化、物种丧失和种群减少的威胁。食肉哺乳动物通过捕食者等多种角色对生态系统功能做出了重大贡献，但它们作为种子传播者的作用尚未得到充分了解。我们评估了知识的状态，并确定了在巴西发生的杂食性食肉动物种子传播方面的差距。通过系统的文献综述，研究了食肉动物-水果在传播循环的四个阶段的相互作用，即：1)食果和食性；2)种子通过消化道；3)种子沉积模式；4)对幼苗建立的影响。通过对53篇论文的分析，我们发现3种（Cerdocyon thous， Nasua Nasua和Potos flavus）的研究集中在60%以上，其余8种的研究较少。研究主要集中在人口最多的城市地区的大西洋森林，没有对潘塔纳尔生物群落进行研究。尽管如此，仍有大片地区未被勘探。尽管近年来人们对食肉动物与果实的相互作用越来越感兴趣，但只有一项研究解决了传播循环的四个阶段，这使得我们无法比较种子在不同物种之间的传播效果。食肉动物与132种植物相互作用，种子传播距离为0.35 ~ 340 m，平均种子发芽率为48%。我们讨论了已确定的知识缺口的潜在解释，并提出了填补这一生物多样性缺口的方法，强调需要更全面的研究来建立食肉动物在种子传播生态学中所起作用的坚实基础。

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引用次数: 0

Should I stay or should I go? Comparison of movement patterns of a flightless bush-cricket in sparse versus dense grassland 我该留下还是走？稀疏与茂密草地中无飞灌木蟋蟀运动模式的比较

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104072

Szabolcs Varga , Zoltán Kenyeres

We investigated the movement patterns of a large-bodied flightless bush-cricket, Isophya costata, occurring in a site that had an area of mainly short sparse grasses and an adjacent area of mainly taller grass with complete cover. In each of the two types of grassland, 10 males and 10 females were released and followed for 15 days. The field data showed that the grassland type did not significantly affect the daily movement activity of females; they moved 6–7 m/day in both types of habitat. However, the daily movement of males was significantly higher (11–12 m/day) in the short grassland patches than in tall patches (6 m/day). The shape and the area of the movement patterns showed that both males and females migrated from short vegetation towards high vegetation. However, the shape of the movement pattern of high grassland is nearly circular for both sexes, which indicates that the movement is almost a random walk. In the short grassland patch, males moved over a larger distances than females, while in the area covered by tall grass, both sexes moved over the same distances. Using the average daily movements of males and females, the random walk model can describe the observed movement patterns for releases in both the short and tall grass areas.

本文研究了一种大型无飞灌木蟋蟀（Isophya costata）的运动模式，该蟋蟀发生在一个以矮疏草为主的区域和一个以高草为主的完全覆盖区域。两种草地各放生雄性10只，雌性10只，随访15 d。野外数据表明，草地类型对雌性的日常活动无显著影响；在这两种类型的栖息地，它们每天移动6-7米。矮草地斑块雄性的日移动量（11 ~ 12 m/d）显著高于高草地斑块（6 m/d）。移动模式的形状和面积表明，雄性和雌性都从矮植被向高植被迁移。而高寒草原男女的移动模式形状都接近圆形，表明其移动几乎是随机行走。在较短的草地斑块中，雄性的移动距离大于雌性，而在高草覆盖的区域，两性的移动距离相同。随机行走模型利用雄性和雌性的平均日移动量，可以描述在矮草区和高草区观察到的放生运动模式。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological niche modelling and future scenarios of Cordia oncocalyx - A species of restricted distribution 受限制分布的一种荆芥的生态位模型及未来展望

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104064

Marlete Moreira Mendes Ivanov , Maria João Martins

Climate change involves changes in environmental conditions and can lead to the displacement or extinction (local or range-wide). So, would it be possible for a species with a restricted distribution to persist under climate change scenarios? Our objective was, through niche mapping and modeling, to describe the suitable environmental conditions for Cordia oncocalyx, a native species that occurs predominantly in the northeast of Brazil, whose abundance has resulted in the proposal of a new typology for classifying the Caatinga – a seasonally dry tropical forest. The potential distribution of this species in the context of future scenarios is also presented. Six climatic variables that could affect and limit species distributions were considered, and species niche as a 3-dimensional convex hull was estimated. The HadGEM2-ES model under scenario RCP 8.5 was used to predict the bioclimatic variables in Brazil for 2050. High temperatures, low annual precipitation and very low precipitation in the driest quarter characterize the climate in the areas where the species currently occurs. Future scenarios point to the possibility of changes in the environmental suitability and distribution of this species. Protected areas may not be able to preserve the species in the face of climate change.

气候变化涉及环境条件的变化，并可能导致流离失所或灭绝（局部或大范围）。那么，在气候变化的情况下，一个有限分布的物种有可能持续存在吗？我们的目标是，通过生态位测绘和建模，描述适合Cordia oncocalyx的环境条件，Cordia oncocalyx是一种主要分布在巴西东北部的本地物种，其丰富程度导致了对Caatinga（一个季节性干燥的热带森林）分类的新类型学的建议。本文还提出了该物种在未来情景下的潜在分布。考虑了影响和限制物种分布的6个气候变量，并估计了物种生态位作为一个三维凸壳。采用RCP 8.5情景下的HadGEM2-ES模式对巴西2050年的生物气候变量进行了预测。高温，低年降水量和极低降水在最干旱的季度在该物种目前发生的地区的气候特征。未来的情景表明，该物种的环境适应性和分布可能会发生变化。面对气候变化，保护区可能无法保护这些物种。

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引用次数: 0

Taxonomic identity, but not evolutionary relatedness, determines the carbon stock and uptake of tropical forests trees 热带森林树木的碳储量和吸收取决于分类学特征，而非进化相关性

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104065

Alisson Borges Miranda Santos , Cléber Rodrigo de Souza , Fernanda Coelho de Souza , Natália de Aguiar-Campos , Vinicius Andrade Maia , Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes , Aurélio de Jesus Rodrigues Pais , Gabriela Gomes Pires , Mariana Caroline Moreira Morelli , Jean Daniel Morel , Rubens Manoel dos Santos

Carbon stock and uptake are among the main ecosystem services provided by tropical forests. Understanding the role of different drivers in current patterns of carbon stock and uptake is critical to predicting tropical forest responses to environmental changes. That said, taxonomic identity and evolutionary relatedness among taxa may synthesize intrinsic functional characteristics and provide insight into these patterns. Here we investigated the main ecological drivers (taxonomic vs. environmental effects) and the evolutionary legacy on the expression of two important variables: carbon stock and carbon uptake. The dataset used are composed by tropical forests sites located in the southeast of Brazil along a climatic gradient including evergreen forests, semideciduous forests and deciduous forests. Relying on forest inventory data from 30 tropical forest sites (33.86 ha), we calculated individual tree carbon stocks and obtained two variables at the population level (species per site): average carbon stock (ton/ha) and average carbon uptake (ton/ha/year). These variables were used joint to phylogenetic trees and analysis to evaluate the main factors explained the variables variation and the evolutionary fingerprint on them. Variations in carbon stock and uptake by individual trees were mostly determined by taxonomic identity (28.7% and 26.7%, respectively) rather than environmental factors (7.1% and 8.9%, respectively), but evolutionary relatedness did not predict similarity among species. Our results indicate that the ability of species to store and absorb carbon depend on their intrinsic characteristics, although these are not shared among closely related taxa. Climate projections predict the loss of species unable to adapt to novel conditions, which, in light of our results, could impact tropical carbon dynamics. Although evolutionary relatedness does not predict similarity in terms of function at the scale of our study (suggesting lability of traits related to carbon storage), species losses indicate that environmental changes are beyond species’ ability to adapt to changes.

碳储量和吸收是热带森林提供的主要生态系统服务之一。了解不同驱动因素在当前碳储量和吸收模式中的作用，对于预测热带森林对环境变化的反应至关重要。也就是说，类群之间的分类同一性和进化亲缘性可以综合内在的功能特征，并提供对这些模式的洞察。在此，我们研究了主要的生态驱动因素（分类学与环境效应）以及两个重要变量（碳储量和碳吸收）表达的进化遗产。所使用的数据集由位于巴西东南部的热带森林站点组成，沿气候梯度包括常绿森林、半落叶森林和落叶森林。基于30个热带森林样地（33.86 ha）的森林清查数据，计算了个体树木的碳储量，得到了种群水平（样地种数）的平均碳储量（t /ha）和平均碳吸收量（t /ha/年）。将这些变量与系统发生树和分析相结合，评价了解释变量变异的主要因素及其进化指纹。单株树木碳储量和碳吸收量的差异主要由分类同一性（分别为28.7%和26.7%）而不是环境因子（分别为7.1%和8.9%）决定，但进化亲缘性不能预测物种间的相似性。我们的研究结果表明，物种储存和吸收碳的能力取决于它们的内在特征，尽管这些特征在密切相关的分类群中并不共享。气候预测预测了无法适应新环境的物种的损失，根据我们的研究结果，这可能会影响热带碳动态。尽管在我们的研究范围内，进化相关性并不能预测功能上的相似性（表明与碳储存相关的性状不稳定），但物种的损失表明，环境变化超出了物种适应变化的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Warming climate impacts on elevational shifts in expansive native synanthropic plants along the roads: Examples of four species 气候变暖对公路沿线广阔的本地同生植物的海拔迁移产生影响：四个物种的实例

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104063

Jiří Dostálek , Tomáš Frantík

Roads are known to support the dispersal of plant species, especially along elevational gradients. We compared the elevational distributions of four expansive native synanthropic plant species along roadsides in the Orlické hory Mountains (Czech Republic) over a 40-year period. Two species (Anthriscus sylvestris and Chaerophyllum aromaticum) have distribution optima in lowlands and foothills, whereas the other two psychrophilic species (Anthriscus nitidus and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) have distribution optima at relatively high elevations. We found that the average elevation of these species, except for Anthriscus sylvestris, rose by 23–74 m. The maximum occurrence elevation of all the species rose by 98–248 m, except for Chaerophyllum hirsutum, which was limited by the maximum elevation of the studied area. On the other hand, the presence of psychrophilic Anthriscus nitidus and Chaerophyllum hirsutum in lower elevations stagnated or even decreased. This shift cannot be attributed only to changes in traffic frequency and appears to be consistent with changes associated with a warming climate.

Our results suggest that climate change may in some cases influence the spread of synanthropic expansive plants, and that roadsides of mountain roads may serve as early detection sites for shifts in species distributions, which can be attributed to changes in climate.

众所周知，道路有助于植物物种的传播，尤其是沿着海拔梯度的道路。本文比较了捷克orlick hory山区4种原生共生植物近40年的海拔分布特征。两种（sylvestris和Chaerophyllum aromaticum）在低地和丘陵地区分布最佳，而另外两种（Anthriscus nitidus和Chaerophyllum hirsutum）在相对高海拔地区分布最佳。结果表明，除炭疽菌（Anthriscus sylvestris）外，其他树种的平均海拔均上升了23 ~ 74 m。除毛蕨（Chaerophyllum hirsutum）受研究区最高海拔限制外，所有树种的最高发生海拔均上升了98 ~ 248 m。另一方面，在低海拔地区，嗜冷性牛炭疽菌和毛毛毛菌的存在停滞甚至减少。这种变化不能仅仅归因于交通频率的变化，而且似乎与气候变暖有关的变化是一致的。我们的研究结果表明，气候变化可能在某些情况下影响共生扩张植物的传播，并且山路的路边可能是物种分布变化的早期检测点，这可归因于气候变化。

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引用次数: 0

Composition of breeding bird communities under different intensities of human activity: A case study in Jiulingshan Nature Reserve in eastern China 不同人类活动强度下繁殖鸟类群落组成——以九陵山自然保护区为例

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104061

Bo Zhou , Gang Yang , Mingxiao Di , Ping Lu , Xiaodong Weng , Jiuheng Xu , Yong Tang , Yong Peng , Xinyu Tao

Anthropogenic landscape changes are a major contributor to biodiversity loss; however, some species can adapt to this selection pressure and coexist with humans. To successfully produce offspring, wild animals tend to select habitats with fitness advantages which resulting in heterogeneity of biodiversity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of different intensities of human activity on the composition of forest-breeding bird communities. To this end, we used the transect method to investigate bird diversity in different breeding months, under different intensities of human activity, and at different elevation intervals in the Jiulingshan National Nature Reserve in eastern China. We recorded 79 breeding bird species on Jiulingshan, including 11 protected species and 1 species endemic to China. The composition of bird communities varied greatly inside and outside the nature reserve, with more bird species and higher densities outside the reserve. As the elevation increased, the number and density of bird species decreased. However, the compositions of bird communities at adjacent elevation intervals were similar. The density of birds in July (breeding month) was more than twice that in April (settlement month). In the same mountainous area, farmlands with human activity had higher bird richness and abundance than forests without human activity. Therefore, zones outside the nature reserve and at low-elevation intervals should be monitored and protected. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the dynamics of local breeding bird resources.

人为的景观变化是生物多样性丧失的主要原因；然而，有些物种能够适应这种选择压力并与人类共存。为了成功繁殖后代，野生动物倾向于选择具有适合度优势的栖息地，这导致了生物多样性的异质性。因此，本研究旨在探讨不同人类活动强度对森林繁殖鸟类群落组成的影响。为此，本文采用样带法对九陵山国家级自然保护区不同繁殖期、不同人类活动强度和不同海拔间隔的鸟类多样性进行了调查。在九陵山共记录到79种繁殖鸟类，其中保护鸟类11种，中国特有种1种。保护区内外鸟类群落组成差异较大，保护区外鸟类种类较多，密度较高。随着海拔的升高，鸟类的数量和密度呈下降趋势。但相邻海拔区间鸟类群落组成相似。7月（繁殖月）鸟类密度是4月（定居月）的2倍以上。在同一山区，有人类活动的农田鸟类丰富度和丰度高于没有人类活动的森林。因此，自然保护区以外和低海拔区间的区域应受到监测和保护。我们的研究结果提供了本地繁殖鸟类资源动态的全面图景。

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引用次数: 0

Natural restoration has better soil acid phosphatase kinetics than artificial plantations 自然恢复土壤酸性磷酸酶动力学优于人工人工林

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104062

Yun Wang , Xiaoyang Zhang , Jinmei Bao , Longchao Yang , Bo Liu , Xinli Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Zhang , Yixuan Liu , Lizhi Wang

Soil acid phosphatase kinetics is important for clarifying phosphorus supply under different soil fertility conditions. However, little is known about the effects of the forest restoration type on the kinetics of soil acid phosphatase. Using a microplate fluorometric assay, we tested soil acid phosphatase kinetics and influencing factors in artificially restored native oriental oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.) plantations and introduced Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) plantations and naturally restored secondary forests. Five, five, and six plots were randomly selected from each forest restoration type in Yimeng Mountain area in Northern China. Forest restoration type significantly influenced acid phosphatase kinetics. Acid phosphatase activity and acid phosphatase activity dissimilarity was higher in natural secondary forests than those in oriental oak plantations, which in turn were higher than those observed in black pine plantations. The difference between natural secondary forests and black pine plantations was significant. Moreover, the heterogeneity of soil acid phosphatase activity between the natural secondary forests and the two plantations was significantly higher than that between the two plantations. Forest restoration type did not significantly influence the potential maximum activity (V_max), half-saturation constant (K_m), or catalytic efficiency (V_max/K_m) of acid phosphatase. Ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus content significantly influenced acid phosphatase kinetics, explaining 61.9% of the variation in acid phosphatase activity under different substrate concentrations in the three forest restoration types. V_max was positively influenced by available phosphorus content. The K_m value was positively influenced by total carbon content. Natural secondary forests showed better soil acid phosphatase kinetics than the native oriental oak plantations, which were better than those in the introduced black pine plantations, possibly due to the higher ammonium nitrogen and available phosphorus content. This study contributes novel insights into phosphorus supply under forest restoration types, ultimately providing theoretical bases for forest restoration in warm temperate areas.

土壤酸性磷酸酶动力学对阐明不同土壤肥力条件下的磷供应具有重要意义。然而，森林恢复类型对土壤酸性磷酸酶动力学的影响尚不清楚。采用荧光微孔板法，对人工恢复的东方栎人工林、引进的日本黑松人工林和自然恢复的次生林土壤酸性磷酸酶动力学及其影响因素进行了研究。在沂蒙山区各森林恢复类型中随机选取5个、5个和6个样地。森林恢复类型对酸性磷酸酶动力学有显著影响。天然次生林的酸性磷酸酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性差异均高于东方栎林，而东方栎林的酸性磷酸酶活性差异又高于黑松林。天然次生林与人工林间差异显著。土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在天然次生林与两种人工林之间的异质性显著高于两种人工林之间。森林恢复类型对酸性磷酸酶潜在最大活性（Vmax）、半饱和常数（Km）和催化效率（Vmax/Km）无显著影响。铵态氮和速效磷含量显著影响酸性磷酸酶动力学，可解释3种森林恢复类型不同底物浓度下酸性磷酸酶活性变化的61.9%。有效磷含量对Vmax有正影响。Km值与总碳含量呈正相关。天然次生林土壤酸性磷酸酶动力学优于天然栎林，优于引进黑松林，这可能与土壤中铵态氮和有效磷含量较高有关。本研究对森林恢复类型下的磷供应提供了新的认识，最终为暖温带森林恢复提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Woody biomass-carbon and soil organic carbon stock in subtropical forests of Garhwal Himalaya 加尔瓦尔-喜马拉雅亚热带森林木质生物量碳和土壤有机碳储量

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104059

Om Prakash Tiwari, Chandra Mohan Sharma, Stuti Rawat

The present study was undertaken in ten important subtropical forests growing in foothills of Garhwal Himalaya to estimate the biomass and carbon in different tree components and variations in Soil Organic Carbon (hereinafter SOC) stocks. The sample plots were laid out using two ways stratified random sampling approach and the biomass was evaluated by applying linear regression equations. The soil samples were collected at three different depths viz., 0–10 cm, 11–30 cm and 31–60 cm to analyse the pH, bulk density and SOC stock. The tree density and TBC values significantly varied in different forest types and ranged from 300 ± 11.55 to 840 ± 15.55 trees ha⁻¹ and 12.55 ± 4.62 to 36.23 ± 5.77 m² ha⁻¹, respectively. The total biomass density values were recorded between 185.59 ± 1.23 Mg ha⁻¹ and 1572.1 ± 4.27 Mg ha⁻¹, whereas carbon stock values ranged from 82.64 ± 0.82 Mg C ha⁻¹ to 700.06 ± 2.85 Mg C ha⁻¹. The soil was acidic to alkaline in nature (indicated by the pH). The SOC stocks were significantly varied (F = 9.872, P < 0.001) at various depths and altitudes reflecting values between 28.05 ± 5.66 Mg C ha⁻¹ to 98.89 ± 27.31 Mg C ha⁻¹. The diameter class distribution patterns of most of the forests have indicated a positive skewed curve, but considerable biomass was observed in higher dbh classes. Our results have indicated that the tree biomass depends more on the size class (Adj. R² = 0.3475; F = 133.5991; P < 0.0001) instead of the structure metrics i.e., stand density (Adj. R² = 0.3036; P = 0.0573) and diversity (Adj. R² = 0.1232; P = 0.9136). This has revealed that the girth of species was the deciding factor to determine the biomass and carbon storage, not the density and diversity. High CO₂e values have indicated that the woody vegetation has immense capacity to regulate the carbon. Therefore, the role of uneven aged vegetation in accumulation of biomass and carbon in foothill regions of Garhwal Himalaya is noteworthy.

本文以喜马拉雅山麓地区10个重要的亚热带森林为研究对象，对不同树种的生物量和碳含量以及土壤有机碳储量的变化进行了研究。样地采用分层随机抽样法布置，生物量采用线性回归方程评价。在0-10 cm、11-30 cm和31-60 cm 3个不同深度采集土壤样品，分析pH、容重和有机碳储量。不同林型的树密度和TBC值差异显著，分别为300±11.55 ~ 840±15.55 m2 ha−1和12.55±4.62 ~ 36.23±5.77 m2 ha−1。总生物量密度值为185.59±1.23 Mg ha−1 ~ 1572.1±4.27 Mg ha−1，碳储量值为82.64±0.82 Mg C ha−1 ~ 700.06±2.85 Mg C ha−1。土壤从酸性到碱性（由pH值表示）。SOC储量差异显著(F = 9.872, P <；0.001)，反映了28.05±5.66 Mg C ha−1至98.89±27.31 Mg C ha−1之间的数值。大部分森林的径级分布呈正偏态曲线，但高径级的生物量较大。结果表明，林分生物量主要取决于林分的大小类别(相对值R2 = 0.3475；f = 133.5991；P & lt;0.0001)，而不是结构指标，即林分密度(adi . R2 = 0.3036；P = 0.0573)和多样性(adm . R2 = 0.1232；p = 0.9136)。这表明物种周长是决定生物量和碳储量的决定性因素，而不是密度和多样性。高CO2e值表明木本植被具有巨大的碳调节能力。因此，Garhwal - himalayan山麓地区不均匀年龄植被对生物量和碳积累的作用值得关注。

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引用次数: 0

Crown complementarity rather than crown selection contributes to stem complementarity in genetic mixtures of Pinus taeda L 在红松遗传组合中，树冠互补比树冠选择更有利于树干互补

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104058

David R. Carter , Timothy J. Albaugh , Matthew Sumnall , Jake J. Grossman , Otávio C. Campoe , Rachel L. Cook , Rafael A. Rubilar , Chris A. Maier , T. Adam Coates , Julia DeFeo , Grady J. Boyle , Megan Van Spanje

Increased genotypic diversity has been associated with increased biomass production in short-rotation tree species. Few studies have investigated potential mechanisms which might explain why genetic diversity increases productivity. We leveraged an existing study which deployed clones, control-pollinated, and open pollinated genotypes of Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) with large and small crown ideotypes. Building on a previous study which found increased stem volume in genotypic mixtures, we measured crown characteristics, using a drone-based LiDAR, in genetic mixtures of loblolly pine in Virginia and North Carolina to test for: (1) aboveground spatial niche partitioning and (2) if this partitioning was associated with greater stem volume. Overall, we found no evidence that differences in crown sizes by ideotype led to aboveground spatial niche partitioning, resulting in greater overall crown size or stem volume when grown in mixture. Instead, genotypic mixtures overall, as opposed to genotypic monocultures, consistently had greater crown area, crown volume, and stem volume. Additionally, competition intensity decreased under genetic mixtures despite that these conditions led to greater overall stem and crown sizes than genotypic monocultures. No increase in aboveground spatial partitioning or individual-tree LAI in genotypic mixtures suggests greater radiation-use efficiency. Increases in radiation-use efficiency are primarily driven by belowground resource acquisition which suggests these mixtures may be capable of greater belowground resource exploitation. We found mixtures to outgrow pure conditions on average 4%–5% per tree (0.002–0.008 m³ per tree) by ages 8–9.

在短轮作树种中，基因型多样性的增加与生物量产量的增加有关。很少有研究调查可能解释遗传多样性提高生产力的潜在机制。我们利用了一项现有的研究，该研究部署了具有大树冠和小树冠理想型的火炬松（Pinus taeda L.，火炬松）的无性系、对照授粉和开放授粉基因型。在先前发现基因型混合物中茎体积增加的研究基础上，我们使用基于无人机的激光雷达测量了弗吉尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州火炬松遗传混合物的树冠特征，以测试：(1)地上空间生态位分配；(2)这种分配是否与更大的茎体积相关。总体而言，我们没有发现理想型树冠大小的差异导致地上空间生态位划分，导致混合生长时总树冠大小或茎体积更大的证据。相反，与基因型单一培养相比，基因型混合总体上具有更大的树冠面积、树冠体积和茎体积。此外，在遗传混合条件下，竞争强度降低，尽管这些条件导致茎和冠的总大小大于基因型单一栽培。基因型混合物的地上空间分异和单树LAI均未增加，表明其辐射利用效率较高。辐射利用效率的提高主要是由地下资源获取驱动的，这表明这些混合物可能能够更大程度地开采地下资源。我们发现混合物在8-9岁时平均每棵树生长4%-5%（每棵树0.002-0.008 m3）。

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引用次数: 0

Northward shifting in the distribution of optimal niches for Tuber aestivum, Tuber melanosporum, and their ectomycorrhizal tree partners in Europe 欧洲块茎、黑孢块茎及其外生菌根树伙伴的最佳生态位分布向北移动

IF 1.3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY

Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2025.104057

R. Wilgan , M.K. Dyderski , M. Pietras , Ł. Walas , M. Kolanowska , T. Leski

Truffles are valuable edible fungi, which form an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with trees, thus their distribution depends on the presence of appropriate tree partners. Global warming threatens truffles and trees in the Mediterranean Basin, hence the future of truffle cultivation in this region.

We aimed to predict the potential distribution of Tuber melanosporum, T. aestivum, and their tree partners in Europe under changing climate. We compared the results obtained among widespread (Quercus robur, Corylus avellana), common in the Mediterranean region (Q.ilex, Castanea sativa), and non-native tree used in truffle orchards in the United States (Carya illinoinensis). We used distribution data from GBIF and literature. Using MaxEnt models, we prepared species distribution models related to climate change between 2020 and 2080 based on 19 bioclimatic variables, distribution data of trees, and climate change scenarios A1b, A2a, and B2b.

We predicted a northward shift in the future distribution of niches for truffles and trees, a major decrease in the area of niches for truffles in southern Europe, and a substantial increase in central and northern Europe. The general trend was common for tested species and climatic scenarios. The distribution of ectomycorrhizal trees was the predictor of highest importance for truffles. Among climatic variables, precipitation of coldest quarter, temperature seasonality, and annual mean temperature contributed the highest importance.

Because the consequences of global warming seriously threaten truffles and their tree partners in southern Europe but generate novel climatic niches for these species in regions situated further north, we suggest that cultivation of truffles should be moved northward along with patterns of climate change.

松露是一种有价值的食用菌，它与树木形成一种外生菌根共生关系，因此它们的分布取决于合适的树木伙伴的存在。全球变暖威胁到地中海盆地的松露和树木，因此该地区松露种植的未来。本文旨在预测气候变化下黑孢块茎（Tuber melanosporum）、黑孢块茎（T. aestivum）及其伴生树在欧洲的潜在分布。我们比较了分布广泛的松露树种（栎、榛）、地中海地区常见的松露树种（Q.ilex、Castanea sativa）和美国松露果园使用的非本地树种（山核桃）的结果。我们使用来自GBIF和文献的分布数据。利用MaxEnt模型，基于19个生物气候变量、树木分布数据和气候变化情景A1b、A2a和B2b，构建了2020 - 2080年气候变化相关的物种分布模型。我们预测未来松露生态位和树木的分布将向北转移，南欧松露生态位面积将大幅减少，中欧和北欧的松露生态位面积将大幅增加。在被测试的物种和气候情景中，这种总体趋势是普遍的。外生菌根树的分布是对松露最重要的预测因子。在气候变量中，最冷季降水、温度季节性和年平均温度的影响最大。由于全球变暖的后果严重威胁到南欧的松露及其树木伙伴，但在更北的地区为这些物种创造了新的气候生态位，我们建议松露的种植应该随着气候变化的模式向北移动。

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引用次数: 0