Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866120927322
Timothy Makubuya, Yvette Kell, C. Maro, Zhankun Wang
Many U.S. college campuses have ways in which users’ lives can be enriched through wellness efforts. Provision of wellness and recreational services through a state of the art or newly renovated recreation and wellness facility is one avenue. The primary goal of this study was to determine the level of campus recreation facility satisfaction and utilization outcomes among student users at a Midwestern U.S. institution. The Recreation Wellness Survey was designed and its items were successfully tested for reliability using Cronbach’s α. Study results revealed that student perceptions of satisfaction in key areas predicted their development of healthy habits and overall satisfaction. The study highlights the necessity of satisfaction with key aspects of campus recreational facilities in the development of utilization outcomes among student users.
{"title":"Campus Wellness Facility, Student Contentment and Health","authors":"Timothy Makubuya, Yvette Kell, C. Maro, Zhankun Wang","doi":"10.1177/1558866120927322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120927322","url":null,"abstract":"Many U.S. college campuses have ways in which users’ lives can be enriched through wellness efforts. Provision of wellness and recreational services through a state of the art or newly renovated recreation and wellness facility is one avenue. The primary goal of this study was to determine the level of campus recreation facility satisfaction and utilization outcomes among student users at a Midwestern U.S. institution. The Recreation Wellness Survey was designed and its items were successfully tested for reliability using Cronbach’s α. Study results revealed that student perceptions of satisfaction in key areas predicted their development of healthy habits and overall satisfaction. The study highlights the necessity of satisfaction with key aspects of campus recreational facilities in the development of utilization outcomes among student users.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120927322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43026132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866120917176
Seonghun Lee, Tyler C. Spencer, Mary A. Hums, Meera Alagaraja
International college students have become an important subgroup in U.S. higher education. However, their campus recreation participation rate is relatively low. Previous studies indicate significant factors preventing international students from campus recreation participation were lack of time, lack of workout partners, and lack of recreation information. Relatively little research has been undertaken on understanding and explaining campus recreation experiences among the international graduate student population. This study utilized semistructured interviews with 14 students who used campus recreation services at a 4-year major U.S. public university. Results indicated three primary constraints emerged: time, transportation, and information. However, these students recognized the benefits of using campus recreation services regularly because it helps improve physical health, personal well-being, and social engagement. The findings of this study will provide campus recreation service administrators with a better understanding of international graduate students’ needs in terms of campus recreation services.
{"title":"Qualitative Examination of International Graduate Students’ Experiences With Campus Recreation Services","authors":"Seonghun Lee, Tyler C. Spencer, Mary A. Hums, Meera Alagaraja","doi":"10.1177/1558866120917176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120917176","url":null,"abstract":"International college students have become an important subgroup in U.S. higher education. However, their campus recreation participation rate is relatively low. Previous studies indicate significant factors preventing international students from campus recreation participation were lack of time, lack of workout partners, and lack of recreation information. Relatively little research has been undertaken on understanding and explaining campus recreation experiences among the international graduate student population. This study utilized semistructured interviews with 14 students who used campus recreation services at a 4-year major U.S. public university. Results indicated three primary constraints emerged: time, transportation, and information. However, these students recognized the benefits of using campus recreation services regularly because it helps improve physical health, personal well-being, and social engagement. The findings of this study will provide campus recreation service administrators with a better understanding of international graduate students’ needs in terms of campus recreation services.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120917176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43131935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866120927325
Colin Lopez, E. Taylor, Gareth J. Jones, Matt R. Huml, Daniel C. Funk
Research on the experiences of employees has been plentiful over the last decade; however, work examining the experiences of collegiate recreation employees is limited. In order to enhance employee well-being, it is important that management understands the experiences of their employees and can invest in job supports that best suit the needs of their employees. Therefore, this research study examined the impact of work and family conflict, workaholism, work engagement, burnout, and coping on employees within the industry of collegiate recreation. In this study, 2,474 National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) professional and student members were sent a survey in which 621 participated and 522 were analyzed. Results indicate employees with young children and those in early career positions may experience significant work–family conflict/family–work conflict and burnout.
{"title":"Examining Work Experiences Among Collegiate Recreation Employees","authors":"Colin Lopez, E. Taylor, Gareth J. Jones, Matt R. Huml, Daniel C. Funk","doi":"10.1177/1558866120927325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120927325","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the experiences of employees has been plentiful over the last decade; however, work examining the experiences of collegiate recreation employees is limited. In order to enhance employee well-being, it is important that management understands the experiences of their employees and can invest in job supports that best suit the needs of their employees. Therefore, this research study examined the impact of work and family conflict, workaholism, work engagement, burnout, and coping on employees within the industry of collegiate recreation. In this study, 2,474 National Intramural and Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) professional and student members were sent a survey in which 621 participated and 522 were analyzed. Results indicate employees with young children and those in early career positions may experience significant work–family conflict/family–work conflict and burnout.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120927325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.1177/1558866120909472
Jennifer Pecoraro, B. Pitts
To examine the intersection of trans-identities and collegiate recreation program and services (CRS), this inquiry explored the perceived meanings and implications of gender-related competitive sport policy as interpreted by transgender students. Three trans-identifying students (n = 3) participated in this inquiry; each student reviewed collegiate recreation competitive sport policy excerpts and provided qualitative responses during phenomenological, semi-structured interviews. The resulting transcripts underwent a two-part, cyclical analysis to identify and explore common themes and phenomenological essence. Conclusionary themes indicated that CRS competitive sport policy—while possibly having the intent to be gender inclusive—may not be conclusively perceived as such. In addition, select—yet common—terminology used in CRS lexicon was perceived as being exclusive to trans-identities. These themes suggest that CRS trans-inclusive policy should consider the reception of its content during development and furthermore address a gap in literature by providing practitioners with insight as to the manner of which CRS policy is being perceived by their intended trans-audiences.
{"title":"Perceived Meanings and Implications of Transgender Inclusive Policies in Collegiate Recreation: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Jennifer Pecoraro, B. Pitts","doi":"10.1177/1558866120909472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120909472","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the intersection of trans-identities and collegiate recreation program and services (CRS), this inquiry explored the perceived meanings and implications of gender-related competitive sport policy as interpreted by transgender students. Three trans-identifying students (n = 3) participated in this inquiry; each student reviewed collegiate recreation competitive sport policy excerpts and provided qualitative responses during phenomenological, semi-structured interviews. The resulting transcripts underwent a two-part, cyclical analysis to identify and explore common themes and phenomenological essence. Conclusionary themes indicated that CRS competitive sport policy—while possibly having the intent to be gender inclusive—may not be conclusively perceived as such. In addition, select—yet common—terminology used in CRS lexicon was perceived as being exclusive to trans-identities. These themes suggest that CRS trans-inclusive policy should consider the reception of its content during development and furthermore address a gap in literature by providing practitioners with insight as to the manner of which CRS policy is being perceived by their intended trans-audiences.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120909472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1177/1558866120909449
A. Anderson, Eric Knee, William Ramos
The purpose of this study was to examine the initiatives that current aquatic managers in campus recreation are implementing to create environments that are inclusive to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) participation and to assess the barriers to such initiatives. The study utilized in-depth semistructured interviews with nine campus recreation aquatic managers to examine steps that are currently being taken when it comes to creating environments that are perceived to be open, or closed, to LGBTQ participants. A grounded theory–based process of data collection and analysis resulted in emergent themes. These themes included (a) “I am not an expert but…,” (b) reactive programming and management, (c) inclusion as a general practice, and (d) the importance of gender-inclusive practices. Management strategies and implications for campus recreation aquatic managers around these emergent themes are discussed regarding the creating of inclusive environments for LGBTQ participants.
{"title":"“I’m Not an Expert, But…”: Perspectives on Aquatic Management for LGBTQ Participants","authors":"A. Anderson, Eric Knee, William Ramos","doi":"10.1177/1558866120909449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120909449","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the initiatives that current aquatic managers in campus recreation are implementing to create environments that are inclusive to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) participation and to assess the barriers to such initiatives. The study utilized in-depth semistructured interviews with nine campus recreation aquatic managers to examine steps that are currently being taken when it comes to creating environments that are perceived to be open, or closed, to LGBTQ participants. A grounded theory–based process of data collection and analysis resulted in emergent themes. These themes included (a) “I am not an expert but…,” (b) reactive programming and management, (c) inclusion as a general practice, and (d) the importance of gender-inclusive practices. Management strategies and implications for campus recreation aquatic managers around these emergent themes are discussed regarding the creating of inclusive environments for LGBTQ participants.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120909449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46602048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-06DOI: 10.1177/1558866120904037
Leeann M. Lower-Hoppe, M. Beattie, Daniel E. Wray, Richard L. Bailey, T. Newman, A. Farrell
Given the social purpose of sport clubs, an anticipated outcome of club participation is a sense of attachment to the university and campus community. However, the sport behaviors that contribute to club members’ social attachment are largely unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine which sport club activities are related to university and member attachment. A survey was administered to 175 sport club members at a large public university in the United States. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, sport clubs with moderately low to high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater university attachment than clubs with low tactics. Additionally, clubs with high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater member attachment than clubs with low to moderately high tactics. No significant difference in attachment was found when accounting for clubs’ frequency of competition or travel. The findings support the use of formal socialization to enhance club members’ feelings of attachment.
{"title":"The Relationships Between Sport Club Activities and University and Member Attachment","authors":"Leeann M. Lower-Hoppe, M. Beattie, Daniel E. Wray, Richard L. Bailey, T. Newman, A. Farrell","doi":"10.1177/1558866120904037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866120904037","url":null,"abstract":"Given the social purpose of sport clubs, an anticipated outcome of club participation is a sense of attachment to the university and campus community. However, the sport behaviors that contribute to club members’ social attachment are largely unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine which sport club activities are related to university and member attachment. A survey was administered to 175 sport club members at a large public university in the United States. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, sport clubs with moderately low to high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater university attachment than clubs with low tactics. Additionally, clubs with high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater member attachment than clubs with low to moderately high tactics. No significant difference in attachment was found when accounting for clubs’ frequency of competition or travel. The findings support the use of formal socialization to enhance club members’ feelings of attachment.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866120904037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47129525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866119883600
Oliver W A Wilson, S. Walters, Michael E. Naylor, J. Clarke
University (i.e., college) students often encounter constraints to physical activity and sport participation that alter, or totally prevent, participation. The purpose of this study was to examine first-year university students’ negotiation of participation constraints and how their negotiation strategies had changed following the transition from high school to a university (transition). Data were collected from 121 first-year students at a New Zealand university using an online questionnaire. Data were collected on the duration, frequency, and types of physical activity in relation to high school and university, sociodemographic variables, and students’ use of negotiation strategies. Changes in negotiation and participation following the transition were assessed using open-ended questions. Following the transition, students’ participation preferences/patterns had changed. Analysis revealed three prominent negotiation factors: well-being management, interpersonal, and time prioritization and financial management. Differences in negotiation based on sociodemographic variables and participation were also revealed. The relationships between motives, negotiation, constraints, and participation were also explored.
{"title":"University Students’ Negotiation of Physical Activity and Sport Participation Constraints","authors":"Oliver W A Wilson, S. Walters, Michael E. Naylor, J. Clarke","doi":"10.1177/1558866119883600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866119883600","url":null,"abstract":"University (i.e., college) students often encounter constraints to physical activity and sport participation that alter, or totally prevent, participation. The purpose of this study was to examine first-year university students’ negotiation of participation constraints and how their negotiation strategies had changed following the transition from high school to a university (transition). Data were collected from 121 first-year students at a New Zealand university using an online questionnaire. Data were collected on the duration, frequency, and types of physical activity in relation to high school and university, sociodemographic variables, and students’ use of negotiation strategies. Changes in negotiation and participation following the transition were assessed using open-ended questions. Following the transition, students’ participation preferences/patterns had changed. Analysis revealed three prominent negotiation factors: well-being management, interpersonal, and time prioritization and financial management. Differences in negotiation based on sociodemographic variables and participation were also revealed. The relationships between motives, negotiation, constraints, and participation were also explored.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866119883600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65558886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866119883595
Anthony F. Patterson, Catherine E. Dorwart
Personal, social, and cultural issues influence any student’s ability to succeed in college, but these issues are more pronounced for African American males from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Since campus engagement, recreation, and leisure can play pivotal roles in a student’s experience, investigating their influence relative to social integration might facilitate better understanding of the contemporary issues these students face. The purpose of this study was to explore how African American male undergraduates from low SES backgrounds perceived leisure and the role that campus engagement played in their social integration at a PWI. Seventeen African American male undergraduates from low SES backgrounds were interviewed. While several themes emerged, this article focuses on discovering a sense of self and navigating campus cultures. This research demonstrated that recreation and leisure spaces were instrumental in developing a sense of purpose for the young men at this PWI.
{"title":"A Gateway to Learning: Exploring the Role of Campus Recreation and Leisure Experiences in Developing a Sense of Purpose in African American Males at a PWI","authors":"Anthony F. Patterson, Catherine E. Dorwart","doi":"10.1177/1558866119883595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866119883595","url":null,"abstract":"Personal, social, and cultural issues influence any student’s ability to succeed in college, but these issues are more pronounced for African American males from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Since campus engagement, recreation, and leisure can play pivotal roles in a student’s experience, investigating their influence relative to social integration might facilitate better understanding of the contemporary issues these students face. The purpose of this study was to explore how African American male undergraduates from low SES backgrounds perceived leisure and the role that campus engagement played in their social integration at a PWI. Seventeen African American male undergraduates from low SES backgrounds were interviewed. While several themes emerged, this article focuses on discovering a sense of self and navigating campus cultures. This research demonstrated that recreation and leisure spaces were instrumental in developing a sense of purpose for the young men at this PWI.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866119883595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866119885191
Chad Van Dyk, W. J. Weese
Leaders at Canadian universities seek to attract and graduate more Indigenous students as part of their institutions’ strategic plans. Admissions and student retention data suggest that while progress is being made, a gap remains between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students and especially in the student retention area. Research has proven that student engagement plays a large role in facilitating academic progression and student retention in our institutions of higher learning. Throughout time, many students point to their experience as campus recreation program participants and/or leaders as their most important source of engagement. Some have suggested that campus recreation programs could play a larger and more effective role in engaging Indigenous students and heightening their retention rates. In this conceptual article, the authors analyze the student engagement and retention literature bases relative to Indigenous students. They also highlight the role that campus recreation programs can play in heightening Indigenous student engagement and retention and offer professionals 12 recommendations to help advance this strategic priority.
{"title":"The Undeniable Role That Campus Recreation Programs Can Play in Increasing Indigenous Student Engagement and Retention","authors":"Chad Van Dyk, W. J. Weese","doi":"10.1177/1558866119885191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866119885191","url":null,"abstract":"Leaders at Canadian universities seek to attract and graduate more Indigenous students as part of their institutions’ strategic plans. Admissions and student retention data suggest that while progress is being made, a gap remains between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students and especially in the student retention area. Research has proven that student engagement plays a large role in facilitating academic progression and student retention in our institutions of higher learning. Throughout time, many students point to their experience as campus recreation program participants and/or leaders as their most important source of engagement. Some have suggested that campus recreation programs could play a larger and more effective role in engaging Indigenous students and heightening their retention rates. In this conceptual article, the authors analyze the student engagement and retention literature bases relative to Indigenous students. They also highlight the role that campus recreation programs can play in heightening Indigenous student engagement and retention and offer professionals 12 recommendations to help advance this strategic priority.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866119885191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46257048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1558866119889903
Leon Lifschutz
Student affairs and campus recreation practitioners trumpet the values of cocurricular experiences and believe that they can have a deep impact on key learning outcomes for participants. This study surveys club sports participants at the University of Vermont to assess club sports participant satisfaction, belonging, and participations impact on key outcomes. The study affirms the reliability and validity of the survey instrument through strong internal consistency scores and factor analysis. It also positively affirms a positive relationship between key variables such as satisfaction and belonging to key outcomes. A final key finding of this study is the statistically significant effect of belonging scores on key outcomes.
{"title":"Examining What Variables Lead to Improved Outcomes for Club Sports Participants","authors":"Leon Lifschutz","doi":"10.1177/1558866119889903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1558866119889903","url":null,"abstract":"Student affairs and campus recreation practitioners trumpet the values of cocurricular experiences and believe that they can have a deep impact on key learning outcomes for participants. This study surveys club sports participants at the University of Vermont to assess club sports participant satisfaction, belonging, and participations impact on key outcomes. The study affirms the reliability and validity of the survey instrument through strong internal consistency scores and factor analysis. It also positively affirms a positive relationship between key variables such as satisfaction and belonging to key outcomes. A final key finding of this study is the statistically significant effect of belonging scores on key outcomes.","PeriodicalId":55615,"journal":{"name":"Recreational Sports Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1558866119889903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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