Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.4.373
Jafar Yahyavidizaj, M. Arab, S. Emamgholipour, Faroogh Na'emani
Distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran Jafar Yahyavidizaj 1 , Mohamad Arab 1 , Sara Emamgholipour 1 , Faroogh Na'emani 1 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payesh 2020; 19 (4): 373 – 381 Accepted for publication: 18 August 2020 [EPub a head of print-2 September 2020] Objective (s): Oral health is one of the most important factors affecting people's well-being. However, there are major obstacle to accessing dental services including high medical costs, lack of financial resources and human resources. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was designed and implemented using the National Household Expenditure Survey data from 2011 to 2017. Gini coefficient was used to measure the distribution of manpower and household payment. All analyzes were performed using MS Excel 2013 software. Results: Across the country, there were 5.56 dentists per thousand. Qazvin, Hamedan, Yazd, Mazandaran and Ilam provinces had the highest average and Alborz, Lorestan, Qom, Khuzestan and Khorasan Razavi provinces had the lowest average number of dentists. The Gini coefficient of dentists' distribution in 2012 was 0.41 and with slight decrease it was 0.40 in 2017. Also, the Gini coefficient of payment for household dental costs in rural areas was 0.68 and 0.66 in urban areas in 2012 and it was 0.70 and 0.65 in rural and urban areas in 2017, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, inequality in distribution of dentists in public sector and household use of dental services during the study period has not changed significantly. Given the high Gini coefficient of households for dental services in rural areas compared to urban areas, it seems that covering dental services can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality. In addition, implementing appropriate programs to facilitate access to dental services for disadvantaged households can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality.
伊朗公共部门牙医的分布和家庭对牙科服务的支付Jafar Yahyavidizaj 1, Mohamad Arab 1, Sara Emamgholipour 1, Faroogh Na’emani 1。德黑兰医科大学公共卫生学院，伊朗德黑兰19(4): 373 - 381接受发表:2020年8月18日[EPub a head print- 2020年9月2日]目标:口腔健康是影响人们福祉的最重要因素之一。然而，获得牙科服务的主要障碍包括高昂的医疗费用、缺乏财政资源和人力资源。因此，本研究的设计和实施是为了调查牙医在公共部门和家庭支付牙科服务在伊朗的分布。方法:本研究采用2011 - 2017年全国家庭支出调查数据进行设计和实施。基尼系数用来衡量人力和家庭收入的分配。所有分析均采用MS Excel 2013软件进行。结果:全国每千人中有5.56名牙医。加兹温、哈马丹、亚兹德、马赞达兰和伊拉姆省的平均牙医人数最高，阿尔博尔兹、洛雷斯坦、库姆、胡齐斯坦和呼罗珊·拉扎维省的平均牙医人数最低。2012年牙医分布的基尼系数为0.41,2017年略有下降，为0.40。2012年农村居民家庭牙科费用支付基尼系数为0.68、0.66,2017年农村和城市居民家庭牙科费用支付基尼系数分别为0.70、0.65。结论:根据本研究的结果，在研究期间，公营机构牙医的分布不均及住户使用牙科服务的情况并无明显改变。鉴于农村地区家庭接受牙科服务的基尼系数高于城市地区，覆盖牙科服务似乎是减少这种不平等的有效措施。此外，实施适当的方案，促进弱势家庭获得牙科服务，是减少这种不平等的有效措施。
{"title":"Distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran","authors":"Jafar Yahyavidizaj, M. Arab, S. Emamgholipour, Faroogh Na'emani","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.4.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.4.373","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran Jafar Yahyavidizaj 1 , Mohamad Arab 1 , Sara Emamgholipour 1 , Faroogh Na'emani 1 1. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Payesh 2020; 19 (4): 373 – 381 Accepted for publication: 18 August 2020 [EPub a head of print-2 September 2020] Objective (s): Oral health is one of the most important factors affecting people's well-being. However, there are major obstacle to accessing dental services including high medical costs, lack of financial resources and human resources. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to investigate the distribution of dentists in public sector and household payments for dental services in Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was designed and implemented using the National Household Expenditure Survey data from 2011 to 2017. Gini coefficient was used to measure the distribution of manpower and household payment. All analyzes were performed using MS Excel 2013 software. Results: Across the country, there were 5.56 dentists per thousand. Qazvin, Hamedan, Yazd, Mazandaran and Ilam provinces had the highest average and Alborz, Lorestan, Qom, Khuzestan and Khorasan Razavi provinces had the lowest average number of dentists. The Gini coefficient of dentists' distribution in 2012 was 0.41 and with slight decrease it was 0.40 in 2017. Also, the Gini coefficient of payment for household dental costs in rural areas was 0.68 and 0.66 in urban areas in 2012 and it was 0.70 and 0.65 in rural and urban areas in 2017, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, inequality in distribution of dentists in public sector and household use of dental services during the study period has not changed significantly. Given the high Gini coefficient of households for dental services in rural areas compared to urban areas, it seems that covering dental services can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality. In addition, implementing appropriate programs to facilitate access to dental services for disadvantaged households can be an effective measure to reduce this inequality.","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.4.469
محمد خمرنیا, مصطفی پیوند, فاطمه ستوده زاده
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Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.4.445
Roya Dargahi, M. Heravi-Karimooi, N. Rejeh, H. Nia, Ali Montazeri
Translation and initial validation of the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Inventory Roya Dargahi 1 , Majideh Heravi-Karimooi 2 , Nahid Rejeh 2 , Hamid sharif Nia 3 , Ali Montazeri 4 1. Shahed University, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 2. Elderly Care Research Centre Shahed University, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 3. School of Nursing & Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical sciences, Sari, Iran 4. Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Payesh 2020; 19 (4): 445 – 453 Accepted for publication: 1 August 2020 [EPub a head of print-25 August 2020] Objective (s): Assessing the disability of the elderly requires a specific instrument. The Groningen Frailty Inventory is one of the known instruments that used to measure the ability of the elderly. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the GFI questionnaire. Methods: The present study was a methodological study which was performed on 139 elderly people. The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian and face and content validity were determined qualitatively. The quantitative validation was performed using construct validity (known groups comparison and concurrent validity). The General Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. Reliability was assessed by estimating internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The results of the known groups analysis showed that the questionnaire well differentiated disability score in older men versus women as hypothesized. Older people with lower education also had lower score as compared to well-educated older participants. Concurrent validity indicated a significant correlation between the Persian version of the Groningen Frailty and the General Anxiety Inventory. The internal consistency (KuderRichardson) was 0.762. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-weeks interval was 0.61. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Indicator is a valid instrument and now could be used for measuring in research and clinical practice. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFI using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.
格罗宁根脆弱性清单波斯语版本的翻译和初步验证Roya Dargahi 1，Majideh Heravi Karimooi 2 , Nahid Rejeh 2，Hamid sharif Nia 3，Ali Montazeri 41。沙希德大学护理与助产学院，伊朗德黑兰2。伊朗德黑兰沙希德大学护理与助产学院老年护理研究中心3。伊朗萨里马赞德兰医科大学阿莫尔护理与助产学院4。伊朗健康科学研究所健康指标研究中心，ACECR，德黑兰，伊朗Payesh 2020；19（4）：445–453接受出版时间：2020年8月1日[EPub a head of print-2020年8月25日]目标：评估老年人的残疾需要一种特定的工具。格罗宁根脆弱性量表是用于衡量老年人能力的已知仪器之一。本研究旨在翻译并初步验证GFI问卷的波斯语版本。方法：本研究对139名老年人进行方法学研究。问卷从英语翻译成波斯语，并定性地确定了面孔和内容的有效性。使用结构有效性（已知组比较和并发有效性）进行定量验证。一般焦虑量表用于同时有效性。通过评估内部一致性和重新测试分析来评估可靠性。结果：已知群体分析的结果表明，该问卷很好地区分了老年男性和女性的残疾评分。与受过良好教育的老年参与者相比，受教育程度较低的老年人得分也较低。同时有效性表明波斯语版格罗宁根虚弱与一般焦虑量表之间存在显著相关性。内部一致性（KuderRichardson）为0.762。间隔两周的问卷的测试-再测试信度（ICC）为0.61。结论：波斯版Groningen虚弱指数是一种有效的仪器，可用于研究和临床实践。建议未来的研究使用更大样本量的因子分析来评估GFI的结构有效性。
{"title":"Translation and initial validation of the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Inventory","authors":"Roya Dargahi, M. Heravi-Karimooi, N. Rejeh, H. Nia, Ali Montazeri","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.4.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.4.445","url":null,"abstract":"Translation and initial validation of the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Inventory Roya Dargahi 1 , Majideh Heravi-Karimooi 2 , Nahid Rejeh 2 , Hamid sharif Nia 3 , Ali Montazeri 4 1. Shahed University, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 2. Elderly Care Research Centre Shahed University, College of Nursing & Midwifery, Tehran, Iran 3. School of Nursing & Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical sciences, Sari, Iran 4. Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Payesh 2020; 19 (4): 445 – 453 Accepted for publication: 1 August 2020 [EPub a head of print-25 August 2020] Objective (s): Assessing the disability of the elderly requires a specific instrument. The Groningen Frailty Inventory is one of the known instruments that used to measure the ability of the elderly. The present study aimed to translate and initially validate the Persian version of the GFI questionnaire. Methods: The present study was a methodological study which was performed on 139 elderly people. The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian and face and content validity were determined qualitatively. The quantitative validation was performed using construct validity (known groups comparison and concurrent validity). The General Anxiety Inventory was used for concurrent validity. Reliability was assessed by estimating internal consistency and test-retest analyses. Results: The results of the known groups analysis showed that the questionnaire well differentiated disability score in older men versus women as hypothesized. Older people with lower education also had lower score as compared to well-educated older participants. Concurrent validity indicated a significant correlation between the Persian version of the Groningen Frailty and the General Anxiety Inventory. The internal consistency (KuderRichardson) was 0.762. Test-retest reliability (ICC) of the questionnaire with a two-weeks interval was 0.61. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Persian version of Groningen Frailty Indicator is a valid instrument and now could be used for measuring in research and clinical practice. It is suggested that the future studies assess the structural validity of the GFI using factor analysis with a bigger sample size.","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45445580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk factors for measles among people living in cities under coverage of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran: A case-control study","authors":"وحید مشایخی مزار, علی دهقانی, شهره عالیان سماک خواه, کیاوش هوشمندی, سلمان دانشی, مسعود میرزایی, رضا فاریابی, محسن عسگری شاهی, مهدی راعی","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.4.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.4.415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"415-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45509368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.4.383
نسرین خواجه علی, مریم اسلمی, مرضیه عربان
Analysis of medical and dentistry basic sciences examinations: A case study Nasrin Khajeali 1 , Maryam Aslami 2 , Marzieh Araban 3 1. Razi Hospital Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2. MSc in Medical Education, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,
{"title":"Analysis of medical and dentistry basic sciences examinations: A case study","authors":"نسرین خواجه علی, مریم اسلمی, مرضیه عربان","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.4.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.4.383","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of medical and dentistry basic sciences examinations: A case study Nasrin Khajeali 1 , Maryam Aslami 2 , Marzieh Araban 3 1. Razi Hospital Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2. MSc in Medical Education, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 3. Department of Health Education and Promotion, Public Health School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"383-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.4.405
Ameneh Amraei, M. Anoosheh, A. Kazemnejad
{"title":"The Effect of a designed Care Program for Hemiplegic Stroke Patients on Family Caregivers' Stress, Anxiety and Depression","authors":"Ameneh Amraei, M. Anoosheh, A. Kazemnejad","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.4.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.4.405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45419016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.3.255
A. Mosadeghrad, H. Dehnavi, Alireza Darrudi
{"title":"Equity in hospital beds distribution in Zanjan Province, Iran","authors":"A. Mosadeghrad, H. Dehnavi, Alireza Darrudi","doi":"10.29252/payesh.19.3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/payesh.19.3.255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55683,"journal":{"name":"Payesh","volume":"19 1","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47024238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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