Fibers and Polymers最新文献

This study aims to treat cotton fabric with gum isolated from Apple Rock Bael (ARB) by applying a new technology method named microwave irradiation (MW) and ultrasonic wave (US) to simplify its dyeing process with acid dye and enhance its properties. Additionally, this study thoroughly discussed the role of the response surface methodology in optimizing diffusion capacity. Reasonably large levels of performance fabric properties are obtained using Minitab® statistical software. The response surface methodology (RSM) facilitated treatment and curing optimization, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and XRD. The SEM revealed the treated material on the treated cotton fabric surface. The treatment conditions were optimized by applying different gum concentrations at different temperatures for various time under MW irradiation and US waves. The K/S and fastness properties were evaluated of acid-dyed-treated cotton fabric. Under optimal treatment conditions, we investigated the effects of treated cotton fabrics on their biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. The current study revealed that using natural gum isolated from ARB as a finishing agent offers a sustainable solution and aligns with the growing demand for eco-friendly textile processing methods. The finding illustrates that the maximum predicted value of K/S for MW was 13.90, while the data optimum condition was 4 g at 100 °C for 30 min for the US wave the maximum predicted value of K/S was 9.15, change in isolated gum concentration, treated time, and treated temperature have a highly significant effect on the K/S according to the results (p values are 0.00045, 0.00079, and 0.000242, respectively) when using MW irradiation. In contrast, time and temperature (US) have insignificant effects on K/S results; p values are 0.0245 and 0.0140 when applying US. The optimum data of curing condition were at 75 watts for 100 s when using MW, and at 90 watts for 120 s when applying US wave. Under this condition, the maximum predicted value of K/S for coloring of curing-treated cotton fabric was 15.0609 and 12.907 when applying MW irradiation and US waves, respectively. FTIR and SEM were also investigated. This approach could potentially reduce the environmental impact of textile manufacturing while maintaining or even enhancing the quality of the finished products. Furthermore, the successful application of this bio-waste material in fabric treatment could inspire further research into other underutilized natural resources for textile applications.

Functional textiles featuring odor adsorption, controlled release, and antibacterial properties have attracted considerable interest for applications in personal care and environmental purification. To address the limited stability and durability of native β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in health-protective textile coatings, a chemically modified β-CD was synthesized using DPT as a functionalizing agent. The successful chemical modification of β-CD was validated through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. These microcapsules were then applied to fabric coatings, endowing the textiles with multifunctional properties, including odor control and ultraviolet (UV) protection. The results demonstrated that increasing the modified β-CD content from 10 to 25% improved the adsorption rate of trans-2-nonenal from 23.97 to 64.48% at room temperature. Under UV irradiation, brominated diphenylthiophene acts as a photosensitizer that generates reactive radicals and enhances molecular activity, effectively degrading trans-2-nonenal via radical attack and photooxidation reactions. Additionally, the treated fabrics also exhibited significantly enhanced UV-shielding performance, achieving an UPF value of 73.5, which remained at 40.29 even after 30 abrasion cycles. These findings indicate the potential of modified β-CD microcapsules in creating durable, multifunctional textiles with superior sensory and protective capabilities.

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This study investigates the thermo-physiological comfort behavior of bi-layer knitted fabrics composed of bamboo viscose, micro-polyester, and spun polyester yarns arranged in varied face–back layer configurations. Six bi-layer samples were developed and evaluated for air permeability, water vapor permeability (Ret), thermal conductivity, and thermal resistivity using standard instruments, such as Alambeta and Permetest. The results revealed that fiber composition and layer orientation significantly influence heat and moisture transfer characteristics. Fabrics with bamboo as the outer layer and micro-polyester as the inner layer exhibited optimal comfort performance, demonstrating low thermal conductivity, high thermal resistivity, and excellent moisture vapor permeability. Micro-polyester layers enhanced breathability, while bamboo fibers contributed to insulation and moisture management. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate fiber combinations and structural configurations for designing high-performance sportswear that maintains thermal balance and comfort under varying physiological and environmental conditions.

The design of conventional three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composites often relies on extensive theoretical computations, time-consuming simulations, or costly experimental testing. These methods involve high expenses and extended development cycles, which pose significant challenges to rapid design processes. This study develops a parametric multi-scale finite element (FE) model along with a corresponding artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of three-dimensional orthogonal woven composites. The FE model systematically investigates the influence of various parameters on elastic constants, demonstrating less than 4% deviation in both tensile and shear moduli compared to mechanical tests. An automated workflow bridging TexGen and Abaqus was employed to generate a dataset of 4655 samples, encompassing variations in microstructural composition, yarn fabrication, preform weaving, and curing conditions. Based on this dataset, an artificial neural network-based surrogate model was trained, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of only 2.34% relative to the full FE simulations, while reducing computational time by a factor of 58,000. This integrated framework provides a robust foundation for the rapid design and optimization of 3D orthogonal woven composites, establishing an efficient pathway for the development of advanced fiber-reinforced materials.

Keratin, a naturally derived biopolymer, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, presenting potential application prospect in tissue engineering by 3D printing. This study developed a novel bioink by incorporating glycidyl methacrylate-modified keratin (Ker-GMA) with the methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and nanoclay, and a novel 3D printing keratin-based scaffold (Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds) was prepared using the bioink. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful synthesis Ker-GMA and HAMA and the degree of substitution of Ker-GMA and HAMA were quantified as 27.8 ± 1.2% and 43.4 ± 1.4% by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). Rheological tests demonstrated that the keratin-based bioink with 10wt% nanoclay addition is suitable for printing application and present excellent optical crosslinking property. In vitro cell culture experiments confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds. The relative growth rate (RGR) of the L929 fibroblasts on the scaffold reached 96% at 1 day, and further increased to 127% by day 5, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffold is a promising candidate for tissue regeneration.

We present the synthesis and characterization of a pendant polyviologen copolymer with liquid crystalline side chains, poly(APPV-RM105), exhibiting transmissive-to-black electrochromic switching. This copolymer integrates an asymmetric viologen derivative tailored for robust black electrochromic switching. Though the role of liquid crystalline side chains on electrochromic properties has not been explicitly evidenced, the electrochromic devices (ECDs) incorporating poly(APPV-RM105) reveal excellent performances, including fast switching (< 10 s), high ionic conductivity (5.82 mS/cm), outstanding optical contrast (91% change in transmittance), and extended cycling stability for more than 300 cycles. In addition, the black ECDs exhibit strong photothermal conversion and heat-shielding capabilities. The current polymer-based single-component device structure simplifies fabrication, underscoring the considerable potential for practical applications, such as smart windows, adaptive displays, and thermal management systems.

Indonesia’s reliance on synthetic fibers and the unmet domestic demand for cotton highlight the need for local alternative fibers to achieve self-sufficiency in textile raw materials. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) shows high potential but is limited by flammability. Tannin-based non-isocyanate bio-polyurethane (T-Bio-NIPU) can be used as a ramie-impregnating agent to enhance the thermal stability and mechanical properties of ramie. This research aims to analyze the synthesis of T-Bio-NIPU, determine its characteristics, and evaluate ramie fibers, threads, and fabrics impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU. T-Bio-NIPU was synthesised from concentrated tannin extract, dimethyl carbonate, and hexamethylenetetramine, and then applied to ramie by impregnation. Tannin extraction yielded 22.71%. FTIR confirmed the presence of urethane bonds in T-Bio-NIPU and impregnated samples. Formulation type (F1–F4) and sample type (fiber, thread, and fabric) significantly influenced tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and flammability. Ramie fibers impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU F3 exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, whereas the impregnated fabrics had the lowest burning rate. Fibers were more susceptible to hydrolysis than threads and fabrics. These findings highlight T-Bio-NIPU’s potential to develop high-performance, flame-retardant ramie textiles using local resources and promote innovative functional textile solutions.

This study investigates the quasi-static indentation (QSI) behaviour of sandwich structures composed of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) face sheets and an aluminium honeycomb core. The sandwich specimens were fabricated and tested in accordance with ASTM D-7766 standards to evaluate their energy absorption characteristics, load-bearing response, and failure mechanisms under indentation loading. Numerical simulations were carried out using ABAQUS/Explicit to validate the experimental results. The Hashin failure criterion was applied to model damage in the GFRP face sheets, while the aluminium core was characterized using material properties appropriate for Johnson Cook damage behaviour. Experimental observations revealed dominant failure modes such as core crushing, face sheet delamination, and fibre fracture. These failure patterns were effectively captured in the numerical simulations, providing valuable insights into the damage progression and internal stress distribution within the sandwich panels. A strong correlation between experimental and simulation results confirmed the accuracy of the numerical model in predicting QSI performance. This combined experimental–numerical investigation demonstrates the structural efficiency and energy-absorbing potential of GFRP/aluminium honeycomb sandwich composites, making them suitable candidates for use in load-resistant and lightweight engineering applications.

The textile dyeing industry faces increasing pressure to reduce chemical usage and improve resource efficiency. This study applies Support Vector Regression (SVR) to predict the dye saturation region of recycled PET/PCT fabrics dyed with a single disperse black dye. The objective is to identify the optimal dye concentration range using a machine learning–based approach. K/S values obtained from fabrics dyed at various concentrations were used to train and evaluate SVR models. Model performance was assessed using standard regression metrics such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean squared error (MSE). The SVR model demonstrated high predictive accuracy and effectively captured gradient transitions near the saturation region. From the predicted K/S curves, the point at which further dye addition yields no significant increase in color strength was quantitatively determined. Despite the limited number of training samples, the model successfully learned the nonlinear characteristics of the dyeing response and showed greater robustness to outliers than conventional regression methods. These findings support the potential of SVR as a reliable tool for predicting dye saturation points and optimizing dye use in deep black shade development, contributing to reduced experimental workload and improved resource efficiency.

Herein, a lignin-based waterborne polyurethane modified with phytic acid (PA) was developed as a bio-based flame-retardant termed LPUPA to improve the flame resistance and mechanical performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. Kraft lignin (KL) was initially functionalized with isophorone diisocyanate to form a lignin-based polyurethane (LWPU), followed by further phosphorylation using PA to obtain LPUPA. LPUPA exhibited excellent aqueous dispersibility and interfacial compatibility with PVA, enabling uniform film formation via a solvent casting method. Structural characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful incorporation of urethane and phosphate groups. Compared with physically mixed KL, LPUPA showed improved dispersion, forming a more homogeneous film morphology and enhancing the tensile strength and toughness of PVA composites. Thermal analysis revealed that LPUPA lowered the onset decomposition temperature but significantly increased the maximum decomposition temperature and the amount of char residue under nitrogen and air. Combustion test results demonstrated that LPUPA effectively suppressed ignition and improved the limiting oxygen index of PVA films from 18.6% to 27.1%. The flame-retardant mechanism was attributed to condensed-phase char formation and gas-phase radical quenching as indicated by the Raman spectroscopy and XPS results of the char layer. The phosphorus-rich structure of LPUPA facilitated the formation of a stable, graphitized char layer through P–O–C and P–N–C linkages. These results demonstrated that LPUPA is a promising bio-based flame-retardant for sustainable polymer applications.

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