Fibers and Polymers最新文献

Natural products extracted from plants with excellent dyeing properties are widely explored due to greener and sustainable dyeing methods. The current study is concerned with applying natural dye extracted from dewberry fruit by using T. chebula (black acacia) and A.mearnsii (myrobalan) as a source of bio-mordant. The results proved that dewberry fruit extract could be an excellent natural dye source for the coloration of tencel and other cellulosic textiles. Using bio-mordants like T.chebula and A.mearnsii has improved the color properties, producing vibrant shades of color with high color strength. The color fastness ratings tested by ISO standards showed improvement after using bio-mordant. Additionally, using the AATCC 100–1999 (The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorist) test methodology, the bio-mordanted tencel samples showed excellent bacterial reduction against S.aureus and E.coli bacteria. Hence, it is concluded that the dye extracted from dewberry fruit has huge potential to impart color on tencel fabric, producing vibrant shades of color and making the dyeing process greener and sustainable using bio-mordants.

This inspection explores the potential of 4-nitroaniline’s potential as a novel diazo component in synthesizing azo dyes, highlighting the research’s novelty. Two new azo dyes, designated 4-(4-nitrophenylazo) salicylic acid (SS) and 4-(4-nitrophenylazo) catechol (OH), were prepared by diazotization of 4-nitroaniline followed by coupling with salicylic acid and catechol, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and other analytical techniques confirmed the structural integrity of the dyes before and after application to cotton, wool, acrylic, and polyester fabrics. The dyes exhibited the best color strength (K/S) and fastness properties on cotton. The exhaustion and fixation of the dyes onto cotton fibers improved with increasing temperature, reaching optimal efficiencies (83.92 and 80.34% for SS and 89 and 84.36% for OH) at 95 °C. Furthermore, the study investigates a sustainable method for removing the dyes from textile wastewater. Sugarcane bagasse, a cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly sorbent, achieved effectual dye elimination from wastewater after sulfuric acid pre-treatment (superior to formaldehyde). This treatment achieved a remarkable 99.34% removal efficiency under optimal conditions (2.5 g, 50 ppm, pH 9, 200 rpm, 120 min). Adsorption exhibited characteristics of both Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics. Diffusion studies revealed intraparticle diffusion as the rate-controlling step, with film diffusion likely governing the adsorption. Regression modeling yielded an R² of 93.89% between process factors and dye removal. The effectiveness was further validated by treating real-world, highly polluted textile wastewater obtained from an Egyptian factory. The sugarcane bagasse treatment effectively removed dyes (almost 98.8%) under optimal conditions, demonstrating its reusability after multiple dye-removal cycles.

Abstract

Recent concerns have emerged over the textile industry’s commitment to sustainable development, primarily driven by the environmental impacts of fast fashion. Sericin, a sustainable biopolymer with potential textile applications, has garnered attention for its favorable properties. However, most sericin is discarded as waste during the silk degumming process, leading to environmental contamination and increased biological and chemical oxygen demands. To explore innovative uses of sericin in textile functionalization, this study thoroughly investigated the effects of sericin finishing on the thermal comfort properties of worsted wool fabric. Employing an exhaustion method, the research evaluated changes in chemical composition (including functional groups, elemental composition, and amino acid contents), morphology, thermal stability, and thermal comfort attributes (such as thermal resistance, warming/cooling perception, air and moisture permeability, moisture regain, and hydrophobicity) of sericin-treated worsted fabric. The results indicated significant enhancements in primary transmission characteristics, with sericin-treated wool fabric exhibiting notable improvements in thermal resistance (0.041 ± 0.007 K.m²/W–three times higher than untreated wool), warmth perception (maximum heat flux of 0.096 ± 0.003 W/cm²), moisture vapor transmission rate (3.45 ± 0.15 mg/cm²/h), air permeability (106.13 ± 2.46 cm³/cm²/s), moisture regain (13.17 ± 0.25%), and contact angle (123.68 ± 1.32 º). Additionally, sericin altered the wool fabric’s elemental composition, amino acid contents, and thermal stability. Given the widespread use of sericin in textile manufacturing, this study underscores the potential for sericin finishing to enhance value and sustainability in worsted wool fabric production.

Graphical abstract

Environmental concerns drive the demand for sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials, as high synthetic usage leads to waste and toxic emissions, while natural fibers offer biodegradability, low cost, and lightness. In this study, Mariscus ligularis fiber, developed into bidirectional mats with orientations of ±45°, ±60°, and 0°/90° (A, B, and C), was reinforced with epoxy resin LY556 and hardener HY951. Nine composite laminates with 20, 30, and 40% fiber weight fractions were fabricated using hand lay-up techniques. The mechanical, viscoelastic, thermal, heat distortion temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature (VST), and water absorption properties were characterized according to ASTM standards. The mechanical characterization reveals that the 0°/90° laminate with 40% fiber (C40) exhibited the best tensile strength (22.97 MPa) and flexural strength (45.31 MPa). The ±60° laminate with 40% fiber (B40) had the highest impact strength (8 J) and hardness (93.25). The viscoelastic studies indicated that the C40 composite exhibited the most elevated storage modulus (Eʹ) and loss modulus (Eʺ), and the highest glass transition temperature (T_g), signifying strong interfacial bonding and effective stress transfer. The thermal stability of the composites is up to 270 °C. C40 had an HDT of 60.2 °C, a VST of 75.3 °C, and a minimal water absorption of 4.5% after 24 h. The microstructural study confirmed favorable fiber-matrix adhesion and structural properties, making these composites suitable for automotive interior panels and lightweight applications.

In recent years, the interest in using natural dyes for coloring fabrics has surged due to their eco-friendliness and lower impact on human health. As a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, which pose environmental concerns, natural dyes are gaining significance in the textile industry. Therefore, developing more efficient extraction methods for natural dyes from plant materials for various applications, including food, cosmetics, and textiles, is essential. This study investigates the extraction and dyeing of a novel natural dye derived from Hypericum triquetrifolium. It examines the impact of supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂) extraction compared to traditional aqueous methods. The extraction process was analyzed using gravimetric analysis, FTIR, and HPLC chromatography. The findings revealed that ScCO₂ significantly improved the extraction efficiency of the dyes. Additionally, initial assessments were conducted to evaluate the dyeing capabilities of the extracts obtained through both aqueous and ScCO₂ methods on multifiber samples using various dyeing techniques.

To develop thermal regulation nanofibers, this work used polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution and polylactic acid (PLA) solution as the inner and outer spinning fluids and developed PLA/PEG (P_oP_i) nanofibers using coaxial electrospinning process. Through XRD, FTIR, and water contact angle analysis, it was confirmed that the PLA of P_oP_i has a certain encapsulation effect on the inner layer of PEG, but the encapsulation effect decreases with the increase of PEG spinning solution concentration. PEG20 with a PEG spinning solution concentration of 20 wt% obtained smaller average diameters, while PEG40 with a PEG spinning solution concentration of 40 wt% showed a significant decrease in fiber formability and hydrophobicity. PEG significantly improved the mechanical properties of P_oP_i, and the Young’s modulus, yield stress, breaking stress, and breaking strain of PEG30 were increased by 18.24 MPa, 2.13 MPa, 3.54 MPa, and 41.65%, respectively, compared to pure PLA. The DSC curves of P_oP_i show a melting endothermic peak attributed to PEG, and the peak temperature gradually decreases with increasing PEG concentration. The P_oP_i exhibits temperature hysteresis during both heating and cooling processes, with PEG30 experiencing delays of 7.6 °C and 6.8 °C compared to pure PLA after heating and cooling for 5 s, respectively, indicating excellent thermal regulation ability. This work investigated the effect of PEG spinning solution concentration on inner and outer layer differences and the performance of P_oP_i, providing a theoretical basis for the development of coaxial electrospinning nanofibers for thermal regulation based on low-molecular-weight PEG.

A significant challenge in the clothing industry is sustainable manufacturing with reduced exposure to toxic chemicals. This research presents a novel modification in the resin finishing of cotton fabric via successful compounding of etherified DMDHEU resin, waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and polyethylene wax (PEW) and its application by one-step eco-friendly route (Pad-Dry-Cure). Our hybrid finish formulation (DMDHEU resin/WPU/PEW) perfectly balanced ultra-high wear resistance, fast wrinkle recovery rate, and comfort properties. The optimal application conditions for etherified 2D resin and the conventional catalytic system magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) were determined through the PAD-DRY-Cure finishing route, focusing on parameters such as resin concentration, curing time, and temperature. Second, a compounding of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and etherified DMDHEU resin finish formulation was obtained, followed by an application and evaluation of the corresponding performance properties of the finished fabric with the compounded DMDHEU resin/WPU. Third, polyethylene wax (PEW) synthesis followed by cotton fabric finishing using optimized PEW and DMDHEU resin/ WPU hybrid finish formulation was done. Finally, finished fabric properties were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural analysis to examine its microstructure. Under optimized finishing conditions, the hybrid finish formulation consisting of MDHEU resin/WPU/polyethylene wax (PEW) application on cotton fabric demonstrated efficient wear resistance, high wrinkle recovery rate, and good laundering durability. Additionally, there was minimal loss of tensile strength and better air and water permeability, indicating enhanced wearing comfort.

Graphical Abstract

The textile and chemical industries generate dyes wastewater with full of pollutants, which is very crucial to treat before discharging to the environment for public health safety. In this study, we have successfully prepared novel Cur/ANFs aerogel films by vacuum filtration and freeze–drying method to follow the in situ modification of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with natural carbohydrate polymer curcumin (Cur) to perform as an antibacterial material and adsorbent for removal of MG dye and metallic ions from aqueous media. The surface morphological properties were studied through SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, and XRD analysis. Further, TGA analysis shows the thermal stability of films, while films exhibit a moderate reduction in tensile strength upon addition of curcumin. In addition, 1.0-Cur/ANFs aerogel film exhibits an excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E.coli as compared to all films. Moreover, the parameters such as equilibrium time, adsorbent dose rate (5–20 mg) at fixed MG dye concentrations were determined to adsorption capacity of films. The results revealed that the pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model was fitted to adsorption mechanism with correlation coefficients (R² > 0.90). In addition, the 20 mg adsorbent of 1.0-Cur/ANFs aerogel film after 120 min contact time in MG dye solution have excellent adsorption capacity (93.68%) as compared to all samples. The adsorbent 1.0-Cur/ANFs aerogel film have high metallic (Cu; 5.82%, Zn; 2.33%, Pt; 3.11%) ions removal efficiency as compare to pure ANFs aerogel film (Cu; 0.03%, Zn; 0.01%, Pt; 2.75%). Further, the findings on reusability shows that adsorbent 1.0-Cur/ANFs aerogel film after 5th cycle still exhibit excellent (73.08%) adsorption capacity of Mg dye without deformation as compare to pure ANFs aerogel film (52.67%). Consequently, the inclusion of curcumin in ANFs is more suitable and cost-effective approach for removal of MG dye and our prepared 1.0-Cur/ANFs aerogel film is a promising candidate for purification of water and public health safety.

Graphical Abstract

The present study delves into the synthesis, computational investigation, and technical evaluation of bisazo-pyrazolin-5-one dyes, Dye 1–Dye 3, derived from a unique phenolic scaffold. The synthesis involved coupling diazotized anilines with 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4-(2-phenylhydrazono)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 2, resulting in novel disperse dyes. The primary objective was to explore the dyeing behavior of Dye 1–Dye 3 on polyester fabrics under varying conditions of time, temperature, shades, and pH levels. Upon systematically altering the dyeing parameters, such as temperature and duration, we observed a significant impact on the color strength (K/S values) of polyester samples colored with the synthesized disperse dyes. Increasing the dyeing temperature from 110 to 130 °C and extending the dyeing duration from 10 to 30 min yielded enhanced coloration. This investigation amalgamated experimental measurements with theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate the influence of functional groups (CH₃, NO₂) on the dyeing performance. DFT calculations provided insights into electronic properties, including HOMO/LUMO energies, band gap, and electrophilicity index. The study revealed that introducing a CH₃ group in Dye 2 augmented color strength compared to Dye 1, while a NO₂ group in Dye 3 exhibited the highest color strength (K/S = 30.9). This integration of experimental and computational approaches demonstrates the potential for optimizing dye design and improving dyeing performance tailored to specific textile applications.

Our team created and produced an innovative range of bioactive disperse dyes, depending on the functionalizing neocryptolepines connected to an azo-benzene sulfonyl moiety using various diaminoalkyl linker chains. These types of dyes are successfully applied to the creation of pastes for silkscreen printing of polyester fabric. To ascertain the dye strength, polyester printed samples underwent testing for washing, rubbing, perspiration, sublimation, and light fastness. In addition, L^*, a^*, and b^* were used to evaluate the hue of the color dyes. Using the colony forming unit (CFU) method, the antibacterial activity of the printed polyester fabrics was assessed. The anti-gram positive actions of fabric samples treated with 6c and 6f against S. aureus were encouraging. In contrast, fabrics treated with 6b, 6d, and 6e showed only mild anti-gram negative activity against the test bacterium L. monocytogenes.