Fibers and Polymers最新文献

The escalating concern over the environmental impact of synthetic dyes in the textile industry has fueled a burgeoning interest in natural alternatives. This study aims to investigate the dyeing performance of silk fabric using dye extracted from Chinese fringe leaves (Loropetalum chinense), which are devoid of harmful chemicals, and to promote eco-friendly practices. The extraction process involved normal heating with crushed leaves, ensuring a purely natural dyeing method. Through experimentation, it was observed that higher dyeing temperatures, increased dye ratios, and longer dyeing durations enhanced color strength in the silk fabric treated with the Chinese fringe leaves dye. An orthogonal (L¹⁶) Taguchi method was applied to determine the optimal dyeing conditions, emphasizing the significance of dye dosage and temperature in achieving maximum color strength. The initial parameter of K/S was 11.3 and the predicted parameter of K/S was 11.43, where the confirmation test value of K/S was 11.49 for the dyed fabric sample. Moreover, assessments of color fastness demonstrated satisfactory results ranging from good to excellent for washing, perspiration, rubbing, and light fastness. Fourier transform infrared analysis elucidated the interaction between dye molecules and silk fabric while scanning electron microscopy revealed the dye absorption by the silk fabric's surface. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed differences in thermal properties between dyed and undyed silk fabric, with dyed fabric exhibiting lower melting points and reduced thermal stability. Additionally, the dyed silk fabric exhibited decreased air permeability of 122 ± 2 mm/s with an increased protection factor of 317.9 against UV and sun rays compared to its undyed silk fabric sample. In inference, the dye extracted from Chinese fringe leaves possessed a favorable affinity for silk fabric, presenting a promising alternative to synthetic dyes for sustainable coloration and functionalization in the textile industry.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated significant potential in particulate matter (PM) filtration owing to their unique structural diversity and multifunctionality. The inherent properties of MOFs, such as high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable pore size distribution, make them exceptionally well-suited for efficient PM capture. However, MOFs in their powdered crystalline state exhibit drawbacks such as brittleness, insolubility, and difficulties in shaping, limiting their practical applications. To address these challenges, MOFs are integrated with self-supporting porous materials (SSPMs). This combination creates a hybrid of nanoscale and micro-nanoscale structures, offering high porosity, enhanced adsorption capacity, multi-scale filtration, robust structural stability, and multifunctionality. Ultimately, it broadens the application potential of MOFs through optimized interfacial bonding. The paper investigates the mechanisms of PM filtration and explores how these mechanisms are utilized in the preparation of MOF-based self-supporting porous materials (MOF-SSPMs). The study focuses on macro-scale preparation methods, such as in-situ growth, electrospinning, freeze-drying, hot-pressing and coating analyzing, and how these techniques specifically enhance MOF performance in PM filtration. A detailed analysis is also provided of the synergistic capabilities of MOF-SSPMs in air filtration, particularly regarding their effectiveness in adsorbing volatile organic compounds and eliminating toxic gases. Furthermore, the paper comprehensively discusses the future prospects of MOF-SSPMs in PM filtration, highlighting their potential benefits in improving filtration efficiency, reducing pressure drop, and enhancing chemical stability. The discussion is intended to provide novel insights and establish theoretical foundations to advance technologies in air purification and environmental protection.

This study focuses on the modification and application of metal–organic framework-5 (MOF-5) material, aiming to combine it optimally with polypropylene (PP) to create a fluorescence detection sensor. This sensor is designed to be highly efficient and sensitive to sulfur dioxide. The process begins with using polypropylene yarn as the base. Under alkaline conditions, dopamine (DA) undergoes oxidative polymerization, introducing an active DA thin layer on the PP yarn surface. This modification facilitates secondary functionalization and provides additional attachment sites, paving the way for the integration of MOF-5-NH₂. Subsequently, the amino group-treated MOF-5 is loaded onto the modified DA/PP yarn. The fluorescence induction of the resulting MOF-5-NH₂/DA/PP composite yarn to sulfite is then systematically studied. The final MOF-5-NH₂/DA/PP composite yarn exhibits satisfactory tensile performance, with a maximum tensile strength of 134.94 Mpa. Notably, the prepared fluorescence detection sensor demonstrates specificity, exhibiting a fluorescence opening effect only in the presence of sulfite, while other gases and ions do not trigger this effect. This research thus presents a novel strategy for the preparation of highly sensitive sulfite sensors.

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The paper investigates the impact of seawater (salt water) exposure on various characteristics of basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (BFREC). It also examines the effects of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate treatments on water absorption, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior. Structural analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphological assessment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed an increased density of functional groups (OH, methyl, Si-C, and Si-O) on basalt fiber surfaces post-treatment. As compared to untreated basalt fiber (UTB), the chemical treatment of basalt fiber with sodium carbonate notably enhanced the mechanical interlocking between the matrix and the fibers, resulting in a 26.74% increase in Young’s modulus, a 15.14% increase in tensile strength, and a 9.52% increase in hardness. Similarly, chemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide yielded significant improvements, including a 31.11% increase in tensile strength, a 45.51% increase in Young’s modulus, and a 28.57% increase in hardness. Sodium carbonate-treated BFREC exhibited a 19.76% reduction in water absorption and a 15.91% decrease in coefficient of friction, with slight reductions in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity after 45 days. Hydrogen peroxide-treated BFREC showed a 26.97% decrease in water absorption and a 21.83% decrease in coefficient of friction, with small reductions in modulus of elasticity and tensile strength over the same period. SEM imaging has been used for worn surface analysis.

Down fabric is the most natural form of thermal insulation due to its significant breathability, rendering down jackets excellent warmth retention effect. This study focused on the down heat storage technology to increase the heat storage temperature. The single quality optimization using the process parameters of the Taguchi method was discussed in the first stage. The experimental down heat storage process parameters included carbon powder, bridging agent, resin adhesive, and ethyl acetate. The corresponding down fabric quality characteristics were temperature rise, dust, and oxygen number. The Taguchi method was combined with the grey relational analysis (GRA) in the second stage to determine the grey relational grade (GRG) and perform multi-quality optimization. The optimized process parameters simultaneously achieved higher temperature rise, lower dust, and lower oxidation value, which were verified by verification experiments. The optimal process parameters are: carbon powder content at 1.2%, resin adhesive at 6%, bridging agent at 2.0%, and ethyl acetate at 0.4%. These yield a temperature rise of 7.8 °C, dust level 2, and oxygen number 1.6 mg/100 g, which are exceeding the industry standards: Temperature rise ≥ 3 °C, dust < Grade 4, oxygen number < 10 mg/100 g.

In the present work, five monoazo heterocyclic disperse dyes PY₁–PY₅ were synthesized in good yield. A 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine was used as a coupling component with five distinct heterocyclic diazonium salts. All the dyes are new except the dye PY₄. The obtained colorants were characterized by melting point, ¹H-NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis, FAB-LRMS, and FAB-HRMS. The main skeletons of the dyes PY₁, PY₃, and PY₄ were further confirmed by ¹³C-NMR (BB), ¹H–¹H COSY, ¹H–¹³C HSQC, and ¹H–¹³C HMBC. The effect of pH variation on the λ_max of these colorants was assessed in methanol and DMSO. Their solvatochromism analyses were performed in various organic solvents, e.g., acetic acid, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethyl formamide. The geometries of the dyes were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level, and their electronic excitation properties were determined using time-dependent density functional theory. The computed data were in good agreement with the experimental data. These colorants were applied to polyester fabric as disperse dyes and evaluated for build-up study along with complete observation of their fastness to water, washing, sublimation, rubbing, perspiration, and light. The antimicrobial exploration of these dyes was performed in detail against human pathogenic fungi including Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. The dye PY₅ was found to have promising inhibition against all the human pathogenic fungi used.

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In this study, single, 2- and 3-layered composite polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwovens containing SiO₂ xerogel and/or graphene were fabricated. In the first step, the xerogel-containing composites were prepared by either in situ SiO₂ xerogel embedding in the nonwoven or electrospinning SiO₂ xerogel-containing recycled PET (rPET) nanofibers on the nonwoven. Following, a graphene-containing electrospun rPET nanofibrous layer was constructed on both SiO₂ xerogel incorporated composite nonwovens and neat nonwoven. The resultant layered composites were morphologically, spectrally, and thermally characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and TGA. The thermal behavior of the composite structures was particularly investigated via analyzing their thermal comfort properties and infrared thermal images. It was observed that the best improvement in the insulating property of the nonwoven was reached when only SiO₂ xerogel was in situ embedded in the nonwoven, possessing a thermal conductivity coefficient of 32.65 mW/m^.K, lower than 43.45 mW/m^.K of bare nonwoven. Contrarily, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the composites improved the most when the nonwoven was covered only with graphene-loaded nanofibers, reaching 48.82 mW/m^.K, while composites containing both SiO₂ xerogel and graphene layers showed thermophysical properties in between with thermal conductivity coefficients of 37.05–41.20 mW/m^.K. The resultant composite nonwovens are encouraging materials for use in thermal management applications.

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This research primarily investigates the UV properties obtained in woven fabrics with different properties coated with micronized pumice. Most of the studies in the textile industry are based on the search for new technologies and materials to produce functional products. In this study, three different types of fabrics woven from polyamide/viscose, polyamide/linen and cotton/silk yarns were covered with 50-μm pumice material at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios. At these rates, the effect of pumice coating on the physical and UV properties of the mentioned fabrics was investigated. SEM/EDS analysis, tear strength, fabric stiffness (bending length) and air permeability values of the coated fabrics were evaluated. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the UPF values of fabrics coated with 15% pumice were improved by 5.08 times in cotton/silk, 8.7 times in polyamide/viscose and 34.9 times in polyamide/linen compared to control uncoated fabrics.

After being wet treated with 4% phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) aqueous solution, industrial hemp fiber was subjected to thermal stabilization processes at temperatures of 160, 180, 200, 220, 240 and finally 250 °C and holding times of 30 min. Some basic analyses were used to determine the structural and characteristic changes of all samples for the thermal stabilization of hemp fibers in an oxygen environment before the carbonization and activation processes. These included linear density, fiber thickness, flame testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements. DSC analysis showed that impregnation of the phosphoric acid (PA) mixture increased thermal stabilization and prevented the formation of volatile products by blocking the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose structure. TGA thermograms showed an increase in carbon yield at increasing stabilization temperature values. The results from XRD indicated that the cellulose II crystal structure disappears with the increase of the stabilization temperature and an amorphous structure appears. IR spectra show that the partial loss of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds continues as a result of the simultaneous removal of hydroxyl groups and water removal reactions. After a 250 °C stabilization, the carbon yield at 900 °C was 42%. These findings highlight the importance of H₃PO₄ in accelerating the formation of an aromatic structure, which is critical for withstanding the high temperatures of subsequent carbonization and activation stages.

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The construction of semiconductor heterojunctions is an effective way to enhance the photocatalytic activity. In this work, n–p heterojunction composed of ZnO nanorods and polypyrrole (PPy) nanospheres were loaded on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers to fabricate ZnO/PPy/PAN nanofiber membranes (ZnO/PPy/PAN NFMs) via electrospinning, hydrothermal synthesis and chemical polymerization. The results showed that the photodegradation rate of ZnO/PPy/PAN NFM was about 4.8 times higher than that of ZnO/PAN NFM. Moreover, the membrane exhibited good cycling stability, which maintained the removal efficiency of rhodamine (RhB) at 79% after five cycles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of PAN nanofibers adsorption and n–p heterojunctions catalysis, resulting in a narrow bandgap, an increase in the absorption of visible light and the separation efficiency of electron–hole. Meanwhile, the degradation mechanism of ZnO/PPy/PAN NFMs was proposed. This work provides a promising strategy to construct n–p heterojunction photocatalysts for removing organic pollutants in wastewater.