Fibers and Polymers最新文献

Textiles hold a position of great importance in both the routines of everyday life and the intricacies of industrial production. Textile auxiliaries play a considerable role in the development of textile products, contributing to achievements such as enhanced color fastness, increased functionality, improved mechanical strength, shortened process, reduced energy consumption, and decreased greenhouse gas emissions. Here, an overview of the functionality and sustainability of dyeing and finishing auxiliaries is presented, highlighting their latest research achievements. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by textile auxiliary industries are exposed. Furthermore, an explicit identification of the development and international status of China’s textile industries is undertaken. Finally, three innovative directions of textile auxiliaries are delineated based on policy orientation and market demand. Taking proactive measures to tackle these challenges and wholeheartedly embracing innovative solutions will be pivotal for staying abreast of evolving market trends and consumer demands, ultimately contributing to advancing the sustainable development and bolstering the competitiveness of the textile industry as a whole.

Graphical Abstract

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are a kind of natural macromolecules. Carbonized cellulose nanofiber (C-CNF) can be obtained by carbonizing CNFs, whose structure is similar to that of graphite. When C-CNFs are used in the assembly of graphene and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, the electric heating membranes with high performance and a stable stacking structure can be constructed. Graphene/C-CNF/PVDF (GCP) dispersion was prepared using the solution blending method, and GCP membrane was prepared with the vacuum drying method. The results show that the resistance of the GCP membrane is controlled at about 40.6–74.6 Ω, which is a little different from that of the graphene/PVDF membrane (89 Ω). The equilibrium temperatures of the GCP membranes with different graphene mass fractions increase linearly with the increase of voltage. The GCP-03 membrane reached 158 °C quickly at 6 V, which is the highest temperature compared to other membranes. From the infrared thermography, it is clear that the GCP membranes have excellent electrical and thermal properties, good thermal stability, and uniform heat distribution, which will allow functional textiles to play a greater role in various fields such as aerospace and industry.

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dyeing properties and behavior of the aqueous extract of Alnus glutinosa leaves when applied on cotton and wool fibers. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the aqueous extract were calculated. The colorfastness of the dyed samples such as washing, acid and alkali perspiration, wet and dry fastness and light fastness was performed. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) which is a measurement of the protection offered by the dyed fabric substrates against ultraviolet radiation was also assessed. It was found that Alnus glutinosa aqueous extract shows exceptionally high antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. The dyed samples showed astonishingly high light fastness approaching the light fastness of synthetic dyes such as the vat dyes or metal complex dyes. The conferred protection of the dyed samples against the distractive ultraviolet radiation is exceptionally high as this is demonstrated by the high UPF measurements of the dyed samples.

Dye wastewater discharges threaten fragile aquatic ecosystems. Photocatalysis has been applied as an effective, viable, and economical option to achieve dye degradation. However, current photocatalysts suffer from large bandgaps, powder agglomeration, difficult recovery, and cannot be recycled. Herein, a novel Bi₂S₃/ZnS heterojunction loaded cellulose/chitosan (BiZnCCS) with highly efficient photocatalytic activities for CR pollutant degradation was designed and fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method. BiZnCCS has a large pore size of 2 μm with a high porosity of 71.62%, which increases the contact area with CR and facilitates the adsorption of CR. The pore wall was uniformly loaded with Bi₂S₃/ZnS particles, and the degradation rate of CR could reach 97.8% under simulated visible light irradiation. By adjusting the composition ratio, BiZnCCS was able to withstand a stress of about 82.45 kPa, and the CR removal rate was still maintained at about 85% after 7 cycles of testing. By creating a synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic degradation mechanism, BiZnCCS has the ability to efficiently remove CR under visible light, which provides a new material for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) non-woven fabric has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low manufacturing cost, and completely biodegradable and pollution free, and it is gradually applied to the field of oil–water separation. Herein, a simple and low-cost method for oil–water separation was proposed using modified poly(lactic acid) non-woven fabric, which has the advantages of biodegradability. PLA non-woven fabric was immersed in xylene and trimethylpropyl silane (95/5) suspension containing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, and the immersion temperature and time were taken as variables. The prepared non-woven fabrics were studied using SEM, DSC, ATR-FTIR, etc. The results show that the modified fabric can achieve superhydrophobicity, which can be attributed to the combined effect of titanium dioxide deposition on the surface of PLA fabric and the formation of dense porous structures in the surface layer. The prepared PLA non-woven fabric shows excellent oil–water separation effect. This work takes into account the advantages of both low cost and environmental friendly, demonstrating a promising method for the oil–water separation.

This study reports the influences of wet spinning conditions, such as the composition of external coagulant, the temperature of PMIA dope solution, and the air-gap distance between the spinnerets and the external coagulation bath, on the morphological features, mechanical properties, and membrane performance of heat-resistant poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) hollow fiber membranes during a dry-jet wet spinning method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the cross-section of the PMIA hollow fiber membranes clearly shows various effects of the wet spinning conditions on morphological features of the PMIA membranes. In addition, it is observed that the tensile strength of the PMIA membranes decreased with increasing DMAc content in the external coagulant and temperature of the dope solution, and the tensile strength decreased with decreasing air-gap distance. Furthermore, the water permeability and rejection analysis present consistent trade-off trends across all the wet spinning conditions. Interestingly, significantly high correlations are observed between the pore structure, mechanical properties and membrane performances of PMIA hollow fiber membranes, as well. As a result, based on the findings obtained from this study, we have gained confidence that the structure and properties of the final PMIA membranes can be appropriately controlled through the control of the dry-jet wet spinning process in the manufacturing of PMIA hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract

A polyurethane membrane with interlayer channels was developed through electrospinning to separate oily sewage. To enhance its hydrophilicity, hydrophilic silica particles were grafted onto the fiber surface, creating a rough surface. This was done by treating the membrane with oxygen plasma to generate active sites, which were then coupled with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, followed by adding the membrane to a hydrolytic solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The resultant membrane had a low water contact angle of 23.3° and excellent underwater oleophobicity, with a high-underwater oil contact angle (varied from 155.9 to 159.7°) and underwater oil sliding angle (ranged from 4.0 to 4.6°) for different types of oils. In addition, the prepared membrane had a good moisture-evaporation rate (4.2 g/h) and water-absorption capacity (273%). It is also oil-resistant and self-cleaning in water, and could efficiently separating oil-in-water emulsion under gravity, with an initial separation flux of 2864 L/m²/h. During cyclic separation of emulsion, the membrane had the oil-retention rate of more than 99.0%, and the final separation flux of the membrane was maintained at 25 L/m²/h.

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) have excelled in mechanical performance, replacing metals in structural design. However, their challenging machinability especially in drilling for assembly necessitates careful optimization of process parameters for mass production efficiency and waste reduction. This study explores the optimization of the drilling process for carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates with a stacking sequence of [0/–45/90/45]_2s. Using the tungsten carbide twist drills, experiments were conducted on quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates with a thickness of 10 mm. The drilling process parameters, including spindle speed and feed rate, were systematically varied to investigate their influence on drilled hole defects. A three-axis CNC milling center equipped with a piezoelectric dynamometer captured thrust force and drilling torque signals, forming the basis of the experimental methodology. The research employs multi-criteria decision-making techniques, such as MOORA, TOPSIS, and VIKOR, to identify the optimal combination of parameters for minimizing defects and enhancing drilling efficiency. In this study, the synergy of these multi-criteria decision-making techniques establishes a novel framework, demonstrating their efficacy in addressing the challenges associated with CFRP laminate drilling. Quantitatively, the optimized drilling parameters, combination of high speed, low feed rate, and low point angle tool resulted in a remarkable 20% reduction in top surface delamination defects, coupled with a 15% improvement in circularity error and surface roughness, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach in enhancing the quality of drilled holes in CFRP laminates. A comparative assessment of the results reveals notable achievements, including a significant correlation of 0.986 between the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods.

This article aims to enhance the toughness performance of oil well cement with an optimized mixing ratio of three different lengths of carbon fibers optimized by response surface methodology. A response surface model was constructed with the impact strength as the response target based on the Box–Behnken design. The influence of carbon fiber mixtures on the impact strength of oil well cement was studied, and the ratio of mixed carbon fibers was optimized. The optimized cement slurry performance was tested, and the microstructure of the cement was analyzed. The results show that the impact strength of cement is significantly influenced by 3 mm carbon fiber and the interaction effect of 1 mm carbon fiber and 3 mm carbon fiber. The optimal mixing ratio of carbon fibers of different scales obtained through optimization is 0.322% for 1 mm carbon fiber, 0.329% for 2 mm carbon fiber, and 0.334% for 3 mm carbon fiber. The toughness cement slurry constructed with the optimized proportion of carbon fibers has a 3-day impact strength of 2.171 kJ/m². The research can guide the construction of cement slurry with good toughness performance, ensuring the integrity of the cement sheath.