Fibers and Polymers最新文献

Children’s toys comprise another product category that needs to be developed from 100% natural materials that are clean, safe, and biodegradable. This work aimed to investigate the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) grades and contents on the properties of polymer blends, with the goal being the development of bio-materials for producing children’s toys. It was found that, at the first peak, the polymer blending with 70 wt% PLA had higher thermal stability than that with 40 wt% PLA. The polymer blending with 70 wt% PLA showed higher modulus of rupture, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness between 59–62%, 257–433%, 200–540%, and 373–647%, respectively, compared to 40 wt% PLA. The polymer blends produced from PLA grade 4043D gave superior flexure, tension, compression, and hardness properties than 2003D and 3251D grades. The appropriate formulation of polymer blends for producing children's toys is a combination of natural rubber 30 wt% and PLA 70 wt% with a PLA grade of 4043D. The flexural, tensile, and compressive forces of toy boat samples made from polymer blends were 71.76, 79.72, and 113.6 N, respectively, while the specified standard is 69.0, 69.0, and 113.5 N, respectively, meaning the samples met the requirements of the American Society for Testing and Materials F963.

Studies have shown that electromagnetic radiation, which is declared by the World Health Organization to have biological effects on metabolisms, causes health problems such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's, allergies, stress, depression and sleep disorders. Therefore, the damage caused to the human body by electromagnetic waves has become a priority for professionals and academics. Great efforts are being made to develop technical textiles that provide shielding to prevent or reduce this radiation. Since radiation sensitivity in children is much higher than in adults, within the scope of this study, it is aimed to develop clothes for electromagnetic radiation protection, especially for children who spend long hours with mobile devices such as cell phones and tablets. For this aim, double-layered knitted fabric structures connected by loop transfers were developed. Six different conductive knitted structures were manufactured with various conductive/cotton yarn combinations on flat knitting machine. Electromagnetic shielding tests were performed on these samples for both vertical and horizontal directions, also these tests were applied before and after washing cycles. Moreover, 3D virtual prototype designs were made and then these designs were produced as a total of 12 short-sleeve and long-sleeve t-shirts. Sewing quality performances of these fabric structures were also analyzed to evaluate the potential of these prototypes to convert to commercial products. Although the seam strength was found to be good enough, the seam efficiency could not exceed 50%. Therefore, when designing a protective clothing for electromagnetic waves, attention should be paid to the placement position of the fabric on the clothing and before making a decision.

The rising levels of atmospheric CO₂ owing to human activities have intensified the need for efficient CO₂ capture and conversion technologies. Carbon-based materials with tunable properties and versatility have emerged as promising candidates for addressing this global challenge. This comprehensive review focuses on the recent advancements in carbon-based materials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and biochar, for enhanced CO₂ capture and conversion applications. We explored the structural and chemical modifications of these materials to improve their adsorption capacity, selectivity, and stability under operational conditions. This review describes the technologies, methods, and mechanisms used for CO₂ capture and fixation. In addition, we review the synthesis methods for various amines and carbonaceous materials (CMs) to highlight the recent progress in CMs used for CO₂ adsorption and fixation. We also discuss the amine functionalization of CMs to improve their CO₂ capture and fixation capacities. This review also highlights the challenges related to scalability, economic feasibility, and environmental impacts while identifying future research directions aimed at optimizing the performance and sustainability of carbon-based materials in real-world applications. Through this detailed analysis, we provide critical insight into how carbon-based materials can contribute to climate change mitigation by integrating CO₂ capture and conversion strategies.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber membrane was prepared through electrospinning with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone (AC) as mixed solvents as hydrophobic layer of Janus membrane. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber membrane was fabricated through electrospinning with DMF as solvent as hydrophilic layer of Janus membrane. N-Halamine antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC) was added to endow the fiber membrane with antibacterial properties. PVDF@MC/PAN@MC composite fiber membrane with Janus structure was prepared by continuous electrospinning. The surface morphologies of fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water contact angles (WCAs), underwater oil contact angles (UWOCAs), pure water fluxes, separation fluxes and separation efficiencies of fiber membranes were measured. In addition, the antibacterial experiments of fiber membranes were also performed. The results showed that the prepared PVDF@MC/PAN@MC composite fiber membrane had a Janus structure with one side hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic, and the other side hydrophobic and underwater oleophobic. And the PVDF@MC/PAN@MC composite fiber membrane had certain separation performance for mud, oil–water emulsion, metal ions, and organic dyes. Furthermore, the PVDF@MC/PAN@MC composite fiber membrane had good antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Currently, the wet-chemical analysis method is primarily used to detect the components of hemp fiber. However, this method is time-consuming and not environmentally friendly. This paper presents a study on the detection of the main components of hemp using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and their determination through wet chemical analysis. The relationship between chemical analysis data and NIR spectral data was established using the partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) methods. Based on the corrected and predicted root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), it can be concluded that PCR is a more effective quantitative method than PLS. The constructed main component regression prediction models for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin had RMSE values of 2.24%, 0.83%, and 1.87%, respectively, while their MAE values were 5.89%, 8.21%, and 2.24%. These results indicate good stability. Optimizing the spectral wavelength range improved the modeling quality of the PCR prediction model for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The spectral wavelength range for cellulose was 1600–2400 nm, with RMSE and MAE of 3.78% and 3.88%, respectively. The spectral wavelength range for hemicellulose was 1400–2400 nm, with RMSE and MAE of 1.37% and 14.56%, respectively. The spectral wavelength range for lignin was between 1200 and 2400 nm, with RMSE and MAE of 3.03% and 17.79%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the NIR model offers a quick and straightforward approach to detecting components in hemp fiber, which is beneficial for evaluating its quality.

Flexible electronic devices such as wearable strain sensors have attracted great attention in health monitoring systems. However, there are numerous challenges associated with the practical application of flexible strain sensors, including insufficient sensitivity, poor durability and stability, high manufacturing costs, complex signal processing, and integration issues. This study employed a straightforward and cost-effective co-impregnation one-bath reduction process to prepare a flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity, good responsiveness, and stability. Silane coupling agent KH-560 was employed for the modification of cotton knitted fabric, thereby enhancing the bonding strength between the cotton and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). The rGO and Cu NPs were composited and loaded onto the surface of the modified cotton, with Cu NPs serving as connection points that adhere between the rGO surface and sheets, thereby forming a unique three-dimensional conductive network structure on the cotton. The fabrication of the rGO/Cu NPs/cotton sensor was optimized through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, with the objective of improving its sensitivity and stability. The rGO/Cu NPs/cotton sensor shows effective strain sensing for tensile strains ranging from 0 to 15% in both the horizontal and vertical directions, exhibiting high responsiveness at stretching speeds of 10–50 mm/min and maintaining stability after 100 cycles. Moreover, the rGO/Cu NPs/cotton sensor is capable of accurately detecting the degree of curvature of different joints during human movement and also exhibits a robust response to facial muscle movements.

In this study, an attempt has been made to explore the possibilities of using the natural medicinal herbs for imparting the thermo-physiological comfort properties on textile materials for the first time. Herb, i.e., the well-known neem have been chosen and subjected to extraction for the preparation of finishing solution. The finishes were applied on 100% polyester and 50/50 polyester/acrylic-blended synthetic fabrics. The finished fabrics were tested for thermo-physiological comfort properties such as wetting, wicking, water vapor permeability, air permeability, and thermal conductivity. It has been found that the treatment has resulted in the improvement in most of these properties with significant increase in moisture properties, little reduction in thermal conductivity, and a slight compromise decrease in air permeability. Washing studies revealed good durability of these finishes on the fabrics.

In this research, green dyeing treatment of wool fabrics was examined with natural dye extracted from Beta vulgaris (beetroot) with an ultrasonic-assisted method. Wool fabric samples were treated with ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid with different concentrations and durations via the ultrasonic-assisted method before dyeing treatment. The usability of ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid was investigated as a bio-mordant agent in the natural dyeing process. After the pre-treatment with different substrates, the samples were colored with the natural dye obtained from beetroot for 5 min with the ultrasonic-assisted method. The dyeing parameters’ effects were investigated on the colorimetric and fastness properties. According to the results, Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that there are no important dissimilarities in the functional groups of wool fabric samples with the pre-mordanting process. The experimental results show that ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, and tannic acid are used as bio-mordants. Furthermore, the pre-mordanting process, mordant agent type, mordant concentration, and mordanting time had an effect on the fastness and colorimetric behaviors of the samples. Color strength results demonstrated that ascorbic acid mordant improved the color strength of the samples (K/S increased from 3.51 to 4.63), attributing darker shades (lower lightness, L) to the wool fabric. The light fastness of samples improved from 1 to 2 with the use of ascorbic acid for 15 min mordanting time. Furthermore, the best results for color change, washing, and rubbing fastness were obtained by using tannic acid as a mordant and increasing the mordanting time. In addition, the following dyeing characteristics of wool fabrics are estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. In accordance with the experimental outcomes, the suggested approach obtains regression values of more than 0.97 for all dyeing characteristics. As can be shown, the suggested approach is accomplished and can be utilized effectively for predicting colorimetric properties of wool fabric. It has been concluded that the ultrasonic-assisted method is an environmentally sustainable dyeing process of textile fibers, and bio-mordants have rendered the dyeing treatment greener and more sustainable.

Immobilization of metal–organic frameworks within the textile material for manufacturing protective textile materials is described as a challenging field of investigation. The point of novelty in the current approach is the preparation of technical textiles from viscose fabrics with photochromic/UV-protective/antimicrobial potentiality. Multi-finished viscose fabrics were prepared via cationization of viscose with sequential incorporation of Ln-BDCs (Eu-BDC and Tb-BDC) within viscose and cationic viscose in one-pot infrared-assisted technique. Herein, glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) is uniquely exploited for the cationizing of viscose (GTA-viscose). The prepared photochromic fabrics showed a strong blue emission color (with excitation at λ_ex = 270 nm) under UV light. Successful domination of Ln-BDC which could be converted to lanthanide oxides consequently acted in stabilization of the fabrics at elevated temperature. Viscose fabrics modified with Tb-BDC showed higher thermal stability rather than those prepared with Eu-BDC. The evaluated UV-protection factor (UPF) for GTA-viscose (5.3) was largely enhanced to 39.5 after immobilization of Eu-BDC to be rated as very good affinity of blocking and was non-significantly lowered to 31.6 even after 10 washing cycles. Fabrics modified with Eu-BDC showed the highest antimicrobial action against bacteria and fungi. For GTA-viscose, after impregnation of Eu-BDC, the estimated inhibition zones were 16 mm, 15 mm, and 15 mm against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively. In summary, the current approach demonstrates a unique technique for the preparation of multifunctional viscose with successive impregnation of either Tb-BDC or Eu-BDC to be exhibited with superior/durable photochromic/microbicide/UV-protective potency.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy harvesting device for harvesting renewable mechanical energy. Some materials used in triboelectric nanogenerator inevitably pollute the environment, so the development of green triboelectric materials has attracted widespread attention. Herein, we chose a non-toxic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which has poor tribopositive properties due to the carboxymethyl group contained in it. Thus, the tribopositive polarity of CMC is enhanced by doping hydroxy-rich polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with strong electron-donating ability. Rough and porous CMC/PVA polymer blend films with strong tribopositive polarity and environmental friendliness were prepared by a simple physical blending strategy. The open-circuit voltage (V_OC) and short-circuit current (I_SC) were optimized to be 380 V and 49 µA, respectively, for a CMC/PVA mass ratio of 10:3, and the maximum power density of CMC/PVA-TENG was 1.32 mW/cm². This study provides a feasible approach for enhancing the tribopositive properties of materials by doping modification and the development of green triboelectric nanogenerators.