Fibers and Polymers最新文献

To address limitations of conventional anti-static treatments—high cost, complex processing, and poor durability—this study developed a polyacrylate anti-static coating using KH-570 modified nano-carbon black. Leveraging the material’s high surface area, conductivity, and chemical stability, modified carbon black was incorporated into the coating and applied to polyester fabric. Results demonstrate that fabric treated with 1.0 g modified carbon black achieved surface resistance of (7.1 ± 0.6) × 10⁶ Ω (n = 6), enhancing anti-static performance by two orders of magnitude versus untreated fabric and meeting anti-static standards. After washing, resistance remained at (2.0 ± 1.2) × 10⁹ Ω (n = 6), confirming excellent washing durability. The coating minimally affected mechanical properties: tensile strength retained ≈637 N (warp) and ≈425 N (weft), with no significant change compared to untreated fabric. This work provides a novel approach for developing efficient, durable anti-static textiles with strong market potential.

Sharp fiber chips generated while drilling Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) can cause skin irritation and respiratory issues in workers. In addition, composite material waste often ends up in landfills, contributing to environmental contamination. This paper presents a novel simulation model designed to predict the fiber length distribution of drilling chips, aiming to reduce fiber dust and facilitate the reuse of short fibers. The model accounts for the drill tools’ geometric structure and the materials’ fiber orientations. The study clarifies the relationship between chip fiber length distribution, cutting conditions, and the drill’s point angle. Geometric simulations demonstrate that tools with flat point angles and high feed rates can effectively increase chip fiber lengths.

To understand the effect of phase change microcapsules on the thermoregulation performance of flocculus, ordinary flocculus (OF) made of the same material without phase change materials (PCM) were used as the control group to investigate the effects of sample size, the presence of a hot plate, the number of layers of samples, and the ambient temperature on the thermoregulation performance. The flocculus thermoregulation experiments were carried out in a climate chamber, and the temperature changes of the samples were recorded using an air-contact temperature sensor. Finally, the thermoregulation performance of the phase change microcapsule flocculus was comprehensively evaluated using two indexes: the average temperature difference and heat-up/cool-down speeds. The results showed that the phase change flocculus (PCF) has a certain thermoregulation performance compared with the ordinary flocculus. In the heating–cooling cycle thermoregulation performance stability experiment, the average temperature difference of PCF decreased within 5%.

One of the waste products of olive oil extraction is olive mill wastewater (OMW). The organic chemicals of OMW could cause harm to the environment. However, it also contains compounds that have important biological functions. Consequently, there are sometimes environmental risks associated with disposing of olive mill wastewater. However, most of the recent research has focused on finding ways to utilize this effluent in various industrial and environmental contexts. Using different surface treatment procedures, this study explored the possibility of using OMW as an alternative to conventional, environmentally harmful textile dyeing processes. The color strength and fastness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), life cycle assessment (LCA), and ultraviolet light protection factor (UPF) tests were conducted. The reusability of the dye bath was another factor this study assessed. The results show that OMW-dyed wool fabrics protect against UV rays and allow for efficient dyeing, making it a greener alternative to conventional dyes. Furthermore, by recycling dye baths, we can lessen our impact on the environment and save resources. This study suggests a novel and comprehensive method for exploiting olive mill wastewater (OMW) by substituting it not only as a natural dye source but also as a practical and environmentally suitable replacement. By employing green surface treatments involving plasma, chitosan, and enzymatic procedures, the method reduces environmental impact, makes it easier to reuse the dye bath, and provides improved UV protection.

Mercerization and sizing constitute essential pretreatment protocols for optimizing the processability and wear performance of cotton gauze in textile manufacturing. Nevertheless, conventional methodologies relying on high-concentration alkali solutions and non-degradable sizing agents (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol) present critical challenges. To address these limitations, we developed an integrated cellulose/NaOH/urea ternary system (1 wt% cellulose, 7 wt% NaOH, 12 wt% urea) that synergistically achieves fiber mercerization, sizing, and in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through a single-bath process. Within this system, NaOH was used as a mercerizing agent, while cellulose derivatives served as triple functions: (1) as a green reductant for Ag⁺ ions, (2) as a stabilizer of Ag NPs, and (3) as a biodegradable sizing matrix. Urea operates as a multifunctional adjuvant through [Ag(NH₂)₂CO]⁺. Compared with Ag-NaBH₄@GZ, the optimized Ag-140°C@GZ composite demonstrated exceptional functional integration: the attachment of Ag NPs was confirmed through characterization techniques, such as FTIR, XPS, and so on. Notably, the modified gauze still achieved complete sterilization of Escherichia coli within 4 h after 100 accelerated washing cycles. Crucially, functionalization preserved intrinsic textile characteristics with a minimal impact on vapor transmissibility (1079 g/m²/day) while enhancing tensile strength by 25.6%. Biosafety is confirmed via cyto-compatibility assessments. This efficient collaborative process has developed durable medical textiles while addressing issues of antibacterial performance, environmental sustainability, and industrial scalability.

In this study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed for the first time to predict the dyeing performance of natural protein and synthetic fibers using Acid Orange 67 dye (AO67). Dyeing experiments were conducted on wool and polyamide (PA6-6) fibers, and the dyeing performance was evaluated by measuring color strength of the dyed samples, color difference (ΔE^*), and chroma difference (ΔC^*) following washing tests. Using DFT calculations with the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set within the Gaussian 09 framework, we optimized the geometry of dye–fiber dimers and calculated relevant chemical descriptors. Dipole moment and electrophilicity index (ω) revealed stronger intermolecular interactions and greater electrophilicity for the AO67-PA6-6 dimer compared to AO67-CYS. Interaction energy calculations further validated the superior dyeability and color retention of polyamide over wool. Additionally, infrared (IR) spectra of the fibers were experimentally determined and compared with theoretical predictions, showing strong agreement. These findings prove the efficiency of DFT in accurately predicting the dyeability of textile fibers with acid dyes. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of dye–fiber interaction, opening up new horizons in textile dyeing research and technology.

This study investigates the dyeing, computer-aided color matching (CCM), fastness, tensile and surface properties of cotton samples dyed in non-aqueous medium of alkane solvents, including heptane, octane and nonane with the use of biodegradable secondary alcohol ethoxylates (SAE) surfactant-based reverse micelles. Experimental results show that color yield of alkane solvent-dyed batch and standard samples can be 4.7–123.5% and 73.1–91.8% higher than the water-dyed batch and standard samples, respectively. Calibration curves are almost linear in structure and the actual CCM results show less than 30% and 33% difference from the theoretical concentration for aqueous and non-aqueous dyeing, respectively. Reflectance curves are identical in shape. Both samples show good to excellent color evenness, washing, crocking and light fastness and distinctive CIE L^*a^*b^* values, guaranteeing the color quality of the dyed samples. Good tensile and surface properties of the dyed samples were verified by the AATCC test method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). More than 97% of the alkane solvents can be effectively recovered via simple distillation method. These validate that the use of SAE surfactant-based reverse micelles for dyeing of cotton fabric in alkane non-aqueous medium is potentially applicable for industrial computer-aided color matching with good dyeing properties and color quality comparable to fabrics dyed in conventional water-based system.

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The influence of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) recycling methods on recycled PET (rPET) fiber properties was evaluated for tire cord and airbag applications. Virgin PET (vPET), mechanically recycled PET (mrPET), methanolysis-based chemically recycled PET (cmPET), and glycolysis-based chemically recycled PET (cgPET) were subjected to solid-state polymerization, followed by melt spinning and application-specific drawing to 1500 denier (tire cord) and 500 denier (airbag). rPET fibers displayed significant differences in molecular weight (MW), IPA and DEG contents, residual catalyst profile, and crystallinity depending on the recycling route, resulting in varied mechanical properties. Compared with vPET, mrPET fibers showed lower tenacity and higher elongation, correlated with reduced crystallinity and molecular orientation associated with IPA and DEG units. cmPET suffered substantial MW loss during melt spinning, attributed to uncomplexed Mn catalysts, and consequently displayed the lowest tenacity and elongation. In contrast, cgPET delivered balanced tenacity and elongation and the smallest RFL dip-induced tenacity loss (12.3%), delivering the best tire cord performance. For airbag applications, cgPET fibers demonstrated mechanical properties, hot rod puncture resistance, and stability under thermal and humidity aging that were comparable to those of vPET fibers. These findings identify cgPET as the most promising candidate for safety–critical automotive fibers, emphasizing the need to control comonomer content, crystallinity, and residual catalysts across recycling routes.

Drilling of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets often leads to damage around the hole, compromising the mechanical integrity of composite structures. To address this challenge, a deep learning framework was developed to predict drilling-induced damage images using process parameters as inputs. A convolutional autoencoder (CAE) was first employed to augment the limited experimental dataset by generating synthetic grayscale damage images. Subsequently, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) decoder model was trained to predict damage images based on spindle speed and feed rate. Three CAE architectures were evaluated, with CAE Type I achieving the lowest reconstruction error in the damage area, with an error of 10.14% and an R² value of 0.9862. Four MLP-Decoder models were tested using different combinations of original and CAE-generated images. The model trained with both original and CAE Type I images (MLP-Decoder Type B) showed the highest prediction accuracy, with an MSE of 1.13 and a predicted damage area of 36.92 mm², which is closer to the validation data. Comparative analysis against experimentally validated images demonstrated that the proposed framework can effectively estimate drilling damage patterns.

This study explores the eco-friendly use of ground coffee pomace, an abundant biomass, as a natural dye source for wool and polyamide fabrics. Dyeing performance was evaluated under varying pH, time, and temperature conditions. The results show that acidic conditions (particularly pH 3), elevated temperatures (up to 100 °C), and extended dyeing times (up to 60 min) significantly enhance color yield (K/S values) and deepen fabric shades. The results underscore that ground coffee pomace, a byproduct rich in polyphenolic compounds, represents a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic dyes. Its natural dyeing properties offer significant potential for integration into eco-conscious textile manufacturing processes, aligning with the principles of circular economy and green innovation.

Using a Box–Behnken design approach, the study achieved a high coefficient of determination (R² ≈ 0.98) for the K/S models developed for wool and polyamide substrates. These results demonstrate the models' strong predictive capability for new dyeing datasets.