Some of the most interesting and contentious issues that arise in connection with migration centre on religions and identities. This article begins by outlining the ways in which sociological research has already provided valuable insights into the complex intersections between religions and migrations. The second section of the article argues, however, that two of the less frequently studied questions about the intertwining of religions and migrations need to be examined in depth. They concern “forced” migration (particularly of children) and the implications of migration for the practice of religion in prisons. And the third section raises two of the ethical and policy-related issues that arise in connection with religions and migrations.
{"title":"Religions and migrations – old and new","authors":"J. Beckford","doi":"10.4000/qds.2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2599","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the most interesting and contentious issues that arise in connection with migration centre on religions and identities. This article begins by outlining the ways in which sociological research has already provided valuable insights into the complex intersections between religions and migrations. The second section of the article argues, however, that two of the less frequently studied questions about the intertwining of religions and migrations need to be examined in depth. They concern “forced” migration (particularly of children) and the implications of migration for the practice of religion in prisons. And the third section raises two of the ethical and policy-related issues that arise in connection with religions and migrations.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42898274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims to investigate, on the one hand, the discourses of being a woman, an immigrant, and a Muslim in today’s Hungary. On the other hand, it endeavors to illustrate the multiple and diverse aspects of identity among Muslim women in Hungary. Qualitative methods, participant observations, and interviews are the main sources of empirical information. This paper presents and analyzes accounts related to wearing and not wearing the hijab among Muslim women living in Budapest, including immigrants and Hungarian convert women as well. The analyzed discourse segments pertain to presence of wearing the hijab in public spaces, and illustrate the different experiences and performances about our interviewees’ identity as a woman, a Muslim, and an immigrant, depending on their background, past and present experiences with their own group and with outer group/s. The data demonstrate various challenges of wearing the hijab, including, the phenomenon we describe as the “hijab paradox.” With this coined term, we attempt to delineate the paradoxical situation when the hijab is simultaneously the requisite for countering uninvited attention, in accordance with Muslim cultural habits and religious requirements, and, at the same time, the hijab is precisely the element that provokes unwanted attention from members of the host society. The collected materials indicate that Muslim women`s perception of their roles and multi- faceted identities within the Muslim and the Hungarian community influence what they consider a conflict, discrimination, and oppression, and how they cope with the tensions, the bigotry, and the oppression they face.
{"title":"Discourses of being a Muslim woman in contemporary Hungary and the hijab paradox","authors":"Esra Aytar, P. Bodor","doi":"10.4000/qds.2609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2609","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to investigate, on the one hand, the discourses of being a woman, an immigrant, and a Muslim in today’s Hungary. On the other hand, it endeavors to illustrate the multiple and diverse aspects of identity among Muslim women in Hungary. Qualitative methods, participant observations, and interviews are the main sources of empirical information. This paper presents and analyzes accounts related to wearing and not wearing the hijab among Muslim women living in Budapest, including immigrants and Hungarian convert women as well. The analyzed discourse segments pertain to presence of wearing the hijab in public spaces, and illustrate the different experiences and performances about our interviewees’ identity as a woman, a Muslim, and an immigrant, depending on their background, past and present experiences with their own group and with outer group/s. The data demonstrate various challenges of wearing the hijab, including, the phenomenon we describe as the “hijab paradox.” With this coined term, we attempt to delineate the paradoxical situation when the hijab is simultaneously the requisite for countering uninvited attention, in accordance with Muslim cultural habits and religious requirements, and, at the same time, the hijab is precisely the element that provokes unwanted attention from members of the host society. The collected materials indicate that Muslim women`s perception of their roles and multi- faceted identities within the Muslim and the Hungarian community influence what they consider a conflict, discrimination, and oppression, and how they cope with the tensions, the bigotry, and the oppression they face.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43456849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface","authors":"Giulia Marroccoli, Roberta Ricucci, S. Zrinščak","doi":"10.4000/qds.2584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. The problem What are the meanings of the term “social class”, which differs even in the works of Marx? Concept formation and the accurate definition of terms are the most important tools for the progress of the social sciences since, they allow for a clearer and finer distinction between different phenomena (Weber, 1904). Can a social class theory help us describe and explain, at least in part, the situation of economically advanced countries in recent decades? If so, which of the theories...
{"title":"Is the concept of social class still useful?","authors":"A. Baldissera, A. Chiesi","doi":"10.4000/qds.2574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2574","url":null,"abstract":"1. The problem What are the meanings of the term “social class”, which differs even in the works of Marx? Concept formation and the accurate definition of terms are the most important tools for the progress of the social sciences since, they allow for a clearer and finer distinction between different phenomena (Weber, 1904). Can a social class theory help us describe and explain, at least in part, the situation of economically advanced countries in recent decades? If so, which of the theories...","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents an analysis of the impact of Law 240/2010, known as Gelmini reform, on academic recruitment in the Italian system, in terms of gender equality. In analogy with the Glass Ceiling Index, that gives a measure of difficulties for women in moving into highest positions, The Glass Door Index is defined to quantify gender asymmetry in the access to tenured positions in academia. Subverting the received view, according to which equal opportunity in access to academic and research career is no more an issue, the analysis of data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (MIUR) reveals significant differences between the careers of women and men at the earliest career stage, and shows the strengthening of a gendered selection in the access to the academic profession to the disadvantage of women, after the implementation of the reform.
{"title":"La porta di cristallo: un nuovo indice per rilevare l’impatto di genere della riforma Gelmini sull’accesso alla professione accademica","authors":"Ilenia Picardi","doi":"10.4000/qds.2639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2639","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of the impact of Law 240/2010, known as Gelmini reform, on academic recruitment in the Italian system, in terms of gender equality. In analogy with the Glass Ceiling Index, that gives a measure of difficulties for women in moving into highest positions, The Glass Door Index is defined to quantify gender asymmetry in the access to tenured positions in academia. Subverting the received view, according to which equal opportunity in access to academic and research career is no more an issue, the analysis of data provided by the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (MIUR) reveals significant differences between the careers of women and men at the earliest career stage, and shows the strengthening of a gendered selection in the access to the academic profession to the disadvantage of women, after the implementation of the reform.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42058063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Introduction «Social inclusion is among the EU’s priorities for the role of sport in society. The values of sport such as the equality of opportunity and fair play are equally European values. By bringing people together, building communities and fighting attitudes of xenophobia and racism, sport has the potential to make an important contribution to the integration of migrants in the EU». Such a statement might arouse opposite feelings in a reader: or gratitude towards the enlightened cho...
{"title":"Muslim girls’ social integration into European countries","authors":"S. Martelli","doi":"10.4000/qds.2662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2662","url":null,"abstract":"1. Introduction «Social inclusion is among the EU’s priorities for the role of sport in society. The values of sport such as the equality of opportunity and fair play are equally European values. By bringing people together, building communities and fighting attitudes of xenophobia and racism, sport has the potential to make an important contribution to the integration of migrants in the EU». Such a statement might arouse opposite feelings in a reader: or gratitude towards the enlightened cho...","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this article is to illustrate a case study regarding use of the municipality of Udine’s online platform Open Municipio, which was designed to broaden citizen participation in the management of the res publica. The study of the platform was carried out through three research methods. The first, a quantitative one, offered a picture of the citizens’ use of the platform. The second research, also of a quantitative nature, used a short questionnaire investigate motivations that led citizens to use the platform. The third qualitative research consisted in a series of informal interviews with some key people (politicians or administrative managers) who introduced the platform, or who manage and monitor it. The study shows that the introduction of the platform has not significantly affected participation, although Open Municipio is considered an important opportunity for making more transparent political decisions.
{"title":"La piattaforma Open municipio alla prova dei fatti","authors":"G. Giacomini","doi":"10.4000/qds.2649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2649","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article is to illustrate a case study regarding use of the municipality of Udine’s online platform Open Municipio, which was designed to broaden citizen participation in the management of the res publica. The study of the platform was carried out through three research methods. The first, a quantitative one, offered a picture of the citizens’ use of the platform. The second research, also of a quantitative nature, used a short questionnaire investigate motivations that led citizens to use the platform. The third qualitative research consisted in a series of informal interviews with some key people (politicians or administrative managers) who introduced the platform, or who manage and monitor it. The study shows that the introduction of the platform has not significantly affected participation, although Open Municipio is considered an important opportunity for making more transparent political decisions.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46027463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The penetration of mafia organisations in the northern-central Italian regions is today recognised by numerous judicial investigations and various scientific studies. In Come pesci nell’acqua. Mafia, impresa e politica in Veneto, Gianni Belloni and Antonio Vesco explore the presence of the mafia phenomenon in the Veneto region, over a period of almost fifty years. Employing a large variety of empirical sources, the book analyses, through the case-study methodology, a constellation of events where the encounter between mafia groups and criminal business networks takes place in the form of corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, and a whole series of illicit practices that are considered legitimate by part of the local business and political class. The authors emphasize the need to situate the analysis as firmly as possible to the local contexts conditions that make this territory compatible with the presence of mafia groups.
{"title":"Circuiti criminali e area grigia Una ricerca sulla presenza delle mafie nel Nordest","authors":"A. Scaglione","doi":"10.4000/qds.2547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2547","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration of mafia organisations in the northern-central Italian regions is today recognised by numerous judicial investigations and various scientific studies. In Come pesci nell’acqua. Mafia, impresa e politica in Veneto, Gianni Belloni and Antonio Vesco explore the presence of the mafia phenomenon in the Veneto region, over a period of almost fifty years. Employing a large variety of empirical sources, the book analyses, through the case-study methodology, a constellation of events where the encounter between mafia groups and criminal business networks takes place in the form of corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, and a whole series of illicit practices that are considered legitimate by part of the local business and political class. The authors emphasize the need to situate the analysis as firmly as possible to the local contexts conditions that make this territory compatible with the presence of mafia groups.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44844922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article, after a brief discussion of the Marxian theory of change, examines the interaction between productive forces, State regulation and social conflict between capital and labor in the three historical models of capitalism discussed: Competitive capitalism, Fordist capitalism and Cognitive capitalism. The reconstruction of the socio-economic history of the last centuries is aimed to demonstrate the existence of a direct relationship between the characteristics assumed by the productive forces and the level of economic inequalities that is observed in a society at a given historical moment. Conversely, the relationship between redistributive policies and the level of inequalities is rather indirect, and linked to the characteristics of the productive forces.
{"title":"Forze produttive, concentrazione del capitale e mutamento del capitalismo","authors":"A. Russo","doi":"10.4000/qds.2502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2502","url":null,"abstract":"The article, after a brief discussion of the Marxian theory of change, examines the interaction between productive forces, State regulation and social conflict between capital and labor in the three historical models of capitalism discussed: Competitive capitalism, Fordist capitalism and Cognitive capitalism. The reconstruction of the socio-economic history of the last centuries is aimed to demonstrate the existence of a direct relationship between the characteristics assumed by the productive forces and the level of economic inequalities that is observed in a society at a given historical moment. Conversely, the relationship between redistributive policies and the level of inequalities is rather indirect, and linked to the characteristics of the productive forces.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Down to Earth. Politics in the New Climatic Regime, Bruno Latour takes issue with globalization and its elites vis-a-vis the ecological crisis. The former, he claims, is the result of modernity’s universalistic aspiration, for actualizing which the planet is not big enough. The latter have decided that, faced with ever-more worrisome ecological threats, there is room for protecting and supporting only few. The task, then, is to circumvent the contrast between local and global pointing towards an emergent “terrestrial” attractor, which entails the reciprocal recognition of different ways of living entertaining a constitutive relation with places and soils. To this purpose, the dominance in science of a Galileian “view from nowhere” is to be rejected, as conducive to a productivist approach, in favour or a generative one, capable of valorizing a variety of outlooks and concerns. Compared with Latour’s earlier takes on the ecological crisis, such as Politics of Nature, the book expresses a sense of urgency at odds with diplomacy and negotiation. Many of its claims can be subscribed. However, Latour depicts the relationship with the terrestrial attractor in terms of dependence, rather than friendship, which hardly signals a change in the instrumental approach that is at the grounds of the crisis. Moreover, he carefully avoids to even mention what is arguably the main responsible of the latter, which is not modernity but capitalism, preventing himself from a more credible diagnosis of elites’ strategy. Moreover, the novelty of the case for the terrestrial attractor scales down once framed in the context of burgeoning claims about the overarching power of geological forces, of which it shares the ambiguity (plea for humility on one side; call for constant experimentation, on which neoliberalism thrives, on the other). Overall, the book represents the cutting-edge of a moderately progressive intelligentsia, who is aware that the situation requires radical interventions yet persists in believing that the world in which it has prospered can be salvaged in its basic coordinates.
{"title":"Modernità o capitalismo? Tornare davvero sulla terra","authors":"L. Pellizzoni","doi":"10.4000/qds.2537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/qds.2537","url":null,"abstract":"In Down to Earth. Politics in the New Climatic Regime, Bruno Latour takes issue with globalization and its elites vis-a-vis the ecological crisis. The former, he claims, is the result of modernity’s universalistic aspiration, for actualizing which the planet is not big enough. The latter have decided that, faced with ever-more worrisome ecological threats, there is room for protecting and supporting only few. The task, then, is to circumvent the contrast between local and global pointing towards an emergent “terrestrial” attractor, which entails the reciprocal recognition of different ways of living entertaining a constitutive relation with places and soils. To this purpose, the dominance in science of a Galileian “view from nowhere” is to be rejected, as conducive to a productivist approach, in favour or a generative one, capable of valorizing a variety of outlooks and concerns. Compared with Latour’s earlier takes on the ecological crisis, such as Politics of Nature, the book expresses a sense of urgency at odds with diplomacy and negotiation. Many of its claims can be subscribed. However, Latour depicts the relationship with the terrestrial attractor in terms of dependence, rather than friendship, which hardly signals a change in the instrumental approach that is at the grounds of the crisis. Moreover, he carefully avoids to even mention what is arguably the main responsible of the latter, which is not modernity but capitalism, preventing himself from a more credible diagnosis of elites’ strategy. Moreover, the novelty of the case for the terrestrial attractor scales down once framed in the context of burgeoning claims about the overarching power of geological forces, of which it shares the ambiguity (plea for humility on one side; call for constant experimentation, on which neoliberalism thrives, on the other). Overall, the book represents the cutting-edge of a moderately progressive intelligentsia, who is aware that the situation requires radical interventions yet persists in believing that the world in which it has prospered can be salvaged in its basic coordinates.","PeriodicalId":55721,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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