Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.005
I. Valchev, K. Stojanchev, R. Binev
Abstract. Aflatoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites encountered in feed ingredients at various concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aflatoxin В1 administered either alone or with Mycotox NG on productive traits (body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) in Pekin ducks. The birds were divided into one control and six experimental groups (n=10): group І (0 mg/kg AFB1 without Mycotox NG); group ІI (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG); group ІІI (1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG); group IV (0.2 mg/kg AFB1); group V (0.4 mg/kg AFB1); group VI (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and group VII (0.4 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG). Trial duration was 42 days; changes in productive traits were determined on 14th, 28th and 42nd day. Lower productive traits in terms of body weight, daily weight gain and feed intake along with higher feed conversion ratio were found out in ducklings from experimental groups IV and V. The addition of 0.5 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG to the diet of groups VI and VIII reduced or prevented the deleterious AFB1 effects on studied productive parameters.
{"title":"Evaluation of effect of Mycotox® binder supplementation on production parameters in induced aflatoxicosis in Pekin ducks","authors":"I. Valchev, K. Stojanchev, R. Binev","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aflatoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites encountered in feed ingredients at various concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aflatoxin В1 administered either alone or with Mycotox NG on productive traits (body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion) in Pekin ducks. The birds were divided into one control and six experimental groups (n=10): group І (0 mg/kg AFB1 without Mycotox NG); group ІI (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG); group ІІI (1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG); group IV (0.2 mg/kg AFB1); group V (0.4 mg/kg AFB1); group VI (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 + 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and group VII (0.4 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG). Trial duration was 42 days; changes in productive traits were determined on 14th, 28th and 42nd day. Lower productive traits in terms of body weight, daily weight gain and feed intake along with higher feed conversion ratio were found out in ducklings from experimental groups IV and V. The addition of 0.5 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg Mycotox NG to the diet of groups VI and VIII reduced or prevented the deleterious AFB1 effects on studied productive parameters.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43642957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.007
A. Boudebza, M. Abdeldjelil, N. Arzour-Lakhel, N. Lakhdara
Abstract. This study aimed to establish values and reference intervals of macro-mineral plasma concentrations, as well as the variations of these variables depending on the physiological stages of Ouled Djellal ewes, reared in the Northeast of Algeria. Six plasma macro-mineral elements: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl), were analyzed in blood samples belonging to one hundred thirty-four (n=134) healthy Ouled Djellal ewes (2-5 years old). Obtained levels were statistically analyzed using Reference Value Adviser software in order to establish the reference intervals. In addition, a follow-up study using thirty (30) ewes was carried out to determine the variations of these same parameters depending on the animals’ physiological stages. Animals were subjected to blood sampling during seven periods of their reproductive cycle (dry period; early gestation; mid-gestation; late gestation; early lactation; mid-lactation; after weaning). Reference intervals values for the studied macro elements were: Ca (66-106.7 mgl/L), P (30.5-85 mg/L), Mg (17-32 mg/L), Na (132.6-165 mEq/L), K (3.8-6.2 mEq/L) and Cl (98-123.9 mEq/L). The follow-up study showed significant variations of these macro-elements according to the animal’s reproductive stages. In late gestation, both calcium and magnesium levels increased significantly; however, they showed a significant decrease in early lactation. Phosphatemia was significantly higher in both dry and empty ewes. The lowest values of sodium and potassium were recorded at the beginning of lactation. Chlorine plasma levels decreased very significantly in mid-lactation. Such results provide baseline information that permits monitoring the impact of various mineral disturbances in this breed and checking the animal’s health status depending on its physiological stage.
{"title":"Reference intervals and physiological variations of the macro-mineral plasma concentrations in Ouled Djellal ewes","authors":"A. Boudebza, M. Abdeldjelil, N. Arzour-Lakhel, N. Lakhdara","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study aimed to establish values and reference intervals of macro-mineral plasma concentrations, as well as the variations of these variables depending on the physiological stages of Ouled Djellal ewes, reared in the Northeast of Algeria. Six plasma macro-mineral elements: calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chlorine (Cl), were analyzed in blood samples belonging to one hundred thirty-four (n=134) healthy Ouled Djellal ewes (2-5 years old). Obtained levels were statistically analyzed using Reference Value Adviser software in order to establish the reference intervals. In addition, a follow-up study using thirty (30) ewes was carried out to determine the variations of these same parameters depending on the animals’ physiological stages. Animals were subjected to blood sampling during seven periods of their reproductive cycle (dry period; early gestation; mid-gestation; late gestation; early lactation; mid-lactation; after weaning). Reference intervals values for the studied macro elements were: Ca (66-106.7 mgl/L), P (30.5-85 mg/L), Mg (17-32 mg/L), Na (132.6-165 mEq/L), K (3.8-6.2 mEq/L) and Cl (98-123.9 mEq/L). The follow-up study showed significant variations of these macro-elements according to the animal’s reproductive stages. In late gestation, both calcium and magnesium levels increased significantly; however, they showed a significant decrease in early lactation. Phosphatemia was significantly higher in both dry and empty ewes. The lowest values of sodium and potassium were recorded at the beginning of lactation. Chlorine plasma levels decreased very significantly in mid-lactation. Such results provide baseline information that permits monitoring the impact of various mineral disturbances in this breed and checking the animal’s health status depending on its physiological stage.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48176485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.008
G. Delchev
Abstract. The research was conducted during 2018 – 2020 on pelvic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was Bulgarian durum wheat cultivar Predel (Triticum durum Desf.). A total of 18 variants were investigated: hand weeded control, 4 antigraminaceous herbicides – Imaspro 7.5 EB (fenoxaprop-ethyl) – 1 l/ha, Sword 240 EC (clodinafop-propargyl) – 250 ml/ha, Traxos 50 EC (pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl) – 1.20 l/ha, Axial 050 EC (pinoxaden) – 900 ml/ha and 13 combined herbicides – Axial one (pinoxaden + florasulam) – 1 l/ha, Zerrate (clodinafop-propargyl + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Palace 75 WG (piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Corello duo 85 WG (florasulam + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Hussar max OD (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) – 1 l/ha, Pacifica expert (amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl) – 500 g/ha, Atlantis flex 20.25 WG (mesosulfuron-methyl + propoxycarbazone sodium) – 330 g/ha, Tolurex 500 SC (chlorotoluron) – 4 l/ha, Constell (diflufenican + chlorotoluron) – 4.5 l/ha, Battle delta (flufenacet + diflufenican) – 600 ml/ha, Eagle 75 WG (chlorosulfuron) – 20 g/ha, Prol aqua (pendimethalin) – 3 l/ha, Krum (prosulfocarb) – 5 l/ha. All of the antigraminaceous herbicides and foliar-applied combined herbicides were treated during tillering stage of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicides were treated during after sowing before emergence period of durum wheat. Combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell decreased significantly germination energy and laboratory seed germination of durum wheat seeds. Length of coleoptile was decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex and Constell. Lengths of primary roots are decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex, Constell, Krum and Battle delta. The investigated 4 antigraminaceous and 13 combined herbicides did not prove influence on waste grain quantity. Application of combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell after sowing before emergence period led to obtaining the lowest grain yields of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicide Eagle led to obtaining the highest grain yields.
摘要该研究于2018 - 2020年对盆腔垂直土壤类型进行了研究。调查对象是保加利亚硬粒小麦品种Predel (Triticum durum Desf.)。总共调查了18个变体:手中控制,4 antigraminaceous除草剂- Imaspro 7.5 EB (fenoxaprop-ethyl) - 1 l /公顷,剑240 EC (clodinafop-propargyl)——250毫升/公顷,Traxos来说50 EC (pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl)——1.20升/公顷,轴向050 EC (pinoxaden)——900毫升/公顷和13结合除草剂——轴向(pinoxaden + florasulam) - 1 l /公顷,Zerrate (clodinafop-propargyl + piroxulam) - 250克/公顷,宫殿75 WG (piroxulam) - 250克/公顷,Corello双核85工作组(florasulam + piroxulam) - 250克/公顷轻骑兵最大OD (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) - 1 l /公顷,帕西菲卡专家(amidosulfuron +碘+ mesosulfuron-methyl) - 500克/公顷,亚特兰蒂斯flex 20.25工作组(mesosulfuron-methyl + propoxycarbazone钠)- 330克/公顷,Tolurex 500 SC (chlorotoluron) - 4 l /公顷,Constell (diflufenican + chlorotoluron)——4.5升/公顷,战斗δ(flufenacet + diflufenican) - 600 ml /公顷、75年鹰工作组(chlorosulfuron) - 20克/公顷,Prol aqua (pendimethalin) - 3 l /公顷,克鲁姆(prosulfocarb) - 5 l /公顷。抗禾本科除草剂和叶施复合除草剂均在硬粒小麦分蘖期处理。在硬粒小麦的播后出苗期前施用复合除草剂。混用除草剂可显著降低硬粒小麦种子的萌发能和实验室种子的萌发率。两种除草剂对胚芽鞘的影响均使胚芽鞘长度缩短。原生根的长度受到Tolurex、Constell、Krum和Battle delta等除草剂的影响而减少。所研究的4种抗禾草除草剂和13种复合除草剂对废粒量没有影响。在硬粒小麦出苗期前播种后施用陶雷克斯和康斯特尔联合除草剂，籽粒产量最低。土壤施用联合除草剂Eagle可获得最高的粮食产量。
{"title":"Sowing characteristics of the durum wheat seeds (Triticum durum Desf.) by use of some antigraminaceous and combined herbicides","authors":"G. Delchev","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The research was conducted during 2018 – 2020 on pelvic vertisol soil type. Under investigation was Bulgarian durum wheat cultivar Predel (Triticum durum Desf.). A total of 18 variants were investigated: hand weeded control, 4 antigraminaceous herbicides – Imaspro 7.5 EB (fenoxaprop-ethyl) – 1 l/ha, Sword 240 EC (clodinafop-propargyl) – 250 ml/ha, Traxos 50 EC (pinoxaden + clodinafop-propargyl) – 1.20 l/ha, Axial 050 EC (pinoxaden) – 900 ml/ha and 13 combined herbicides – Axial one (pinoxaden + florasulam) – 1 l/ha, Zerrate (clodinafop-propargyl + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Palace 75 WG (piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Corello duo 85 WG (florasulam + piroxulam) – 250 g/ha, Hussar max OD (mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron) – 1 l/ha, Pacifica expert (amidosulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + mesosulfuron-methyl) – 500 g/ha, Atlantis flex 20.25 WG (mesosulfuron-methyl + propoxycarbazone sodium) – 330 g/ha, Tolurex 500 SC (chlorotoluron) – 4 l/ha, Constell (diflufenican + chlorotoluron) – 4.5 l/ha, Battle delta (flufenacet + diflufenican) – 600 ml/ha, Eagle 75 WG (chlorosulfuron) – 20 g/ha, Prol aqua (pendimethalin) – 3 l/ha, Krum (prosulfocarb) – 5 l/ha. All of the antigraminaceous herbicides and foliar-applied combined herbicides were treated during tillering stage of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicides were treated during after sowing before emergence period of durum wheat. Combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell decreased significantly germination energy and laboratory seed germination of durum wheat seeds. Length of coleoptile was decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex and Constell. Lengths of primary roots are decreased by influence of herbicides Tolurex, Constell, Krum and Battle delta. The investigated 4 antigraminaceous and 13 combined herbicides did not prove influence on waste grain quantity. Application of combined herbicides Tolurex and Constell after sowing before emergence period led to obtaining the lowest grain yields of durum wheat. Soil-applied combined herbicide Eagle led to obtaining the highest grain yields.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42558317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.009
Miriam Wanjiku Mbiyu, William Maina Muiru, John Wangai Kimenju, Moses Wabomba Nyongesa, S. Haukeland
Abstract. In-vitro assays to determine the effect of plant extracts on egg viability and mortality of J2s of potato cyst nematode were evaluated. Methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water were used as solvents. Eggs and J2s were exposed to plant extracts for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s significantly increased with an increase in the time of exposure to the extracts. Hexane extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability. Mexican sunflower extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability, having 93 and 89.2% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, compared to other plant extracts. This was followed by garlic, which had 89.5 % and 86.3%, and then ginger, 86.8% and 85.9% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Garlic, Mexican sunflower and ginger after 72 hrs of treatment exposure had significantly (P<0.05) high juvenile mortalities of 64.5%, 64.9% and 70.2%. Mexican sunflower, ginger and garlic extracts were effective in inducing loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s of PCN.
{"title":"Reduced egg hatch and increased juvenile mortality of potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) post in-vitro treatment with plant extracts","authors":"Miriam Wanjiku Mbiyu, William Maina Muiru, John Wangai Kimenju, Moses Wabomba Nyongesa, S. Haukeland","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In-vitro assays to determine the effect of plant extracts on egg viability and mortality of J2s of potato cyst nematode were evaluated. Methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water were used as solvents. Eggs and J2s were exposed to plant extracts for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s significantly increased with an increase in the time of exposure to the extracts. Hexane extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability. Mexican sunflower extracts had a significantly higher loss of egg viability, having 93 and 89.2% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, compared to other plant extracts. This was followed by garlic, which had 89.5 % and 86.3%, and then ginger, 86.8% and 85.9% non-viable eggs/cyst in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Garlic, Mexican sunflower and ginger after 72 hrs of treatment exposure had significantly (P<0.05) high juvenile mortalities of 64.5%, 64.9% and 70.2%. Mexican sunflower, ginger and garlic extracts were effective in inducing loss of egg viability and mortality of J2s of PCN.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47924285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.011
Z. Ishaq, D. Machido, H. Atta
Abstract. The identification of effective indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobia could lead to the development of efficient and affordable inoculants for improving soil fertility. This can also promote nitrogen fixation in smallholder farming systems of Nigeria and as well make the use of nitrogen fertilizers unnecessary. This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate the nodulating properties of indigenous Bradyrhizobium species in soybean plant. A total of 18 strains were isolated using Bradyrhizobium japonicum selective medium (BJSM) from the root nodules of plants harvested from five sites on Ahmadu Bello University farm, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. These isolates were evaluated for nodulating potential in a screen house using soybean (TGx 1448-2E) as a test crop. The total number of nodules, percentage effective nodules, nodule fresh and dry weights, shoot fresh and dry weight and plant nitrogen content were assessed. The nodules produced by the isolates showed high percentage effectiveness with isolate A4 having significantly higher nodule dry weight (78.00 mg) than the rest of the test isolates. The soybean inoculant, BIOFIX used in this study performed poorly having a nodule dry weight of 6.0 mg. There was positive and highly significant correlation between the nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content (r=0.740, 0.641, 0.616, respectively) at p<0.001. Sequence analyses were carried out on the high performing isolates from each site of sampling and the result obtained using the NCBI Database showed similarity of these isolates with reference strains belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium (A4- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RV9, B2- Bradyrhizobium guangdongense CCBAU 51649, C1- Bradyrhizobium sp. UFLA05-149, D3- Bradyrhizobium sp. B918 and E3- Bradyrhizobium sp.UFLA05-149). A 16srRNA phylogenetic tree constructed with the sequences obtained grouped the isolates without any close reference strain. However, isolate B2 showed close affiliation with Bradyrhizobium guagdongense with 95% sequence identity. Based on the effectiveness of these five strains of Bradyrhizobium, it is suggested that they can be used as potential candidate for inoculants production.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of domestic Bradyrhizobium species from soybean roots in the savannah soil of Nigeria","authors":"Z. Ishaq, D. Machido, H. Atta","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The identification of effective indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobia could lead to the development of efficient and affordable inoculants for improving soil fertility. This can also promote nitrogen fixation in smallholder farming systems of Nigeria and as well make the use of nitrogen fertilizers unnecessary. This study was conducted to characterize and evaluate the nodulating properties of indigenous Bradyrhizobium species in soybean plant. A total of 18 strains were isolated using Bradyrhizobium japonicum selective medium (BJSM) from the root nodules of plants harvested from five sites on Ahmadu Bello University farm, Zaria Kaduna State, Nigeria. These isolates were evaluated for nodulating potential in a screen house using soybean (TGx 1448-2E) as a test crop. The total number of nodules, percentage effective nodules, nodule fresh and dry weights, shoot fresh and dry weight and plant nitrogen content were assessed. The nodules produced by the isolates showed high percentage effectiveness with isolate A4 having significantly higher nodule dry weight (78.00 mg) than the rest of the test isolates. The soybean inoculant, BIOFIX used in this study performed poorly having a nodule dry weight of 6.0 mg. There was positive and highly significant correlation between the nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight and plant nitrogen content (r=0.740, 0.641, 0.616, respectively) at p<0.001. Sequence analyses were carried out on the high performing isolates from each site of sampling and the result obtained using the NCBI Database showed similarity of these isolates with reference strains belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium (A4- Bradyrhizobium japonicum RV9, B2- Bradyrhizobium guangdongense CCBAU 51649, C1- Bradyrhizobium sp. UFLA05-149, D3- Bradyrhizobium sp. B918 and E3- Bradyrhizobium sp.UFLA05-149). A 16srRNA phylogenetic tree constructed with the sequences obtained grouped the isolates without any close reference strain. However, isolate B2 showed close affiliation with Bradyrhizobium guagdongense with 95% sequence identity. Based on the effectiveness of these five strains of Bradyrhizobium, it is suggested that they can be used as potential candidate for inoculants production.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.010
S. Lazarov, I. Zhelyazkova
Abstract. Testing for the level of manifestation of the hygienic behavior of 32 bee colonies from the local honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) from three apiaries has been carried out. Depending on the level of manifestation of the cleansing instinct, two groups of bee colonies have been formed – hygienic (these clean over 95% of the cells with dead brood up to the 48th hour after killing the brood) and non-hygienic (these clean less than 95% of the cells with dead brood up to the 48th hour). Worker bee samples have been taken from the tested bee colonies to determine the level of fat body development. The fat body is important for the bee organism, since in addition to being a fat and carbohydrate storage depot, it is also considered to be the center of metabolism in insects. The analysis of the results from the present study revealed that the mean value of the level of fat body development in worker bees from the group of hygienic bee colonies was 2.76±0.038. In the group of non-hygienic colonies this value was 7.61% lower (2.55±0.079). This difference is statistically significant at p≤0.05. Significant differences have been found in the development of the fat body in worker bees from apiaries at a distance of 100 km without regard to hygienic behavior and according to hygienic behavior. The results obtained suggest that there is a correlation between the level of fat body development and the hygienic behavior in bees.
{"title":"Hygienic behavior and fat body development in worker bees (Apis mellifera L.)","authors":"S. Lazarov, I. Zhelyazkova","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Testing for the level of manifestation of the hygienic behavior of 32 bee colonies from the local honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) from three apiaries has been carried out. Depending on the level of manifestation of the cleansing instinct, two groups of bee colonies have been formed – hygienic (these clean over 95% of the cells with dead brood up to the 48th hour after killing the brood) and non-hygienic (these clean less than 95% of the cells with dead brood up to the 48th hour). Worker bee samples have been taken from the tested bee colonies to determine the level of fat body development. The fat body is important for the bee organism, since in addition to being a fat and carbohydrate storage depot, it is also considered to be the center of metabolism in insects. The analysis of the results from the present study revealed that the mean value of the level of fat body development in worker bees from the group of hygienic bee colonies was 2.76±0.038. In the group of non-hygienic colonies this value was 7.61% lower (2.55±0.079). This difference is statistically significant at p≤0.05. Significant differences have been found in the development of the fat body in worker bees from apiaries at a distance of 100 km without regard to hygienic behavior and according to hygienic behavior. The results obtained suggest that there is a correlation between the level of fat body development and the hygienic behavior in bees.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47785555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.003
N. Valkova, M. Koleva
Abstract. The norm of reaction in qualitative aspect was studied in 31 Bulgarian and foreign cotton cultivars. The results of competitive variety trial carried out at the Field Crops Institute in town of Chirpan during the period 2016 – 2019 were used. The type of their dynamic regression (of their regression curve) and the structure of ecological environments in their dynamic rows were determined, on five traits, in order to characterize the reaction norm of the studied genotypes. It was found that the studied cultivars had in most cases another reaction norm differing considerably from that of the standard variety. The specificity of their reaction was manifested to a smaller extent in regard to its type and more strongly in the structure of ecological environments in their dynamic rows. As regards the individual traits, the reaction norm of cultivars was expressed to varying degrees, depending on their peculiarities. In terms of type of reaction, cultivars 791-169 (similar to the standard variety in 4 characters), Philipopolis, Kris, Darmi, Natalia and T-08 (similar in 3 characters) were the closest to the standard variety. Cultivars Boyana, Nelina, Colorit and C-9070, in which there was no similarity of traits with the standard variety, and other 13 cultivars, similar in only one trait, were the furthest from it. Cultivars from these two groups could be included in one selection program to create new genotypes with a convex type of reaction for most of the traits. The convex type of regression, with the exception of Helius variety, occurred in all cultivars and traits, which was a prerequisite for an effective selection of genotypes with high adaptive ability. With high adaptability and very valuable for the cotton breeding programs were found the cultivars: IPTP Veno and Tabladila-16, with a convex type of dynamic regression in four traits – seed cotton yield, boll weight, fiber ginning out turn and fiber length; Kris, Stoneville 112 and Dorina with a convex type of regression for three traits.
{"title":"Qualitative evaluation of the norm of reaction of Bulgarian and foreign cotton cultivars","authors":"N. Valkova, M. Koleva","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The norm of reaction in qualitative aspect was studied in 31 Bulgarian and foreign cotton cultivars. The results of competitive variety trial carried out at the Field Crops Institute in town of Chirpan during the period 2016 – 2019 were used. The type of their dynamic regression (of their regression curve) and the structure of ecological environments in their dynamic rows were determined, on five traits, in order to characterize the reaction norm of the studied genotypes. It was found that the studied cultivars had in most cases another reaction norm differing considerably from that of the standard variety. The specificity of their reaction was manifested to a smaller extent in regard to its type and more strongly in the structure of ecological environments in their dynamic rows. As regards the individual traits, the reaction norm of cultivars was expressed to varying degrees, depending on their peculiarities. In terms of type of reaction, cultivars 791-169 (similar to the standard variety in 4 characters), Philipopolis, Kris, Darmi, Natalia and T-08 (similar in 3 characters) were the closest to the standard variety. Cultivars Boyana, Nelina, Colorit and C-9070, in which there was no similarity of traits with the standard variety, and other 13 cultivars, similar in only one trait, were the furthest from it. Cultivars from these two groups could be included in one selection program to create new genotypes with a convex type of reaction for most of the traits. The convex type of regression, with the exception of Helius variety, occurred in all cultivars and traits, which was a prerequisite for an effective selection of genotypes with high adaptive ability. With high adaptability and very valuable for the cotton breeding programs were found the cultivars: IPTP Veno and Tabladila-16, with a convex type of dynamic regression in four traits – seed cotton yield, boll weight, fiber ginning out turn and fiber length; Kris, Stoneville 112 and Dorina with a convex type of regression for three traits.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43219845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/10.15547/ast.2022.01.001
B. Sharma, L. Yadav, A. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, M. Subedi, S. Subedi, Jiban Shrestha
Abstract. Drought is one of the major constraints to wheat production, and it is becoming a more serious problem in many wheat-growing regions of the world. It causes a severe reduction in wheat crop growth and productivity. Water stress at critical growth stages namely tillering, grain filling and flowering stages causes serious yield loss. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes are seen as a result of drought stress in wheat. When plants are exposed to drought stress, they use three basic survival strategies, stress avoidance, escape, and tolerance. Growing drought tolerant varieties and applying agronomic management to create innovative water-use approaches is important for drought management. This review summarizes the effects of drought stress on wheat growth and productivity. This review could be useful for wheat researchers and growers for making the right decision on drought management in wheat.
{"title":"Drought stress and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a review","authors":"B. Sharma, L. Yadav, A. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, M. Subedi, S. Subedi, Jiban Shrestha","doi":"10.15547/10.15547/ast.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/10.15547/ast.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Drought is one of the major constraints to wheat production, and it is becoming a more serious problem in many wheat-growing regions of the world. It causes a severe reduction in wheat crop growth and productivity. Water stress at critical growth stages namely tillering, grain filling and flowering stages causes serious yield loss. Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes are seen as a result of drought stress in wheat. When plants are exposed to drought stress, they use three basic survival strategies, stress avoidance, escape, and tolerance. Growing drought tolerant varieties and applying agronomic management to create innovative water-use approaches is important for drought management. This review summarizes the effects of drought stress on wheat growth and productivity. This review could be useful for wheat researchers and growers for making the right decision on drought management in wheat.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46687278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.013
M. M. Mustafa, M. B. Baig, F. Marikar
Abstract. Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of agricultural and food production, especially in agrarian communities. In Sri Lanka, rainfall is expected to decline by almost 10% by the year 2050 and the largest increase in temperature can be experienced. Despite the potential risks of climate change on agricultural productivity, Sri Lanka does not have a dedicated policy to respond to climate change. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research done in Sri Lanka to provide an understanding of factors that shape farmers’ adaptation to climate change and institutional link to the adaptive capacity of farming households. In this study we have taken secondary data from the World Bank and Central Bank of Sri Lanka to show how the farming population decreased and deforesting occurred due to the urbanization as well as to low education of the farming community. The results show that the majority of farmers who have climate variability adaptation strategies in place are largely influenced by indigenous knowledge. Women and low-income earners are less likely to employ climate change adaptation strategies in order to improve their agricultural productivity. The results have implications that agricultural extension officers service is needed to keep them in the industry and introduce new foresting schemes to carbon deposit and finally reduce the urbanization process.
{"title":"Agriculture farming extension model for analysing climate change adaptation: A case study of Sri Lankan farmers","authors":"M. M. Mustafa, M. B. Baig, F. Marikar","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of agricultural and food production, especially in agrarian communities. In Sri Lanka, rainfall is expected to decline by almost 10% by the year 2050 and the largest increase in temperature can be experienced. Despite the potential risks of climate change on agricultural productivity, Sri Lanka does not have a dedicated policy to respond to climate change. Furthermore, there is a dearth of research done in Sri Lanka to provide an understanding of factors that shape farmers’ adaptation to climate change and institutional link to the adaptive capacity of farming households. In this study we have taken secondary data from the World Bank and Central Bank of Sri Lanka to show how the farming population decreased and deforesting occurred due to the urbanization as well as to low education of the farming community. The results show that the majority of farmers who have climate variability adaptation strategies in place are largely influenced by indigenous knowledge. Women and low-income earners are less likely to employ climate change adaptation strategies in order to improve their agricultural productivity. The results have implications that agricultural extension officers service is needed to keep them in the industry and introduce new foresting schemes to carbon deposit and finally reduce the urbanization process.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42874819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15547/ast.2022.01.012
R. Moruf
Abstract. Crab proteins can be utilized as additives in baking items, as well as contributing to the nutritional content of dishes. The edible portion’s functional potential in wild and cultivated crabs (Cardisoma armatum) was determined using standard methods. In addition to water absorption capacity, both wild and cultivated female crabs had an encouragingly high swelling power of 269.30±24.26% and 238.78±3.25%, respectively. In combined sexes, there were higher percentages (%) of water absorption capacity (135.46), oil absorption capacity (74.27), emulsion stability (42.90), foam capacity (5.32), foam stability (40.25), dispersibility (10.01), swelling power (269.93) and solubility (3.33) in the edible portion of wild C. armatum. The cultured crabs showed higher values of packed bulk density (0.83 g.ml-1), loose bulk density (0.47 g.ml-1) and specific gravity (0.49 g.ml-1) while the wild crabs had better emulsion capacity (1.94 ml.g-1). The functional potential of the edible portion in wild and cultured crabs showed no significant differences (p<0.05). High functional solubility of the crab edible portion indicates potential applications in formulated food systems by providing attractive appearance and smooth mouthfeel to the product.
{"title":"Functional potential of the edible portion in wild and cultured crabs","authors":"R. Moruf","doi":"10.15547/ast.2022.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/ast.2022.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Crab proteins can be utilized as additives in baking items, as well as contributing to the nutritional content of dishes. The edible portion’s functional potential in wild and cultivated crabs (Cardisoma armatum) was determined using standard methods. In addition to water absorption capacity, both wild and cultivated female crabs had an encouragingly high swelling power of 269.30±24.26% and 238.78±3.25%, respectively. In combined sexes, there were higher percentages (%) of water absorption capacity (135.46), oil absorption capacity (74.27), emulsion stability (42.90), foam capacity (5.32), foam stability (40.25), dispersibility (10.01), swelling power (269.93) and solubility (3.33) in the edible portion of wild C. armatum. The cultured crabs showed higher values of packed bulk density (0.83 g.ml-1), loose bulk density (0.47 g.ml-1) and specific gravity (0.49 g.ml-1) while the wild crabs had better emulsion capacity (1.94 ml.g-1). The functional potential of the edible portion in wild and cultured crabs showed no significant differences (p<0.05). High functional solubility of the crab edible portion indicates potential applications in formulated food systems by providing attractive appearance and smooth mouthfeel to the product.","PeriodicalId":55762,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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