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Socio-economic aspects of organizational change management 组织变革管理的社会经济方面
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-34631
J. Premović
Radical changes faced by human society in the second half of the twentieth century had their repercussions on enterprises, imposing a new business philosophy of organizational behaviour and action as an imperative for success. The strategic approach in change management and human resource (HR) management has taken the place of the dominant management paradigm. It emphasizes the importance of the active attitude of the enterprises towards changes, which implies the processes of anticipating, initiating, creating, and introducing new changes in the daily business life of the enterprises. The organizational changes represent constant challenges for HR managers, too. Acceptance and active participation in changes significantly affects the business success of the enterprises and society as a whole. In addition to a positive attitude towards change, employees feel and show a negative attitude in the form of resistance to the organizational change. Therefore, managers face a very serious problem on a daily basis, how to overcome various resistances to changes in employees. The basic assumption that is made when implementing the process of change management and HR management in modern enterprises is that the human resources of the enterprises are the most important intangible business resources which have strategic importance for achieving competitive advantages. Based on this knowledge, the paper analyses the process of change management and the relationship to change. The attitude towards change is analysed both from the perspective of the enterprises, HR managers, and from the perspective of employees. For that purpose, relevant theoretical material was used, as well as adequate scientifically based methodology in the form of methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative and historical methods. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that HR managers play a key role in managing organizational change and overcoming various employee resistances to change. That is the reason why they must be able to recognize and understand the basic tendencies of change and potential resistance of employees in order to generate and mobilize the available potentials for initiating and realizing future changes.
20世纪下半叶人类社会所面临的剧烈变化对企业产生了影响,将组织行为和行动作为成功的必要条件的新商业哲学强加给企业。战略方法在变革管理和人力资源管理中已经取代了占主导地位的管理范式。它强调企业对变化的积极态度的重要性,这意味着在企业的日常商业生活中预测、发起、创造和引入新变化的过程。组织结构的变化也给人力资源经理带来了持续的挑战。接受和积极参与变革对企业和整个社会的商业成功有着重要的影响。员工除了对变革持积极态度外,还会以抵制组织变革的形式感受到并表现出消极态度。因此,管理者每天都面临着一个非常严重的问题,即如何克服员工对变革的各种抵制。现代企业在实施变革管理和人力资源管理过程中所做的基本假设是:企业的人力资源是企业最重要的无形商业资源,对企业获得竞争优势具有战略意义。在此基础上,本文分析了变革管理的过程及其与变革的关系。从企业、人力资源管理者和员工的角度分析了对变革的态度。为此目的,使用了有关的理论材料,以及以分析和综合、归纳和演绎、比较和历史方法为形式的适当的科学方法。根据所进行的研究,可以得出结论,人力资源经理在管理组织变革和克服员工对变革的各种抵制方面发挥着关键作用。这就是为什么他们必须能够认识和理解变革的基本趋势和员工的潜在阻力,以便产生和调动可用的潜力,以启动和实现未来的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Fish symbol and maritime motifs on late antique lamps from Central Balkans 中巴尔干半岛晚期古董灯上的鱼符号和海洋图案
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-41296
Danijela Tešić-Radovanović
Elements of Christian visual culture appeared in various media in monumental and applied art during the late antique period, from painted decoration in the catacombs, through funerary monuments, to utilitarian objects such as jewellery and lamps. The paper analyses the symbolic meaning of fish and maritime motifs in the context of the late antique visual culture of the Mediterranean and their meaning within the Interpretatio Christiana, as well as the appearance of these motifs on late antique lamps. Ten lamps with maritime motifs or in the form of fish or dolphins are known from the territory of the Central Balkans. Elements of decoration are considered in relation to analogies, textual references, and the context of the finds.
在古代晚期,基督教视觉文化的元素出现在纪念艺术和应用艺术的各种媒介中,从地下墓穴的彩绘装饰,到葬礼纪念碑,再到珠宝和灯具等实用物品。本文分析了鱼类和海洋图案在地中海晚期古代视觉文化背景下的象征意义,以及它们在基督教阐释中的意义,以及这些图案在晚期古董灯上的出现。十盏带有海洋图案或鱼或海豚形状的灯来自中巴尔干地区。装饰元素与类比、文本参考和发现的背景有关。
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引用次数: 0
Students' disinhibition in online communication and the Implications for foreign language pedagogy 学生网络交际中的去抑制现象及其对外语教学的启示
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-36824
Ljiljana Knežević, Jagoda Topalov, Sabina Halupka-Rešetar
Research in computer-mediated communication has pointed to online disinhibition effect, i.e., a tendency to interact with less restraint when online than in face-to-face contacts. The current study explores the presence and level of disinhibition in online communication among university students and sets it in the context of synchronous online foreign language learning. To this end, 284 university students who took a course in English as part of their study programs participated in the research. A quantitative approach employing a survey design was adopted and the results were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS 25. The findings show that the overall level of online disinhibition is rather low among the participants-the students self-report they feel inhibited when using the internet and communicating online. It also shows that male students tend to be more disinhibited in online communication than females. Two factors, the ability to immerse themselves in online learning surroundings and the use of headphones while attending lessons online are found to produce higher disinhibition levels. The findings imply that the affective domain deserves special attention in creating and conducting online language courses and that the digital environment requires a specific student-centered approach that is yet to be explored and defined.
对计算机媒介交流的研究指出了在线去抑制效应,即在线互动时比面对面交流时更少克制的倾向。本研究以同步在线外语学习为背景,探讨大学生在线交流中去抑制的存在与程度。为此,284名作为学习项目的一部分参加英语课程的大学生参与了研究。采用调查设计的定量方法,并通过SPSS 25中的描述性和推理性统计检验对结果进行分析。研究结果表明,在参与者中,网络去抑制的总体水平相当低——学生们自我报告说,他们在使用互联网和在线交流时感到被抑制。研究还表明,男生在网络交流中往往比女生更不受约束。两个因素,沉浸在在线学习环境中的能力和在在线上课时使用耳机,被发现能产生更高的去抑制水平。研究结果表明,在创建和开展在线语言课程时,情感领域值得特别关注,而数字环境需要一种以学生为中心的具体方法,这种方法尚未被探索和定义。
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引用次数: 0
The dark past of slavery in American plantation houses: Website promotion and perceptions of visitors in TripAdvisor reviews 美国种植园奴隶制的黑暗历史:网站推广和TripAdvisor评论中访问者的看法
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-39989
S. Cavalieri, Sara Corrizzato, Valeria Franceschi
The visual and linguistic representations of tourism destinations for promotional aims may be affected by their primary function of acquiring new visitors; for this reason, they are not always "value-free expressions of a place's identity" (Pritchard & Morgan, 2001, p. 177). The concept of dark tourism seems to perfectly mirror the connection between terminological choices and culturally-bound constraints. It has been acknowledged that several dark tourism sites tend to valorise (or hide) events associated with tragedy and death, attracting tourists' interest for their (non)macabre details at the expense of historical objectivity. This is the case of plantation houses in the US, whose narrative on slavery has often been "whitewashed" and minimized (e.g., Harnay, 2022; Butler, 2001; Eichstedt & Small, 2002). This study aims at investigating how visitors to popular plantation destinations in the US perceive and evaluate the presentation of the experience of slavery in these sites vis-à-vis what is presented on the plantation websites. The analysis is therefore twofold: first, a qualitative multimodal study of the content included in the websites of the plantations will shed light on whether the websites include information on the role of slave labour in the plantations, and secondly, a corpus-assisted investigation of the visitors' reviews posted on TripAdvisor will attempt to clarify how visitors perceive the plantations as a tourist location, and the importance they place on receiving honest information about the brutality of slavery during their visits. The mixed-methods approach has allowed researchers to delve into this phenomenon from two opposite, but intertwined, perspectives: one driven by experts officially promoting the visit through the websites and the other offered by visitors sharing their personal experiences and feelings.
旅游目的地的视觉和语言表达可能会受到吸引新游客的主要功能的影响;由于这个原因,它们并不总是“一个地方身份的价值自由表达”(Pritchard & Morgan, 2001, p. 177)。黑暗旅游的概念似乎完美地反映了术语选择和文化约束之间的联系。众所周知,一些黑暗旅游景点倾向于夸大(或隐藏)与悲剧和死亡有关的事件,以牺牲历史客观性为代价,以其(非)可怕的细节吸引游客的兴趣。这就是美国种植园的情况,其关于奴隶制的叙述经常被“粉饰”和最小化(例如,Harnay, 2022;巴特勒,2001;Eichstedt & Small, 2002)。本研究旨在调查美国热门种植园目的地的游客如何感知和评估这些网站中奴隶制经历的呈现(参见-à-vis种植园网站上呈现的内容)。因此,分析是双重的:首先,对种植园网站中包含的内容进行定性多模式研究,将阐明网站是否包含种植园中奴隶劳工的信息;其次,对游客在TripAdvisor上发布的评论进行语料辅助调查,将试图澄清游客如何看待种植园作为一个旅游景点,以及他们在访问期间接受有关奴隶制残酷的诚实信息的重要性。混合方法的方法使研究人员能够从两个相反但相互交织的角度深入研究这一现象:一个是由专家通过网站正式推广访问,另一个是由访问者分享他们的个人经历和感受。
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引用次数: 0
Polysemy-related problems in ESP students: A case study ESP学生的多义词问题:个案研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-32382
Dragoslava Mićović, Lidija Beko
Detected as a problem in foreign language learning, polysemy has been a subject of many various studies and from many various aspects. The problem of polysemy is particularly important in English for Specific Purposes, or in our case English for Police Purposes, since it very often gets unnoticed by learners. Having learnt one meaning in a General English course, learners are usually unaware that the same word can have a new meaning in technical texts. The aim of the case study is to examine to what extent the students can recognize the senses of polysemous words in different contexts and if the level the particular meaning is associated with (according to the CEFR) influences the percentage of correct/incorrect answers. We used a questionnaire and a self-designed vocabulary test to collect the data both about the participants and their practical knowledge of polysemy. The study was conducted with a group of I-year students of Forensic Engineering at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. The results obtained should help improve the course of English for Police Purposes.
一词多义作为外语学习中的一个问题,已经从许多不同的方面进行了许多不同的研究。一词多义的问题在特殊用途英语中尤其重要,在我们的例子中是警察用途英语,因为它经常被学习者忽视。在普通英语课程中学习了一个意思后,学习者通常不会意识到同一个单词在技术文本中可以有新的含义。案例研究的目的是检查学生在多大程度上可以识别多义词在不同语境中的意义,以及特定意义相关的水平(根据CEFR)是否影响正确/错误答案的百分比。我们通过问卷调查和自行设计的词汇测试来收集参与者的数据以及他们对多义词的实际知识。这项研究是在一组犯罪调查与警察研究大学法医工程专业的一年级学生中进行的。所得结果应有助于改进警察用英语课程。
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引用次数: 0
Online English dictionaries: An overview of the characteristics of three dictionaries and an analysis of their suitability for students 在线英语词典:概述三种词典的特点,并分析它们对学生的适用性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-34243
M. Todorović, Nataša Spasić
In this paper we have scrutinized three popular monolingual English dictionaries: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online, Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the online versions of the printed Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. After the introductory part, consisting of a short overview of the general nature and importance of (online) dictionaries in the classroom, we have presented general characteristics that all observed dictionaries have in common. Following this, a more in-depth analysis of the intricacies of the three dictionaries has been given. We have studied the additional functions that each of the dictionaries has (the thesaurus, synonymous expressions, fun facts, quizzes, grammar exercises, etc.). Finally, we have established a connection between this technological innovation and the classroom itself. We have used three factors to determine the suitability and influence of each dictionary: (a) economy; (b) interactivity; (c) simplicity. Our aim was to determine the importance and effectiveness of modern technologies, so that their potential can be implemented in education. Based on the observed data, we can conclude that LDCEO and OLD (given their pedagogical purposes) are more suitable dictionaries for students of English as a foreign language on the primary and high school levels, while MWD, due to its purpose, complexity of language and other advanced features is more suitable for students on higher levels of education.
在本文中,我们仔细研究了三种流行的单语英语词典:朗文当代英语在线词典、牛津学习词典和韦氏词典,以及印刷版朗文当代英语词典、牛津高级学习词典和韦氏大学词典的在线版本。在介绍部分,包括对(在线)字典在课堂上的一般性质和重要性的简短概述之后,我们提出了所有观察到的字典的共同特征。在此之后,对这三本词典的复杂性进行了更深入的分析。我们已经研究了每个字典的附加功能(同义词典、同义表达、有趣的事实、测验、语法练习等)。最后,我们在这项技术创新和课堂本身之间建立了联系。我们使用了三个因素来确定每个词典的适用性和影响力:(a)经济;(b)交互性;(c)简单。我们的目标是确定现代技术的重要性和有效性,以便在教育中发挥其潜力。根据观察到的数据,我们可以得出结论,LDCEO和OLD(考虑到它们的教学目的)更适合小学和高中阶段的英语作为外语的学生,而MWD由于其目的,语言的复杂性和其他高级特征更适合较高教育水平的学生。
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引用次数: 0
Functional abilities of children as factors of school achievement 儿童的功能能力是影响学业成绩的因素
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-35020
Sanja Đoković, Tamara R. Kovačević, Sanja Ostojić-Zeljković
Understanding the factors which affect students' school achievement is an important knowledge source for strategic planning and encouraging changes in education. In this paper, we focused on examining the factors related to personal characteristics. The aim of this research was to determine the relation between school failure and achievements in certain functional abilities, such as: academic skills (reading, writing), attention, communication (receptive and expressive speech), class participation, and behavior. The sample included 195 younger school-age children of both genders. Students' functional abilities were assessed by the S.I.F.T.E.R. scale (Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk). The results showed that school achievement correlated with all assessed functional abilities. The coefficient of multiple determination showed that 48% of individual differences in children's school achievement can be explained by individual differences in the given model of functional abilities. It should also be emphasized that only two functional abilities, attention and communication, were singled out as statistically significant particular predictors.
了解影响学生学习成绩的因素是战略规划和鼓励教育变革的重要知识来源。在本文中,我们重点研究了与个人特征相关的因素。本研究的目的是确定学业失败与某些功能能力成就之间的关系,例如:学术技能(阅读、写作)、注意力、沟通(接受和表达性演讲)、课堂参与和行为。样本包括195名年龄较小的男女学龄儿童。采用S.I.F.T.E.R.量表(Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk)评估学生的功能能力。结果表明,学业成绩与所有评估的功能能力相关。多重决定系数表明,在给定的功能能力模型中,儿童学业成绩的个体差异有48%可以用个体差异来解释。还应强调指出,只有两种功能能力,即注意和交流,被挑出来作为统计上重要的特别预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Greek-Bulgarian dispute through the prism of Russian diplomacy: From the Exarchy to the schism (1870-1872) 俄国外交棱镜下的希腊-保加利亚争端:从主教制到分裂(1870-1872)
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-40417
Maja Laković
The compromise policy of the Russian government served Ignatiyev as a cover for his obvious favour to the Bulgarian side, with the goal of achieving not only church but also political independence of Bulgaria. During the Greek-Bulgarian religious conflict, the Russian ambassador had a high degree of freedom in his independent actions. The motives of all participants in the dispute corresponded more to a political than to an ecclesiastical struggle. He also considered the Proclamation of the Bulgarian Exarchy a personal triumph, which he interpreted as a victory for the Slavs in Turkey, while it was actually a victory for the Bulgarian side. The proclamation of the Bulgarian Exarchate, and not long after, the schism, permanently changed the relations between Russia and the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
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引用次数: 0
Directed communicative modelling as an ESP teaching strategy at tertiary level: Recontextualization and other issues 定向交际建模作为高等教育ESP教学策略:再情境化及其他问题
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-33725
N. Milivojevic, S. Radojičić
The paper presents an innovative "text-and-context" teaching methodology applied to develop multiple language and professional competencies in the LSP university classroom. We take the established principles of Directed Communicative Modelling (Dressen-Hammouda, 2003) and implement them into an LSP course for Optometrists, which is a three-year Bachelor Program of Applied (Vocational) Studies offered by the Physics Department at the Faculty of Sciences in Novi Sad. The presented LSP course for optometrists constitutes the following language segments: medical English, occupational English, technical English, and English for academic purposes, with a complex range of contextual specifications attached. Consequently, the present approach relies as much on building contextual knowledge as it does on building language and textual competencies. Having a specialized language competence is therefore principally about learning to manipulate and creatively and inventively recreate language structure within a proper context attached to its use. The power of the proposed teaching methodology lies in its potential constructing of the wide range of specialized knowledge structures involved in professional language communicative situations. The aim of the present study is twofold: to describe and explain a localized and recontextualized version of Directed Communicative Modelling, which is a largely Anglo-Saxon teaching practice, in the Serbian university system and to report on the defined practical outcomes of such an approach for the course where the main learning objectives for the students include (among others) the full capacity for independent professional work in the field of optics and optometry and reading the relevant literature in English as well as conducting academic and professional research. We conclude that, as a principled and defined teaching strategy, Directed Communicative Modelling integrates assumptions about both linguistic and social conditions for specialized discourses while aiming to get students to understand how to best use language as an effective and powerful textual and contextual tool.
本文提出了一种创新的“文本和语境”教学方法,用于培养LSP大学课堂的多语言和专业能力。我们采用定向沟通建模的既定原则(Dressen-Hammouda, 2003),并将其应用到为视光师开设的LSP课程中,该课程是由诺维萨德科学学院物理系提供的三年制应用(职业)研究学士课程。为验光师提供的LSP课程包括以下语言部分:医学英语、职业英语、技术英语和学术英语,并附有一系列复杂的上下文规范。因此,目前的方法既依赖于建立语境知识,也依赖于建立语言和文本能力。因此,拥有一种专门的语言能力主要是学习在适当的语境中创造性地、创造性地重新创造语言结构。所提出的教学方法的力量在于它有可能构建专业语言交际情境中涉及的广泛的专业知识结构。本研究的目的有两个:描述和解释定向交际建模的本地化和重新语境化版本,这主要是一种盎格鲁-撒克逊教学实践,并报告这种方法在课程中确定的实际结果,学生的主要学习目标包括(除其他外)在光学和验光领域进行独立专业工作的全部能力,阅读英语相关文献,以及进行学术和专业研究。我们的结论是,作为一种原则性和明确的教学策略,定向交际建模整合了对专业话语的语言和社会条件的假设,同时旨在让学生了解如何最好地使用语言作为有效和强大的文本和上下文工具。
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引用次数: 0
Family as a context of informal education 家庭作为非正式教育的背景
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5937/zrffp52-37159
Daliborka Popović, V. Minić, M. Popović
Due to the changed social circumstances and the growing role of informal education in the process of personal development, the aim of the paper is to consider the importance of family activities, which hold the most dominant role in informal education. The key premise of modern society must therefore be based on establishing continuity in the process of lifelong learning, through the necessity of a holistic relationship between education and society. It is important to move away from the classical way of understanding the education as a process of knowledge transfer that takes place in the formal context and focus on the fact that learning is not limited by time, space, and institution. Starting from the fact that the family is the first and foremost system for a child, only with changed roles in different life cycles, an attempt was made to point out key effects on the family, but also on the child by the family, primarily for prosocial development. Prosocial development takes place by modelling behaviours through which the desired value system is expressed and instilled in a child. Regarding the family as educators in informal education, the paper emphasizes the need to monitor procedures that have a scientific and professional basis, with caution against "falling under the influence" of implicit theories of education that are promoted on social networks and in other, modern forms of social groups. In that sense, the necessity of supporting the family in educational activities, which represent the core of informal education in the family context, is emphasized. After considering the basic principles of formal, non-formal and informal education, the paper emphasizes the growing importance of informal education and the role of the family in this process, considering the key settings of parenting for holistic personality development, based on Kant's claim to educate. Namely, the attention was drawn to the educational activities of the family in the process of individual and social development through an informal approach, as well as to the questions of its competence to respond to the challenges posed by the social change.
由于社会环境的变化和非正式教育在个人发展过程中的作用越来越大,本文的目的是考虑在非正式教育中占据最主导地位的家庭活动的重要性。因此,现代社会的关键前提必须基于在终身学习过程中建立连续性,通过教育与社会之间整体关系的必要性。重要的是要摆脱将教育理解为在正式环境中发生的知识转移过程的传统方式,并关注学习不受时间、空间和制度限制的事实。从家庭是儿童的首要和最重要的系统这一事实出发,只是在不同的生命周期中角色发生了变化,试图指出家庭对家庭以及家庭对儿童的主要影响,主要是为了促进亲社会发展。亲社会发展是通过塑造行为来实现的,通过这种行为,所期望的价值体系得到表达并灌输给儿童。关于家庭作为非正式教育的教育者,论文强调有必要监测具有科学和专业基础的程序,并谨慎地防止在社会网络和其他现代形式的社会群体中推广的内隐教育理论的“影响”。在这个意义上,强调了在教育活动中支持家庭的必要性,因为教育活动是家庭背景下非正规教育的核心。在考虑了正规教育、非正规教育和非正规教育的基本原则之后,本文强调了非正规教育日益增长的重要性以及家庭在这一过程中的作用,并基于康德的教育主张,考虑了全面人格发展的养育关键设置。也就是说,会议提请注意通过非正式方式在个人和社会发展过程中家庭的教育活动,以及家庭是否有能力应对社会变化所带来的挑战的问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Zbornik Radova Filozofskog Fakulteta u Pristini
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