S. Jesmin, Takeru Shima, N. Yamaguchi, F. Sohael, A. Maqbool, Arifur Rahman, M. Moroi, N. Shimojo, S. Kawano, Koichi Watanabe, F. Takeda, H. Soya
Diabetes mellitus, a life-threatening non-communicable disease, is now an epidemiclevel problem in developed countries, and also prevalent in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been facing a significant and growing burden of diabetes mellitus handling in recent decades. In the present study, we investigated whether a daily walking intervention could improve the fasting blood sugar level in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus participants in rural Bangladesh who were not on medication. A rural population of 1,045 people in Bangladesh were screened for diabetes mellitus. One hundred fifty-six people, including 87 diabetes mellitus participants, went through a 5-month daily walking program (twice daily, 1.5 km walking each time). In our initial screening, the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases was 8.5% in the rural population. Mean fasting blood sugar level in these new diabetes mellitus cases was 10.0 ± 0.33 mmol/L. After five months of exercise, both the fasting blood sugar and 2h OGTT sugar levels were significantly improved, and no DM (diabetes mellitus) cases were on medication. The current research findings show that a walking program can be a potential lifestyle intervention to combat the diabetes mellitus epidemic in a poor rural context in Bangladesh.
{"title":"Daily walking habit reduces fasting blood sugar level in newly diagnosed diabetic participants in rural Bangladesh","authors":"S. Jesmin, Takeru Shima, N. Yamaguchi, F. Sohael, A. Maqbool, Arifur Rahman, M. Moroi, N. Shimojo, S. Kawano, Koichi Watanabe, F. Takeda, H. Soya","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.85","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus, a life-threatening non-communicable disease, is now an epidemiclevel problem in developed countries, and also prevalent in developing countries, including Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been facing a significant and growing burden of diabetes mellitus handling in recent decades. In the present study, we investigated whether a daily walking intervention could improve the fasting blood sugar level in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus participants in rural Bangladesh who were not on medication. A rural population of 1,045 people in Bangladesh were screened for diabetes mellitus. One hundred fifty-six people, including 87 diabetes mellitus participants, went through a 5-month daily walking program (twice daily, 1.5 km walking each time). In our initial screening, the prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus cases was 8.5% in the rural population. Mean fasting blood sugar level in these new diabetes mellitus cases was 10.0 ± 0.33 mmol/L. After five months of exercise, both the fasting blood sugar and 2h OGTT sugar levels were significantly improved, and no DM (diabetes mellitus) cases were on medication. The current research findings show that a walking program can be a potential lifestyle intervention to combat the diabetes mellitus epidemic in a poor rural context in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46624985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effect of incline on neuromuscular mechanisms in uphill sprint running. Nine male college sprinters performed 5-sec constant speed running trials on a motorized treadmill at 7.5 m/s. Each trial was conducted under different inclined conditions (level and 5.0% grade). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 6 muscles of the lower limbs, including gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius lateralis. We found higher muscle activity in all muscles during the stance phase in uphill sprinting except for rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. Higher muscle activation during the recovery phase was found in the rectus femoris muscle in uphill sprinting. These muscle activity adaptations in uphill sprinting were paralleled by higher step frequency and shorter step length. Our results suggest that lower limb muscle activity can meaningfully adapt to sprint-specific demand in uphill running.
{"title":"Effect of incline on lower extremity muscle activity during sprinting","authors":"Masamichi Okudaira, Steffen Willwacher, Seita Kuki, Takuya Yoshida, Hirohiko Maemura, S. Tanigawa","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.67","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of incline on neuromuscular mechanisms in uphill sprint running. Nine male college sprinters performed 5-sec constant speed running trials on a motorized treadmill at 7.5 m/s. Each trial was conducted under different inclined conditions (level and 5.0% grade). Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 6 muscles of the lower limbs, including gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius lateralis. We found higher muscle activity in all muscles during the stance phase in uphill sprinting except for rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. Higher muscle activation during the recovery phase was found in the rectus femoris muscle in uphill sprinting. These muscle activity adaptations in uphill sprinting were paralleled by higher step frequency and shorter step length. Our results suggest that lower limb muscle activity can meaningfully adapt to sprint-specific demand in uphill running.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44467626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to clarify oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics of body mass-based squat exercise (SQBM) with relation to age. Fourteen healthy adults and 19 healthy children performed SQBM 200 times as well as an incremental loaded bicycle test to determine maximal VO2 and HR. The V O2 and HR during SQBM were normalized to maximal VO2 (%V O2peak) and HR (%HRmax), respectively. Electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis and biceps femoris muscles from the right leg. In the VO2 and HR during SQBM, the time constant in children was faster than adults, whereas the physiological load (%VO2peak and %HRmax) was almost the same between children and adults. In both groups, %VO2peak was significantly related to %HRmax during SQBM. The slope of the %VO2peak-%HRmax relationship was 0.92 for children, and 0.73 for adults. The current results demonstrate that, compared to adults, the rise in VO2 and HR after initiation of SQBM is faster in children, and the physiological load during SQBM partially depends on individual maximal aerobic capacity.
{"title":"Oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics of body mass-based squat exercise in children and adults","authors":"Miki Haramura, Y. Takai","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.57","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to clarify oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics of body mass-based squat exercise (SQBM) with relation to age. Fourteen healthy adults and 19 healthy children performed SQBM 200 times as well as an incremental loaded bicycle test to determine maximal VO2 and HR. The V O2 and HR during SQBM were normalized to maximal VO2 (%V O2peak) and HR (%HRmax), respectively. Electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis and biceps femoris muscles from the right leg. In the VO2 and HR during SQBM, the time constant in children was faster than adults, whereas the physiological load (%VO2peak and %HRmax) was almost the same between children and adults. In both groups, %VO2peak was significantly related to %HRmax during SQBM. The slope of the %VO2peak-%HRmax relationship was 0.92 for children, and 0.73 for adults. The current results demonstrate that, compared to adults, the rise in VO2 and HR after initiation of SQBM is faster in children, and the physiological load during SQBM partially depends on individual maximal aerobic capacity.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kyan, Shigeho Tanaka, M. Takakura, Tim Olds, Natasha Schranz, C. Tanaka
The aim of this study was to examine the validity of a Japanese version of the physical activity (PA) question of the Patient-Centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Plus Nutrition (PACE+), which is globally used to assess compliance with the WHO PA recommendation for youth. Analyses included 80 Japanese upper elementary students and 44 Japanese junior high students. Consistency of the classification of achieving/not achieving the PA recommendation between the two methods (PACE+ and ActiGraph accelerometry) was assessed by calculating percentage agreement rate, sensitivity, and specificity. Spearman rank correlation (ρ) was applied to assess the correlation between the two methods. The percentage agreement in upper elementary students and junior high students was 83.8% and 65.9%, respectively. While the sensitivity and specificity of the scale in assessing the compliance of upper elementary students with PA recommendation were 8.3% and 97.1%, respectively, and for junior high school students 42.9% and 76.7%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between PACE+ and accelerometry for elementary and junior high school students were 0.13 and 0.50, respectively. The validity of PACE+ among Japanese adolescents was confirmed similarly to previous studies conducted in other countries. However, it should be viewed with caution that PACE+ may underestimate the proportion of children achieving PA recommendations.
{"title":"Validity of Japanese version of a two-item 60-minute moderate-to-vigorous physical activity screening tool for compliance with WHO physical activity recommendations","authors":"A. Kyan, Shigeho Tanaka, M. Takakura, Tim Olds, Natasha Schranz, C. Tanaka","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.99","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the validity of a Japanese version of the physical activity (PA) question of the Patient-Centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Plus Nutrition (PACE+), which is globally used to assess compliance with the WHO PA recommendation for youth. Analyses included 80 Japanese upper elementary students and 44 Japanese junior high students. Consistency of the classification of achieving/not achieving the PA recommendation between the two methods (PACE+ and ActiGraph accelerometry) was assessed by calculating percentage agreement rate, sensitivity, and specificity. Spearman rank correlation (ρ) was applied to assess the correlation between the two methods. The percentage agreement in upper elementary students and junior high students was 83.8% and 65.9%, respectively. While the sensitivity and specificity of the scale in assessing the compliance of upper elementary students with PA recommendation were 8.3% and 97.1%, respectively, and for junior high school students 42.9% and 76.7%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between PACE+ and accelerometry for elementary and junior high school students were 0.13 and 0.50, respectively. The validity of PACE+ among Japanese adolescents was confirmed similarly to previous studies conducted in other countries. However, it should be viewed with caution that PACE+ may underestimate the proportion of children achieving PA recommendations.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41537008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A set of mathematical models for resistance training (RT model) with repeated dynamic and voluntary activations of knee extensor muscles was proposed and validated. RT model predicts muscle activity, fatigue and recovery, and can be used to predict the mechanical impulses identified in different muscle fiber types. Several resistance training program variables (e.g. load, velocity, number of sets, and duration of rest intervals) were addressed in this study. Experimental data from six subjects were taken under several different training protocols. For the protocols studied, the model precisely predicted the maximum number of repetitions during knee extension resistance exercise (R2 = 0.87). This study demonstrates the applicability of the first simple mathematical model for voluntary dynamic exercise of knee extensor muscles. The developed model calculates the mechanical impulse of fast twitch fiber for the selected protocols. For instance, the model shows high intensity training tends to induce more fast-twitch fiber recruitment than that in low intensity training in the case of non-failure. This model is expected to help in understanding how impulses of different fiber types contribute and affect training.
{"title":"Proposal and validation of mathematical model for resistance training","authors":"Shougo Hatanaka, N. Ishii","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.109","url":null,"abstract":"A set of mathematical models for resistance training (RT model) with repeated dynamic and voluntary activations of knee extensor muscles was proposed and validated. RT model predicts muscle activity, fatigue and recovery, and can be used to predict the mechanical impulses identified in different muscle fiber types. Several resistance training program variables (e.g. load, velocity, number of sets, and duration of rest intervals) were addressed in this study. Experimental data from six subjects were taken under several different training protocols. For the protocols studied, the model precisely predicted the maximum number of repetitions during knee extension resistance exercise (R2 = 0.87). This study demonstrates the applicability of the first simple mathematical model for voluntary dynamic exercise of knee extensor muscles. The developed model calculates the mechanical impulse of fast twitch fiber for the selected protocols. For instance, the model shows high intensity training tends to induce more fast-twitch fiber recruitment than that in low intensity training in the case of non-failure. This model is expected to help in understanding how impulses of different fiber types contribute and affect training.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44663813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jumpei Osakabe, T. Ohya, Jun Koizumi, Ryosuke Inada, Takaaki Matsumoto, Y. Umemura
Inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) may limit exercise performance. It has been reported that IMF occurs after various exercises; however, it remains unclear whether IMF occurs after tennis singles match play. The purpose of this study was to test whether tennis singles match play induced IMF. Nine female college tennis players participated in this study. The players were paired in accordance with their skill level, and then played a singles match for an effective playing time (EPT) of 20 minutes. A portable autospirometer was used to measure the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before and immediately after the match as an index of IMF. Heart rate and perceptual measurements were recorded after every 2.5 minutes of effective playing time. The total match duration in this study was 96 ± 8 minutes. Post-match MIP was significantly lower than pre-match MIP (103 ± 21 cmH 2 O vs. 92 ± 22 cmH 2 O, p < 0.05, effect size = 0.47), and the magnitude of the decrease in MIP was 10.0 ± 9.7%. The present results show that IMF occurs after tennis singles match play in females.
吸气肌疲劳(IMF)可能会限制运动表现。据报道，IMF发生在各种演习之后;然而，目前尚不清楚IMF是否发生在网球单打比赛之后。本研究的目的是测试网球单打比赛是否会诱发IMF。9名女大学生网球运动员参与了这项研究。选手按照技术水平进行配对，然后进行单打比赛，有效比赛时间为20分钟。采用便携式自呼吸计测量比赛前后最大吸气压(MIP)作为IMF指标。在每2.5分钟的有效游戏时间后记录心率和知觉测量。本研究的总匹配时间为96±8分钟。配对后MIP显著低于配对前MIP(103±21 cmh2o vs 92±22 cmh2o, p < 0.05，效应量= 0.47)，MIP下降幅度为10.0±9.7%。目前的研究结果表明，女性网球单打比赛后会出现IMF。
{"title":"Tennis singles match play induces inspiratory muscle fatigue in female tennis players","authors":"Jumpei Osakabe, T. Ohya, Jun Koizumi, Ryosuke Inada, Takaaki Matsumoto, Y. Umemura","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.33","url":null,"abstract":"Inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) may limit exercise performance. It has been reported that IMF occurs after various exercises; however, it remains unclear whether IMF occurs after tennis singles match play. The purpose of this study was to test whether tennis singles match play induced IMF. Nine female college tennis players participated in this study. The players were paired in accordance with their skill level, and then played a singles match for an effective playing time (EPT) of 20 minutes. A portable autospirometer was used to measure the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before and immediately after the match as an index of IMF. Heart rate and perceptual measurements were recorded after every 2.5 minutes of effective playing time. The total match duration in this study was 96 ± 8 minutes. Post-match MIP was significantly lower than pre-match MIP (103 ± 21 cmH 2 O vs. 92 ± 22 cmH 2 O, p < 0.05, effect size = 0.47), and the magnitude of the decrease in MIP was 10.0 ± 9.7%. The present results show that IMF occurs after tennis singles match play in females.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kimoto, I. Kambayashi, Akane Akizuki, M. Tsukamoto, M. Fukushi, A. Shionoya
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains homeostasis through the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic subsystems or divisions. Currently, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) offers an indirect, non-invasive assessment of ANS function. An irregular lifestyle and stress are known to affect ANS balance, influencing many diseases. Moreover, ANS disorder plays an important role in climacteric symptoms in menopausal females. The purpose of this study was designed to assess the effects of yoga practice sessions (herein re-ferred to as “yoga”) on ANS function and focused on the relationship between ANS function and subject age or personal history of yoga. A total of 113 healthy females participated in this study. They attended a 90-120 minute yoga practice session conducted by a well-qualified in-structor. ANS function was assessed before and after the yoga practice session by HRV power spectral analysis. As a result, in females, yoga reduced fatigue by primarily improving sympathetic activity. In addition, the LnHF values tended to be increased after yoga only in the over-60y (60 years) group. Furthermore, there were individual differences in the amount of change in the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity values. In females with a low activity level before yoga, values were increased; whereas values decreased in females with a high activity value before yoga. In subjects with ≥5-year history of yoga, there was no significant correla tion between the ANS parameters and subject age. Our study suggests that yoga for females supports well-balanced ANS function, and that the continuation of yoga over a period of time contributes to an improvement in ANS function.
{"title":"Effect of yoga on autonomic nervous system function in females","authors":"R. Kimoto, I. Kambayashi, Akane Akizuki, M. Tsukamoto, M. Fukushi, A. Shionoya","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.25","url":null,"abstract":"The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains homeostasis through the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic subsystems or divisions. Currently, analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) offers an indirect, non-invasive assessment of ANS function. An irregular lifestyle and stress are known to affect ANS balance, influencing many diseases. Moreover, ANS disorder plays an important role in climacteric symptoms in menopausal females. The purpose of this study was designed to assess the effects of yoga practice sessions (herein re-ferred to as “yoga”) on ANS function and focused on the relationship between ANS function and subject age or personal history of yoga. A total of 113 healthy females participated in this study. They attended a 90-120 minute yoga practice session conducted by a well-qualified in-structor. ANS function was assessed before and after the yoga practice session by HRV power spectral analysis. As a result, in females, yoga reduced fatigue by primarily improving sympathetic activity. In addition, the LnHF values tended to be increased after yoga only in the over-60y (60 years) group. Furthermore, there were individual differences in the amount of change in the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity values. In females with a low activity level before yoga, values were increased; whereas values decreased in females with a high activity value before yoga. In subjects with ≥5-year history of yoga, there was no significant correla tion between the ANS parameters and subject age. Our study suggests that yoga for females supports well-balanced ANS function, and that the continuation of yoga over a period of time contributes to an improvement in ANS function.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48212148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interest in vegetarian and vegan diets continues to grow, not only in the general population, but in the high-performing athlete. Vegetarian diets may lower risk of chronic diseases and have proposed ergogenic benefits to the athlete regarding exercise performance and enhanced recovery. However, controversy and confusion exist in the literature regarding vegetarianism. Traditionally, a vegetarian or vegan diet was considered low in certain micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, B2, B12, D), as well as protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and total energy needs. However, a vegetarian diet typically contains higher complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, magnesium, nitrates, folic acid, vitamin C and E, carotenoids and other phytochemicals which may offer certain performance benefits to the athlete. This review summarizes the current literature on the benefits of a vegetarian diet specific to the athlete, clarifies nutritional requirements, and provides insight on the potential performance benefits. With proper meal planning, an athlete can meet all their nutritional needs with foods derived from plants without any loss in physical performance.
{"title":"Update on vegetarian and vegan athletes: a review","authors":"K. Vitale, S. Hueglin","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in vegetarian and vegan diets continues to grow, not only in the general population, but in the high-performing athlete. Vegetarian diets may lower risk of chronic diseases and have proposed ergogenic benefits to the athlete regarding exercise performance and enhanced recovery. However, controversy and confusion exist in the literature regarding vegetarianism. Traditionally, a vegetarian or vegan diet was considered low in certain micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, B2, B12, D), as well as protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and total energy needs. However, a vegetarian diet typically contains higher complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, magnesium, nitrates, folic acid, vitamin C and E, carotenoids and other phytochemicals which may offer certain performance benefits to the athlete. This review summarizes the current literature on the benefits of a vegetarian diet specific to the athlete, clarifies nutritional requirements, and provides insight on the potential performance benefits. With proper meal planning, an athlete can meet all their nutritional needs with foods derived from plants without any loss in physical performance.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takeru Shima, S. Jesmin, Hayato Nakao, K. Tai, Tomonori Shimofure, Yoshihiro Arai, Keiko Kiyama, Yoko Onizawa
Empathy, which consists of cognitive and affective empathy, is one of the vital skills in humans for creating and maintaining relationships with others, now, there are many empathy-deficient people, possibly deriving from an increase in harassment-related issues. Although there is a possibility that physical activity improves empathy, the association of physical activity with cognitive and affective empathy in healthy humans remains unclear. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the relationship between levels of physical activity and selfreported empathy. Eight hundred and ninety-three responses for two questionnaires, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SV-IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), were analyzed. Levels of physical activity in a usual week were measured based on the SV-IPAQ, and participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high physical activity. The scores for cognitive and affective empathy were measured based on QCAE. We found that people with a moderate or high physical activity level show significantly higher self-reported cognitive empathy compared to people with a low physical activity level. The score for self-reported affective empathy wasn’t affected by physical activity level. Physical activity level in a usual week showed a significant positive correlation with self-reported cognitive empathy scores, but not with self-reported affective empathy scores. Our findings imply that an increase in physical activity contributes to better cognitive empathy in healthy young adults.
{"title":"Association between self-reported empathy and level of physical activity in healthy young adults","authors":"Takeru Shima, S. Jesmin, Hayato Nakao, K. Tai, Tomonori Shimofure, Yoshihiro Arai, Keiko Kiyama, Yoko Onizawa","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.45","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy, which consists of cognitive and affective empathy, is one of the vital skills in humans for creating and maintaining relationships with others, now, there are many empathy-deficient people, possibly deriving from an increase in harassment-related issues. Although there is a possibility that physical activity improves empathy, the association of physical activity with cognitive and affective empathy in healthy humans remains unclear. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the relationship between levels of physical activity and selfreported empathy. Eight hundred and ninety-three responses for two questionnaires, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SV-IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), were analyzed. Levels of physical activity in a usual week were measured based on the SV-IPAQ, and participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high physical activity. The scores for cognitive and affective empathy were measured based on QCAE. We found that people with a moderate or high physical activity level show significantly higher self-reported cognitive empathy compared to people with a low physical activity level. The score for self-reported affective empathy wasn’t affected by physical activity level. Physical activity level in a usual week showed a significant positive correlation with self-reported cognitive empathy scores, but not with self-reported affective empathy scores. Our findings imply that an increase in physical activity contributes to better cognitive empathy in healthy young adults.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroto Honda, M. Igaki, M. Komatsu, S. Tanaka, T. Takaishi, Tatsuya Hayashi
We aimed at evaluating the effect of short-duration stair climbing–descending exercise (ST-EX) on 24-hour blood glucose (BG) response in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Seven men (age, 70.1 ± 1.3 years) with uncomplicated T2D consumed three meals per day according to a meal plan for patients with diabetes. Participants completed one session of ST-EX 60 and 120 min after each meal on the first day (ST-EX day), and did not perform STEX on the following day (REST day). Each ST-EX session comprised two 3-min bouts of brisk climbing to the second floor, followed by walking down to the first floor. The BG levels on the experimental days were recorded using a continuous glucose monitoring device. The mean BG level and the area under the curve for BG in the 24-hour period on the ST-EX day were significantly lower than those in the same period on the REST day (both p < 0.05). The duration of hyperglycemia (BG > 10 mmol/L) on the ST-EX day was significantly shorter than that on the REST day (p < 0.05). Repeated 3-min ST-EX after each meal might be an effective strategy to improve 24-hour glucose excursions in people with T2D.
{"title":"Stair climbing–descending exercise following meals improves 24-hour glucose excursions in people with type 2 diabetes","authors":"Hiroto Honda, M. Igaki, M. Komatsu, S. Tanaka, T. Takaishi, Tatsuya Hayashi","doi":"10.7600/JPFSM.10.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7600/JPFSM.10.51","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed at evaluating the effect of short-duration stair climbing–descending exercise (ST-EX) on 24-hour blood glucose (BG) response in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Seven men (age, 70.1 ± 1.3 years) with uncomplicated T2D consumed three meals per day according to a meal plan for patients with diabetes. Participants completed one session of ST-EX 60 and 120 min after each meal on the first day (ST-EX day), and did not perform STEX on the following day (REST day). Each ST-EX session comprised two 3-min bouts of brisk climbing to the second floor, followed by walking down to the first floor. The BG levels on the experimental days were recorded using a continuous glucose monitoring device. The mean BG level and the area under the curve for BG in the 24-hour period on the ST-EX day were significantly lower than those in the same period on the REST day (both p < 0.05). The duration of hyperglycemia (BG > 10 mmol/L) on the ST-EX day was significantly shorter than that on the REST day (p < 0.05). Repeated 3-min ST-EX after each meal might be an effective strategy to improve 24-hour glucose excursions in people with T2D.","PeriodicalId":55847,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47024724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：