Aim. To determine the tendencies in the changes in air temperature and their influence on the productivity of crops during the vegetative cycle periods, especially in soil-climatic zones of Ukraine for the 1981–2010 climate normals period. Methods. The analytical and synthetic, statistical, climatic methods, simulation (model of V.P. Dmitrenko “Weather-yield” (Dmitrenko VP et al, 2017, 2010), used to forecast the productivity of grains in the Ukrainian Hy- drometeorological Center since 1970), abstract-logical method. Results. The rising air temperatures were determined throughout the whole vegetative period of growing corn and spring barley over the period of 1981–2010. It was found that this rise in different phases of crop development was of different magnitude and relevance in all regions and soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. The reliable changes in the surface air temperature were noted in the phases of the third leaf, panicle emergence, and blossoming of corn in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and especially Steppe (0.7– 0.8 °С/10 years, 0.8–0.9 °С/10 years and 0.9–1.1 °С/10 years, respectively). During the pre-sowing period, the periods of corn sowing and seedlings, the velocity of changes was twice lower in the whole territory of the country, and during the pe- riods of milky ripeness and middle dough – in the eastern Forest-Steppe and dry Steppe, amounting to 0.4–0.5 °С/10 years. A considerable rise in the temperature during the period of the third leaf, panicle emergence, and blossoming promoted the decrease in the influence of temperature during these phases of crop development, especially in the Steppe (up to 10–15 % in 10 years). Only the rise in the temperature during the pre-sowing period promoted the 3–6 % increase in the whole terri- tory of the country, and during the periods of milky ripeness and middle dough of corn – up to 8 % in 10 years in the Forest- Steppe and Steppe. Generally, the thermal conditions for corn cultivation deteriorated considerably but remained favorable in Polissia, satisfactory – in the Forest-Steppe and northern Steppe, and unsatisfactory – in the south, in the dry Steppe. The most intense changes in the air temperature during the vegetation period of spring barley were noted in the phase of milky ripeness and middle dough in all soil-climatic zones, amounting to 0.8–1.1 °С/10 years. During the sowing period, the phases of the third leaf, stem elongation, and ear formation, they were 0.6–0.7 °С/10 years, and during the pre-sowing period – 0.3– 0.4 °С/10 years. During the spring barley tillering phase, the change in the air temperature was insignificant in the whole territory of the country. A considerable increase in the air temperature was unfavorable for crop cultivation in all the soil- climatic zones of Ukraine during the vegetative cycle of spring barley, especially during the phases of milky ripeness and middle dough, and promoted the decrease in its productivity in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe by 5
目标确定1981–2010年气候正常期内，特别是乌克兰土壤气候区的气温变化趋势及其对作物生产力的影响。方法。分析和综合、统计、气候方法、模拟（V.P.Dmitrenko“天气产量”模型（Dmitrenko-VP et al，20172010），自1970年以来用于预测乌克兰水文中心的粮食生产力），抽象逻辑方法。后果1981年至2010年期间，在玉米和春大麦的整个营养期内，气温都在上升。研究发现，在乌克兰的所有地区和土壤气候区，这种在作物发展的不同阶段的增长具有不同的幅度和相关性。在Polisia、森林草原，尤其是草原（分别为0.7–0.8°С/10、0.8–0.9°С/10和0.9–1.1°С/10年）的玉米第三叶、穗部出苗和开花阶段，地表气温发生了可靠的变化。在播种前、播种期和幼苗期，全国范围内的变化速度低两倍，在乳熟期和中熟期，东部森林草原和干燥草原的变化速度为0.4–0.5°C/10年。在第三片叶子、圆锥花序出现和开花期间，温度的显著升高促进了作物发育的这些阶段温度的影响的降低，尤其是在草原（10年内高达10-15%）。只有播种前温度的升高才促进了该国整个地区3-6%的增长，在玉米乳熟期和中间面团期，在森林草原和大草原，10年内最高可达8%。总体而言，玉米种植的热条件显著恶化，但在波利斯仍然有利，在森林草原和北部草原令人满意，在南部干旱草原令人不满意。在所有土壤气候区，春大麦植被期的气温变化最为剧烈，发生在乳绿质和中间面团阶段，达0.8–1.1°С/10年。在播种期，第三叶、茎伸长和穗形成期为0.6–0.7°С/10年，在播种前为0.3–0.4°С/10年间。在春大麦分蘖期，全国气温变化不大。在春大麦的营养周期期间，特别是在乳白色成熟期和中等面团期，气温的显著升高不利于乌克兰所有土壤气候区的作物种植，并在10年内促使其在波利斯西亚、森林草原和草原的生产力分别下降5%、7.5%和10%。总的来说，气温的升高对春大麦栽培热条件的恶化起到了调节作用，但在Polisia和Forest Steppe，在播种前和营养周期，它们仍然是有利的或令人满意的。
{"title":"Influence of changes in air temperature on crop productivity formation in Ukraine at the turn of XX–XXI centuries (1981–2010)","authors":"V. Balabukh, O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, V. Velychko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.071","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the tendencies in the changes in air temperature and their influence on the productivity of crops\u0000during the vegetative cycle periods, especially in soil-climatic zones of Ukraine for the 1981–2010 climate normals\u0000period. Methods. The analytical and synthetic, statistical, climatic methods, simulation (model of V.P. Dmitrenko\u0000“Weather-yield” (Dmitrenko VP et al, 2017, 2010), used to forecast the productivity of grains in the Ukrainian Hy-\u0000drometeorological Center since 1970), abstract-logical method. Results. The rising air temperatures were determined\u0000throughout the whole vegetative period of growing corn and spring barley over the period of 1981–2010. It was\u0000found that this rise in different phases of crop development was of different magnitude and relevance in all regions\u0000and soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. The reliable changes in the surface air temperature were noted in the phases of\u0000the third leaf, panicle emergence, and blossoming of corn in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and especially Steppe (0.7–\u00000.8 °С/10 years, 0.8–0.9 °С/10 years and 0.9–1.1 °С/10 years, respectively). During the pre-sowing period, the periods of\u0000corn sowing and seedlings, the velocity of changes was twice lower in the whole territory of the country, and during the pe-\u0000riods of milky ripeness and middle dough – in the eastern Forest-Steppe and dry Steppe, amounting to 0.4–0.5 °С/10 years.\u0000A considerable rise in the temperature during the period of the third leaf, panicle emergence, and blossoming promoted the\u0000decrease in the influence of temperature during these phases of crop development, especially in the Steppe (up to 10–15 %\u0000in 10 years). Only the rise in the temperature during the pre-sowing period promoted the 3–6 % increase in the whole terri-\u0000tory of the country, and during the periods of milky ripeness and middle dough of corn – up to 8 % in 10 years in the Forest-\u0000Steppe and Steppe. Generally, the thermal conditions for corn cultivation deteriorated considerably but remained favorable\u0000in Polissia, satisfactory – in the Forest-Steppe and northern Steppe, and unsatisfactory – in the south, in the dry Steppe. The\u0000most intense changes in the air temperature during the vegetation period of spring barley were noted in the phase of milky\u0000ripeness and middle dough in all soil-climatic zones, amounting to 0.8–1.1 °С/10 years. During the sowing period, the phases\u0000of the third leaf, stem elongation, and ear formation, they were 0.6–0.7 °С/10 years, and during the pre-sowing period – 0.3–\u00000.4 °С/10 years. During the spring barley tillering phase, the change in the air temperature was insignificant in the whole\u0000territory of the country. A considerable increase in the air temperature was unfavorable for crop cultivation in all the soil-\u0000climatic zones of Ukraine during the vegetative cycle of spring barley, especially during the phases of milky ripeness and\u0000middle dough, and promoted the decrease in its productivity in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe by 5","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42860343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The aim of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for African swine fever virus (ASFV) detection. Methods. Primer design was performed using publicly available full genome sequences of ASFV. A panel of heterologous DNA samples and reference ASFV DNA samples were used for the assay specificity testing. The limit of detection (LOD) was assessed using purified and quantified serial dilution of the amplified target sequence. LAMP product detection was performed via gel-electrophoresis and via ethidium bromide fluorescence under UV after adding the ethidium bromide directly to the tube with the LAMP product. Results. Three primer sets amplifying different regions of ASFV gene C962R were developed, of which the set № 2 providing the most intense product synthesis with the most vivid and clear pattern was selected for further studies. The optimal concentration of reaction mix components for the most effective primer set was established. In the final protocol the LAMP reaction was carried out at 60 °C for 40 min. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 50 copies of the target sequence per reaction. In a preliminary testing the assay proved specific, using 10 reference and 4 heterologous viral and two bacterial DNA samples. Our LAMP assay detected ASFV genotypes I and II that are currently spread in Europe, Asia, and the Pacific and IX, occurring in Africa. Conclusion. A LAMP assay was developed based on the C962R gene that proved in preliminary validation to be specific and sensitive and was able to detect down to 50 copies per reaction of purified target gene within 40 minutes. Classical gel electrophoresis and direct staining using ethidium bromide were used for product visualisation in this study. Colorimetric approaches or the use of lateral flow devices in the visuali- sation step could make the assay less equipment dependent. Further validation of the assay, determining analytical specificity, selectivity and reproducibility performance characteristics also using clinical samples under field condi- tions and inclusion of an internal control would possibly enable its use as a test of choice at point-of-care and at low resource laboratories.
{"title":"Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the C962R gene for african swine fever virus detection","authors":"M. Kit, J. Schwarz, A. Gerilovych","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for African swine\u0000fever virus (ASFV) detection. Methods. Primer design was performed using publicly available full genome sequences\u0000of ASFV. A panel of heterologous DNA samples and reference ASFV DNA samples were used for the assay specificity\u0000testing. The limit of detection (LOD) was assessed using purified and quantified serial dilution of the amplified target\u0000sequence. LAMP product detection was performed via gel-electrophoresis and via ethidium bromide fluorescence\u0000under UV after adding the ethidium bromide directly to the tube with the LAMP product. Results. Three primer sets\u0000amplifying different regions of ASFV gene C962R were developed, of which the set № 2 providing the most intense\u0000product synthesis with the most vivid and clear pattern was selected for further studies. The optimal concentration of\u0000reaction mix components for the most effective primer set was established. In the final protocol the LAMP reaction\u0000was carried out at 60 °C for 40 min. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 50 copies of the target sequence\u0000per reaction. In a preliminary testing the assay proved specific, using 10 reference and 4 heterologous viral and two\u0000bacterial DNA samples. Our LAMP assay detected ASFV genotypes I and II that are currently spread in Europe, Asia,\u0000and the Pacific and IX, occurring in Africa. Conclusion. A LAMP assay was developed based on the C962R gene that\u0000proved in preliminary validation to be specific and sensitive and was able to detect down to 50 copies per reaction of\u0000purified target gene within 40 minutes. Classical gel electrophoresis and direct staining using ethidium bromide were\u0000used for product visualisation in this study. Colorimetric approaches or the use of lateral flow devices in the visuali-\u0000sation step could make the assay less equipment dependent. Further validation of the assay, determining analytical\u0000specificity, selectivity and reproducibility performance characteristics also using clinical samples under field condi-\u0000tions and inclusion of an internal control would possibly enable its use as a test of choice at point-of-care and at low\u0000resource laboratories.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48944507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shelyov, K. Kopylov, Y. Vdovychenko, S. Kramarenko, O. Kramarenko
Aim. Our work was aimed at investigating the specificities in the formation of the genetic structure of populations depending on the productivity direction of cattle, bred in Ukraine, using single locus DNA fragments, and studying the impact of the parental form on genetic polymorphism of modern intensive specialized breeds as a factor. Methods. The following methods were used in the work: veterinary methods (peripheral blood sampling); molecular-genetic meth- ods (the isolation and genotyping of DNA samples of dairy (83 animals), meat (192 animals) and aboriginal (43 ani- mals) cattle, bred in Ukraine, were performed by 10 microsatellite loci from the list, recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG); the complex of statistics methods was used for mathematic-statistical analysis, using modern software. Results. The analysis by 10 microsatellite loci demonstrated the specificities of genetic dif- ferentiation and the similarities between the investigated cattle populations, bred in Ukraine. Our results provide new information about the impact of artificial selection factors on single locus DNA fragments under the specialization of cattle breeds. The impact of the factor of ancestral form on the genetic structure was determined and confirmed by the same polymorphism spectra of the investigated DNA fragments in the maternal and derivative breeds. Another con- firmation was found in the differences, observed in animals of different productivity directions, which are a probable result of the breed-forming process, demonstrated by the results of the mathematic calculations of the data obtained. It was shown that microsatellite DNA loci are highly informative markers of genetic processes, occurring in domestic cattle populations. Conclusions. The specificities in the formation of the genetic structure of populations depending on the productivity direction of animals were determined. The impact of the parental form on genetic polymorphism of modern intensive specialized breeds was noted. It was found that among 10 microsatellite loci, used by us, there were loci in each group of animals, regarding which the hypothesis about their neutrality was reliably rejected accord- ing to the results of Ewens-Watterson test: for dairy cattle (INRA023, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10 and SPS115), for meat cattle (TGLA122 and ETH225), and for aboriginal cattle (TGLA126, INRA023 and TGLA227). We determined a high level of genetic diversity, remarkable for each investigated cattle population, bred in Ukraine, and general tendencies of differentiation in the selected populations depending on the targeted breeding work, on the level of polymorphism of microsatellite DNA loci (Friedman’s test: P < 0.01), and a similar genetic picture for a number of loci of investigated DNA fragments, which may be related to the history of creating these breeds.
{"title":"Formation of the genetic structure of cattle populations by single locus DNA fragments depending on their productivity direction and origin","authors":"A. Shelyov, K. Kopylov, Y. Vdovychenko, S. Kramarenko, O. Kramarenko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Our work was aimed at investigating the specificities in the formation of the genetic structure of populations\u0000depending on the productivity direction of cattle, bred in Ukraine, using single locus DNA fragments, and studying the\u0000impact of the parental form on genetic polymorphism of modern intensive specialized breeds as a factor. Methods. The\u0000following methods were used in the work: veterinary methods (peripheral blood sampling); molecular-genetic meth-\u0000ods (the isolation and genotyping of DNA samples of dairy (83 animals), meat (192 animals) and aboriginal (43 ani-\u0000mals) cattle, bred in Ukraine, were performed by 10 microsatellite loci from the list, recommended by the International\u0000Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG); the complex of statistics methods was used for mathematic-statistical analysis,\u0000using modern software. Results. The analysis by 10 microsatellite loci demonstrated the specificities of genetic dif-\u0000ferentiation and the similarities between the investigated cattle populations, bred in Ukraine. Our results provide new\u0000information about the impact of artificial selection factors on single locus DNA fragments under the specialization of\u0000cattle breeds. The impact of the factor of ancestral form on the genetic structure was determined and confirmed by the\u0000same polymorphism spectra of the investigated DNA fragments in the maternal and derivative breeds. Another con-\u0000firmation was found in the differences, observed in animals of different productivity directions, which are a probable\u0000result of the breed-forming process, demonstrated by the results of the mathematic calculations of the data obtained.\u0000It was shown that microsatellite DNA loci are highly informative markers of genetic processes, occurring in domestic\u0000cattle populations. Conclusions. The specificities in the formation of the genetic structure of populations depending\u0000on the productivity direction of animals were determined. The impact of the parental form on genetic polymorphism\u0000of modern intensive specialized breeds was noted. It was found that among 10 microsatellite loci, used by us, there\u0000were loci in each group of animals, regarding which the hypothesis about their neutrality was reliably rejected accord-\u0000ing to the results of Ewens-Watterson test: for dairy cattle (INRA023, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824, BM2113, ETH10 and\u0000SPS115), for meat cattle (TGLA122 and ETH225), and for aboriginal cattle (TGLA126, INRA023 and TGLA227). We\u0000determined a high level of genetic diversity, remarkable for each investigated cattle population, bred in Ukraine, and\u0000general tendencies of differentiation in the selected populations depending on the targeted breeding work, on the level\u0000of polymorphism of microsatellite DNA loci (Friedman’s test: P < 0.01), and a similar genetic picture for a number of\u0000loci of investigated DNA fragments, which may be related to the history of creating these breeds.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Radchenko, I. Ponomareva, I. Pozynych, Y. Morderer
When herbicides are combined under natural conditions or applied in stress conditions (drought, for instance), the efficiency of their action may decrease which results in considerable yield losses. The reason thereto is that another herbicide or stressor can trigger the adaptation mechanism in weed plants, and they survive, resulting in weed infestation. In particular, it applies to such herbicides as acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitors or so- called graminicides, which are effective only for grass weeds control. The efficiency of this groups of herbi- cides is heavily dependent on the environment and often decreases when combined with herbicides, efficient against dicotyledon weeds. It turns out that this occurs due to the fact their final phytotoxicity is not determined at the level of the site of action (herbicide target) but depends on the stage of herbicide-induced pathogenesis – processes, occurring due to the interaction between the herbicide and its site of action. The stress response of the weeds may make its contribution into herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Plants are known to respond to the action of various abiotic stressors in the form of non-specific stress response and depending on the intensity and duration of the stressor’s action, a plant either adapts or dies. At present there are sufficient data, demonstrating that programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce PCD in specific classes of herbicides. The participation of ROS and PCD in herbicide-induced pathogenesis allows for targeted effects on the phytotoxic action of herbicides, for instance, via combined application of herbicides with possible PCD inducers and prooxidants. The confirmation of the role of non- specific response in the development of phytotoxic action of herbicides is found in the phenomena of cross- adaptation (activation of antioxidant defense) and cross-synergism (activation of oxidative stress) under the application of herbicides. Based on our own research and literature data, the importance of cross-adaptation and cross-synergism in applying herbicides in drought conditions and to determine the nature of the interac- tion in herbicide complexes is discussed. In particular, the review discusses the reduction of phytotoxicity of the ACCase herbicides due to the phenomenon of cross-adaptation in drought conditions and in combination with herbicides, which are acetolactate synthase inhibitors. The results of investigations were presented about the reduction of antagonism in the mixtures of herbicides, which are ACCase and ALS inhibitors, because of the use of substances with prooxidant properties, as well as the inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. On the other hand, we analyzed the possibility of increasing the phytotoxic effect of herbicides, ACCase inhibitors, in combination with herbicides with prooxidant properties – inhibitors of electron transport in Photosystem
{"title":"Stress and use of herbicides in field crops","authors":"M. Radchenko, I. Ponomareva, I. Pozynych, Y. Morderer","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.03.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.03.050","url":null,"abstract":"When herbicides are combined under natural conditions or applied in stress conditions (drought, for instance),\u0000the efficiency of their action may decrease which results in considerable yield losses. The reason thereto is that\u0000another herbicide or stressor can trigger the adaptation mechanism in weed plants, and they survive, resulting\u0000in weed infestation. In particular, it applies to such herbicides as acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitors or so-\u0000called graminicides, which are effective only for grass weeds control. The efficiency of this groups of herbi-\u0000cides is heavily dependent on the environment and often decreases when combined with herbicides, efficient\u0000against dicotyledon weeds. It turns out that this occurs due to the fact their final phytotoxicity is not determined\u0000at the level of the site of action (herbicide target) but depends on the stage of herbicide-induced pathogenesis –\u0000processes, occurring due to the interaction between the herbicide and its site of action. The stress response of\u0000the weeds may make its contribution into herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Plants are known to respond to the\u0000action of various abiotic stressors in the form of non-specific stress response and depending on the intensity and\u0000duration of the stressor’s action, a plant either adapts or dies. At present there are sufficient data, demonstrating\u0000that programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the herbicide-induced pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species\u0000(ROS) induce PCD in specific classes of herbicides. The participation of ROS and PCD in herbicide-induced\u0000pathogenesis allows for targeted effects on the phytotoxic action of herbicides, for instance, via combined\u0000application of herbicides with possible PCD inducers and prooxidants. The confirmation of the role of non-\u0000specific response in the development of phytotoxic action of herbicides is found in the phenomena of cross-\u0000adaptation (activation of antioxidant defense) and cross-synergism (activation of oxidative stress) under the\u0000application of herbicides. Based on our own research and literature data, the importance of cross-adaptation\u0000and cross-synergism in applying herbicides in drought conditions and to determine the nature of the interac-\u0000tion in herbicide complexes is discussed. In particular, the review discusses the reduction of phytotoxicity of\u0000the ACCase herbicides due to the phenomenon of cross-adaptation in drought conditions and in combination\u0000with herbicides, which are acetolactate synthase inhibitors. The results of investigations were presented about\u0000the reduction of antagonism in the mixtures of herbicides, which are ACCase and ALS inhibitors, because of\u0000the use of substances with prooxidant properties, as well as the inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide\u0000dismutase. On the other hand, we analyzed the possibility of increasing the phytotoxic effect of herbicides,\u0000ACCase inhibitors, in combination with herbicides with prooxidant properties – inhibitors of electron transport\u0000in Photosystem ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42018152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To isolate, identify, and evaluate in vitro the predacious ability of nematophagous fungi strains, to determine their eligibility for mass production under submerged cultivation; to select the most efficient isolates of predacious nematopha- gous fungi as promising producers of the biopreparation to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Methods. Microbiological, microscopical, cultural-morphological, statistical. Results. The screening to determine the presence of predacious nema- tophagous fungi in different soils from different regions has been conducted for the first time in Ukraine. Out of 75 soil samples, isolated in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Volyn and Odesa regions, 88 isolates of predacious nematophagous fungi were obtained which belong to 11 genera by their cultural-morphological characteristics: Arthrobotrys oligospo- ra – 39 isolates, A. musiformis – 25, A. conoides – 11, Drechslerella dactyloides – 3, A. artrobotryoides –2, A. superba – 2, A. megalospora – 2, A. sphaeroides –1, A. flagrans – 1, A. amerospora – 1, A. thaumasia – 1. High nematophagous activity in vitro (90–100 % trapping) regarding free-living nematodes (Rhabditis spp). was demonstrated by 4 isolates of A. oligospora, 18 isolates of A. musiformis, 5 isolates of A. conoides, 3 isolates of D. dactyloides, and one isolate of A. megalospora. Among the 47 most active isolates, 4 isolates of predacious fungi formed chlamydospores under submerged cultivation on two types of liquid media – wort medium and corn-molasses medium: A. musiformis-711, A. musiformis-911, A. conoides-90, D. dactyloides-19. It was found that isolate A. musiformis-911 and A. conoides-90 could form conidia in the submerged culture. Further experiments in determining the character of development for two latter isolates in different types of media under submerged cultivation established that the largest number of chlamydo- spores and conidia were formed by the isolates of A. conoides 90 and A. musiformis 911 on potato dextrose medium, 7.6·105 and 6.5·105 spores/ml respectively. In the wort medium, the productivity of spore formation for the isolate of A. conoides 90 was 35 times lower, amounting to 2.2·104 spores/ml, and in peptone-glucose medium – 90 times lower (8.5·103 spores/ml). The isolate of A. musiformis 911 in the wort medium produced 325 times fewer spores (2.0× ×103 spores/ml) than in potato-dextrose medium, while no chlamydospores and conidia were formed in the peptone- glucose medium. More detailed study of the ratio between isolates-producers and different sources of nutrition as the basis for the optimization of liquid media is required. Conclusions. According to the results of determining nematoph- agous activity regarding free-living nematodes, isolated from different soils in Ukraine and evaluating the character of development under submerged cultivation, two isolates of predacious fungi were selected – Arthrobotrys conoides-90 and A. musiformis-911, which are promising producers o
{"title":"In vitro screening of new strains of predacious nematophagous fungi for biocontrol suitability when produced in liquid culture","authors":"H. Tkalenko, Ya.M. Gadzalo, O. Borzykh, S. Horal","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To isolate, identify, and evaluate in vitro the predacious ability of nematophagous fungi strains, to determine their\u0000eligibility for mass production under submerged cultivation; to select the most efficient isolates of predacious nematopha-\u0000gous fungi as promising producers of the biopreparation to control plant-parasitic nematodes. Methods. Microbiological,\u0000microscopical, cultural-morphological, statistical. Results. The screening to determine the presence of predacious nema-\u0000tophagous fungi in different soils from different regions has been conducted for the first time in Ukraine. Out of 75 soil\u0000samples, isolated in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Volyn and Odesa regions, 88 isolates of predacious nematophagous\u0000fungi were obtained which belong to 11 genera by their cultural-morphological characteristics: Arthrobotrys oligospo-\u0000ra – 39 isolates, A. musiformis – 25, A. conoides – 11, Drechslerella dactyloides – 3, A. artrobotryoides –2, A. superba –\u00002, A. megalospora – 2, A. sphaeroides –1, A. flagrans – 1, A. amerospora – 1, A. thaumasia – 1. High nematophagous\u0000activity in vitro (90–100 % trapping) regarding free-living nematodes (Rhabditis spp). was demonstrated by 4 isolates\u0000of A. oligospora, 18 isolates of A. musiformis, 5 isolates of A. conoides, 3 isolates of D. dactyloides, and one isolate\u0000of A. megalospora. Among the 47 most active isolates, 4 isolates of predacious fungi formed chlamydospores under\u0000submerged cultivation on two types of liquid media – wort medium and corn-molasses medium: A. musiformis-711,\u0000A. musiformis-911, A. conoides-90, D. dactyloides-19. It was found that isolate A. musiformis-911 and A. conoides-90\u0000could form conidia in the submerged culture. Further experiments in determining the character of development for two\u0000latter isolates in different types of media under submerged cultivation established that the largest number of chlamydo-\u0000spores and conidia were formed by the isolates of A. conoides 90 and A. musiformis 911 on potato dextrose medium,\u00007.6·105 and 6.5·105 spores/ml respectively. In the wort medium, the productivity of spore formation for the isolate of\u0000A. conoides 90 was 35 times lower, amounting to 2.2·104 spores/ml, and in peptone-glucose medium – 90 times lower\u0000(8.5·103 spores/ml). The isolate of A. musiformis 911 in the wort medium produced 325 times fewer spores (2.0×\u0000×103 spores/ml) than in potato-dextrose medium, while no chlamydospores and conidia were formed in the peptone-\u0000glucose medium. More detailed study of the ratio between isolates-producers and different sources of nutrition as the\u0000basis for the optimization of liquid media is required. Conclusions. According to the results of determining nematoph-\u0000agous activity regarding free-living nematodes, isolated from different soils in Ukraine and evaluating the character of\u0000development under submerged cultivation, two isolates of predacious fungi were selected – Arthrobotrys conoides-90\u0000and A. musiformis-911, which are promising producers o","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vecherska, V. Liubych, L. Relina, O. Golik, V. Suchkova, R. Bohuslavskyi
Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (
{"title":"Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum shrank.) of groats use","authors":"L. Vecherska, V. Liubych, L. Relina, O. Golik, V. Suchkova, R. Bohuslavskyi","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percent- ages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the significance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of vari- ance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check em- mer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respec- tively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi- ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi- cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l, pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro- matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat- ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here, the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes, but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and 196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor- bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on the early stages of determining le
{"title":"Realization of protective and symbiotic properties of soybeans using fungicide seed treatment","authors":"T. Mamenko, S. Kots, V. Patyka","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The elaboration of efficient legume-rhizobial symbiosis systems, involving active strains of nodule bacteria, in the\u0000combination with fungicide seed treatment may be an alternative method of providing ecologically friendly nitrogen sources\u0000to plants and promoting their tolerance to the external factors, which is relevant for preservation and restoration of envi-\u0000ronmental quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of pre-sowing seed treatment with fungi-\u0000cides, which differ in the action spectrum of active substances – Standak Top (fipronil, 250 g/l, thiophanate-methyl, 225 g/l,\u0000pyraclostrobin, 25 g/l) and Maxim XL (fludioxonyl, 25 g/l, metalaxyl, 10 g/l), on the intensity of the development of lipid\u0000peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase and nitrogen fixation activity in soybeans on\u0000the early stages of forming legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Methods. Microbiological (cultivation of a bacterial culture, seed\u0000inoculation), physiological (vegetative experiment), biochemical (spectrophotometric determination of the content of lipid\u0000peroxidation products and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase; measuring the nitrogen-fixation activity using a gas chro-\u0000matography). Results. It was found that pre-sowing fungicide treatment of soybean seeds and subsequent inoculation with\u0000active rhizobia of strain 634b did not result in the change in the content of TBA-active products in roots and root nodules (the\u0000values of indices were within the experiment deviation). At the same time, after seed inoculation using rhizobia and treat-\u0000ment with Maxim XL, there was an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase in the roots from 20.3 to 30.8 %, and with\u0000Standak Top – from 20.0 to 29.8 % during the early stages of ontogenesis till the formation of the third ternate leaf. Here,\u0000the activity of the enzyme in root nodules increased by 24.7–40.3 % at the fungicidal effect. Our data demonstrate that the\u0000combination of fungicide seed treatment and inoculation with active rhizobia does not induce lipid peroxidation processes,\u0000but promotes the initiation of protective antioxidant properties in soybeans. It is accompanied with efficient functioning of\u0000the symbiotic apparatus, which is manifested in the increase in nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria, formed by active\u0000rhizobia of strain 634b after the seed treatment with Standak Top – by 98.3 and 78.1 % and after Maxim XL – by 78.6 and\u0000196.2 % respectively, during the stages of the second and third ternate leaves. Conclusions. The pre-sowing soybean seed\u0000treatment with fungicides Standak Top and Maxim XL and the subsequent inoculation with active rhizobia of strain 634b\u0000does not induce the development of lipid peroxidation processes, but increases the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, ascor-\u0000bate peroxidase, in the roots and root nodules, which is accompanied with the efficient work of the symbiotic apparatus on\u0000the early stages of determining le","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Rudova, O. Lymanska, B. Stegniy, V. Bolotin, O. Solodiankin, A. Gerilovych
To date, there is no information regarding the occurrence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) in pigs in Ukraine. Aim. The aim of this work was to study the probable occurrence of the little-studied PCV-3 in pigs with different health status in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Methods. Blood, semen, liver, spleen, lung samples and nasal swabs of sows and boars of different ages and with different health status, belonging to farms from Dnipro, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, were used for the study. PCV-3 genomic material was detected by the standard polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, flanking a fragment of the rep gene of the virus with the length of 418 bp. To visualize the amplicons, horizontal gel electrophoresis was used and ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis, followed by photographing the gels using Image Lab 5.2.1 software. Results. DNA of PCV-3 was found in two liver samples and four nasal swabs in two different farms, obtained from clinically healthy pigs, which suggests the possibility of the circulation of this infectious agent at the subclinical level of infection at the farm under investigation. No PCV-3 coinfection with the causative agents of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, and mycoplasmas was found at this farm. Conclusions. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) – (a little-studied causative agent of swine disease) was detected in 6 out of 61 samples, originating from two farms in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, obtained from clinically healthy animals) for the first time in Ukraine. This indicates possible circulation of the pathogen among pig farms in Ukraine and demonstrates the need to create and implement a target risk analysis, an extensive survey, as well as to develop control measures of the disease spreading (both organizational and technical preventive). Molecular genetic surveying and subsequent monitoring of PCV-3 among domestic and wild animals, which can cross the borders, will give a possibility to determine the risks of its spreading and related economic and epidemiological consequences. The whole-genome DNA sequencing of the detected virus isolates is planned to determine the relation of Ukrainian strains of the virus to other strains circulating in Europe and other parts of the world. Better understanding the risks, epidemiology and pathology, associated with this new virus for the Ukrainian pig breeding industry, will help to prevent and control its further spread and harmful effects.
{"title":"First detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in Ukraine","authors":"N. Rudova, O. Lymanska, B. Stegniy, V. Bolotin, O. Solodiankin, A. Gerilovych","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is no information regarding the occurrence of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) in pigs in Ukraine.\u0000Aim. The aim of this work was to study the probable occurrence of the little-studied PCV-3 in pigs with different\u0000health status in Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine. Methods. Blood, semen, liver,\u0000spleen, lung samples and nasal swabs of sows and boars of different ages and with different health status, belonging\u0000to farms from Dnipro, Donetsk, Kyiv, and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, were used for the study. PCV-3 genomic\u0000material was detected by the standard polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, flanking a fragment of the\u0000rep gene of the virus with the length of 418 bp. To visualize the amplicons, horizontal gel electrophoresis was used\u0000and ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis, followed by photographing the gels using Image Lab 5.2.1\u0000software. Results. DNA of PCV-3 was found in two liver samples and four nasal swabs in two different farms,\u0000obtained from clinically healthy pigs, which suggests the possibility of the circulation of this infectious agent at the\u0000subclinical level of infection at the farm under investigation. No PCV-3 coinfection with the causative agents of\u0000porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Aujeszky’s disease, PCV-2, and mycoplasmas was found at\u0000this farm. Conclusions. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) – (a little-studied causative agent of swine disease) was\u0000detected in 6 out of 61 samples, originating from two farms in the Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, obtained from clinically\u0000healthy animals) for the first time in Ukraine. This indicates possible circulation of the pathogen among pig farms in\u0000Ukraine and demonstrates the need to create and implement a target risk analysis, an extensive survey, as well as to\u0000develop control measures of the disease spreading (both organizational and technical preventive). Molecular genetic\u0000surveying and subsequent monitoring of PCV-3 among domestic and wild animals, which can cross the borders, will\u0000give a possibility to determine the risks of its spreading and related economic and epidemiological consequences.\u0000The whole-genome DNA sequencing of the detected virus isolates is planned to determine the relation of Ukrainian\u0000strains of the virus to other strains circulating in Europe and other parts of the world. Better understanding the risks,\u0000epidemiology and pathology, associated with this new virus for the Ukrainian pig breeding industry, will help to\u0000prevent and control its further spread and harmful effects.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43437656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zelya, L. Janse, J. Janse, S. Ghoghoberidze, G. Zelya, R. Korduleand, Z. Sikharulidze
Aim. To determine the occurrence and persistence of Synchytrium endobioticum, resting spore contamination in a small survey of (known infested) potato plots in Ukraine and Georgia; to compare the detection efficiency for resting spores (winter sporangia) of S. endobioticum using an extraction method, routinely applied in Ukraine, based on the use of sodium iodide (NaI) and an extraction method largely based on EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2) (2017), using kaolin and calcium chloride (CaCl2) for extraction. Methods. The examination of fields, aimed at detecting of S. endobioticum in 22 infested plots in Georgia, was conducted following the standard European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) phytosanitary procedure PM 3/59(3) (2017), and in Ukraine in 11 plots according to the Ukrainian Standard ‘Methodological recommendations on sampling during quarantine inspection and evaluation’ (Omeluta V P et al, 1996). Resting spores were extracted using kaolin and CaCl2 (following largely EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2) 2017), and floatation in a solution of NaI (Zelya et al, 2005), respectively. The content of soil organic matter (SOM), collected in potato wart infested plots in Ukraine and Georgia, was determined according to the ‘Method of laboratory determination of the content of organic matter’, largely following the method of Tyurin to determine total soil organic carbon (Jankauskas B et al, 2006). The persistence or decline of potato wart in infested plots was evaluated, based on our own observations and the data of the national phytosanitary services (https://dpss.gov.ua; http://agr.georgia.gov). The results of the study were subjected to statistical analysis, using Statistica 5 software. Results. It was found that under a low up to high level of organic matter in soil samples (2.0–2.7 and 3.1–3.9 %, respectively) and a moderate to high level of inoculum in soil (3–15 up to 41–65 resting spores/g soil, respectively) there were no significant differences in the efficiency of two extraction methods under consideration: the floatation in a solution of NaI and the application of kaolin and CaCl2. However, at a low number of resting spores present in soil (1–2 resting spores/g soil), the efficiency of the method using NaI decreased statistically significant by 20–30 % as opposed to the method using kaolin/CaCl2. A relatively high level of soil contamination with resting spores was found in 11 investigated plots of 4 Ukrainian regions: 41–46 resting spores/g soil in the Ivano-Frankivsk Region, 49 in the Lviv Region, 40–65 in the Zakarpattia and 52–65 Chernivtsi Regions. The majority of the 22 investigated Georgian plots showed a low inoculum level (1–7 resting spores/g soil) and only in one village their level amounted to 15 resting spores/g soil (Uchguli village, Mestia municipality). Conclusions. The method applying sodium iodide was found to be comparable to the method applying kaolin and CaCl2 under conditions of moderate to high inoculum levels (15–65 resting
的目标。在乌克兰和格鲁吉亚进行的一项小型调查中，确定内生合壶菌(Synchytrium endobioticum)静止孢子污染的发生和持续时间;比较乌克兰常规应用的一种基于碘化钠(NaI)的提取方法和一种主要基于EPPO标准pm 7/28(2)(2017)的提取方法，使用高岭土和氯化钙(CaCl2)进行提取，对内生葡萄球菌(S. endobioticum)静止孢子(冬季孢子囊)的检测效率。方法。检查领域旨在检测格鲁吉亚22个受感染地块的内生葡萄球菌，按照欧洲植物保护组织(EPPO)植物检疫标准程序PM 3/59(3)(2017)进行，并根据乌克兰标准“检疫检查和评估期间抽样的方法学建议”(Omeluta V P et al, 1996)在乌克兰的11个地块进行。静息孢子分别用高岭土和CaCl2(主要遵循EPPO标准PM 7/28(2) 2017)提取，并在NaI溶液中漂浮(Zelya等，2005)。土壤有机质(SOM)的含量采集于乌克兰和格鲁吉亚的马铃薯疣病区，根据“实验室测定有机质含量的方法”进行测定，主要遵循秋林测定土壤总有机碳的方法(Jankauskas B et al .，2006)。根据我们自己的观察和国家植物检疫部门的数据(https://dpss.gov.ua;http://agr.georgia.gov)。使用Statistica 5软件对研究结果进行统计分析。结果。结果表明，在土壤样品中有机质含量低至高(分别为2.0 ~ 2.7 %和3.1 ~ 3.9%)和土壤中接种量中高(分别为3 ~ 15 ~ 41 ~ 65孢子/g土壤)的条件下，nai溶液浮选法和高岭土和CaCl2的应用在提取效率上无显著差异。然而，当土壤中静止孢子数量较低时(1 - 2个静止孢子/g土壤)，与使用高岭土/CaCl2的方法相比，使用NaI的方法的效率显著降低了20 - 30%。在乌克兰4个地区的11个调查地块中发现了相对较高的土壤污染水平，其中伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克地区为41-46孢子/g土壤，利沃夫地区为49孢子/g土壤，扎卡尔帕蒂亚地区为40-65孢子/g土壤，切尔诺夫茨地区为52-65孢子/g土壤。在格鲁吉亚调查的22个样地中，大多数显示低接种水平(1-7个静止孢子/g土壤)，只有一个村庄的接种水平达到15个静止孢子/g土壤(梅斯蒂亚市的乌奇古利村)。结论。在中~高接种量(15 ~ 65孢子/g土壤)条件下，施用碘化钠的方法与施用高岭土和CaCl2的方法效果相当，但在有机质含量高、接种量极低的条件下(
{"title":"Efficiency of detecting resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart disease) in infested sites of Ukraine and Georgia","authors":"A. Zelya, L. Janse, J. Janse, S. Ghoghoberidze, G. Zelya, R. Korduleand, Z. Sikharulidze","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.02.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.02.036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the occurrence and persistence of Synchytrium endobioticum, resting spore contamination\u0000in a small survey of (known infested) potato plots in Ukraine and Georgia; to compare the detection efficiency\u0000for resting spores (winter sporangia) of S. endobioticum using an extraction method, routinely applied in\u0000Ukraine, based on the use of sodium iodide (NaI) and an extraction method largely based on EPPO Standard\u0000PM 7/28(2) (2017), using kaolin and calcium chloride (CaCl2) for extraction. Methods. The examination of\u0000fields, aimed at detecting of S. endobioticum in 22 infested plots in Georgia, was conducted following the\u0000standard European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) phytosanitary procedure PM 3/59(3) (2017), and in\u0000Ukraine in 11 plots according to the Ukrainian Standard ‘Methodological recommendations on sampling during\u0000quarantine inspection and evaluation’ (Omeluta V P et al, 1996). Resting spores were extracted using kaolin\u0000and CaCl2 (following largely EPPO Standard PM 7/28(2) 2017), and floatation in a solution of NaI (Zelya et al,\u00002005), respectively. The content of soil organic matter (SOM), collected in potato wart infested plots in Ukraine\u0000and Georgia, was determined according to the ‘Method of laboratory determination of the content of organic\u0000matter’, largely following the method of Tyurin to determine total soil organic carbon (Jankauskas B et al,\u00002006). The persistence or decline of potato wart in infested plots was evaluated, based on our own observations\u0000and the data of the national phytosanitary services (https://dpss.gov.ua; http://agr.georgia.gov). The results of\u0000the study were subjected to statistical analysis, using Statistica 5 software. Results. It was found that under a\u0000low up to high level of organic matter in soil samples (2.0–2.7 and 3.1–3.9 %, respectively) and a moderate to\u0000high level of inoculum in soil (3–15 up to 41–65 resting spores/g soil, respectively) there were no significant\u0000differences in the efficiency of two extraction methods under consideration: the floatation in a solution of\u0000NaI and the application of kaolin and CaCl2. However, at a low number of resting spores present in soil (1–2\u0000resting spores/g soil), the efficiency of the method using NaI decreased statistically significant by 20–30 % as\u0000opposed to the method using kaolin/CaCl2. A relatively high level of soil contamination with resting spores\u0000was found in 11 investigated plots of 4 Ukrainian regions: 41–46 resting spores/g soil in the Ivano-Frankivsk\u0000Region, 49 in the Lviv Region, 40–65 in the Zakarpattia and 52–65 Chernivtsi Regions. The majority of the 22\u0000investigated Georgian plots showed a low inoculum level (1–7 resting spores/g soil) and only in one village their\u0000level amounted to 15 resting spores/g soil (Uchguli village, Mestia municipality). Conclusions. The method\u0000applying sodium iodide was found to be comparable to the method applying kaolin and CaCl2 under conditions\u0000of moderate to high inoculum levels (15–65 resting ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41252984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. The purpose of the research, presented in this paper, is to develop (as the first one in Ukraine) hull-less barley breeding material with ultra-low gluten, combining three hordein-deficient mutations, derived from Risø56, Risø1508, and R118, with black grain color as an indication of bioactive pigments content, enhancing the functional status of grain as a food product. Methods. We used electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel, DNA isolation by the CTAB method, polymerase chain reaction with DNA-markers, restriction analysis and electrophoretic separa tion of DNA in agarose gel. Results. The article presents the results of the first stage of combining target hordeindefi cient mutations by binary crosses. The F2/3 and F3/4 populations were derived from binary crosses of Risø56 × Risø1508 (reciprocal Risø1508 × Risø56) and R118 × hull-less barley Achilles. The new PCR protocol was optimized. Markers B1hor, 3a5F and Dhor-m were selected to identify mutations in B, C and D hordeins. Conclusions. Several barley genotypes with one or two target hordein-deficient mutations and black grain color were isolated. The genotypes obtained will be used in a further backcrosses program, aimed at developing of a black hull-less barley variety with ultra-low gluten content.
{"title":"Development of hull-less barley with ultra-low gluten content via target genes combination. I. Isolation of triple mutants and black grained genotypes","authors":"O. Rybalka, V. Katrii, S. Polishchuk, B. Morgun","doi":"10.15407/agrisp8.01.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp8.01.040","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of the research, presented in this paper, is to develop (as the first one in Ukraine) hull-less barley\u0000breeding material with ultra-low gluten, combining three hordein-deficient mutations, derived from Risø56, Risø1508,\u0000and R118, with black grain color as an indication of bioactive pigments content, enhancing the functional status of\u0000grain as a food product. Methods. We used electrophoretic analysis of proteins in polyacrylamide gel, DNA isolation\u0000by the CTAB method, polymerase chain reaction with DNA-markers, restriction analysis and electrophoretic separa\u0000tion of DNA in agarose gel. Results. The article presents the results of the first stage of combining target hordeindefi cient mutations by binary crosses. The F2/3 and F3/4 populations were derived from binary crosses of Risø56 ×\u0000Risø1508 (reciprocal Risø1508 × Risø56) and R118 × hull-less barley Achilles. The new PCR protocol was optimized.\u0000Markers B1hor, 3a5F and Dhor-m were selected to identify mutations in B, C and D hordeins. Conclusions. Several\u0000barley genotypes with one or two target hordein-deficient mutations and black grain color were isolated. The genotypes obtained will be used in a further backcrosses program, aimed at developing of a black hull-less barley variety\u0000with ultra-low gluten content.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42029653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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