Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.15407/agrisp10.01.003
V. Pelykh, M. V. Levchenko, S. Ushakova, N. Pelykh, P. Vashchenko
Aim. To determine the factors, affecting compensatory growth and performance of the Ukrainian meat (UM) pig breed. To analyze the impact of selection traits on the live weight of pigs during different age periods, using several growth and development indices. To determine compensatory growth by two groups of piglets (based on their individual weight, which was above the average mean piglet weight in the litter (M+) or with a weight which was below average mean piglet weight in the litter (M–), in relation to the average daily gain, ADG), in order to use these factors in a specific breeding program. Methods. Uniform microclimate conditions to rear experimental piglets were maintained using Eletor SC-12 (Poland) equipment. When selecting animals for research groups, physiological conditions were determined (by direct observation), age (according to primary zootechnical records), and live weight weighing on electronic scales (Axis (Ukraine) with a measurement accuracy of 0.02 Kg. The basis of our research was the live weight of pigs of Ukrainian meat breed, n = 381 animals. First two groups of piglets were formed (M+; M–) n = 143(М+); n = 158(М–); based on their individual weight, which was above the average mean piglet weight in the litter (M+) or with a weight which was below average mean piglet weight in the litter (M–). Furthermore, two groups were later formed based on presence or absence of compensatory growth (M++, M+–, M–+ and M– –) n = 66(M++), n = 77(M+–), n = 68(M–+) and n = 90 (M– –). Results. The group M++ at the stage of rearing, at the age of 2–6 months, exhibited superior average daily gains by 22.2 % (P < 0.001) during the period from 2 to 4 months and by 8.8 % (P < 0.01) during the period from 4 to 6 months as compared to the other groups. An ANOVA analysis showed that the changes in weight gain of compensatory growth from 60 to 120 days affects the live weight of pigs at the age of 3–8 months (P < 0.001). The variability of piglet mean live weight in a litter at 60 days influenced the live weight of pigs at the age of 3–7 months (P < 0.001) and at the age of 8 months (P < 0.05), while the interaction between these two factors affects the live weight of piglets at the age of 3–5 months (P < 0.001) and 6 months (P < 0.05). Conclusions. New data have been obtained regarding the impact of piglet weight above or below the average mean piglet weight in the litter and the degree of compensatory growth in Ukrainian meat breed pigs on their average daily gains. Animals from group M–+ at 60 days of age, in the presence of compensatory growth, still outperformed their counterparts from group M+– at 60 days of age by 22.2 % (P < 0.001) during the period from 2 to 4 months and by 8.8 % (P < 0.01) during the period from 4 to 6 months, when not exhibiting compensatory growth. The influence of the aforementioned factors was also determined on the growth rate from 2 to 6 months, with the growth rate index in the M++ group being 1.81 times higher t
{"title":"Compensatory growth and piglets weight variability within the litter as breeding criteria for ukrainian meat pig breed performance","authors":"V. Pelykh, M. V. Levchenko, S. Ushakova, N. Pelykh, P. Vashchenko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the factors, affecting compensatory growth and performance of the Ukrainian meat (UM) pig breed.\u0000To analyze the impact of selection traits on the live weight of pigs during different age periods, using several growth and\u0000development indices. To determine compensatory growth by two groups of piglets (based on their individual weight,\u0000which was above the average mean piglet weight in the litter (M+) or with a weight which was below average mean piglet\u0000weight in the litter (M–), in relation to the average daily gain, ADG), in order to use these factors in a specific breeding\u0000program. Methods. Uniform microclimate conditions to rear experimental piglets were maintained using Eletor SC-12\u0000(Poland) equipment. When selecting animals for research groups, physiological conditions were determined (by direct\u0000observation), age (according to primary zootechnical records), and live weight weighing on electronic scales (Axis\u0000(Ukraine) with a measurement accuracy of 0.02 Kg. The basis of our research was the live weight of pigs of Ukrainian\u0000meat breed, n = 381 animals. First two groups of piglets were formed (M+; M–) n = 143(М+); n = 158(М–); based on\u0000their individual weight, which was above the average mean piglet weight in the litter (M+) or with a weight which was\u0000below average mean piglet weight in the litter (M–). Furthermore, two groups were later formed based on presence or\u0000absence of compensatory growth (M++, M+–, M–+ and M– –) n = 66(M++), n = 77(M+–), n = 68(M–+) and n = 90 (M– –).\u0000Results. The group M++ at the stage of rearing, at the age of 2–6 months, exhibited superior average daily gains by 22.2 %\u0000(P < 0.001) during the period from 2 to 4 months and by 8.8 % (P < 0.01) during the period from 4 to 6 months as compared\u0000to the other groups. An ANOVA analysis showed that the changes in weight gain of compensatory growth from 60 to\u0000120 days affects the live weight of pigs at the age of 3–8 months (P < 0.001). The variability of piglet mean live weight\u0000in a litter at 60 days influenced the live weight of pigs at the age of 3–7 months (P < 0.001) and at the age of 8 months\u0000(P < 0.05), while the interaction between these two factors affects the live weight of piglets at the age of 3–5 months\u0000(P < 0.001) and 6 months (P < 0.05). Conclusions. New data have been obtained regarding the impact of piglet weight\u0000above or below the average mean piglet weight in the litter and the degree of compensatory growth in Ukrainian meat\u0000breed pigs on their average daily gains. Animals from group M–+ at 60 days of age, in the presence of compensatory\u0000growth, still outperformed their counterparts from group M+– at 60 days of age by 22.2 % (P < 0.001) during the period\u0000from 2 to 4 months and by 8.8 % (P < 0.01) during the period from 4 to 6 months, when not exhibiting compensatory\u0000growth. The influence of the aforementioned factors was also determined on the growth rate from 2 to 6 months, with\u0000the growth rate index in the M++ group being 1.81 times higher t","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49139644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.15407/agrisp10.01.024
V. Dzitsiuk, Kh. T. Bratytsia
Aim. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of karyotypes of purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in order to detect their degree of chromosomal aberrations. Methods. The cyto- genetic study involved 156 cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed from two research farms of M.V. Zubets Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, the NAAS. Cultures of peripheral lymphocytes, stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Difco, USA) were used according to the method of Moorhead et al. (1960). The chromosomal preparations were stained with 2 % Giemsa solution (Giemsa, Merk) and analyzed under an Axiostar plus (Carl Zeiss, Germany) light microscope at 1,000 times magnification. Metaphase slides were photographed with a digital camera Olympus D-460 ZOOM. The biometric processing of the study results was conducted by ANOVA using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. Genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy) and structural aberrations of chromosomes were found in the karyotypes of the investigated purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows. The total share of aberrant cells varied from 11.4 ± 0.39 % in purebred, 11.8 ± 0.40 % in inbred to 17.30 ± 0.85 % in crossbred cows. In two animals the Robertson translocation, rob (1 : 29) was found. A statistically significant difference between purebred, inbred, and crossbred animals was found regarding cells with aneuploidy and structural chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions. The karyological analysis yielded data showing changes in genetic structure that can have an influence on fertility and production in different breeding programs.
{"title":"Chromosomal aberrations in Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed cows when using different breeding methods","authors":"V. Dzitsiuk, Kh. T. Bratytsia","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of karyotypes of purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows of the\u0000Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in order to detect their degree of chromosomal aberrations. Methods. The cyto-\u0000genetic study involved 156 cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed from two research farms of M.V. Zubets\u0000Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, the NAAS. Cultures of peripheral lymphocytes, stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, Difco, USA) were used according to the method of Moorhead et al. (1960). The chromosomal\u0000preparations were stained with 2 % Giemsa solution (Giemsa, Merk) and analyzed under an Axiostar plus (Carl Zeiss,\u0000Germany) light microscope at 1,000 times magnification. Metaphase slides were photographed with a digital camera\u0000Olympus D-460 ZOOM. The biometric processing of the study results was conducted by ANOVA using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. Genomic mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy) and structural aberrations of chromosomes were\u0000found in the karyotypes of the investigated purebred, inbred, and crossbred cows. The total share of aberrant cells varied from 11.4 ± 0.39 % in purebred, 11.8 ± 0.40 % in inbred to 17.30 ± 0.85 % in crossbred cows. In two animals the\u0000Robertson translocation, rob (1 : 29) was found. A statistically significant difference between purebred, inbred, and\u0000crossbred animals was found regarding cells with aneuploidy and structural chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions.\u0000The karyological analysis yielded data showing changes in genetic structure that can have an influence on fertility and\u0000production in different breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49289682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa with the best morphofunctional characteristics may allow their use for assisted reproductive technologies in goat breeding throughout the year to effectively increase livestock. Aim. To evaluate the influence of seasons on morphological and morphometric characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved goat sperm. Methods. The ejaculate samples of three sexually mature bucks of the Saanen breed were obtained during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. To assess the morphological characteristics, the smears of sperm were stained and then visualized under a light microscope with a magnification of ×1,000. For morphometric measurements, sperm micrographs were taken and analyzed using the ImageJ software. The cryopreservation of sperm was performed in a medium with 10 % glycerol and 20 % egg yolk. The samples were thawed in a water bath, then the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the cells were evaluated. Results. After the cryopreservation, the number of sperm with abnormal morphological structures was significantly higher compared to fresh sperm, both in the breeding and non-breeding seasons (p ≤ 0.05). After the cryopreservation, the length and width of the head decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the corresponding sperm sizes before the cryopreservation. Analyzing the morphological char- acteristics of the tail part, we revealed the fact of its reduction after the cryopreservation, probably due to twisting, loop formation, and detachment of its part. Conclusions. It was found that in the non-breeding season, the number of spermatozoa with damaged morphological structures increases, compared to the breeding season, which must be taken into account when using reproductive technologies. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of Saanen buck spermatozoa change after the cryopreservation, regardless of the season, which indicates the need to choose the fertilization tactics that will ensure the selection of spermatozoa without any morphological abnormalities.
{"title":"Morphological and morphometric characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa of saanen bucks","authors":"A. Bogdaniuk, M. Petrushko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa with the best morphofunctional characteristics may allow their use\u0000for assisted reproductive technologies in goat breeding throughout the year to effectively increase livestock. Aim. To\u0000evaluate the influence of seasons on morphological and morphometric characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved goat\u0000sperm. Methods. The ejaculate samples of three sexually mature bucks of the Saanen breed were obtained during the\u0000breeding and non-breeding seasons. To assess the morphological characteristics, the smears of sperm were stained\u0000and then visualized under a light microscope with a magnification of ×1,000. For morphometric measurements, sperm\u0000micrographs were taken and analyzed using the ImageJ software. The cryopreservation of sperm was performed in a\u0000medium with 10 % glycerol and 20 % egg yolk. The samples were thawed in a water bath, then the morphological and\u0000morphometric characteristics of the cells were evaluated. Results. After the cryopreservation, the number of sperm\u0000with abnormal morphological structures was significantly higher compared to fresh sperm, both in the breeding and\u0000non-breeding seasons (p ≤ 0.05). After the cryopreservation, the length and width of the head decreased significantly\u0000(p ≤ 0.05) compared to the corresponding sperm sizes before the cryopreservation. Analyzing the morphological char-\u0000acteristics of the tail part, we revealed the fact of its reduction after the cryopreservation, probably due to twisting,\u0000loop formation, and detachment of its part. Conclusions. It was found that in the non-breeding season, the number of\u0000spermatozoa with damaged morphological structures increases, compared to the breeding season, which must be taken\u0000into account when using reproductive technologies. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of Saanen\u0000buck spermatozoa change after the cryopreservation, regardless of the season, which indicates the need to choose the\u0000fertilization tactics that will ensure the selection of spermatozoa without any morphological abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47427320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Gudkov, I. Volkohon, V. Illienko, M. Lazarev, A. Klepko
Aim. To study the impact of different levels of radioactive contamination on the organic matter decomposition and the population development of microbial decomposers of organic matter in soil. Methods. Gamma-spectrometry for the determination of the relative activity of 137Cs and beta-spectrometry for the determination of the relative activity of 90Sr in order to choose the contamination range for the studies; Tea Bag Іndex (TBI), the standard glob- ally accepted method to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition; gas chromatography – to determine the impact of the investigated factors on the formation of the biomass of microorganisms by means of the СО2 production potential; classic microbiological methods, using elective media to estimate the population densities of culturable microbial decomposers. Results. The studies (from April to September 2021) comprised two soils with different radioactive contamination ranges: Range No. 1 in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region (the village Khrystynivka, 3 sampling points) in the unconditional (obligatory) resettlement zone after the catastrophe in the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) (it has an absorbed dose rate gradient, evaluated for soil microorganisms, from 0.2 μGy/h (at sampling point Narodychi-1: 51,24076°N, 29,21497°E) to 1.57 μGy/h (at sampling point Naro- dychi-3: 51,23815°N, 29,22245°E)), located on the agricultural field, abandoned after the catastrophe and Range No. 2, located on the afforested area, directly bordering the territory of the so-called Red Forest in the ChNPP ex- clusion zone (4 sampling points – the first three points – natural ecosystems, and 4th – pyrogenically transformed territory after fires in 2020) with the absorbed dose rate gradient from 3.7 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-1: 51,38595°N, 30,03035°E) to 84.0 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-4: 51,38231°N, 30,03298°E). The dependence of the studied indicators on the gradient of soil contamination with radionuclides was demonstrated and these are the conditions that the difference is more than 400 times in the values of the ionizing radiation absorbed dose rates formed by radionuclides in soil. In Range No. 1 (on the fallow land), with the increase in the dose rate up from 0.2 to 1.57 μGy/h, there was statistically significant increase of mineralization coefficient and percentage of reduced weight of rooibos tea between the least and most contaminated sampling points), stimulation of the development of micromycetes (by 1.2–2.3 times), cellulose-decomposing bacteria (by 7.1–7.9 times), and ammonifying bacteria (by 1.8–6.3 times) due to a significant increasing the number of colony-forming units in points with higher radio- nuclide contamination and an increase of microbial biomass in soil more than twofold between the least and most contaminated sampling point of Range No. 1.In Range No. 2, in the ChNPP exclusion zone, characterized by low parameters of sod-podzolic soil fertility (humus content from 1.2 ± 0.
{"title":"Impact of radioactive contamination of soils on the diversity of micropopulation and the transformation of organic substances","authors":"I. Gudkov, I. Volkohon, V. Illienko, M. Lazarev, A. Klepko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of different levels of radioactive contamination on the organic matter decomposition and\u0000the population development of microbial decomposers of organic matter in soil. Methods. Gamma-spectrometry\u0000for the determination of the relative activity of 137Cs and beta-spectrometry for the determination of the relative\u0000activity of 90Sr in order to choose the contamination range for the studies; Tea Bag Іndex (TBI), the standard glob-\u0000ally accepted method to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition; gas chromatography – to determine\u0000the impact of the investigated factors on the formation of the biomass of microorganisms by means of the СО2\u0000production potential; classic microbiological methods, using elective media to estimate the population densities\u0000of culturable microbial decomposers. Results. The studies (from April to September 2021) comprised two soils\u0000with different radioactive contamination ranges: Range No. 1 in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region (the village\u0000Khrystynivka, 3 sampling points) in the unconditional (obligatory) resettlement zone after the catastrophe in the\u0000Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) (it has an absorbed dose rate gradient, evaluated for soil microorganisms,\u0000from 0.2 μGy/h (at sampling point Narodychi-1: 51,24076°N, 29,21497°E) to 1.57 μGy/h (at sampling point Naro-\u0000dychi-3: 51,23815°N, 29,22245°E)), located on the agricultural field, abandoned after the catastrophe and Range\u0000No. 2, located on the afforested area, directly bordering the territory of the so-called Red Forest in the ChNPP ex-\u0000clusion zone (4 sampling points – the first three points – natural ecosystems, and 4th – pyrogenically transformed\u0000territory after fires in 2020) with the absorbed dose rate gradient from 3.7 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-1:\u000051,38595°N, 30,03035°E) to 84.0 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-4: 51,38231°N, 30,03298°E). The dependence\u0000of the studied indicators on the gradient of soil contamination with radionuclides was demonstrated and these are\u0000the conditions that the difference is more than 400 times in the values of the ionizing radiation absorbed dose rates\u0000formed by radionuclides in soil. In Range No. 1 (on the fallow land), with the increase in the dose rate up from 0.2\u0000to 1.57 μGy/h, there was statistically significant increase of mineralization coefficient and percentage of reduced\u0000weight of rooibos tea between the least and most contaminated sampling points), stimulation of the development\u0000of micromycetes (by 1.2–2.3 times), cellulose-decomposing bacteria (by 7.1–7.9 times), and ammonifying bacteria\u0000(by 1.8–6.3 times) due to a significant increasing the number of colony-forming units in points with higher radio-\u0000nuclide contamination and an increase of microbial biomass in soil more than twofold between the least and most\u0000contaminated sampling point of Range No. 1.In Range No. 2, in the ChNPP exclusion zone, characterized by low\u0000parameters of sod-podzolic soil fertility (humus content from 1.2 ± 0.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To study the mutual relations between different soybean cultivars and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains after mixed inoculation, to evaluate the impact of the introduced microorganisms on the local rhizobial communities in soil, the formation and functioning symbiotic systems, and productivity of soybean. Methods. Microbiological and serological methods; field experiment, gas chromatography and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. A small- plot field experiment demonstrated that the use of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and B. japonicum КВ11 strains pro- moted a more even distribution of the local and introduced rhizobia in the nodule populations of 12 soybean cultivars of different geographic origin. There was no domination of particular strains in the nodules, and the symbiotic systems formed were more balanced than the control without inoculation. After inoculation of the above-mentioned mixture, in most cultivars there was a considerable increase in the number of nodules (10–45 % more) and their mass (11–86 % increase). There was also an increase in the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 1.2–4.2 times and an increase in the weight of grain per plant by 6–29 % (depending on the cultivar). The efficiency of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and КВ11 strains in a preparation Rizogumin was confirmed in extensive field trials with soybean on an area of about 60 thousand ha in different regions of Ukraine. In the background of the local populations of the soybean nodulating bacteria in the areas, the application of the formulated mixture of the two rhizobia strains ensured a stable increase by 15–33 % in the soybean yield as compared with the control without the inoculation. Conclusions. A novel approach was investigated, which lies in the application of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 (genetic group USDA 6) and B. japoni- cum КВ11 (genetic group USDA 123) strains for different soybean cultivars inoculation. Combining these two strains and their introduction into agrocenoses ensured the formation of a balanced symbiotic systems (without clear domina- tion of some strains in the nodules). This was expressed in an intensified nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and increased yield of different cultivars of soybeans by 15–33 % as compared to the control (without inoculation).
{"title":"Symbiotic interaction between a mixture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and different soybean cultivars","authors":"D. Krutylo","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the mutual relations between different soybean cultivars and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains\u0000after mixed inoculation, to evaluate the impact of the introduced microorganisms on the local rhizobial communities\u0000in soil, the formation and functioning symbiotic systems, and productivity of soybean. Methods. Microbiological and\u0000serological methods; field experiment, gas chromatography and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. A small-\u0000plot field experiment demonstrated that the use of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and B. japonicum КВ11 strains pro-\u0000moted a more even distribution of the local and introduced rhizobia in the nodule populations of 12 soybean cultivars\u0000of different geographic origin. There was no domination of particular strains in the nodules, and the symbiotic systems\u0000formed were more balanced than the control without inoculation. After inoculation of the above-mentioned mixture,\u0000in most cultivars there was a considerable increase in the number of nodules (10–45 % more) and their mass (11–86\u0000% increase). There was also an increase in the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 1.2–4.2 times and an increase\u0000in the weight of grain per plant by 6–29 % (depending on the cultivar). The efficiency of a mixture of B. japonicum 46\u0000and КВ11 strains in a preparation Rizogumin was confirmed in extensive field trials with soybean on an area of about\u000060 thousand ha in different regions of Ukraine. In the background of the local populations of the soybean nodulating\u0000bacteria in the areas, the application of the formulated mixture of the two rhizobia strains ensured a stable increase by\u000015–33 % in the soybean yield as compared with the control without the inoculation. Conclusions. A novel approach\u0000was investigated, which lies in the application of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 (genetic group USDA 6) and B. japoni-\u0000cum КВ11 (genetic group USDA 123) strains for different soybean cultivars inoculation. Combining these two strains\u0000and their introduction into agrocenoses ensured the formation of a balanced symbiotic systems (without clear domina-\u0000tion of some strains in the nodules). This was expressed in an intensified nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and\u0000increased yield of different cultivars of soybeans by 15–33 % as compared to the control (without inoculation).","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Volkogon, A. Moskalenko, S. Dimova, K. Volkogon, L. Potapienko
Aim. To study the efficiency of inoculating spring barley with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Methods. 1) A field ex- periment on turfpodzolic sandy soil with different mineral fertilization regimes; 2) A greenhouse experiment on sand as substrate, with isotope dilution analysis using 15N; 3) A lysimetric experiment in a stationary lysimetric installation. Furthermore, chromatography to determine nitrogenase activity of bacteria in the root zone of plants, agrochemical, and statistical methods. Results. Under field conditions, the inoculation with A. brasilense 410 promoted a significant increase (37–103 %) in the nitrogenase activity in the “soil-plant” system without any mineral fertilization and (espe- cially) where N60P60K60 was used. A high fertilizer level (N120P120K120) lead to a long-term inhibition of the nitrogenase activity. In both cases (plants with and without inoculation with A. brasilense 410) this fertilization level showed an increase in the nitrogenase activity only at the end of the vegetation period. The highest increase in yield (0.7 t/ha, 27 %) in yield following A. brasilense strain 410 inoculation, occurred in plots with N60P60K60 fertilization; the least increase in yield (0.33 t/ha, 16.5 %) was observed in plots receiving no fertilizers. The pre-sowing inoculation led to an increase in the protein content of 0.3–1.0 % in the barley grain, especially when receiving high fertilization levels, enhancing its value for the use in cereals and feeds, but decreasing its value for its use in brewing. The green- house experiment with 15N established an increase 77.1 % in the nitrogen intake into the plants due to the activation of the nitrogen-fixation process and enhanced 29.5 % nitrogen consumption from fertilizers. The lysimetric studies demonstrated that inoculation of spring barley cv Nosivsky with A. brasilense 410 limited the vertical migration and leaching of nitrogen by 27–30 %, potassium by 13–30, calcium by 32–51 %, manganese by 33–100 %, and water-sol- uble organic matter by 46–75 %. Conclusions. The pre-sowing inoculation of spring barley cv. Nosivsky seeds with A. brasilense 410 intensifies nitrogen consumption by plants within 29.5 % due to active nitrogen-fixation and a better utilization of N from mineral fertilizers. The barley yield increase with 0.7 t/ha was in our limited experiment, using one cultivar roughly equivalent to the increase after mineral fertilization with N60P60K60. Thus, pre-sowing inoculation with A. brasilense 410 may lead to substantial reduction of the use of mineral fertilisers in practice.
{"title":"The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain 410 on spring barley cv. nosivsky development and yield","authors":"V. Volkogon, A. Moskalenko, S. Dimova, K. Volkogon, L. Potapienko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the efficiency of inoculating spring barley with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Methods. 1) A field ex-\u0000periment on turfpodzolic sandy soil with different mineral fertilization regimes; 2) A greenhouse experiment on sand\u0000as substrate, with isotope dilution analysis using 15N; 3) A lysimetric experiment in a stationary lysimetric installation.\u0000Furthermore, chromatography to determine nitrogenase activity of bacteria in the root zone of plants, agrochemical,\u0000and statistical methods. Results. Under field conditions, the inoculation with A. brasilense 410 promoted a significant\u0000increase (37–103 %) in the nitrogenase activity in the “soil-plant” system without any mineral fertilization and (espe-\u0000cially) where N60P60K60 was used. A high fertilizer level (N120P120K120) lead to a long-term inhibition of the nitrogenase\u0000activity. In both cases (plants with and without inoculation with A. brasilense 410) this fertilization level showed an\u0000increase in the nitrogenase activity only at the end of the vegetation period. The highest increase in yield (0.7 t/ha,\u000027 %) in yield following A. brasilense strain 410 inoculation, occurred in plots with N60P60K60 fertilization; the least\u0000increase in yield (0.33 t/ha, 16.5 %) was observed in plots receiving no fertilizers. The pre-sowing inoculation led\u0000to an increase in the protein content of 0.3–1.0 % in the barley grain, especially when receiving high fertilization\u0000levels, enhancing its value for the use in cereals and feeds, but decreasing its value for its use in brewing. The green-\u0000house experiment with 15N established an increase 77.1 % in the nitrogen intake into the plants due to the activation\u0000of the nitrogen-fixation process and enhanced 29.5 % nitrogen consumption from fertilizers. The lysimetric studies\u0000demonstrated that inoculation of spring barley cv Nosivsky with A. brasilense 410 limited the vertical migration and\u0000leaching of nitrogen by 27–30 %, potassium by 13–30, calcium by 32–51 %, manganese by 33–100 %, and water-sol-\u0000uble organic matter by 46–75 %. Conclusions. The pre-sowing inoculation of spring barley cv. Nosivsky seeds with\u0000A. brasilense 410 intensifies nitrogen consumption by plants within 29.5 % due to active nitrogen-fixation and a better\u0000utilization of N from mineral fertilizers. The barley yield increase with 0.7 t/ha was in our limited experiment, using\u0000one cultivar roughly equivalent to the increase after mineral fertilization with N60P60K60. Thus, pre-sowing inoculation\u0000with A. brasilense 410 may lead to substantial reduction of the use of mineral fertilisers in practice.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48837307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To identify mutations and evaluate the mutation frequency in Nigella damascena L. cultivars (cvs) Bereginya and Charivnytsya (M2 and M3 generation), following treatment of their seeds with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and a new derivative of dimethyl sulfate, DG-2. Methods. Treated Nigella seeds of two cvs with the mutagens for 6 and 16 h and in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 % for EMS and NMU and 0.05 and 0.5 % for DG-2. Results. A wide range of mutations (59 types) was obtained, that was divided into six groups: five groups with changes in the morphological type and one group with changes in the physiological type. Among the detected mutations, there were both previously known mutations and those obtained in this culture for the first time. The high- est mutation frequency (30 %) affecting synthesis of chlorophyll and structure of stem, shoots and leaves and 20 % for physiological features, was registered for NMU at 16 h and 0.05 % in cv. Bereginya. However, this NMU concentra- tion appeared to be lethal for cv. Charivnytsya. Conclusions. The new mutagen DG-2 proved to be most effective for inducing mutations in the corolla petal color of nigella, namely 4.0 at a 0.5 % concentration of the mutagen and 16h exposure for cv. Bereginya and 4.0 % at the same concentration and exposure for cv. Charivnytsya. DG-2 caused a substantial number of mutations in all six mutation groups affecting morphological and physiological traits. The clas- sic mutagen EMS was also effective across the spectrum of mutation groups in our study; however, it caused mutations at a lower frequency. The maximum mutation frequency under influence of EMC at a concentration of 0.05 % and an exposure of 16 h in cv. Bereginya was 11.0 %, and in cv. Charivnytsya 8.0 %. For all three mutagens used, an increase in the concentration of the active substance and of exposure time led to an increase in the mutation frequency in N. damascena plants. We will select mutants with economically valuable traits, such as tall, lodging-resistant plants and early maturing ones, for further work on the development of new cultivars of N. damascena for industrial cultivation.
{"title":"Mutation types and frequency in Nigella damascena L. in the М2 and M3 generation, using ethyl methanesulfonate, nitrosomethylurea and a new derivative of dimethylsulfate, DG-2","authors":"Yu. O. Gubanova","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify mutations and evaluate the mutation frequency in Nigella damascena L. cultivars (cvs) Bereginya\u0000and Charivnytsya (M2 and M3 generation), following treatment of their seeds with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS),\u0000nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and a new derivative of dimethyl sulfate, DG-2. Methods. Treated Nigella seeds of two\u0000cvs with the mutagens for 6 and 16 h and in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 % for EMS and NMU and 0.05 and 0.5 %\u0000for DG-2. Results. A wide range of mutations (59 types) was obtained, that was divided into six groups: five groups\u0000with changes in the morphological type and one group with changes in the physiological type. Among the detected\u0000mutations, there were both previously known mutations and those obtained in this culture for the first time. The high-\u0000est mutation frequency (30 %) affecting synthesis of chlorophyll and structure of stem, shoots and leaves and 20 % for\u0000physiological features, was registered for NMU at 16 h and 0.05 % in cv. Bereginya. However, this NMU concentra-\u0000tion appeared to be lethal for cv. Charivnytsya. Conclusions. The new mutagen DG-2 proved to be most effective for\u0000inducing mutations in the corolla petal color of nigella, namely 4.0 at a 0.5 % concentration of the mutagen and 16h\u0000exposure for cv. Bereginya and 4.0 % at the same concentration and exposure for cv. Charivnytsya. DG-2 caused a\u0000substantial number of mutations in all six mutation groups affecting morphological and physiological traits. The clas-\u0000sic mutagen EMS was also effective across the spectrum of mutation groups in our study; however, it caused mutations\u0000at a lower frequency. The maximum mutation frequency under influence of EMC at a concentration of 0.05 % and an\u0000exposure of 16 h in cv. Bereginya was 11.0 %, and in cv. Charivnytsya 8.0 %. For all three mutagens used, an increase\u0000in the concentration of the active substance and of exposure time led to an increase in the mutation frequency in N.\u0000damascena plants. We will select mutants with economically valuable traits, such as tall, lodging-resistant plants and\u0000early maturing ones, for further work on the development of new cultivars of N. damascena for industrial cultivation.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44377644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Olifir, A. Habryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko, G. Konyk, N. Kozak, V. Lykhochvor
Aim. To study acid-base buffering capacity depending on the intensity of different fertilization systems, including lim- ing, with different doses of CaCO3 in a long-term (55 years) stationary experiment on Albic Stagnic Luvisol (light grey forest surface-gleyed soil). This study should serve as a basis for the restoration and protection of fertility and yield and preservation of ecological restorative functions of this soil type. Methods. Field stationary experiment, using monitoring, laboratory-analytical and statistical-mathematical methods. Results. It was found that after 35 years of a seven-field crop rotation the exclusion of the intensive crops of sugar beet, potato and one winter wheat, in combina- tion with low (2.5 time less) mineral fertilization levels, contributed to an increase in resistance to acidification over the next 20 years from 5.53 to 7.48 points (using a 100-point scale) with a simultaneous increase in soil рНКСl from 3.77 to 4.12. Organo-mineral fertilization (N65P68K68 + 10 t manure/ha of crop rotation area) and periodic application of CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity (6.0 t/ha) and an optimal dose of lime (2.5 t/ha CaCO3) increased pH buffering over these 20 years in a four-field rotation. The general evaluation index of buffering was 21.8–21.9 points, exceeding the virgin soil by 1.9 to 2 points. In the control variants without the use of fertilizers the general evaluation index of buffering was 14.3 ± 0.3, and the coefficient of buffer asymmetry was the highest – 0.646 ± 0.013, which under these conditions indicated the danger of soil losing its ability for self-regulation and self-healing. Conclusions. The resis- tance of Albic Stagnic Luvisol to acidification increased most in the combined application of N65P68K68 and 10 t/ha manure, together with an optimum calculated dose of lime in a 4-year crop rotation. An optimal dose of CaCO3 (2.5 t/ha) and organo-mineral fertilizing system in a 4-year crop rotation improved the soil buffering capacity of the acid shoulder by 2.45 points compared to the mineral fertilization system. To support a determination of acid-buffering effects graphic charts representing pH buffering capacity proved to be useful and could be instrumental in diagnostics and optimization of the acid-base regime for acid forest soils in general.
{"title":"An acid-base buffering model to describe pH buffering capacity of an acid albic stagnic luvisol under long-term agricultural land use and management","authors":"Y. Olifir, A. Habryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko, G. Konyk, N. Kozak, V. Lykhochvor","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study acid-base buffering capacity depending on the intensity of different fertilization systems, including lim-\u0000ing, with different doses of CaCO3 in a long-term (55 years) stationary experiment on Albic Stagnic Luvisol (light grey\u0000forest surface-gleyed soil). This study should serve as a basis for the restoration and protection of fertility and yield\u0000and preservation of ecological restorative functions of this soil type. Methods. Field stationary experiment, using\u0000monitoring, laboratory-analytical and statistical-mathematical methods. Results. It was found that after 35 years of a\u0000seven-field crop rotation the exclusion of the intensive crops of sugar beet, potato and one winter wheat, in combina-\u0000tion with low (2.5 time less) mineral fertilization levels, contributed to an increase in resistance to acidification over\u0000the next 20 years from 5.53 to 7.48 points (using a 100-point scale) with a simultaneous increase in soil рНКСl from\u00003.77 to 4.12. Organo-mineral fertilization (N65P68K68 + 10 t manure/ha of crop rotation area) and periodic application\u0000of CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity (6.0 t/ha) and an optimal dose of lime (2.5 t/ha CaCO3) increased pH buffering over\u0000these 20 years in a four-field rotation. The general evaluation index of buffering was 21.8–21.9 points, exceeding\u0000the virgin soil by 1.9 to 2 points. In the control variants without the use of fertilizers the general evaluation index of\u0000buffering was 14.3 ± 0.3, and the coefficient of buffer asymmetry was the highest – 0.646 ± 0.013, which under these\u0000conditions indicated the danger of soil losing its ability for self-regulation and self-healing. Conclusions. The resis-\u0000tance of Albic Stagnic Luvisol to acidification increased most in the combined application of N65P68K68 and 10 t/ha\u0000manure, together with an optimum calculated dose of lime in a 4-year crop rotation. An optimal dose of CaCO3 (2.5\u0000t/ha) and organo-mineral fertilizing system in a 4-year crop rotation improved the soil buffering capacity of the acid\u0000shoulder by 2.45 points compared to the mineral fertilization system. To support a determination of acid-buffering\u0000effects graphic charts representing pH buffering capacity proved to be useful and could be instrumental in diagnostics\u0000and optimization of the acid-base regime for acid forest soils in general.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49130266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Radchenko, Zh.z. Guralchuk, O. Rodzevych, M. Khandezhina, Y. Morderer
Aim. This work is devoted to the search for potential partners for the integrated application of flumioxazine in sunflower crops. This herbicide is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in weed plants. The resistance to this class of herbicides is not yet common today, compared to other classes. Therefore, the work is aimed at de- veloping flumioxazine-based herbicide compositions that effectively prevent the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Methods. The interaction effects, weed control efficiency, and crop selectivity were studied when flumioxazine was used in the mixtures with herbicides acetochlor and propisochlor (long-chain fatty acid synthesis (LCFAS) inhibitors), promethrin (electron transport (ET) inhibitor in photosystem 2 (PS 2) of chloroplasts) and fluorochloridone (inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis by blocking the activity of phytoendesaturases (PDS)) both in the experiments on sunflower crops and in greenhouse experiments using the model objects. Results. The studies have shown that when flumioxazine is applied with the ET inhibitor, promethrin, the interaction is antagonistic, resulting in poor weed control efficiency and sunflower yield decrease. The tank mixtures of flumioxazine with LCFAS inhibitors acetochlor and propisochlor provide high weed control efficiency but are low in selectivity for sunflowers. The interaction between flumioxazine and fluorochloridone within the recommended application rates is additive. The tank mixture of flumioxazine and fluorochloridone herbicides at the application rates of 55 and 500 g/ha, respectively, is selective for sunflowers. In terms of control efficiency of annual dicotyledons, this mixture of herbicides exceeded, and in terms of control efficiency of annual cereal weed species was only slightly inferior to the control integrated herbicide (metolachlor + terbuthylazine). In these application rates, flumioxazine and fluo- rochloridone provided sunflower yield on par with this complex herbicide. Сonclusions. Among the investigated herbicides, the optimal partner of flumioxazine for complex use in sunflower crops was the herbicide, inhibitor PDS, fluorochloridone. Given that flumioxazine and fluorochloridone differ in their phytotoxicity mechanisms but share a common spectrum of controlled weed species, the use of a mixture of these herbicides is a factor that minimizes the likelihood of the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.
{"title":"Effectiveness of using the mixtures of herbicides flumioxazine and fluorochloridone in sunflower crops","authors":"M. Radchenko, Zh.z. Guralchuk, O. Rodzevych, M. Khandezhina, Y. Morderer","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This work is devoted to the search for potential partners for the integrated application of flumioxazine in\u0000sunflower crops. This herbicide is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in weed plants. The resistance\u0000to this class of herbicides is not yet common today, compared to other classes. Therefore, the work is aimed at de-\u0000veloping flumioxazine-based herbicide compositions that effectively prevent the emergence of herbicide-resistant\u0000weed biotypes. Methods. The interaction effects, weed control efficiency, and crop selectivity were studied when\u0000flumioxazine was used in the mixtures with herbicides acetochlor and propisochlor (long-chain fatty acid synthesis\u0000(LCFAS) inhibitors), promethrin (electron transport (ET) inhibitor in photosystem 2 (PS 2) of chloroplasts) and\u0000fluorochloridone (inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis by blocking the activity of phytoendesaturases (PDS)) both in\u0000the experiments on sunflower crops and in greenhouse experiments using the model objects. Results. The studies\u0000have shown that when flumioxazine is applied with the ET inhibitor, promethrin, the interaction is antagonistic,\u0000resulting in poor weed control efficiency and sunflower yield decrease. The tank mixtures of flumioxazine with\u0000LCFAS inhibitors acetochlor and propisochlor provide high weed control efficiency but are low in selectivity for\u0000sunflowers. The interaction between flumioxazine and fluorochloridone within the recommended application rates\u0000is additive. The tank mixture of flumioxazine and fluorochloridone herbicides at the application rates of 55 and 500\u0000g/ha, respectively, is selective for sunflowers. In terms of control efficiency of annual dicotyledons, this mixture of\u0000herbicides exceeded, and in terms of control efficiency of annual cereal weed species was only slightly inferior to\u0000the control integrated herbicide (metolachlor + terbuthylazine). In these application rates, flumioxazine and fluo-\u0000rochloridone provided sunflower yield on par with this complex herbicide. Сonclusions. Among the investigated\u0000herbicides, the optimal partner of flumioxazine for complex use in sunflower crops was the herbicide, inhibitor\u0000PDS, fluorochloridone. Given that flumioxazine and fluorochloridone differ in their phytotoxicity mechanisms\u0000but share a common spectrum of controlled weed species, the use of a mixture of these herbicides is a factor that\u0000minimizes the likelihood of the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43617423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To investigate the physiological and agrobiological responses of grapevines on different systems of training systems in row plantations depending on the planting density and the possibility of adjusting plants for non-irri- gated crop cultivation under cold semiarid climate. Methods. The field two-way experiment of 2 × 4 was applied to study the effect of two planting density variants (3 × 1.5 m; 3 × 1 m) and four vine training systems (when the horizontal cordon is located at the height of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m) on the parameters of the leaf area, leaf index, water loss through transpiration, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and the yield of Zahrei wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment data were processed using the analysis of variance. Results. The increase in the density of vine row plantations per area units from 3 × 1.5 m to 3 × 1 m enlarges the total leaf area, the exposed leaf area, water loss through transpiration, and yield weight, but these indices decrease in the evaluations per plant. The responses of grapevine to the training systems are similar and independent from the ex- perimental variants of planting density. At the height of the cordon of 0.4 and 0.8 m, the vertical shoot positioning enhances the potential of the photosynthetic capacity of the plantations, but this potential is realized only during the years with lower water deficit for plants. Free-growing shootings on the cordons, located at the height of 1.2 m, form the canopy architecture with relatively low water loss through transpiration which has a positive effect on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and yield, especially in dry years. The downward shoot positioning on the cordons of 1.6 m decreases the leaf area of the vines and creates the canopy architecture with increased transpiration which enhances the effect of the water deficit and has a negative effect on the productivity of plants. Conclusions. The agronomic methods of planting and training systems for grapevines ensure the management of the character of spatial shoot location, the formation of certain canopy architecture, and setting the parameters of the leaf area; their optimization mitigates the negative effect of water deficit and provides for adapting the plants for non-irrigated crops under semiarid climate. The positive effect of compacting plantations on crop yield was determined without irrigation in semiarid environments. The variant of planting density of 3 × 1 m decreases the yield on the vines on average by 12.1–31.0 %, as compared to the variant of 3 × 1.5 m. Yet, more dense plantations are remarkable for their yield, which is 18.5–61.3 % higher depending on the training system for vines. Under dry conditions, the most efficient system is the training system with the formation of the horizontal cordon at the height of 1.2 m and free-growing shoots. The system optimizes the leaf area density, and forms the canopy architecture with rather lo
{"title":"Responses of grapevines to planting density and training systems in semiarid environments","authors":"A. Shtirbu, I. Kovaleva, V. Vlasov","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the physiological and agrobiological responses of grapevines on different systems of training\u0000systems in row plantations depending on the planting density and the possibility of adjusting plants for non-irri-\u0000gated crop cultivation under cold semiarid climate. Methods. The field two-way experiment of 2 × 4 was applied\u0000to study the effect of two planting density variants (3 × 1.5 m; 3 × 1 m) and four vine training systems (when the\u0000horizontal cordon is located at the height of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m) on the parameters of the leaf area, leaf\u0000index, water loss through transpiration, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and the yield of Zahrei\u0000wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment data were processed using the analysis of variance. Results.\u0000The increase in the density of vine row plantations per area units from 3 × 1.5 m to 3 × 1 m enlarges the total leaf\u0000area, the exposed leaf area, water loss through transpiration, and yield weight, but these indices decrease in the\u0000evaluations per plant. The responses of grapevine to the training systems are similar and independent from the ex-\u0000perimental variants of planting density. At the height of the cordon of 0.4 and 0.8 m, the vertical shoot positioning\u0000enhances the potential of the photosynthetic capacity of the plantations, but this potential is realized only during\u0000the years with lower water deficit for plants. Free-growing shootings on the cordons, located at the height of 1.2\u0000m, form the canopy architecture with relatively low water loss through transpiration which has a positive effect\u0000on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and yield, especially in dry years. The downward shoot positioning\u0000on the cordons of 1.6 m decreases the leaf area of the vines and creates the canopy architecture with increased\u0000transpiration which enhances the effect of the water deficit and has a negative effect on the productivity of plants.\u0000Conclusions. The agronomic methods of planting and training systems for grapevines ensure the management of\u0000the character of spatial shoot location, the formation of certain canopy architecture, and setting the parameters of\u0000the leaf area; their optimization mitigates the negative effect of water deficit and provides for adapting the plants\u0000for non-irrigated crops under semiarid climate. The positive effect of compacting plantations on crop yield was\u0000determined without irrigation in semiarid environments. The variant of planting density of 3 × 1 m decreases the\u0000yield on the vines on average by 12.1–31.0 %, as compared to the variant of 3 × 1.5 m. Yet, more dense plantations\u0000are remarkable for their yield, which is 18.5–61.3 % higher depending on the training system for vines. Under dry\u0000conditions, the most efficient system is the training system with the formation of the horizontal cordon at the height\u0000of 1.2 m and free-growing shoots. The system optimizes the leaf area density, and forms the canopy architecture\u0000with rather lo","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48402927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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