I. Gudkov, I. Volkohon, V. Illienko, M. Lazarev, A. Klepko
Aim. To study the impact of different levels of radioactive contamination on the organic matter decomposition and the population development of microbial decomposers of organic matter in soil. Methods. Gamma-spectrometry for the determination of the relative activity of 137Cs and beta-spectrometry for the determination of the relative activity of 90Sr in order to choose the contamination range for the studies; Tea Bag Іndex (TBI), the standard glob- ally accepted method to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition; gas chromatography – to determine the impact of the investigated factors on the formation of the biomass of microorganisms by means of the СО2 production potential; classic microbiological methods, using elective media to estimate the population densities of culturable microbial decomposers. Results. The studies (from April to September 2021) comprised two soils with different radioactive contamination ranges: Range No. 1 in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region (the village Khrystynivka, 3 sampling points) in the unconditional (obligatory) resettlement zone after the catastrophe in the Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) (it has an absorbed dose rate gradient, evaluated for soil microorganisms, from 0.2 μGy/h (at sampling point Narodychi-1: 51,24076°N, 29,21497°E) to 1.57 μGy/h (at sampling point Naro- dychi-3: 51,23815°N, 29,22245°E)), located on the agricultural field, abandoned after the catastrophe and Range No. 2, located on the afforested area, directly bordering the territory of the so-called Red Forest in the ChNPP ex- clusion zone (4 sampling points – the first three points – natural ecosystems, and 4th – pyrogenically transformed territory after fires in 2020) with the absorbed dose rate gradient from 3.7 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-1: 51,38595°N, 30,03035°E) to 84.0 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-4: 51,38231°N, 30,03298°E). The dependence of the studied indicators on the gradient of soil contamination with radionuclides was demonstrated and these are the conditions that the difference is more than 400 times in the values of the ionizing radiation absorbed dose rates formed by radionuclides in soil. In Range No. 1 (on the fallow land), with the increase in the dose rate up from 0.2 to 1.57 μGy/h, there was statistically significant increase of mineralization coefficient and percentage of reduced weight of rooibos tea between the least and most contaminated sampling points), stimulation of the development of micromycetes (by 1.2–2.3 times), cellulose-decomposing bacteria (by 7.1–7.9 times), and ammonifying bacteria (by 1.8–6.3 times) due to a significant increasing the number of colony-forming units in points with higher radio- nuclide contamination and an increase of microbial biomass in soil more than twofold between the least and most contaminated sampling point of Range No. 1.In Range No. 2, in the ChNPP exclusion zone, characterized by low parameters of sod-podzolic soil fertility (humus content from 1.2 ± 0.
{"title":"Impact of radioactive contamination of soils on the diversity of micropopulation and the transformation of organic substances","authors":"I. Gudkov, I. Volkohon, V. Illienko, M. Lazarev, A. Klepko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of different levels of radioactive contamination on the organic matter decomposition and\u0000the population development of microbial decomposers of organic matter in soil. Methods. Gamma-spectrometry\u0000for the determination of the relative activity of 137Cs and beta-spectrometry for the determination of the relative\u0000activity of 90Sr in order to choose the contamination range for the studies; Tea Bag Іndex (TBI), the standard glob-\u0000ally accepted method to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition; gas chromatography – to determine\u0000the impact of the investigated factors on the formation of the biomass of microorganisms by means of the СО2\u0000production potential; classic microbiological methods, using elective media to estimate the population densities\u0000of culturable microbial decomposers. Results. The studies (from April to September 2021) comprised two soils\u0000with different radioactive contamination ranges: Range No. 1 in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region (the village\u0000Khrystynivka, 3 sampling points) in the unconditional (obligatory) resettlement zone after the catastrophe in the\u0000Chornobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) (it has an absorbed dose rate gradient, evaluated for soil microorganisms,\u0000from 0.2 μGy/h (at sampling point Narodychi-1: 51,24076°N, 29,21497°E) to 1.57 μGy/h (at sampling point Naro-\u0000dychi-3: 51,23815°N, 29,22245°E)), located on the agricultural field, abandoned after the catastrophe and Range\u0000No. 2, located on the afforested area, directly bordering the territory of the so-called Red Forest in the ChNPP ex-\u0000clusion zone (4 sampling points – the first three points – natural ecosystems, and 4th – pyrogenically transformed\u0000territory after fires in 2020) with the absorbed dose rate gradient from 3.7 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-1:\u000051,38595°N, 30,03035°E) to 84.0 μGy/h (at sampling point ChEZ-4: 51,38231°N, 30,03298°E). The dependence\u0000of the studied indicators on the gradient of soil contamination with radionuclides was demonstrated and these are\u0000the conditions that the difference is more than 400 times in the values of the ionizing radiation absorbed dose rates\u0000formed by radionuclides in soil. In Range No. 1 (on the fallow land), with the increase in the dose rate up from 0.2\u0000to 1.57 μGy/h, there was statistically significant increase of mineralization coefficient and percentage of reduced\u0000weight of rooibos tea between the least and most contaminated sampling points), stimulation of the development\u0000of micromycetes (by 1.2–2.3 times), cellulose-decomposing bacteria (by 7.1–7.9 times), and ammonifying bacteria\u0000(by 1.8–6.3 times) due to a significant increasing the number of colony-forming units in points with higher radio-\u0000nuclide contamination and an increase of microbial biomass in soil more than twofold between the least and most\u0000contaminated sampling point of Range No. 1.In Range No. 2, in the ChNPP exclusion zone, characterized by low\u0000parameters of sod-podzolic soil fertility (humus content from 1.2 ± 0.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49596054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To study the mutual relations between different soybean cultivars and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains after mixed inoculation, to evaluate the impact of the introduced microorganisms on the local rhizobial communities in soil, the formation and functioning symbiotic systems, and productivity of soybean. Methods. Microbiological and serological methods; field experiment, gas chromatography and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. A small- plot field experiment demonstrated that the use of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and B. japonicum КВ11 strains pro- moted a more even distribution of the local and introduced rhizobia in the nodule populations of 12 soybean cultivars of different geographic origin. There was no domination of particular strains in the nodules, and the symbiotic systems formed were more balanced than the control without inoculation. After inoculation of the above-mentioned mixture, in most cultivars there was a considerable increase in the number of nodules (10–45 % more) and their mass (11–86 % increase). There was also an increase in the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 1.2–4.2 times and an increase in the weight of grain per plant by 6–29 % (depending on the cultivar). The efficiency of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and КВ11 strains in a preparation Rizogumin was confirmed in extensive field trials with soybean on an area of about 60 thousand ha in different regions of Ukraine. In the background of the local populations of the soybean nodulating bacteria in the areas, the application of the formulated mixture of the two rhizobia strains ensured a stable increase by 15–33 % in the soybean yield as compared with the control without the inoculation. Conclusions. A novel approach was investigated, which lies in the application of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 (genetic group USDA 6) and B. japoni- cum КВ11 (genetic group USDA 123) strains for different soybean cultivars inoculation. Combining these two strains and their introduction into agrocenoses ensured the formation of a balanced symbiotic systems (without clear domina- tion of some strains in the nodules). This was expressed in an intensified nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and increased yield of different cultivars of soybeans by 15–33 % as compared to the control (without inoculation).
{"title":"Symbiotic interaction between a mixture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and different soybean cultivars","authors":"D. Krutylo","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the mutual relations between different soybean cultivars and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains\u0000after mixed inoculation, to evaluate the impact of the introduced microorganisms on the local rhizobial communities\u0000in soil, the formation and functioning symbiotic systems, and productivity of soybean. Methods. Microbiological and\u0000serological methods; field experiment, gas chromatography and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. A small-\u0000plot field experiment demonstrated that the use of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 and B. japonicum КВ11 strains pro-\u0000moted a more even distribution of the local and introduced rhizobia in the nodule populations of 12 soybean cultivars\u0000of different geographic origin. There was no domination of particular strains in the nodules, and the symbiotic systems\u0000formed were more balanced than the control without inoculation. After inoculation of the above-mentioned mixture,\u0000in most cultivars there was a considerable increase in the number of nodules (10–45 % more) and their mass (11–86\u0000% increase). There was also an increase in the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 1.2–4.2 times and an increase\u0000in the weight of grain per plant by 6–29 % (depending on the cultivar). The efficiency of a mixture of B. japonicum 46\u0000and КВ11 strains in a preparation Rizogumin was confirmed in extensive field trials with soybean on an area of about\u000060 thousand ha in different regions of Ukraine. In the background of the local populations of the soybean nodulating\u0000bacteria in the areas, the application of the formulated mixture of the two rhizobia strains ensured a stable increase by\u000015–33 % in the soybean yield as compared with the control without the inoculation. Conclusions. A novel approach\u0000was investigated, which lies in the application of a mixture of B. japonicum 46 (genetic group USDA 6) and B. japoni-\u0000cum КВ11 (genetic group USDA 123) strains for different soybean cultivars inoculation. Combining these two strains\u0000and their introduction into agrocenoses ensured the formation of a balanced symbiotic systems (without clear domina-\u0000tion of some strains in the nodules). This was expressed in an intensified nodulation, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and\u0000increased yield of different cultivars of soybeans by 15–33 % as compared to the control (without inoculation).","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Volkogon, A. Moskalenko, S. Dimova, K. Volkogon, L. Potapienko
Aim. To study the efficiency of inoculating spring barley with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Methods. 1) A field ex- periment on turfpodzolic sandy soil with different mineral fertilization regimes; 2) A greenhouse experiment on sand as substrate, with isotope dilution analysis using 15N; 3) A lysimetric experiment in a stationary lysimetric installation. Furthermore, chromatography to determine nitrogenase activity of bacteria in the root zone of plants, agrochemical, and statistical methods. Results. Under field conditions, the inoculation with A. brasilense 410 promoted a significant increase (37–103 %) in the nitrogenase activity in the “soil-plant” system without any mineral fertilization and (espe- cially) where N60P60K60 was used. A high fertilizer level (N120P120K120) lead to a long-term inhibition of the nitrogenase activity. In both cases (plants with and without inoculation with A. brasilense 410) this fertilization level showed an increase in the nitrogenase activity only at the end of the vegetation period. The highest increase in yield (0.7 t/ha, 27 %) in yield following A. brasilense strain 410 inoculation, occurred in plots with N60P60K60 fertilization; the least increase in yield (0.33 t/ha, 16.5 %) was observed in plots receiving no fertilizers. The pre-sowing inoculation led to an increase in the protein content of 0.3–1.0 % in the barley grain, especially when receiving high fertilization levels, enhancing its value for the use in cereals and feeds, but decreasing its value for its use in brewing. The green- house experiment with 15N established an increase 77.1 % in the nitrogen intake into the plants due to the activation of the nitrogen-fixation process and enhanced 29.5 % nitrogen consumption from fertilizers. The lysimetric studies demonstrated that inoculation of spring barley cv Nosivsky with A. brasilense 410 limited the vertical migration and leaching of nitrogen by 27–30 %, potassium by 13–30, calcium by 32–51 %, manganese by 33–100 %, and water-sol- uble organic matter by 46–75 %. Conclusions. The pre-sowing inoculation of spring barley cv. Nosivsky seeds with A. brasilense 410 intensifies nitrogen consumption by plants within 29.5 % due to active nitrogen-fixation and a better utilization of N from mineral fertilizers. The barley yield increase with 0.7 t/ha was in our limited experiment, using one cultivar roughly equivalent to the increase after mineral fertilization with N60P60K60. Thus, pre-sowing inoculation with A. brasilense 410 may lead to substantial reduction of the use of mineral fertilisers in practice.
{"title":"The effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain 410 on spring barley cv. nosivsky development and yield","authors":"V. Volkogon, A. Moskalenko, S. Dimova, K. Volkogon, L. Potapienko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the efficiency of inoculating spring barley with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Methods. 1) A field ex-\u0000periment on turfpodzolic sandy soil with different mineral fertilization regimes; 2) A greenhouse experiment on sand\u0000as substrate, with isotope dilution analysis using 15N; 3) A lysimetric experiment in a stationary lysimetric installation.\u0000Furthermore, chromatography to determine nitrogenase activity of bacteria in the root zone of plants, agrochemical,\u0000and statistical methods. Results. Under field conditions, the inoculation with A. brasilense 410 promoted a significant\u0000increase (37–103 %) in the nitrogenase activity in the “soil-plant” system without any mineral fertilization and (espe-\u0000cially) where N60P60K60 was used. A high fertilizer level (N120P120K120) lead to a long-term inhibition of the nitrogenase\u0000activity. In both cases (plants with and without inoculation with A. brasilense 410) this fertilization level showed an\u0000increase in the nitrogenase activity only at the end of the vegetation period. The highest increase in yield (0.7 t/ha,\u000027 %) in yield following A. brasilense strain 410 inoculation, occurred in plots with N60P60K60 fertilization; the least\u0000increase in yield (0.33 t/ha, 16.5 %) was observed in plots receiving no fertilizers. The pre-sowing inoculation led\u0000to an increase in the protein content of 0.3–1.0 % in the barley grain, especially when receiving high fertilization\u0000levels, enhancing its value for the use in cereals and feeds, but decreasing its value for its use in brewing. The green-\u0000house experiment with 15N established an increase 77.1 % in the nitrogen intake into the plants due to the activation\u0000of the nitrogen-fixation process and enhanced 29.5 % nitrogen consumption from fertilizers. The lysimetric studies\u0000demonstrated that inoculation of spring barley cv Nosivsky with A. brasilense 410 limited the vertical migration and\u0000leaching of nitrogen by 27–30 %, potassium by 13–30, calcium by 32–51 %, manganese by 33–100 %, and water-sol-\u0000uble organic matter by 46–75 %. Conclusions. The pre-sowing inoculation of spring barley cv. Nosivsky seeds with\u0000A. brasilense 410 intensifies nitrogen consumption by plants within 29.5 % due to active nitrogen-fixation and a better\u0000utilization of N from mineral fertilizers. The barley yield increase with 0.7 t/ha was in our limited experiment, using\u0000one cultivar roughly equivalent to the increase after mineral fertilization with N60P60K60. Thus, pre-sowing inoculation\u0000with A. brasilense 410 may lead to substantial reduction of the use of mineral fertilisers in practice.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48837307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To identify mutations and evaluate the mutation frequency in Nigella damascena L. cultivars (cvs) Bereginya and Charivnytsya (M2 and M3 generation), following treatment of their seeds with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and a new derivative of dimethyl sulfate, DG-2. Methods. Treated Nigella seeds of two cvs with the mutagens for 6 and 16 h and in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 % for EMS and NMU and 0.05 and 0.5 % for DG-2. Results. A wide range of mutations (59 types) was obtained, that was divided into six groups: five groups with changes in the morphological type and one group with changes in the physiological type. Among the detected mutations, there were both previously known mutations and those obtained in this culture for the first time. The high- est mutation frequency (30 %) affecting synthesis of chlorophyll and structure of stem, shoots and leaves and 20 % for physiological features, was registered for NMU at 16 h and 0.05 % in cv. Bereginya. However, this NMU concentra- tion appeared to be lethal for cv. Charivnytsya. Conclusions. The new mutagen DG-2 proved to be most effective for inducing mutations in the corolla petal color of nigella, namely 4.0 at a 0.5 % concentration of the mutagen and 16h exposure for cv. Bereginya and 4.0 % at the same concentration and exposure for cv. Charivnytsya. DG-2 caused a substantial number of mutations in all six mutation groups affecting morphological and physiological traits. The clas- sic mutagen EMS was also effective across the spectrum of mutation groups in our study; however, it caused mutations at a lower frequency. The maximum mutation frequency under influence of EMC at a concentration of 0.05 % and an exposure of 16 h in cv. Bereginya was 11.0 %, and in cv. Charivnytsya 8.0 %. For all three mutagens used, an increase in the concentration of the active substance and of exposure time led to an increase in the mutation frequency in N. damascena plants. We will select mutants with economically valuable traits, such as tall, lodging-resistant plants and early maturing ones, for further work on the development of new cultivars of N. damascena for industrial cultivation.
{"title":"Mutation types and frequency in Nigella damascena L. in the М2 and M3 generation, using ethyl methanesulfonate, nitrosomethylurea and a new derivative of dimethylsulfate, DG-2","authors":"Yu. O. Gubanova","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.049","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To identify mutations and evaluate the mutation frequency in Nigella damascena L. cultivars (cvs) Bereginya\u0000and Charivnytsya (M2 and M3 generation), following treatment of their seeds with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS),\u0000nitrosomethylurea (NMU) and a new derivative of dimethyl sulfate, DG-2. Methods. Treated Nigella seeds of two\u0000cvs with the mutagens for 6 and 16 h and in concentrations of 0.01 and 0.5 % for EMS and NMU and 0.05 and 0.5 %\u0000for DG-2. Results. A wide range of mutations (59 types) was obtained, that was divided into six groups: five groups\u0000with changes in the morphological type and one group with changes in the physiological type. Among the detected\u0000mutations, there were both previously known mutations and those obtained in this culture for the first time. The high-\u0000est mutation frequency (30 %) affecting synthesis of chlorophyll and structure of stem, shoots and leaves and 20 % for\u0000physiological features, was registered for NMU at 16 h and 0.05 % in cv. Bereginya. However, this NMU concentra-\u0000tion appeared to be lethal for cv. Charivnytsya. Conclusions. The new mutagen DG-2 proved to be most effective for\u0000inducing mutations in the corolla petal color of nigella, namely 4.0 at a 0.5 % concentration of the mutagen and 16h\u0000exposure for cv. Bereginya and 4.0 % at the same concentration and exposure for cv. Charivnytsya. DG-2 caused a\u0000substantial number of mutations in all six mutation groups affecting morphological and physiological traits. The clas-\u0000sic mutagen EMS was also effective across the spectrum of mutation groups in our study; however, it caused mutations\u0000at a lower frequency. The maximum mutation frequency under influence of EMC at a concentration of 0.05 % and an\u0000exposure of 16 h in cv. Bereginya was 11.0 %, and in cv. Charivnytsya 8.0 %. For all three mutagens used, an increase\u0000in the concentration of the active substance and of exposure time led to an increase in the mutation frequency in N.\u0000damascena plants. We will select mutants with economically valuable traits, such as tall, lodging-resistant plants and\u0000early maturing ones, for further work on the development of new cultivars of N. damascena for industrial cultivation.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44377644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Olifir, A. Habryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko, G. Konyk, N. Kozak, V. Lykhochvor
Aim. To study acid-base buffering capacity depending on the intensity of different fertilization systems, including lim- ing, with different doses of CaCO3 in a long-term (55 years) stationary experiment on Albic Stagnic Luvisol (light grey forest surface-gleyed soil). This study should serve as a basis for the restoration and protection of fertility and yield and preservation of ecological restorative functions of this soil type. Methods. Field stationary experiment, using monitoring, laboratory-analytical and statistical-mathematical methods. Results. It was found that after 35 years of a seven-field crop rotation the exclusion of the intensive crops of sugar beet, potato and one winter wheat, in combina- tion with low (2.5 time less) mineral fertilization levels, contributed to an increase in resistance to acidification over the next 20 years from 5.53 to 7.48 points (using a 100-point scale) with a simultaneous increase in soil рНКСl from 3.77 to 4.12. Organo-mineral fertilization (N65P68K68 + 10 t manure/ha of crop rotation area) and periodic application of CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity (6.0 t/ha) and an optimal dose of lime (2.5 t/ha CaCO3) increased pH buffering over these 20 years in a four-field rotation. The general evaluation index of buffering was 21.8–21.9 points, exceeding the virgin soil by 1.9 to 2 points. In the control variants without the use of fertilizers the general evaluation index of buffering was 14.3 ± 0.3, and the coefficient of buffer asymmetry was the highest – 0.646 ± 0.013, which under these conditions indicated the danger of soil losing its ability for self-regulation and self-healing. Conclusions. The resis- tance of Albic Stagnic Luvisol to acidification increased most in the combined application of N65P68K68 and 10 t/ha manure, together with an optimum calculated dose of lime in a 4-year crop rotation. An optimal dose of CaCO3 (2.5 t/ha) and organo-mineral fertilizing system in a 4-year crop rotation improved the soil buffering capacity of the acid shoulder by 2.45 points compared to the mineral fertilization system. To support a determination of acid-buffering effects graphic charts representing pH buffering capacity proved to be useful and could be instrumental in diagnostics and optimization of the acid-base regime for acid forest soils in general.
{"title":"An acid-base buffering model to describe pH buffering capacity of an acid albic stagnic luvisol under long-term agricultural land use and management","authors":"Y. Olifir, A. Habryel, T. Partyka, O. Havryshko, G. Konyk, N. Kozak, V. Lykhochvor","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study acid-base buffering capacity depending on the intensity of different fertilization systems, including lim-\u0000ing, with different doses of CaCO3 in a long-term (55 years) stationary experiment on Albic Stagnic Luvisol (light grey\u0000forest surface-gleyed soil). This study should serve as a basis for the restoration and protection of fertility and yield\u0000and preservation of ecological restorative functions of this soil type. Methods. Field stationary experiment, using\u0000monitoring, laboratory-analytical and statistical-mathematical methods. Results. It was found that after 35 years of a\u0000seven-field crop rotation the exclusion of the intensive crops of sugar beet, potato and one winter wheat, in combina-\u0000tion with low (2.5 time less) mineral fertilization levels, contributed to an increase in resistance to acidification over\u0000the next 20 years from 5.53 to 7.48 points (using a 100-point scale) with a simultaneous increase in soil рНКСl from\u00003.77 to 4.12. Organo-mineral fertilization (N65P68K68 + 10 t manure/ha of crop rotation area) and periodic application\u0000of CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity (6.0 t/ha) and an optimal dose of lime (2.5 t/ha CaCO3) increased pH buffering over\u0000these 20 years in a four-field rotation. The general evaluation index of buffering was 21.8–21.9 points, exceeding\u0000the virgin soil by 1.9 to 2 points. In the control variants without the use of fertilizers the general evaluation index of\u0000buffering was 14.3 ± 0.3, and the coefficient of buffer asymmetry was the highest – 0.646 ± 0.013, which under these\u0000conditions indicated the danger of soil losing its ability for self-regulation and self-healing. Conclusions. The resis-\u0000tance of Albic Stagnic Luvisol to acidification increased most in the combined application of N65P68K68 and 10 t/ha\u0000manure, together with an optimum calculated dose of lime in a 4-year crop rotation. An optimal dose of CaCO3 (2.5\u0000t/ha) and organo-mineral fertilizing system in a 4-year crop rotation improved the soil buffering capacity of the acid\u0000shoulder by 2.45 points compared to the mineral fertilization system. To support a determination of acid-buffering\u0000effects graphic charts representing pH buffering capacity proved to be useful and could be instrumental in diagnostics\u0000and optimization of the acid-base regime for acid forest soils in general.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49130266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To investigate the physiological and agrobiological responses of grapevines on different systems of training systems in row plantations depending on the planting density and the possibility of adjusting plants for non-irri- gated crop cultivation under cold semiarid climate. Methods. The field two-way experiment of 2 × 4 was applied to study the effect of two planting density variants (3 × 1.5 m; 3 × 1 m) and four vine training systems (when the horizontal cordon is located at the height of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m) on the parameters of the leaf area, leaf index, water loss through transpiration, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and the yield of Zahrei wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment data were processed using the analysis of variance. Results. The increase in the density of vine row plantations per area units from 3 × 1.5 m to 3 × 1 m enlarges the total leaf area, the exposed leaf area, water loss through transpiration, and yield weight, but these indices decrease in the evaluations per plant. The responses of grapevine to the training systems are similar and independent from the ex- perimental variants of planting density. At the height of the cordon of 0.4 and 0.8 m, the vertical shoot positioning enhances the potential of the photosynthetic capacity of the plantations, but this potential is realized only during the years with lower water deficit for plants. Free-growing shootings on the cordons, located at the height of 1.2 m, form the canopy architecture with relatively low water loss through transpiration which has a positive effect on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and yield, especially in dry years. The downward shoot positioning on the cordons of 1.6 m decreases the leaf area of the vines and creates the canopy architecture with increased transpiration which enhances the effect of the water deficit and has a negative effect on the productivity of plants. Conclusions. The agronomic methods of planting and training systems for grapevines ensure the management of the character of spatial shoot location, the formation of certain canopy architecture, and setting the parameters of the leaf area; their optimization mitigates the negative effect of water deficit and provides for adapting the plants for non-irrigated crops under semiarid climate. The positive effect of compacting plantations on crop yield was determined without irrigation in semiarid environments. The variant of planting density of 3 × 1 m decreases the yield on the vines on average by 12.1–31.0 %, as compared to the variant of 3 × 1.5 m. Yet, more dense plantations are remarkable for their yield, which is 18.5–61.3 % higher depending on the training system for vines. Under dry conditions, the most efficient system is the training system with the formation of the horizontal cordon at the height of 1.2 m and free-growing shoots. The system optimizes the leaf area density, and forms the canopy architecture with rather lo
{"title":"Responses of grapevines to planting density and training systems in semiarid environments","authors":"A. Shtirbu, I. Kovaleva, V. Vlasov","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the physiological and agrobiological responses of grapevines on different systems of training\u0000systems in row plantations depending on the planting density and the possibility of adjusting plants for non-irri-\u0000gated crop cultivation under cold semiarid climate. Methods. The field two-way experiment of 2 × 4 was applied\u0000to study the effect of two planting density variants (3 × 1.5 m; 3 × 1 m) and four vine training systems (when the\u0000horizontal cordon is located at the height of 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m) on the parameters of the leaf area, leaf\u0000index, water loss through transpiration, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of leaves and the yield of Zahrei\u0000wine grape cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). The experiment data were processed using the analysis of variance. Results.\u0000The increase in the density of vine row plantations per area units from 3 × 1.5 m to 3 × 1 m enlarges the total leaf\u0000area, the exposed leaf area, water loss through transpiration, and yield weight, but these indices decrease in the\u0000evaluations per plant. The responses of grapevine to the training systems are similar and independent from the ex-\u0000perimental variants of planting density. At the height of the cordon of 0.4 and 0.8 m, the vertical shoot positioning\u0000enhances the potential of the photosynthetic capacity of the plantations, but this potential is realized only during\u0000the years with lower water deficit for plants. Free-growing shootings on the cordons, located at the height of 1.2\u0000m, form the canopy architecture with relatively low water loss through transpiration which has a positive effect\u0000on the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and yield, especially in dry years. The downward shoot positioning\u0000on the cordons of 1.6 m decreases the leaf area of the vines and creates the canopy architecture with increased\u0000transpiration which enhances the effect of the water deficit and has a negative effect on the productivity of plants.\u0000Conclusions. The agronomic methods of planting and training systems for grapevines ensure the management of\u0000the character of spatial shoot location, the formation of certain canopy architecture, and setting the parameters of\u0000the leaf area; their optimization mitigates the negative effect of water deficit and provides for adapting the plants\u0000for non-irrigated crops under semiarid climate. The positive effect of compacting plantations on crop yield was\u0000determined without irrigation in semiarid environments. The variant of planting density of 3 × 1 m decreases the\u0000yield on the vines on average by 12.1–31.0 %, as compared to the variant of 3 × 1.5 m. Yet, more dense plantations\u0000are remarkable for their yield, which is 18.5–61.3 % higher depending on the training system for vines. Under dry\u0000conditions, the most efficient system is the training system with the formation of the horizontal cordon at the height\u0000of 1.2 m and free-growing shoots. The system optimizes the leaf area density, and forms the canopy architecture\u0000with rather lo","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48402927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Radchenko, Zh.z. Guralchuk, O. Rodzevych, M. Khandezhina, Y. Morderer
Aim. This work is devoted to the search for potential partners for the integrated application of flumioxazine in sunflower crops. This herbicide is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in weed plants. The resistance to this class of herbicides is not yet common today, compared to other classes. Therefore, the work is aimed at de- veloping flumioxazine-based herbicide compositions that effectively prevent the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Methods. The interaction effects, weed control efficiency, and crop selectivity were studied when flumioxazine was used in the mixtures with herbicides acetochlor and propisochlor (long-chain fatty acid synthesis (LCFAS) inhibitors), promethrin (electron transport (ET) inhibitor in photosystem 2 (PS 2) of chloroplasts) and fluorochloridone (inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis by blocking the activity of phytoendesaturases (PDS)) both in the experiments on sunflower crops and in greenhouse experiments using the model objects. Results. The studies have shown that when flumioxazine is applied with the ET inhibitor, promethrin, the interaction is antagonistic, resulting in poor weed control efficiency and sunflower yield decrease. The tank mixtures of flumioxazine with LCFAS inhibitors acetochlor and propisochlor provide high weed control efficiency but are low in selectivity for sunflowers. The interaction between flumioxazine and fluorochloridone within the recommended application rates is additive. The tank mixture of flumioxazine and fluorochloridone herbicides at the application rates of 55 and 500 g/ha, respectively, is selective for sunflowers. In terms of control efficiency of annual dicotyledons, this mixture of herbicides exceeded, and in terms of control efficiency of annual cereal weed species was only slightly inferior to the control integrated herbicide (metolachlor + terbuthylazine). In these application rates, flumioxazine and fluo- rochloridone provided sunflower yield on par with this complex herbicide. Сonclusions. Among the investigated herbicides, the optimal partner of flumioxazine for complex use in sunflower crops was the herbicide, inhibitor PDS, fluorochloridone. Given that flumioxazine and fluorochloridone differ in their phytotoxicity mechanisms but share a common spectrum of controlled weed species, the use of a mixture of these herbicides is a factor that minimizes the likelihood of the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.
{"title":"Effectiveness of using the mixtures of herbicides flumioxazine and fluorochloridone in sunflower crops","authors":"M. Radchenko, Zh.z. Guralchuk, O. Rodzevych, M. Khandezhina, Y. Morderer","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This work is devoted to the search for potential partners for the integrated application of flumioxazine in\u0000sunflower crops. This herbicide is an inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) in weed plants. The resistance\u0000to this class of herbicides is not yet common today, compared to other classes. Therefore, the work is aimed at de-\u0000veloping flumioxazine-based herbicide compositions that effectively prevent the emergence of herbicide-resistant\u0000weed biotypes. Methods. The interaction effects, weed control efficiency, and crop selectivity were studied when\u0000flumioxazine was used in the mixtures with herbicides acetochlor and propisochlor (long-chain fatty acid synthesis\u0000(LCFAS) inhibitors), promethrin (electron transport (ET) inhibitor in photosystem 2 (PS 2) of chloroplasts) and\u0000fluorochloridone (inhibitor of carotenoid synthesis by blocking the activity of phytoendesaturases (PDS)) both in\u0000the experiments on sunflower crops and in greenhouse experiments using the model objects. Results. The studies\u0000have shown that when flumioxazine is applied with the ET inhibitor, promethrin, the interaction is antagonistic,\u0000resulting in poor weed control efficiency and sunflower yield decrease. The tank mixtures of flumioxazine with\u0000LCFAS inhibitors acetochlor and propisochlor provide high weed control efficiency but are low in selectivity for\u0000sunflowers. The interaction between flumioxazine and fluorochloridone within the recommended application rates\u0000is additive. The tank mixture of flumioxazine and fluorochloridone herbicides at the application rates of 55 and 500\u0000g/ha, respectively, is selective for sunflowers. In terms of control efficiency of annual dicotyledons, this mixture of\u0000herbicides exceeded, and in terms of control efficiency of annual cereal weed species was only slightly inferior to\u0000the control integrated herbicide (metolachlor + terbuthylazine). In these application rates, flumioxazine and fluo-\u0000rochloridone provided sunflower yield on par with this complex herbicide. Сonclusions. Among the investigated\u0000herbicides, the optimal partner of flumioxazine for complex use in sunflower crops was the herbicide, inhibitor\u0000PDS, fluorochloridone. Given that flumioxazine and fluorochloridone differ in their phytotoxicity mechanisms\u0000but share a common spectrum of controlled weed species, the use of a mixture of these herbicides is a factor that\u0000minimizes the likelihood of the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43617423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Dolhalova, L. Burdeynyuk-Tarasevych, O. Zozulya, M. Lozinskyi, O. Hrytsev, M. Buzynnyi
Aim. To investigate the field resistance of collection spelt-like samples of the Chornobyl radio-mutants (RM) of winter wheat to Fusarium head blight and to determine the species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The resistance (in scores) of ten RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusar- ium head blight was determined in field conditions by visual inspection of plants using standard methods (Trybel et al, 2010). To determine the infection rate of the seeds, the biological method of seed germination in the rolls of filtration paper was used. DNA was extracted using the reaction kit AGROSORB NK (Agrogen Novo, Ukraine), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The molecular identification of the species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus was conducted with the commercial test systems “Fuzarioz zlakiv” (AgroDiagnostica, RU) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the real-time PCR. Results. The results of evaluating the field resistance of ten spelt-like RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusarium head blight are presented. The species composition of the Fusarium fungi as of 2016–2018 in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, namely in Kyiv, Cherkasy, Sumy, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, Poltava, Kharkiv, Ternopil, and Khmelnytsky regions is presented. To study the spe- cies composition of the Fusarium fungi, 639 seed samples of winter wheat were taken from the farms located in the territory of nine regions in the Forest-Steppe zone. The results of molecular identification of the infection rate in the seed material demonstrate the presence of seven out of eight fungi species under investigation: F. avena- ceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum during the years of studies. Yet, F. culmorum, F. langsethiae were not identified in 2017, and F. cerealis was not found during the study years, in 2016–2018. It should be noted that the most frequent incidence was found for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum, which was within the range of 25.8–44.0 %, and according to (Zhdanova, 2002) it refers to the group of frequently dispersed species. The results of the PCR diagnostics of the species composition of Fusarium fungi in Kyiv region, where field studies were conducted to evaluate the resistance of collection spelt- like Chornobyl radio-mutants in 2016–2018 (Bila Tserkva Breeding Research Station (BTBRS) of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS (Mala Vilshanka village, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) demonstrated the spreading of six species of Fusarium fungi: F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F. tricinctum, F. culmorum, among which high aggressiveness to the wheat spikelets was observed in F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum; medium aggressiveness – in F. poae, and low aggressiveness – in F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum. On the background of the obtained species diversity of th
的目标。目的研究乌克兰森林草原地区冬小麦放射性突变体(RM)对赤霉病的田间抗性，并确定赤霉病属真菌的种类组成。方法。在田间条件下，采用标准方法对植株进行目测，测定了10份冬小麦rmm样品对镰刀菌头疫病的抗性(以分值计)(Trybelet al .， 2010)。为测定种子侵染率，采用生物法测定种子在卷式滤纸中的萌发。根据制造商的说明，使用AGROSORB NK反应试剂盒(Agrogen Novo，乌克兰)提取DNA。根据制造商的说明，使用商业测试系统“Fuzarioz zlakiv”(agrodiagnostics,RU)，使用实时PCR对镰刀菌属真菌的物种组成进行分子鉴定。结果。本文报道了10个冬小麦品种的田间抗枯萎病性评价结果。本文介绍了2016-2018年乌克兰森林草原镰刀菌的种类组成，即基辅、切尔卡西、苏梅、文尼察、切尔诺夫西、波尔塔瓦、哈尔科夫、捷尔诺波尔和赫梅利尼茨基地区。为了研究镰孢菌的种类组成，从森林草原区9个地区的农场采集了639份冬小麦种子样品。种子材料中侵染率的分子鉴定结果表明，在研究的8种真菌中，有7种真菌存在:avena-ceum、F. culmorum、F. graminearum、F. langsethiae、F. poae、F. sporotrichiides、F. tricinctum。然而，F. culmorum和F. langsethiae在2017年没有被发现，F. cerealis在2016-2018年的研究期间没有被发现。值得注意的是，f.g raminearum、f.g avenaceum和f.g tricinctum的发病率最高，在25.8% - 44.0%之间，根据(Zhdanova, 2002)，它指的是频繁分散的物种群。2016-2018年，乌克兰国家农业科学院生物能源作物和甜菜研究所(基辅地区Bila Tserkva区Mala Vilshanka村)的Bila Tserkva育种研究站(BTBRS)对基辅地区镰刀菌进行了抗性田间研究，对该地区镰刀菌的种类组成进行了PCR诊断，结果显示有6种镰刀菌在传播:禾本科F. graminearum, avenaceum, sporotrichiides,F.;其中，对小麦小穗具有较强侵袭性的有:avenaceum、F. culmorum、F. graminearum;中等侵略性-在F. poae，和低侵略性-在F. sporotrichiides, F. tricinctum。在获得病害病原物种多样性的基础上，我们对10个冬小麦品种进行了田间抗病性评价，这些品种的抗病性在7.4 ~ 8.4分之间波动。在最有利于病害发展的气候条件下，2016年(从3月1日春季植被恢复到7月9日籽粒完全成熟期间，降水量达404.2 mm，超过常年指标175%)调查样品:RM-1、RM-3、RM-4、RM-5、RM-6、RM-9、RM-10的抗性超过标准品种Pisnia - 7.0分。结论。与镰刀菌的种类组成和地理分布有关的实地和实验室研究为假设在乌克兰森林草原的九个地区存在广泛的镰刀菌种复群提供了依据:F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum。利用镰刀菌群生物学特性与其所处环境的气候条件之间的密切关系，研究了2016-2018年10份收集的切尔诺贝利辐射突变体的抗性，并分离出5份冬小麦(RM-9、RM-5、RM-6、RM-10、RM-4)的抗性，这些样品对镰刀菌头疫病的抗性平均高于标准品种Lisova Pisnia。值得注意的是，在2016年有利于病原菌生长的天气条件下，RM-3和RM-4的抗性明显高于标准。我们将研究年份(2016-2018年)平均抗性指数较高的5个拼版型冬小麦样品(RM-9、RM-5、RM-6、RM-10、RM-4)引入育种计划，作为获得抗赤霉病品种的初始材料。
{"title":"Investigation of species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus and the resistance of the Chornobyl radio-mutants to fusarium head blight for the purposes of winter wheat","authors":"Y. Dolhalova, L. Burdeynyuk-Tarasevych, O. Zozulya, M. Lozinskyi, O. Hrytsev, M. Buzynnyi","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.051","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the field resistance of collection spelt-like samples of the Chornobyl radio-mutants (RM) of\u0000winter wheat to Fusarium head blight and to determine the species composition of the fungi of the Fusarium genus\u0000in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The resistance (in scores) of ten RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusar-\u0000ium head blight was determined in field conditions by visual inspection of plants using standard methods (Trybel\u0000et al, 2010). To determine the infection rate of the seeds, the biological method of seed germination in the rolls of\u0000filtration paper was used. DNA was extracted using the reaction kit AGROSORB NK (Agrogen Novo, Ukraine),\u0000according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The molecular identification of the species composition of the fungi\u0000of the Fusarium genus was conducted with the commercial test systems “Fuzarioz zlakiv” (AgroDiagnostica,\u0000RU) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the real-time PCR. Results. The results of evaluating the\u0000field resistance of ten spelt-like RM-samples of winter wheat to Fusarium head blight are presented. The species\u0000composition of the Fusarium fungi as of 2016–2018 in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, namely in Kyiv, Cherkasy,\u0000Sumy, Vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, Poltava, Kharkiv, Ternopil, and Khmelnytsky regions is presented. To study the spe-\u0000cies composition of the Fusarium fungi, 639 seed samples of winter wheat were taken from the farms located in\u0000the territory of nine regions in the Forest-Steppe zone. The results of molecular identification of the infection rate\u0000in the seed material demonstrate the presence of seven out of eight fungi species under investigation: F. avena-\u0000ceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum during the years\u0000of studies. Yet, F. culmorum, F. langsethiae were not identified in 2017, and F. cerealis was not found during the\u0000study years, in 2016–2018. It should be noted that the most frequent incidence was found for F. graminearum, F.\u0000avenaceum and F. tricinctum, which was within the range of 25.8–44.0 %, and according to (Zhdanova, 2002) it\u0000refers to the group of frequently dispersed species. The results of the PCR diagnostics of the species composition\u0000of Fusarium fungi in Kyiv region, where field studies were conducted to evaluate the resistance of collection spelt-\u0000like Chornobyl radio-mutants in 2016–2018 (Bila Tserkva Breeding Research Station (BTBRS) of the Institute\u0000of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS (Mala Vilshanka village, Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region)\u0000demonstrated the spreading of six species of Fusarium fungi: F. graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides,\u0000F. poae, F. tricinctum, F. culmorum, among which high aggressiveness to the wheat spikelets was observed in\u0000F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum; medium aggressiveness – in F. poae, and low aggressiveness – in\u0000F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum. On the background of the obtained species diversity of th","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42578275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Y. B. S. Yu. Bulyhin, O. Demydenko, M. Tkachenko, S. Vitvitsky, Ye. Zadubynna, M. Lisovyy
Aim. To determine the regularities in the formation of water-stable structure and to obtain the objective integral information about the process of break-up and consolidation of the water-stable structure under agrogenic and postagrogenic load on the main soil types of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method – the soils of chernozem type were investigated (seven chernozem-like soil types of different granulometric composition and humus content) in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the laboratory analytical method (wet sieving of soil structure), the mathematical-statistical method (non-parametric statistics, factor, cluster, and fractal analyses). Results. The analysis of the water stability of the structure of chernozem-like soils in the Forest-Steppe demonstrates the perspectives of using modern statistical methods: fractal, factor, cluster methods, and the method of non-parametric statistics, which demonstrates their sensitivity to insignificant changes in the distribution of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval. The soil types of postagrogenic maintenance form the distribution of water-stable aggregates, making up “prevailing” sizes of aggregates in the interval of sizes of 5–3 and 2–1 mm, which ensures the persistent state of the re-distribution where the index of Hurst has the values of H > 0.75. The agrogenic impact on soils changes the re-distribution of water-stable aggregates, destroying their natural distribution and ensuring the antipersistent state of the distribution with low stability (D > 1.43 and Н < 0.58). Under postagrogenic maintenance of soil types, there is a stable mutual connection between water-stable aggregates, structural units, and ESP (R = +0.78), and in the total of correlation relations, the direct and inverse correlation relations of R> ± 0.55 level are >30 % with the 1.5 to 1 ratio in favor of inverse proportion relations which ensures a high level of self-regulation for the hierarchical organization of the structural and water stable state. Conclusions. The determining index, characterizing the stability level of the water-stable structure, was found to be the content of water-stable aggregates of 3–1 mm and > 0.25 mm and the weighted average diameter of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval of sizes that demonstrated a strong correlation (R = ± 0.76–0.96 ± 0.02) with fractal dimensionality (D > 1.4) and the index of Hurst (Н) which allowed for forming a gradation scale for the evaluation of the water-stable structure and the degree of agrogenesis manifestation of soils in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In terms of the rate of agrogenesis manifestation via the formation of the degree of the water-stable structure, the soils of chernozem type were divided as follows: gray forest low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay soil on carbonate loess-like clay < typical low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay chernozem on loess-like clay <
{"title":"State of water-stable soil structure in the Central Forest-Steppe under agrogenic and postagrogenic maintenance","authors":"S. Y. B. S. Yu. Bulyhin, O. Demydenko, M. Tkachenko, S. Vitvitsky, Ye. Zadubynna, M. Lisovyy","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the regularities in the formation of water-stable structure and to obtain the objective integral information\u0000about the process of break-up and consolidation of the water-stable structure under agrogenic and postagrogenic load on the\u0000main soil types of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method – the soils of chernozem type were\u0000investigated (seven chernozem-like soil types of different granulometric composition and humus content) in the central part\u0000of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the laboratory analytical method (wet sieving of soil structure), the mathematical-statistical\u0000method (non-parametric statistics, factor, cluster, and fractal analyses). Results. The analysis of the water stability of the structure\u0000of chernozem-like soils in the Forest-Steppe demonstrates the perspectives of using modern statistical methods: fractal, factor,\u0000cluster methods, and the method of non-parametric statistics, which demonstrates their sensitivity to insignificant changes in the\u0000distribution of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval. The soil types of postagrogenic maintenance\u0000form the distribution of water-stable aggregates, making up “prevailing” sizes of aggregates in the interval of sizes of 5–3\u0000and 2–1 mm, which ensures the persistent state of the re-distribution where the index of Hurst has the values of H > 0.75.\u0000The agrogenic impact on soils changes the re-distribution of water-stable aggregates, destroying their natural distribution and\u0000ensuring the antipersistent state of the distribution with low stability (D > 1.43 and Н < 0.58). Under postagrogenic maintenance\u0000of soil types, there is a stable mutual connection between water-stable aggregates, structural units, and ESP (R = +0.78), and\u0000in the total of correlation relations, the direct and inverse correlation relations of R> ± 0.55 level are >30 % with the 1.5 to 1\u0000ratio in favor of inverse proportion relations which ensures a high level of self-regulation for the hierarchical organization of\u0000the structural and water stable state. Conclusions. The determining index, characterizing the stability level of the water-stable\u0000structure, was found to be the content of water-stable aggregates of 3–1 mm and > 0.25 mm and the weighted average diameter\u0000of water-stable aggregates within the agronomically valuable interval of sizes that demonstrated a strong correlation (R = ±\u00000.76–0.96 ± 0.02) with fractal dimensionality (D > 1.4) and the index of Hurst (Н) which allowed for forming a gradation scale\u0000for the evaluation of the water-stable structure and the degree of agrogenesis manifestation of soils in the Forest-Steppe of\u0000Ukraine. In terms of the rate of agrogenesis manifestation via the formation of the degree of the water-stable structure, the soils\u0000of chernozem type were divided as follows: gray forest low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay soil on carbonate loess-like clay <\u0000typical low-humus heavy-loamy light-clay chernozem on loess-like clay < ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. To study the effect of climate changes on the performance of cereals. Methods. Remote, statistical, and analytic methods. Climate changes were determined by the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface, calculated using the data of the infrared range (10.3–11.3; 11.4–12.4 μm) of the high precision radiometer AVHRR of the meteorological satellites of the Earth, NOAA. The effect of climate changes on the state of vegetation, including the phenological parameters, such as the beginning, the end, and the length of the vegetation peri- od, was determined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained using the data of infrared (0.72–1.1 μm) and red (0.58–0.68 μm) ranges of the abovementioned radiometer. The satellite data are openly accessed on the website of STAR NESDIS NOAA – Satellite Applications and Research of NOAA’s National En- vironmental Satellite Data Information Services of the National Ocean and Atmosphere Research Department of the USA – http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/VH/. The dynamics of СО2 concentration in the air was determined using the satellite data of AIRS/Aqua (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/AIRS3C2M_005/summary), the precipitation dynamics – using the data of ERA5 ECMWF/Copernicus Climate Change Service (https://devel- opers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_MONTHLY#description). The association be- tween the performance of cereals and satellite data was found by the method of correlation and regression analysis. Results. Using the satellite data, it was found that in 1982–2021, the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface reliably increased in the vegetation period (April–September), and the amount of precipitation tended to decrease in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The highest tempo of warming was observed in the territory of the Steppe. In general, the warming had a positive effect on the state of vegetation, according to NDVI, and on the performance of cereals. However, in the recent decade (2010–2020), the positive effect of the warming on the vegetation state decreased, and according to the NDVI trend, there has been a tendency towards the negative effect of the further increase in the temperature, which is especially remarkable for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe. On the contrary, the warming in the Polissia zone created the conditions for the increase in the performance of agri- cultural cereals. Conclusions. From 1982 till 2021, there was a strong tendency towards the increase in the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface in the vegetation period and the decrease in the precipitation amount in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. According to the NDVI data, due to the warming, the length of the vegeta- tion period increased by 14–21 days on average, which had a positive effect on the vegetation. Since 2010, the acceleration in the warming tempo has been observed. The average annual increase in the sum of the
{"title":"Dynamics of climate changes and its effect on the performance of cereals according to satellite data","authors":"O. Tarariko, T. Ilienko, T. Kuchma, V. Velychko","doi":"10.15407/agrisp9.02.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.02.064","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of climate changes on the performance of cereals. Methods. Remote, statistical, and\u0000analytic methods. Climate changes were determined by the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface,\u0000calculated using the data of the infrared range (10.3–11.3; 11.4–12.4 μm) of the high precision radiometer AVHRR\u0000of the meteorological satellites of the Earth, NOAA. The effect of climate changes on the state of vegetation,\u0000including the phenological parameters, such as the beginning, the end, and the length of the vegetation peri-\u0000od, was determined by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained using the data of infrared\u0000(0.72–1.1 μm) and red (0.58–0.68 μm) ranges of the abovementioned radiometer. The satellite data are openly\u0000accessed on the website of STAR NESDIS NOAA – Satellite Applications and Research of NOAA’s National En-\u0000vironmental Satellite Data Information Services of the National Ocean and Atmosphere Research Department of\u0000the USA – http://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/VH/. The dynamics of СО2 concentration in the air was\u0000determined using the satellite data of AIRS/Aqua (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/AIRS3C2M_005/summary),\u0000the precipitation dynamics – using the data of ERA5 ECMWF/Copernicus Climate Change Service (https://devel-\u0000opers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/ECMWF_ERA5_MONTHLY#description). The association be-\u0000tween the performance of cereals and satellite data was found by the method of correlation and regression analysis.\u0000Results. Using the satellite data, it was found that in 1982–2021, the sum of radiation temperatures of the earth’s\u0000surface reliably increased in the vegetation period (April–September), and the amount of precipitation tended to\u0000decrease in the zones of Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The highest tempo of warming was observed in the\u0000territory of the Steppe. In general, the warming had a positive effect on the state of vegetation, according to NDVI,\u0000and on the performance of cereals. However, in the recent decade (2010–2020), the positive effect of the warming\u0000on the vegetation state decreased, and according to the NDVI trend, there has been a tendency towards the negative\u0000effect of the further increase in the temperature, which is especially remarkable for the Steppe and Forest-Steppe.\u0000On the contrary, the warming in the Polissia zone created the conditions for the increase in the performance of agri-\u0000cultural cereals. Conclusions. From 1982 till 2021, there was a strong tendency towards the increase in the sum of\u0000radiation temperatures of the earth’s surface in the vegetation period and the decrease in the precipitation amount\u0000in Polissia, Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. According to the NDVI data, due to the warming, the length of the vegeta-\u0000tion period increased by 14–21 days on average, which had a positive effect on the vegetation. Since 2010, the\u0000acceleration in the warming tempo has been observed. The average annual increase in the sum of the ","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46719466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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