Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing of some Ukrainian isolates of SARS-COV-2 virus and analysis of its genetic variability","authors":"S. Nychyk, M. S. Mandygra, M. V. Bezymennyi, N. Hudz, A. Molozhanova, O. Tarasov","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim was to gain experience of the animal health services to detect and properly identify SARS-CoV-2 virus with whole-genome sequencing method and its genetic variability in Ukraine in relation to possible future spread of the virus in animals. Methods. Sixteen SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, not sequenced before, were pro- vided by the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. These samples were obtained from hos- pitalized patients from early October to mid-November of 2021. The viral RNA was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR positive (Ct 21-28) patients (males and females) with moderate and severe symptoms who were being hospitalized. The samples were fully anonymized. The Ion Torrent S5 instrument (Ox- ford Nanopore, the USA) was used to sequence the mentioned SARS-CoV-2 isolates, originating from Ukraine. TorrentSuite 5.16.1 was used for data processing and analysis. Nextclade 2.3.0 was used for phylogenetic analysis to locate the 6 sequenced samples on the global phylogenetic tree. It was determined phylogenetic relations be- tween tested 6 sequences and 495 verified sequences of high quality, reported in Ukraine and deposited in the GI- SAID EpiCoVTM database, (https://gisaid.org/) for the period of January 2020 – December 2022. In the compari- son of sequences obtained, the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (GenBank NC_045512.2) was used as a reference sequence, according to which the sequences were aligned. All studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Research Training Center for Animal Disease Diagnostics at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. Among the 16 isolates tested, all were confirmed to con- tain SARS-CoV-2 RNA, of which only six isolates were sequenced with sufficient quality and could be classified, five of them as Delta variants (two belong to lineage AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33), two to AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122), and one to AY.4.2.3 (B.1.617.2.4.2)), and one isolate as an Omicron variant (BA.1.18). Important mutations detected in our isolates were a S:N501Y substitution and S:H69 deletion in the gene of the virus envelope spike protein. Among the examined isolates, the Omicron variant (BA.1.18) was found to exhibit greater genetic variability, with over 60 mutations compared to previous variants. In our investigation, we identified mutations in the sequenced Delta variants too, ranging from 35 mutations in AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122) to 41 mutations in AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33) in the genome compared to the reference Wuhan-Hu-1 (MN908947) variant. Important mutations found regarding infectivity were 1) for the Delta variants: T478K, L452R mutations in the RBD region, and 2) for the Omicron variant: S371L, G339D, S375F, S373P, K417N, N440K, S477N, G446S, E484A, T478K, Q493R, Q498R, G496S, N501Y, and Y505H mutations in the RBD region. Conclusions. The whole-genome sequencing of 6 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus was p","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population dynamics of corn insect pests in Ukraine under climate change","authors":"O. Borzykh, L. A. Janse, V. Chaika, O. Bakhmut, V. I. Borisenko, S. Chaika","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.035","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the specificities of perennial dynamics in the number of the main corn insect pests in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine under climate change. Methods. The field, laboratory, mathematical methods were used. The materials of the phytosanitary entomological monitoring of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Con- sumer Protection (2005–2021) in the basic 161 enterprises in Ukraine’s regions using methodologically standardized annual registrations of the main harmful organisms of agrocenoses (Borzykh еt al, 2018). Six groups of the main corn insect pests were investigated: corn borers (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner), wireworms (Elateridae) and false wireworms (Te- nebrionidae), cutworms (Noctuida), southern dusty surface beetle (Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyllenhal), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner), and cereal aphids (Schizaphis graminum) Rondani. The database of the Hydrometeoro- logical Center of Ukraine was used to analyze climate parameters (2005–2021). The statistical analysis of the data was conducted using MS Excel and the linear correlation-regression analysis according to Pearson, Student’s criterion was used to evaluate the reliability (probability) of the correlation coefficients. Results. The results of correlational analysis of the state of populations of the main corn insect pests demonstrated that climate change has not considerably affected the number of corn borers as well as wireworms and false wireworms in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet. A reliable moderate reverse correlation (r = –0.309) was found between the number of cutworms and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) only for the Forest-Steppe conditions – under the increase in the SET, the number of these insects was smaller. The number of the southern dusty surface beetle was in direct, reliable, moderate correlation (r = 0.335) with the SET in the Steppe, for instance, the pest responded to the increase in the SET with the rise in its number. The number of cotton bollworms in Polissia was in reliable moderate correlation (r = –0.489) with the SET. The number of cereal aphids was in a reliable moderate direct correlation (r = 0.529) with the SET in Polissia: at the increase in the SET, the number of these pests was increasing. Conclusions. Conclusions: Climate changes do not considerably affect the state of the populations of the main corn insect pests in all the natural and climatic zones of Ukraine yet: we found the correlations between the number of insect pests and the SET which did not exceed such values as weak, moderate, and conspicuous. Significant changes in the state of insect pest populations should be expected if the sum of effective temperatures during the vegetation period will considerably affect the performance and feeding qualities of the cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between allelic differences of the fifth group chromosome loci and a complex of agronomically valuable traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"M. V. Halaieva, O. Pogrebniuk, O. V. Halaiev, V. Fait","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.03.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.03.061","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Characterization of recombinant inbred wheat lines by agronomically relevant traits and detection of asso-\u0000ciations between their expression level and allelic differences of microsatellite loci of the fifth group chromosomes.\u0000Methods. Phenological observations, morphometric indicators, and elements of crop structure. Statistical analysis of\u0000the obtained data was carried out in Microsoft Excel. The significance of the difference between samples was assessed\u0000by Fisher’s F test. A difference of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all indicators. Results. The poly-\u0000morphism of the parental genotypes and the population of 47 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) F7 from the crossing of\u0000the winter wheat varieties Luzanivka odeska and Odeska chervonokolosa over three years (2016–2018) in conditions\u0000of the Southern Steppe (Odesa) was evaluated according to eight characteristics: duration of a period prior to heading,\u0000plant height, productive tillering, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand-grain weight, productive\u0000tiller number per unit area and grain yield. The comparison of the data of line evaluation by agronomic traits against\u0000the data of microsatellite analysis of lines by 14 microsatellite loci of the fifth group chromosomes demonstrated the\u0000associations between several loci and grain yield and between two loci and plant height. Conclusions. The changes\u0000in grain yield in the most unfavorable year, 2018, were associated with allelic differences of lines at locus Xbarc319-\u00005A, and in the most favorable year, 2017, – with another locus of chromosome 5A, Xbarc330-5A. In both cases, the\u0000lines that had an allele from Odeska chervonokolosa were characterized by a significantly higher level of grain yield\u0000compared to the lines that had an allele from the Luzanivka odeska variety. There are at least two QTLs on 5B chromo-\u0000some, associated with winter wheat grain yield in favorable growing years. The first of them is located in the region\u0000of locus Xbarc88-5B, and the second – in the region of loci Xwmc415-5B, Xgpw3191-5B, and Xcfd7-5B. Based on the\u0000alleles of the specified microsatellite loci, which are linked QTLs of grain yield, it is possible to select genotypes at the\u0000early stages of selection that will give a higher yield in years with favorable conditions for growing wheat.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the breeding value of leaf lettuce mutant lines according to the correlation between the manifestation of qualitative and quantitative traits","authors":"S. I. Kondratenko, O. P. Samovol, S. M. Kormosh, I. M. Mytenko, O. V. Poznyak, L. V. Chaban","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.02.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.02.046","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To establish the effect of mutagenic factors on the formation of qualitative traits, defining the phenotype of the leaf blade, and to investigate the correlation between the manifestation of these factors and the variation of quantitative traits of breeding value in mutant lines of leaf lettuce. Methods. Non-parametric statistical and criteria of difference for biological specimens, computational and analytical calculations, correlation analysis. Results. The comparative analysis was conducted on the qualitative characteristics of the original leaf blade form of leaf lettuce, Zhnych variety, alongside 14 mutant lines derived from it through the application of mutagenic agents, including dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and its derivatives (D3MU, DMU-10А, and DMU-9) in two varying concentrations. Notably, the derivatives of DMS exhibited superior mutagenic efficiency, leading to a four to fivefold increase in the number of mutant plant forms compared to the reference compound DMS. Among the derivatives, D3MU proved the most effective, generat- ing five mutant lines. In contrast, DMU-10A and DMU-9 yielded four mutant lines, while DMS produced only one mutant line. All mutant lines exhibited distinct variations from the initial form across 17 qualitative characteristics determining leaf blade phenotype. The analysis of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rs) demonstrated weak to moderate correlation (rs = –0.08...0.62) between the original form and mutant lines. It was determined that three lettuce lines, namely B-7, B-22, and B-38, exhibited the most significant deviations from the initial form in term of leaf blade qualitative traits. Furthermore, it was established that non-parametric indicators of qualitative traits expression exhibited moderate or high correlation (rs = 0.57...0.74) with an essential quantitative trait – the duration from the emergence of mass shoots to plant stem development in mutant lines. Conclusions. The identified correlations between quantitative and qualitative traits provide the opportunity to predictably select mutant genotypes with extended growth period during the early stages of lettuce plant ontogenesis in future breeding work.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and traits of leaves assimilation surface of winter wheat","authors":"G. O. Priadkina, N. M. Makharynska, D. V. Konovalov","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine markers of drought tolerance based on the analysis of the traits leaves assimilation surface in 6 va- rieties of winter wheat with near drought tolerance under conditions of field drought in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Traits of leaves assimilation surface was determined used field, morphometric, phenological and spectrophotometric methods. Results. Under conditions of field drought during the grain filling period the dry weight of flag leaf and of all green leaves of the main shoot of 2 high-yielding varieties (Kyivska 17 and Horodnytsia) at anthesis and milk ripeness were higher, than that of 4 others on average over 3 years. The specific weight of the flag leaves of the main shoot and chlorophyll content slightly differed in the studied varieties. The variability of the dry weight of flag leaf and of all green leaves of the main shoot of winter wheat varieties at anthesis and at milk ripeness was greater than the variability of their chlorophyll content it was found. A close correlation between the dry weight of flag leaf at anthesis and at milk ripeness, as well as all green leaves, with the yield (r = 0.658–0.837) was established. Conclutions. The higher yield of winter wheat varieties with a higher leaf dry weight under drought conditions may be due to the formation of a more amount of photoassimilates, which can be used both for root growth (water deficit avoidance strategy) and for the storage of reserved assimilates in the stem (strategy of create reserves for further filling of grain). The dry weight of flag leaf of the main shoot at anthesis can be used as a morphometric marker of drought tolerance, given the close correlation with the yield and the simplicity and convenience of determinations in the field.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specificities of accumulation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-3 and ω-6 families in the tissues of bulls after supplementing their diet with the sources of fatty acids and mineral elements","authors":"O. B. Diachenko, J. F. Rivis, G. V. Tesak, O. I. Stadnytska","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.02.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.02.062","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the intensity of growth of fattening bulls and the specificities of the accumulation of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids from the ω-3 and ω-6 families in their tissues after supplementing their diet with the sources of essential fatty acids and copper sulfate to increase their meat productivity and improve the biological value of beef. Methods. The study was conducted using the methodological approaches, common for international practice in accordance with the requirements of ISO 17025, and using the conventional methods of peer groups involving clinically healthy animals. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families was determined by gas chro- matography using the Chrom-5 device. Copper content was determined by the method of atomic absorption spectro- photometry using the Selmi C-115 M1 device. Results. It was found that the introduction of linseed oil (as a source of α-linolenic acid, which is a precursor of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family) and sunflower oil (as a source of linoleic acid, which is a precursor of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-6 family), the synthetic substance doxane (as an inhibitor of biohydrogenation processes in unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen) and pentahydrate copper sulfate (as a source of copper) to the diet of young fattening cattle caused a probable increase in the content of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 family and copper in their liver and skeletal muscles. At the same time, the increase in the content of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and copper in the abovementioned tissues due to the stimulation of metabolic processes in the body contributed to a probable increase in the average daily weight gain of young fattening animals. Thus, there was a direct relationship between the content of α-linolenic and linoleic acids and copper in the diet and their content in the tissues of experimental animals, productivity characteristics, and biological value of beef. Conclusions. The introduction of a mixture of linseed and sunflower oils into the diet of fattening bulls led to an increase in the content of α-linolenic and linoleic acids and a 1.7-fold decrease in the ratio between essential polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-6 family and that of the ω-3 family. The increase in the content of copper and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-6 and ω-3 families in the diet of fattening bulls led to their accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscles, which contributed to the enhanced biological value of beef.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheriting the resistance of sunflower to tribenuron methyl under insufficient humidification in the southern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"A. S. Ilchenko, B. F. Varenyk, N. P. Lamary, S. I. Karapira","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.02.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. This study aimed to investigate the inheritance of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides in sunflower under conditions of insufficient humidification in the southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Isolation, castration, hybridization, herbicide application (Granstar Pro 75 % w.g., containing tribenuron methyl as the active substance (a.s.)), evaluation of herbicide resistance, and statistical analysis of the acquired data. Results. The investigation into the inheritance of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides involved the utilization of both resistant (SURES-1, OS 1099 V, OS 2017 V) and non-resistant (Od 1002 B, Od 1318 V, OS 1295 V) sunflower genotypes. Through crossing, four F1 hybrid combinations were generated, namely OS 2017 V × OS 1099 V, SURES-1 × Od 1002 B, SURES-1 × Od 1318 V, and Od 1318 V x OS 1295 V. Subsequent treatment of F1 plants with the herbicide Granstar Pro 75 % w.g. revealed that three combinations (OS 2017 V × OS 1099 V, SURES-1 × Od 1002 B, SURES-1 × Od 1318 V) exhibited complete resistance to the herbicide. In the second generation, following herbicide treatment, the hybrid combinations SURES-1 × Od 1002 B and SURES-1 × Od 1318 V displayed segregation into resistant and non-resistant plants. Conversely, the plants in the combination OS 2017 V × OS 1099 V maintained complete resistance to the herbicidal effects. Conclusions. The investigation, conducted in the challenging climatic conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine, demonstrated complete resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides in three hybrid combinations of both F1 and F2 generations. Notably, the combination OS 2017 V × OS 1099 V exhibited uniform resistance throughout the second generation, devoid of segregation. Moreover, the results of F2 segregation analysis in the SURES-1 × Od 1002 B and SURES-1 × Od 1318 V populations indicated that resistance to tribenuron methyl is primarily governed by the presence of a dominant gene allele. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of sunflower hybrids with enhanced herbicide resistance, particularly in regions with adverse climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield shortfall of cereals in Ukraine caused by the change in air temperature and precipitation amount","authors":"V. Balabukh","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.01.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.01.031","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To determine the trends in precipitation patterns, the precipitation productivity, and the cumulative impact of\u0000the change in air temperature and precipitation levels on cereal yield, including corn and spring barley, throughout the\u0000vegetation cycle stages. Furthermore, the examination of the alterations in the climate suitability, crop yield shortfall,\u0000and their specific characteristics within in the soil-climatic zones of Ukraine during 1981–2010 years Methods. In\u0000order to accomplish the outlined aims conventional and more specific research methods were used: 1) An analytical-\u0000synthetic approach – to examine the existing state-of-the art research; 2) A statistical approach – to assess the intensity\u0000and significance of changes in agroclimatic conditions pertaining to crop cultivation; 3) A comparative analysis – to\u0000determine the specificities mentioned under 2) in soil-climatic zones of Ukraine and in different stages of plant development; 4) A climatic approach – to characterize precipitation levels and to evaluate their impact on crop productivity;\u00005) modelling – to assess the effect of changes in precipitation amounts on the productivity of corn and spring barley,\u0000to assess the cumulative impact of the variations in surface temperature and precipitation on climate productivity\u0000and yield shortfall of these crops; 6) application of abstract and logical method – to formulate the generalizations\u0000and draw conclusions based on the findings. Results. During the years 1981–2010, Ukraine experienced changes in\u0000precipitation patterns and increased air temperature throughout the vegetation cycle of corn and spring barley in different soil-climatic zones. These changes had implications for climate suitability and crop productivity. In the Polis-\u0000sia region, although there were increases in precipitation during most of the crops` growth cycle, the changes were\u0000insignificant and had a minimal impact on crop productivity, except during certain periods. Similarly, the cumulative\u0000coefficient of temperature and precipitation productivity showed low probability for changes in climate suitability and\u0000yield shortfalls in the entire Polissia region, maintaining avorable cultivation conditions for corn and spring barley.\u0000In the Forest-Steppe region, precipitation changes varied. There was an increase in the amount of precipitation in the\u0000western Forest-Steppe. The speed of these changes was 10–20 % in 10 years in certain areas, leading to decreased corn\u0000and spring barley productivity by 3–6 % over the same duration. The central Forest-Steppe witnessed increases and\u0000decreases in precipitation levels during specific crop development stages, negatively impacting productivity. The eastern Forest-Steppe had increased precipitation deficits during the vegetation cycle, resulting in reduced productivity.\u0000Overall, the changes in precipitation and the increased air temperature had unfavorable effects on field crop cultivation\u0000in the Forest-Steppe, particularly in the c","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49523711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of the morphofunctional state of rats lungs with experimental fibrosis through transplanted stem cells","authors":"A. Mazurkevych, Y. Surtaieva","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To investigate the therapeutic effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow on the restoration experimentally damaged lung tissue in rats with induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods. Female Wistar rats were utilized in the study. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced experimentally in the animals by administering bleomycin hydrochloride via transthoracic injection during a 45-day preparatory period. At the end of this period, all animals exhibited clinically manifested symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis. To assess the changes in the organism due to pulmonary fibrosis, blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage samples, and lung tissue were randomly collected from five affected animals. The remaining animals were divided into four experimental groups, each consisting of five animals. In the first experimental group, allogeneic MSC were administered intrathoracically. In the second experimental group, allogeneic MSC were administered intravenously. The third experimental group received conventional treatment using medication, while the fourth experimental group (control) received placebo intrathoracically, without any active agents. Additionally, a separate fifth experimental group comprised intact (healthy) animals. The stem cells used in the experiments were obtained from the bone marrow samples of young, clinically healthy donor rats’ tibia, humerus, or femur (Mazurkevych et al, 2014). Throughout the 45-day experiment, the animals in all experimental groups were monitored using clinical examination indices. At the end of the testing period, the animals were eutha- nized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissue samples were collected for laboratory analyses. The analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage involved microscopic examination of the collected fluid to determine cell composition, while hematological analysis encompassed the quantification of erythrocyte and leukocyte counts. Histological examination of lung tissue samples involved microscopic analysis of the lung tissue histostructure. Results. Following the implementation of the proposed treatment methods, it was observed on day 45 of the experiment that transplanted allogeneic MSC facilitated an increased activity in the restoration of pathologically altered lung parenchyma. The effectiveness of this process varied depending on the method of MSC application. Notably, animals in the first experimental group exhibited the absence of symptoms such as coughing and hypoxia by day 45. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the indices of erythrocyte count to 7.18 ± 0.05 t/l (р < 0.001) and total leukocyte count to 10.6 ± 0.92 g/l (р < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed a complete restoration of lung tissue structure, reaching 90 % when compared to the control group. In the second experimental group, a significant decrease was noted in the total leukocyte count to 11.32 ± 0.48 g/l (р < 0.01) and erythrocyte count to 6.87 ± 0.18 t/l (р <","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45578067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation between mutualistic mycorrhiza and endophytic plant-fungus associations and their effect on host plants","authors":"A. Kyslynska, O. Nadkernychna, Y. Kopylov, H. Tsekhmister","doi":"10.15407/agrisp10.01.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp10.01.054","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. A review of the literature to establish the mechanisms of the main mutualistic interactions that are important for\u0000the potential application of symbiotic fungi as biofertilizers, bioprotectors and bioregulators for more sustainable and\u0000so-called greening agriculture, soil restoration and understanding the role of microsymbionts in natural ecosystems.\u0000Methods. Comparative analysis of scientific literature. Results. Root mycorrhization is a potent factor of plant growth\u0000intensification, metabolic processes activation and macro-organism development improvement. Mycorrhiza formation\u0000is notable for angiosperms and gymnosperms, yet many representatives of bryophytes, ferns, and mosses also reveal\u0000(other) close symbiotic relations with fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi account for about 10 % of identified fungal species,\u0000including essentially all of the Glomeromycota and substantial fractions of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. De-\u0000pending on the fungal structures and microsymbiont position in tissues or cells of the macrosymbiont, arbuscular,\u0000ericoid, arbutoid, monotropoid, orchid mycorrhiza and so-called ectendomycorrhiza, and ectomycorrhiza are distinguished. This review gives an overview of the signalling interaction between partners and the bidirectional mechanism\u0000of nutrient exchange or other mutual benefits. Conclusions. Microscopic saprophytic fungi, capable of penetrating\u0000plant roots and playing a critical role in plant adaptation to abiotic and biotic stressors, are of special interest in mutualistic symbioses. In addition, while forming mutualistic symbioses with plants, the saprophytic fungi promote bio-\u0000mass increase and enhance the food traits of plants. The type of interaction depends on both micro- and macrosymbiot;\u0000it may in some cases and for some organisms fluctuate from mutualistic, commensalistic to antagonistic, even parasitic\u0000interactions, demonstrating different stages of mutualism evolution and co-habitation and/or evolution of plants and\u0000fungi. A better understanding of the diverse roles of symbiotic microorganisms in ecosystems will improve the ways\u0000of their application in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":55933,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49568721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}