Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104074
O.J. Ojo-kupoluyi , T.T. Dele-Afolabi , S.M. Tahir
The renewable energy sector is undergoing a revolution, driven by the need for sustainable resources. Among these, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) stands out as a promising candidate for bioenergy, capable of generating electricity, bioethanol, and biogas. However, SCB storage and utilization face significant challenges due to its high moisture content (48–52%) after sugarcane crushing. This review explores the limitations of conventional SCB drying methods and introduces solar drying as an energy-efficient and eco-friendly alternative.
The conversion of SCB to bioethanol is further complicated by its recalcitrant structure, necessitating costly and sometimes toxic pre-treatment processes. This comprehensive study examines the current landscape and advancements in SCB pre-treatment techniques during bioenergy production. Additionally, it discusses innovative strategies to optimize cogeneration systems, aiming to boost surplus power export to the grid. By shedding light on these cutting-edge developments, this review aims to inspire further research and innovation in the quest for sustainable bioenergy solutions.
{"title":"Harnessing sugarcane bagasse for bioenergy production: Current status, optimization, and future directions","authors":"O.J. Ojo-kupoluyi , T.T. Dele-Afolabi , S.M. Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The renewable energy sector is undergoing a revolution, driven by the need for sustainable resources. Among these, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) stands out as a promising candidate for bioenergy, capable of generating electricity, bioethanol, and biogas. However, SCB storage and utilization face significant challenges due to its high moisture content (48–52%) after sugarcane crushing. This review explores the limitations of conventional SCB drying methods and introduces solar drying as an energy-efficient and eco-friendly alternative.</div><div>The conversion of SCB to bioethanol is further complicated by its recalcitrant structure, necessitating costly and sometimes toxic pre-treatment processes. This comprehensive study examines the current landscape and advancements in SCB pre-treatment techniques during bioenergy production. Additionally, it discusses innovative strategies to optimize cogeneration systems, aiming to boost surplus power export to the grid. By shedding light on these cutting-edge developments, this review aims to inspire further research and innovation in the quest for sustainable bioenergy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104074"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104060
Rufis Fregue Tiegam Tagne , Paolo Costa , Ameya Pankaj Gupte , Laura Corte , Sergio Casella , Lorenzo Favaro
Biohydrogen by dark fermentation using organic wastes is a promising technology towards energy transition and green economy. Unfortunately, H2 production is still limited as several parameters must be finely tuned. This study aims at the development of an efficient process to convert African lignocellulosic residues into H2. An alkaline H2O2 pre-treatment of coffee and pineapple skins, which are hugely produced as waste in many African countries, has been developed. The goal was to get simple sugars, under mild conditions, to foster H2 production. Once pre-treated, the feedstocks were converted by a heat-treated inoculum into H2 at two pH values (5.5 and 6.0). The results indicate that coffee and pineapple skins were efficiently transformed into H2 (up to 47.99 and 91.80 mL/gVS, respectively) at an optimal pH of 6 with a concentration of 1.25 % H2O2.
These results proved that H2O2 pre-treatment and the fine tuning of pH can be the key drivers to boost H2 production of lignocellulosic matrices. This combined approach performed successfully and stands for a promising way towards the optimization of the H2-producing processing from waste streams also in African countries. This will contribute to the United Nation (UN)’s ‘Agenda 2030’ for green energy and sustainable economic growth.
{"title":"Efficient production of biohydrogen from African lignocellulosic residues","authors":"Rufis Fregue Tiegam Tagne , Paolo Costa , Ameya Pankaj Gupte , Laura Corte , Sergio Casella , Lorenzo Favaro","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biohydrogen by dark fermentation using organic wastes is a promising technology towards energy transition and green economy. Unfortunately, H<sub>2</sub> production is still limited as several parameters must be finely tuned. This study aims at the development of an efficient process to convert African lignocellulosic residues into H<sub>2</sub>. An alkaline H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pre-treatment of coffee and pineapple skins, which are hugely produced as waste in many African countries, has been developed. The goal was to get simple sugars, under mild conditions, to foster H<sub>2</sub> production. Once pre-treated, the feedstocks were converted by a heat-treated inoculum into H<sub>2</sub> at two pH values (5.5 and 6.0). The results indicate that coffee and pineapple skins were efficiently transformed into H<sub>2</sub> (up to 47.99 and 91.80 mL/gVS, respectively) at an optimal pH of 6 with a concentration of 1.25 % H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</div><div>These results proved that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> pre-treatment and the fine tuning of pH can be the key drivers to boost H<sub>2</sub> production of lignocellulosic matrices. This combined approach performed successfully and stands for a promising way towards the optimization of the H<sub>2</sub>-producing processing from waste streams also in African countries. This will contribute to the United Nation (UN)’s ‘Agenda 2030’ for green energy and sustainable economic growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104060"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, two important categories of environmental protection and green energy production have been studied. In this way, agricultural waste has been used to prepare photosensitizers in order to reduce the waste produced in the agricultural and food industry in addition to introducing sustainable materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For this end, Eggplant peel, Sour cherry waste and Red grape waste, which are unavoidable sources of food industry, have been used to prepare natural sensitizer. Extraction was done in water and ethanol and used for FTIR, UV–Vis and CV analysis. The extracts had a bathochromic shift in ethanol compared to water. The CV test results showed that the extracts prepared in water and ethanol are suitable for use in the DSSCs. DSSCs was prepared using titanium dioxide as a semiconductor, extracts in water and ethanol, and platinum and GO/MoS2 nanocomposite in counter electrode. AM 1.5 light was chosen to study the photovoltaic performance and the prepared devices were evaluated. In this research, the effect of solvent and counter electrode on the DSSCs efficiency was investigated. The highest efficiency for the extract obtained from eggplant peel in ethanol and in the presence of platinum is about 1.49 %.
{"title":"Investigation of the use of food waste in renewable energy production: Extraction, fabrication and characterization of natural photosensitizers in DSSCs","authors":"Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad , Kamaladin Gharanjig , Mehdi Ghahari , Sohrab Nasiri , Mohsen Fathi","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, two important categories of environmental protection and green energy production have been studied. In this way, agricultural waste has been used to prepare photosensitizers in order to reduce the waste produced in the agricultural and food industry in addition to introducing sustainable materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For this end, Eggplant peel, Sour cherry waste and Red grape waste, which are unavoidable sources of food industry, have been used to prepare natural sensitizer. Extraction was done in water and ethanol and used for FTIR, UV–Vis and CV analysis. The extracts had a bathochromic shift in ethanol compared to water. The CV test results showed that the extracts prepared in water and ethanol are suitable for use in the DSSCs. DSSCs was prepared using titanium dioxide as a semiconductor, extracts in water and ethanol, and platinum and GO/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite in counter electrode. AM 1.5 light was chosen to study the photovoltaic performance and the prepared devices were evaluated. In this research, the effect of solvent and counter electrode on the DSSCs efficiency was investigated. The highest efficiency for the extract obtained from eggplant peel in ethanol and in the presence of platinum is about 1.49 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104066"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104069
Saeed Behzadi, Amir Bagheri
Incorporation of smart-grid technologies (SGTs) in today’s electric distribution networks (DNs) has enabled distribution network operators (DNOs) to have an on-line supervision over the network equipment for optimal operation. This paper proposes a new approach for optimal scheduling of active DNs aiming at minimizing the curtailment power of wind and photovoltaic (PV) units as renewable energy sources (RESs). This purpose is fulfilled by minimizing the imported power from the transmission network resulting in maximization of renewables usage and minimization of power loss. The conducted approach is based on dynamic line rating (DLR) and dynamic network reconfiguration (DNR) as flexibility options. A convex formulation is employed to incorporate the objective function and constraints into a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming (MIQCP) model which is solved by global optimum solvers in GAMS. The proposed model is applied to the IEEE 33-bus system under different case studies, and the simulation results are analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the maximum scheduling of wind and PV units’ is fulfilled with the minimum energy losses. By the aid of DNR and DLR in a coordinated manner, the renewables scheduling is increased by about 64% while the energy loss is reduced by 29% compared to the base case.
{"title":"Renewables usage maximization in automated distribution networks by coordinated operation of dynamic line rating and dynamic network reconfiguration","authors":"Saeed Behzadi, Amir Bagheri","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporation of smart-grid technologies (SGTs) in today’s electric distribution networks (DNs) has enabled distribution network operators (DNOs) to have an on-line supervision over the network equipment for optimal operation. This paper proposes a new approach for optimal scheduling of active DNs aiming at minimizing the curtailment power of wind and photovoltaic (PV) units as renewable energy sources (RESs). This purpose is fulfilled by minimizing the imported power from the transmission network resulting in maximization of renewables usage and minimization of power loss. The conducted approach is based on dynamic line rating (DLR) and dynamic network reconfiguration (DNR) as flexibility options. A convex formulation is employed to incorporate the objective function and constraints into a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming (MIQCP) model which is solved by global optimum solvers in GAMS. The proposed model is applied to the IEEE 33-bus system under different case studies, and the simulation results are analyzed. The obtained results indicate that the maximum scheduling of wind and PV units’ is fulfilled with the minimum energy losses. By the aid of DNR and DLR in a coordinated manner, the renewables scheduling is increased by about 64% while the energy loss is reduced by 29% compared to the base case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104069"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104075
Muhammad Amin , Hamad Hussain Shah , Muhammad Azhar Iqbal
Non-renewable resources of hydrogen (H2) production are major contributors to air pollution, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating environmental degradation. Therefore, the integration of renewable energy sources with of H2 technologies is crucial due to the pressing need to reduce carbon footprints, embrace cleaner energy alternatives, and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable, eco-friendly future. Solar energy has emerged as a promising source for H2 production. In addition, wind and geothermal energy resources have also been used to produce H2. These renewable resources are environmentally friendly, and cost-effective options have played a vital role in reducing carbon emissions. These systems are scalable and versatile, catering to varying demands for H2 production. However, intermittency, low energy density, and high initial costs are fundamental limitations that need to be addressed for efficient H2 production. This paper provides an insightful analysis of the environmental impacts of renewable energy technologies, specifically various fuel cells, solar, wind energy, and geothermal. It assesses the ecological footprints, highlighting the advantages and potential drawbacks associated with each technology. The comparative study seeks to not only underscore the environmental benefits of these renewables but also to address the challenges they pose, with a focus on enhancing their sustainability profile. This review paper also provides an insightful issues and challenges of H2 production through renewable technologies.
{"title":"Barriers to sustainable hydrogen production through renewable energy processes and their environmental impacts","authors":"Muhammad Amin , Hamad Hussain Shah , Muhammad Azhar Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-renewable resources of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production are major contributors to air pollution, acid rain, and greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating environmental degradation. Therefore, the integration of renewable energy sources with of H<sub>2</sub> technologies is crucial due to the pressing need to reduce carbon footprints, embrace cleaner energy alternatives, and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable, eco-friendly future. Solar energy has emerged as a promising source for H<sub>2</sub> production. In addition, wind and geothermal energy resources have also been used to produce H<sub>2</sub>. These renewable resources are environmentally friendly, and cost-effective options have played a vital role in reducing carbon emissions. These systems are scalable and versatile, catering to varying demands for H<sub>2</sub> production. However, intermittency, low energy density, and high initial costs are fundamental limitations that need to be addressed for efficient H<sub>2</sub> production. This paper provides an insightful analysis of the environmental impacts of renewable energy technologies, specifically various fuel cells, solar, wind energy, and geothermal. It assesses the ecological footprints, highlighting the advantages and potential drawbacks associated with each technology. The comparative study seeks to not only underscore the environmental benefits of these renewables but also to address the challenges they pose, with a focus on enhancing their sustainability profile. This review paper also provides an insightful issues and challenges of H<sub>2</sub> production through renewable technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104075"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104070
Marzieh Mokarram , Tam Minh Pham
The increasing global demand for renewable energy necessitates accurate forecasting methods to optimize wind energy production, particularly in regions with varying climatic conditions. This study addresses this need by utilizing advanced deep learning techniques and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to estimate the energy output of wind turbines. Specifically, it focuses on predicting the energy production of both horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) using a combination of Markov and Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) models, alongside deep learning methods such as long short-term memory (LSTM), LSTM-Wavelet, and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Additionally, the study evaluates the energy output of each turbine type, factoring in their construction costs within the study area. The analysis reveals significant variations in energy output over time, with maximum values increasing from 85,017 Wh in 2000 to 166,050 Wh in 2020 in the northern region, while minimum outputs also rose significantly. Projections for 2030 suggest that approximately 17% of the northern region experience a substantial increase in wind power potential. Among the forecasting methods, the LSTM-Wavelet hybrid model demonstrated superior accuracy, surpassing the 90% threshold, primarily due to its effective handling of data instability and noise reduction. This study underscores the potential of using sophisticated modeling techniques to enhance wind energy forecasting, contributing to more efficient energy management in regions with high energy demand and limited resources.
{"title":"Predicting wind turbine energy production with deep learning methods in GIS: A study on HAWTs and VAWTs","authors":"Marzieh Mokarram , Tam Minh Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for renewable energy necessitates accurate forecasting methods to optimize wind energy production, particularly in regions with varying climatic conditions. This study addresses this need by utilizing advanced deep learning techniques and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to estimate the energy output of wind turbines. Specifically, it focuses on predicting the energy production of both horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) using a combination of Markov and Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov) models, alongside deep learning methods such as long short-term memory (LSTM), LSTM-Wavelet, and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Additionally, the study evaluates the energy output of each turbine type, factoring in their construction costs within the study area. The analysis reveals significant variations in energy output over time, with maximum values increasing from 85,017 Wh in 2000 to 166,050 Wh in 2020 in the northern region, while minimum outputs also rose significantly. Projections for 2030 suggest that approximately 17% of the northern region experience a substantial increase in wind power potential. Among the forecasting methods, the LSTM-Wavelet hybrid model demonstrated superior accuracy, surpassing the 90% threshold, primarily due to its effective handling of data instability and noise reduction. This study underscores the potential of using sophisticated modeling techniques to enhance wind energy forecasting, contributing to more efficient energy management in regions with high energy demand and limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104070"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104067
Ping Li , Jianwei Du , Chen Li , Qiyu Yang , Junkai Zhang , Fei Yan , Xiaofeng Tong , Ligang Wang
Praseodymium-based perovskites, like Pr0.4Sr0.6Ni0.2Fe0.7Mo0.1O3-δ (PSNFM), has excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, making it suitable as a semiconductor material for reversible single-layer cell (RSLC) device, which can realize the electrochemical energy conversion and storage. To improve the electrocatalytic activity of PSNFM, Pr0.4Sr0.6Ni0.2Fe0.7Mo0.1F0.1O2.9-δ (F0.1-PSNFM), and (Pr0.4Sr0.6)0.95Ni0.2Fe0.7Mo0.1F0.1O2.9-δ (F0.1-(PS)0.95NFM) perovskite oxides are synthesized. In H2 atmosphere, it is found that NiFe10.8 alloy is deposited on the surface of reduced PSNFM and reduced F0.1-PSNFM, while NiFe alloy is deposited on the surface of reduced F0.1-(PS)0.95NFM, suggesting that the presence of A-site defects promoting the precipitation of metallic Ni. Moreover, the concentration of oxygen vacancies can be increased by both A-site defects and F- doping, which results from the reduction of average valence states of Ni, Fe, and Mo. This indicates that F0.1-(PS)0.95NFM has the highest number of oxygen vacancies serving as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites and the reduced F0.1-(PS)0.95NFM exhibits the best hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. For HOR, the rate-determining steps (RDS) on reduced PSNFM series semiconductor materials are charge transfer reaction and ORR process is controlled by a mixture of two elementary steps: the conversion of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen and the reduction of O to O-. The combination of A-site defects and F- doping has been found to have a synergistic effect, leading to a significant enhancement of the discharge power density in single-layer fuel cell (SLFC) as well as the water electrolysis current density in single-layer electrolysis cell (SLEC).
{"title":"Promoting bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and redox kinetics of praseodymium-based perovskite ceramic for electrochemical energy conversion and storage","authors":"Ping Li , Jianwei Du , Chen Li , Qiyu Yang , Junkai Zhang , Fei Yan , Xiaofeng Tong , Ligang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Praseodymium-based perovskites, like Pr<sub>0.4</sub>Sr<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>Mo<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (PSNFM), has excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity, making it suitable as a semiconductor material for reversible single-layer cell (RSLC) device, which can realize the electrochemical energy conversion and storage. To improve the electrocatalytic activity of PSNFM, Pr<sub>0.4</sub>Sr<sub>0.6</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>Mo<sub>0.1</sub>F<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2.9-δ</sub> (F<sub>0.1</sub>-PSNFM), and (Pr<sub>0.4</sub>Sr<sub>0.6</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>Mo<sub>0.1</sub>F<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2.9-δ</sub> (F<sub>0.1</sub>-(PS)<sub>0.95</sub>NFM) perovskite oxides are synthesized. In H<sub>2</sub> atmosphere, it is found that NiFe<sub>10.8</sub> alloy is deposited on the surface of reduced PSNFM and reduced F<sub>0.1</sub>-PSNFM, while NiFe alloy is deposited on the surface of reduced F<sub>0.1</sub>-(PS)<sub>0.95</sub>NFM, suggesting that the presence of A-site defects promoting the precipitation of metallic Ni. Moreover, the concentration of oxygen vacancies can be increased by both A-site defects and F<sup>-</sup> doping, which results from the reduction of average valence states of Ni, Fe, and Mo. This indicates that F<sub>0.1</sub>-(PS)<sub>0.95</sub>NFM has the highest number of oxygen vacancies serving as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites and the reduced F<sub>0.1</sub>-(PS)<sub>0.95</sub>NFM exhibits the best hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity. For HOR, the rate-determining steps (RDS) on reduced PSNFM series semiconductor materials are charge transfer reaction and ORR process is controlled by a mixture of two elementary steps: the conversion of adsorbed oxygen to lattice oxygen and the reduction of O to O<sup>-</sup>. The combination of A-site defects and F<sup>-</sup> doping has been found to have a synergistic effect, leading to a significant enhancement of the discharge power density in single-layer fuel cell (SLFC) as well as the water electrolysis current density in single-layer electrolysis cell (SLEC).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104067"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104040
Nitin Ralph Pochont , Y. Raja Sekhar , Miguel C. Brito , V. Tirupati Rao
Vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) technology for passenger cars is an interesting approach to achieving decarbonization in sustainable transportation. The eminence of VIPV is ascribed in faster growing economies as an on-board energy source for cars. Literature reports that the scope of VIPV is relatively unexplored in low-latitude tropical climatic regions of urban India. In this study, a real-time empirical assessment is performed to analyse the solar irradiance patterns over a vehicle driven in the urban layout of a Tier-II city of Vellore (12.9717°N, 79.1654°E) located in Tamil Nadu, southern India. The study was performed for six round trips in a day between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00p.m. (IST) during the autumn equinox season of the year. The vehicle’s interaction with an incessant sun path and hourly patterns of transient irradiation (TI) impacting the roof, bonnet, and vertical surfaces were investigated for each drive cycle. A significant drop in TI was observed by the shadow hindrance from buildings and obstacles in the urban scenario. Results conclude that a VIPV passenger car can generate an overall energy yield of 1.03 kWh per day, fostering an energy offset of ∼ 9.47 % that can enhance the vehicle’s drive range by ∼ 11 km in the analyzed conditions.
{"title":"Assessing the scope of vehicle integrated photovoltaics in urban driving conditions – Case study of a Tier-II city in southern India","authors":"Nitin Ralph Pochont , Y. Raja Sekhar , Miguel C. Brito , V. Tirupati Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) technology for passenger cars is an interesting approach to achieving decarbonization in sustainable transportation. The eminence of VIPV is ascribed in faster growing economies as an on-board energy source for cars. Literature reports that the scope of VIPV is relatively unexplored in low-latitude tropical climatic regions of urban India. In this study, a real-time empirical assessment is performed to analyse the solar irradiance patterns over a vehicle driven in the urban layout of a Tier-II city of Vellore (12.9717°N, 79.1654°E) located in Tamil Nadu, southern India. The study was performed for six round trips in a day between 9:00 a.m. and 3:00p.m. (IST) during the autumn equinox season of the year. The vehicle’s interaction with an incessant sun path and hourly patterns of transient irradiation (TI) impacting the roof, bonnet, and vertical surfaces were investigated for each drive cycle. A significant drop in TI was observed by the shadow hindrance from buildings and obstacles in the urban scenario. Results conclude that a VIPV passenger car can generate an overall energy yield of 1.03 kWh per day, fostering an energy offset of ∼ 9.47 % that can enhance the vehicle’s drive range by ∼ 11 km in the analyzed conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104040"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104056
By Seyyed M. Hasheminejad, Milad Naderi, Yasin Masoumi
<div><div>Flow-induced motion of underwater pipelines could beneficially serve as an excellent host for energy extraction in the modern information-based offshore and deep ocean environments that are reluctant towards the conventional means of external power supply. In this paper, a novel dual-functional hybrid tandem electromagnetic-piezoelectric (EM/PVDF) energy harvesting and VIV mitigation configuration is suggested and computationally implemented that is particularly suitable for powering large scale underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), subsea installations, and Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs). Furthermore, the key characteristics of major state-of-the-art energy harvesting technologies for powering UWSNs in the deep ocean monitoring applications are succinctly reviewed, while the basic practical design, implementation, and deployment issues and challenges of similarly adopted EM- and PVDF-based energy harvesting devices in the realistic ocean environment are briefly scrutinized. The proposed hybrid EM/PVDF hydrokinetic energy harvesting device is comprised of a linearly sprung EM-based near-bottom horizontal circular cylinder (as a representative of seabed pipeline) that is set in tandem arrangement within the close hydrodynamic interaction range near a downstream wall-mounted cantilever bimorph piezo-plate (PVDF) energy harvester. Detailed numerical simulations reveal the significantly enhanced synergetic energy extraction capability of the hybrid assembly by virtue of the flow field coupling effects between the two energy harvesting mechanisms over a relatively broad range of turbulent Reynolds numbers <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced><mo>.</mo></mrow></math></span> In particular, the time-averaged harvested power at the peak VIV-lockin Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> of the hybrid system <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is upgraded about 66 % in comparison to the virtual sum of the single-alone EM- and PVDF-based harvesters <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></mfenced><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> progressively increasing to about 92 % at the highest Reynolds number considered <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mr
{"title":"A novel pipeline VIV-based synergetic hybrid renewable energy harvesting system for sustainable underwater WSN and IoT applications","authors":"By Seyyed M. Hasheminejad, Milad Naderi, Yasin Masoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow-induced motion of underwater pipelines could beneficially serve as an excellent host for energy extraction in the modern information-based offshore and deep ocean environments that are reluctant towards the conventional means of external power supply. In this paper, a novel dual-functional hybrid tandem electromagnetic-piezoelectric (EM/PVDF) energy harvesting and VIV mitigation configuration is suggested and computationally implemented that is particularly suitable for powering large scale underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), subsea installations, and Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs). Furthermore, the key characteristics of major state-of-the-art energy harvesting technologies for powering UWSNs in the deep ocean monitoring applications are succinctly reviewed, while the basic practical design, implementation, and deployment issues and challenges of similarly adopted EM- and PVDF-based energy harvesting devices in the realistic ocean environment are briefly scrutinized. The proposed hybrid EM/PVDF hydrokinetic energy harvesting device is comprised of a linearly sprung EM-based near-bottom horizontal circular cylinder (as a representative of seabed pipeline) that is set in tandem arrangement within the close hydrodynamic interaction range near a downstream wall-mounted cantilever bimorph piezo-plate (PVDF) energy harvester. Detailed numerical simulations reveal the significantly enhanced synergetic energy extraction capability of the hybrid assembly by virtue of the flow field coupling effects between the two energy harvesting mechanisms over a relatively broad range of turbulent Reynolds numbers <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced><mo>.</mo></mrow></math></span> In particular, the time-averaged harvested power at the peak VIV-lockin Reynolds number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> of the hybrid system <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is upgraded about 66 % in comparison to the virtual sum of the single-alone EM- and PVDF-based harvesters <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></mfenced><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> progressively increasing to about 92 % at the highest Reynolds number considered <span><math><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mr","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104056"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104062
Bidattul Syirat Zainal , Kai Ling Yu , Hassan Mohamed , Hwai Chyuan Ong , T.M. Indra Mahlia
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a significant environmental challenge in Malaysia, necessitating effective wastewater management. This study explores innovative methods for treating POME, focusing on sustainable biohydrogen production. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the optimum conditions for substrate pretreatment using hydrothermal, a vital step in the bioconversion of biomass to hydrogen. Biohydrogen production was determined through a dark fermentation process using a Box-Behnken design to optimise the efficiency of substrate pretreatment temperature, holding time and POME percentage. This study found that the optimal conditions for hydrothermal pretreatment were achieved at 212 °C, with a 30 min holding time, and utilising 100 % POME. Under these conditions, the study performed a notable 78 % of chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency (CODrem.eff). Additionally, the process yielded 242 ml of total biohydrogen volume, with the final pH stabilised at 6.7. Microbial analysis showed that Chloroflexota phylum is dominant in the optimum sample, with the presence of T78 and Clostridia species. This research pioneers the hydrothermal pretreatment method for biohydrogen production, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing CODrem.eff and hydrogen yield, thus providing a sustainable solution to palm oil waste management.
{"title":"Hydrothermal pretreatment: A sustainable approach to biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent","authors":"Bidattul Syirat Zainal , Kai Ling Yu , Hassan Mohamed , Hwai Chyuan Ong , T.M. Indra Mahlia","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seta.2024.104062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm oil mill effluent (POME) poses a significant environmental challenge in Malaysia, necessitating effective wastewater management. This study explores innovative methods for treating POME, focusing on sustainable biohydrogen production. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the optimum conditions for substrate pretreatment using hydrothermal, a vital step in the bioconversion of biomass to hydrogen. Biohydrogen production was determined through a dark fermentation process using a Box-Behnken design to optimise the efficiency of substrate pretreatment temperature, holding time and POME percentage. This study found that the optimal conditions for hydrothermal pretreatment were achieved at 212 °C, with a 30 min holding time, and utilising 100 % POME. Under these conditions, the study performed a notable 78 % of chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency (COD<sub>rem.eff</sub>). Additionally, the process yielded 242 ml of total biohydrogen volume, with the final pH stabilised at 6.7. Microbial analysis showed that <em>Chloroflexota phylum</em> is dominant in the optimum sample, with the presence of T78 and <em>Clostridia</em> species. This research pioneers the hydrothermal pretreatment method for biohydrogen production, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing COD<sub>rem.eff</sub> and hydrogen yield, thus providing a sustainable solution to palm oil waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56019,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 104062"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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