Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments最新文献_第5页

Assessment of Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaics: A financial and environmental perspective 评估汽车集成光伏技术：财务和环境视角

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104042

Berke Ogulcan Parlak, Huseyin Ayhan Yavasoglu

Integrating photovoltaic (PV) technology into electric vehicles (EVs) promises an environmentally friendly transportation solution by increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles. On the other hand, the limited integration area of the vehicle causes PVs to have relatively lower power output. This situation creates a discussion about how reasonable a solution for PV-EV integration is from various perspectives. This study aims to provide a realistic assessment of PV-EV integration using manufacturer-provided data on solar-assisted EVs in the market. Assessments are examined in three categories: financial assessment based on payback period, environmental assessment based on carbon emissions, and usage-based assessment based on charging dependency. The findings indicate that the PV systems integrated into contemporary solar-assisted market vehicles demonstrate a return on investment within 8.7 years. From an environmental perspective, hybrid vehicles can provide up to a 12 % reduction in carbon emissions, while fully EVs can achieve reductions of up to 32.5 %. Usage-based assessments showed that PV-EV integration is especially advantageous for countries with low daily travel distances. According to the assessment, the use of PV panels in vehicles can potentially extend the usage time without recharging by up to 170 %.

将光伏（PV）技术集成到电动汽车（EV）中，可以提高汽车的能源效率，从而有望成为一种环保的交通解决方案。另一方面，由于车辆的集成面积有限，光伏发电的功率输出相对较低。在这种情况下，人们开始从不同角度讨论光伏-电动汽车集成解决方案的合理性。本研究旨在利用制造商提供的市场上太阳能辅助电动汽车的数据，对光伏-电动汽车集成进行现实评估。评估分为三类：基于投资回收期的财务评估、基于碳排放的环境评估和基于充电依赖性的使用评估。研究结果表明，集成到当代太阳能辅助市场车辆中的光伏系统可在 8.7 年内获得投资回报。从环保角度来看，混合动力汽车的碳排放量最多可减少 12%，而全电动汽车的碳排放量最多可减少 32.5%。基于使用情况的评估显示，光伏-电动汽车一体化对于日常出行距离较短的国家尤为有利。根据评估结果，在车辆中使用光伏电池板有可能将无需充电的使用时间延长多达 170%。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental optimization of the performance and energy distribution of a direct injection hydrogen engine with analysis of application to onboard hydrogen storage methods 通过实验优化直喷式氢气发动机的性能和能量分布，并分析其在车载氢气储存方法中的应用

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104034

Shi-wei Zhang , Bai-gang Sun , Yong Gui , Qing-he Luo , Ling-zhi Bao , Felix Leach

Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H₂ICE) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been proven to offer high thermal efficiency and sufficient power density for light-duty vehicles. Gaseous, high-pressure, compressed hydrogen is widely used for onboard hydrogen storage, but its low storage density and the high-security risk are a concern. Other hydrogen storage methods have advantages in safety or density but require high heated temperatures or large dehydrogenation energy which is difficult for PEMFC. However, higher exhaust temperatures of over 400℃ and energy from hot (∼100℃) coolant from H₂ICE provide the potential for applying other hydrogen storage methods. In this paper, the performance of a 2.0 L turbocharged direct injection H₂ICE was optimized by applying a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) to gain better intake flow with a high power of 124.8 kW. Effects of five significant parameters of engine speeds, intake valve timing, VGT opening, injection timing, and intake pressure are explored using 1st and 2nd law energy balance analysis to gain the maximum BTE of 43.03 %. The potential of various hydrogen storage methods is evaluated by comparing onboard hydrogen producing temperature and required exergy against that available from the engine. The availability of applying new onboard hydrogen storage methods including all physical storage categories and some material storage methods has been demonstrated.

氢气内燃机（H2ICE）和质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）已被证明可为轻型汽车提供较高的热效率和足够的功率密度。气态、高压、压缩氢被广泛用于车载氢存储，但其存储密度低和高安全风险令人担忧。其他储氢方法在安全性或密度方面具有优势，但需要较高的加热温度或较大的脱氢能量，这对 PEMFC 来说是很困难的。然而，400℃ 以上的较高排气温度和来自 H2ICE 的热（100℃）冷却液的能量为应用其他储氢方法提供了可能。本文通过应用可变几何涡轮增压器（VGT）优化了 2.0 L 涡轮增压直喷式 H2ICE 的性能，以获得更好的进气流，并获得 124.8 kW 的高功率。利用第一和第二定律能量平衡分析，探讨了发动机转速、进气门正时、VGT 开度、喷射正时和进气压力这五个重要参数的影响，以获得 43.03 % 的最大 BTE。通过比较车载氢气产生温度和所需放热量与发动机提供的温度和放热量，评估了各种氢气存储方法的潜力。新的车载氢气存储方法包括所有物理存储类别和一些材料存储方法，这些方法的可用性已得到证实。

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引用次数: 0

Fuzzy multi-objective optimization model for carbon emissions during water supply based on life cycle assessment 基于生命周期评估的供水过程碳排放模糊多目标优化模型

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104027

Zongzhi Wang , Long Jiang , Wenhua Wan , Kun Wang , Ying Bai

The rising global carbon emissions from energy use in the water sectors highlight the need to research water supply allocation focusing on carbon footprint. This study introduced a non-exact optimization method for water resource allocation, focusing on the relationship between water supply and carbon emissions of energy consumption. It aimed to balance carbon emission reduction and minimize water supply costs, particularly emphasizing the mitigation of carbon emissions from unconventional water sources. This method can handle uncertainties in the objective function and constraint conditions, and provide decision-makers with optimal water resource allocation strategies under different confidence levels (λ) and optimistic-pessimistic parameters (γ). The results showed that: (1) under different γ values, the water shortage of Weihai was [0.99, 1.13] × 10⁸ m³, but the degree of water shortage was greater under different λ values; (2) increasing local water availability can reduce carbon emissions in the water supply process more effectively than increasing the proportion of clean energy generation; (3) in an ideal situation, the carbon emissions per unit of seawater desalination can be reduced to around [0.68, 0.83] kg/m³. The model can provide reasonable management strategies for water supply systems and handle multiple uncertainties in the decision-making process.

全球水行业能源消耗的碳排放量不断上升，这凸显了研究以碳足迹为重点的供水分配的必要性。本研究引入了水资源配置的非精确优化方法，重点关注供水与能源消耗碳排放之间的关系。该方法旨在平衡碳减排与供水成本最小化之间的关系，特别强调减缓非常规水源的碳排放。该方法可以处理目标函数和约束条件中的不确定性，并在不同置信度（λ）和乐观-悲观参数（γ）下为决策者提供最优水资源配置策略。结果表明(1）不同γ值下，威海缺水量为[0.99，1.13]×108 m3，但不同λ值下缺水程度更大；（2）与提高清洁能源发电比例相比，增加本地水供应量能更有效地减少供水过程中的碳排放；（3）在理想情况下，单位海水淡化量的碳排放可降低到[0.68，0.83]kg/m3左右。该模型可为供水系统提供合理的管理策略，并处理决策过程中的多种不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing non-edible Quercus incana seeds for sustainable and clean biodiesel production using seed-derived green Al2O3 nanocatalyst 利用源自种子的绿色 Al2O3 纳米催化剂，利用非食用柞树种子生产可持续的清洁生物柴油

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104025

Mumna Munir , Mushtaq Ahmad , Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli , Lixin Zhang , Sokhib Islamov , Shazia Sultana , Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy , Ahmad Mustafa , Mamoona Munir , Bisha Chaudhry , Maria Hamayun , Sarwar Khawaja

The challenges of resource scarcity and waste deposition have increased raw material costs and imposed stricter waste management regulations. This study presents the first attempt to utilize high oil-yielding Quercus incana seeds (55.77 wt%, 0.28 % FFA) as a novel waste feedstock for synthesizing a bio-fabricated Al₂O₃ nanocatalyst and its application in producing high-quality biodiesel. A maximum biodiesel yield of 97.6 % was achieved under optimal conditions, including a 1:9 oil-to-methanol ratio, a 120-minute reaction time at 70 °C, and 0.25 % catalyst concentration. The formation of biodiesel was confirmed through various analytical techniques, such as ¹H- and ¹³C NMR, FTIR, and GC–MS. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel, including sulfur content (0.00047 wt%), TAC (0.20 mg KOH/g), cloud point, and pour point (−11 °C), were analyzed and compared to international biodiesel standards to ensure its stability, sustainability, and eco-friendliness. The production of biodiesel from Quercus incana, a non-edible, uncultivated waste feedstock, supports a greener revolution and a net-zero carbon society. It also promotes smarter waste management practices globally.

资源稀缺和废物沉积带来的挑战增加了原材料成本，并实施了更严格的废物管理条例。本研究首次尝试利用高产油的柞树种子（55.77 wt%，0.28 % FFA）作为新型废弃物原料，合成生物制造的 Al2O3 纳米催化剂，并将其应用于生产高质量生物柴油。在最佳条件下，包括油甲醇比为 1:9、反应时间为 120 分钟、温度为 70 °C、催化剂浓度为 0.25 %，生物柴油的最高产量达到 97.6 %。生物柴油的形成通过各种分析技术（如 1H- 和 13C NMR、傅立叶变换红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱）得到了证实。此外，还分析了生物柴油的理化性质，包括硫含量（0.00047 wt%）、TAC（0.20 mg KOH/g）、浊点和倾点（-11 °C），并与国际生物柴油标准进行了比较，以确保其稳定性、可持续性和生态友好性。利用柞树（一种非食用、非耕种的废物原料）生产生物柴油，有助于实现绿色革命和净零碳社会。它还能在全球范围内推广更智能的废物管理方法。

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引用次数: 0

Recent developments in solar-powered refrigeration systems and energy storage methods for on-farm preservation of fruits and vegetables 用于农场水果和蔬菜保鲜的太阳能制冷系统和储能方法的最新发展情况

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104032

Mahipal Singh Tomar, Rama Chandra Pradhan

There is a strong demand for food and energy security to attain sustainable development in developing countries. Solar refrigeration systems (SRS) offer a crucial solution for reducing fruit and vegetable (F&V) loss and addressing energy and environmental challenges. SRS has the potential to decentralize cold storage operations for F&V preservation, significantly reducing the carbon footprint. This paper aims to provide the fundamental concept and principle of different solar refrigeration technologies and eco-friendly energy storage methods for F&V preservation. It presents a detailed review of past efforts on solar cooling systems, development, and application for F&V storage. This study reviews various research articles in the field of solar cooling systems and their integration with cold thermal energy storage (CTES) performance studies for F&V preservation reported. Solar cold storage systems are classified into solar thermal, solar evaporative, and solar electric refrigeration systems. SRS adoption can prevent the CO₂ emission rate by 0.784 0.784 KgCO₂/kWh during F&Vs preservation. Solar PV vapour compression systems are simple, require less maintenance, and present higher COP than other. Additionally, Solar thermoelectric, evaporative, and single-effect absorption systems presented COP less than 1. The integration of cold thermal energy storage with a solar refrigeration system (SRS) will be the next-generation alternative for battery-based backup, which has the potential to run the system at low cost and net-zero carbon emission-based F&V storage. CTES is classified into latent and sensible heat-based energy storage. Latent heat storage systems store cold energy 10–15 times greater than sensible heat storage systems.

发展中国家为实现可持续发展，对粮食和能源安全有着强烈的需求。太阳能制冷系统（SRS）为减少水果和蔬菜（F&V）损失以及应对能源和环境挑战提供了重要的解决方案。太阳能制冷系统具有分散果蔬保鲜冷藏作业的潜力，可显著减少碳足迹。本文旨在介绍不同太阳能制冷技术的基本概念和原理，以及用于 F&V 保鲜的生态友好型储能方法。它详细回顾了过去在太阳能制冷系统、开发和应用于 F&V 储存方面所做的努力。本研究综述了太阳能制冷系统领域的各种研究文章，以及将其与冷热蓄能（CTES）集成用于 F&V 保鲜的性能研究报告。太阳能蓄冷系统分为太阳能热系统、太阳能蒸发系统和太阳能电制冷系统。采用太阳能蓄冷系统可使食品和饮料保鲜过程中的二氧化碳排放量减少 0.784 0.784 KgCO2/kWh。与其他系统相比，太阳能光伏蒸气压缩系统简单，维护要求低，COP 值高。此外，太阳能热电、蒸发和单效吸收系统的 COP 小于 1。冷热能储存与太阳能制冷系统（SRS）的整合将成为下一代备用电池的替代品，它具有以低成本和净零碳排放为基础的 F&V 储存系统运行的潜力。CTES 可分为潜热和显热储能。潜热储能系统储存的冷能是显热储能系统的 10-15 倍。

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引用次数: 0

2D-3D electron transfer functions and stability of sustainable graphitic biocarbon for bipolar plate application 用于双极板应用的可持续石墨生物碳的 2D-3D 电子转移功能和稳定性

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104024

Nazmus Saadat , Otavio Titton Dias , Kok Long Ng , Ka Ho Chan , Shaffiq Jaffer , Gisele Azimi , Kristiina Oksman , Mohini Sain

Biocarbon being a highly demanding renewable source of carbon is important for many applications such as soil enrichment, electronic applications, etc. In this research, sustainable waste biomass-to-energy materials conversion, kinetic, thermodynamic and electronic properties of carbonized forest biomaterials were investigated to evaluate their high-potential in bipolar plate for fuel cell application. In thermogravimetric analysis, the lignin biocarbon showed the least activation energy of 95 KJ/mol compared to 127 and 145 KJ/mol for hardwood and softwood biocarbons respectively. The crystallographic nature of carbonized ligneous and cellulosic biomaterials was also investigated, showing its intrinsic properties and exotic functionality through semi-metallic properties determined from density function theory, transmission electron microscopy and UV–Vis absorption. Finally, the electrochemical properties of bio-carbon composites were examined to prove stability and corrosion resistance comparable to metallic plates. Biocarbon composites showed high polarization resistance up to 5.96 kΩ-cm² with non-reactive properties, favorable to use in bipolar plates as an alternative to metallic plate which is expensive and prone to corrosion. Overall, sustainable biocarbon shows its ability as a high-performance functional material alternative to expensive nanofillers as well as to enhance the attributes of the bipolar plate composite by increasing connectivity between primary filler and insulating resin.

生物碳作为一种高要求的可再生碳源，在许多应用领域都具有重要意义，如土壤增肥、电子应用等。本研究以可持续的废弃生物质转化为能源材料为研究对象，对碳化森林生物材料的动力学、热力学和电子学特性进行了研究，以评估其在燃料电池双极板中的应用潜力。在热重分析中，木质素生物碳的活化能最低，为 95 KJ/mol，而硬木和软木生物碳的活化能分别为 127 和 145 KJ/mol。此外，还研究了碳化木质素和纤维素生物材料的晶体学性质，通过密度函数理论、透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见吸收确定的半金属性质，显示了其内在特性和奇特功能。最后，还研究了生物碳复合材料的电化学特性，以证明其稳定性和耐腐蚀性可与金属板媲美。生物碳复合材料显示出高达 5.96 kΩ-cm2 的极化电阻和非反应特性，有利于在双极板中使用，以替代昂贵且易腐蚀的金属板。总之，可持续生物碳显示了其作为高性能功能材料的能力，可替代昂贵的纳米填料，并通过提高主填料和绝缘树脂之间的连接性来增强双极板复合材料的属性。

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引用次数: 0

Performance analysis on a hybrid system of wind, photovoltaic, thermal, storage, CO2 sequestration and space heating 风能、光伏、热能、储能、二氧化碳封存和空间供暖混合系统的性能分析

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104026

Xianbiao Bu , Kunqing Jiang , Sihao Huang , Bo Feng , Guiling Wang , Yujiang He

The combined heat and power generation (CHP) is an efficient and economical solution to the intermittency and instability faced by renewable energy power and however, the heat-power coupling lowers its regulation depth. Thermal energy storage is a valid measure to solve the above problem, however, the major bottleneck is lack of thermal energy storage ways with large capacity, high efficiency, low cost and longtime simultaneously. Here, a novel hybrid system of wind-photovoltaic-thermal-storage-CO₂ sequestration-space heating is proposed, which can store thermal energy and sequestrate CO₂ in saline aquifer simultaneously. The results show heat extraction power, energy storage capacity, energy storage density and thermal recovery efficiency for the hybrid system are respectively 6391.14 kW, 66263.36 GJ, 23276.37 kJ/m³ and 81.17 %. The hybrid system extends the adjustable range of CHP from 200 MW to 700 MW through thermal energy storage and heat-power decoupling, thus accommodating more renewable energy power. The amount of sequestrated CO₂ captured from exhaust gas of thermal power station is 2,306,880 tons, equivalent to 854,400 tons of standard coal in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the repeated injection and extraction of working gas in the hybrid system accelerates CO₂ solubility in saline aquifer.

热电联产（CHP）是解决可再生能源发电间歇性和不稳定性的一种高效、经济的方法，但热电耦合降低了其调节深度。热能储存是解决上述问题的有效措施，但目前的主要瓶颈是缺乏同时具有大容量、高效率、低成本和长期性的热能储存方式。本文提出了一种新型的风能-光伏-热能-二氧化碳封存-空间供热混合系统，该系统可同时在含盐含水层中存储热能和封存二氧化碳。结果表明，混合系统的采热功率、储能容量、储能密度和热回收效率分别为 6391.14 kW、66263.36 GJ、23276.37 kJ/m3 和 81.17 %。通过热能储存和热功率解耦，混合系统将热电联产的可调节范围从 200 兆瓦扩大到 700 兆瓦，从而可容纳更多的可再生能源发电。从热电站废气中捕获的二氧化碳封存量为 2,306,880 吨，相当于 854,400 吨标准煤的二氧化碳排放量。此外，混合系统中工作气体的反复注入和抽取加速了二氧化碳在含盐含水层中的溶解。

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引用次数: 0

Optical power monitoring systems for offshore wind farms: A literature review 海上风电场的光功率监测系统：文献综述

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104029

Sthitapragyan Mohanty , A.K. Ramasamy , Asit Mohanty , Pragyan P. Mohanty , Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar , T.M. Yunus Khan , Erdem Cuce

Photonics has become a potential technology for improving power monitoring in offshore wind turbines, providing creative solutions to overcome the difficulties presented by the far and harsh conditions of offshore wind farms. This study examines the uses of photonics in offshore wind energy, with a specific emphasis on how it enhances the effectiveness, dependability, and security of power monitoring systems. Photonics allows for the real-time monitoring of essential factors such as temperature, strain, and vibration by utilizing optical fibers, sensors, and imaging technologies. The enhanced monitoring capabilities enhance turbine performance, identify early indications of defects, and enable predictive maintenance techniques, ultimately minimizing downtime and enhancing overall operating efficiency. Moreover, power monitoring systems based on photonics have the opportunity for cost savings and environmental advantages, rendering them a highly appealing solution for the offshore wind energy industry.

光子学已成为改进海上风力涡轮机电力监控的潜在技术，为克服海上风电场遥远而恶劣的条件所带来的困难提供了创造性的解决方案。本研究探讨了光子学在近海风能中的应用，特别强调了光子学如何提高电力监控系统的有效性、可靠性和安全性。光子技术可利用光纤、传感器和成像技术对温度、应变和振动等重要因素进行实时监控。增强的监测能力可提高涡轮机性能，识别早期缺陷迹象，并实现预测性维护技术，最终最大限度地减少停机时间，提高整体运行效率。此外，基于光子技术的电力监控系统还具有节约成本和环保优势，是海上风能行业极具吸引力的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of merits and demerits of perpendicular and slanted photovoltaic/thermal facades 评估垂直和倾斜光伏/热外墙的优缺点

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104033

Javad Bezaatpour , Towhid Gholizadeh , Mojtaba Bezaatpour , Hadi Ghaebi

This study compares the thermal and electrical energy production potential and wind load assessment of perpendicular versus slanted photovoltaic (PV) facades. The goal is to identify the optimal facade orientation for societal adoption based on energy efficiency and wind load considerations. Using Hybrid RANS/LES models, the aerodynamic performance and energy yield of both orientations are analyzed under varying angles and environmental conditions. The findings show that while the slanted façade is better designed to capture solar irradiance, it produces 4 to 8 % less energy than the perpendicular façade and yields approximately 2 % less exergy efficiency due to wind regime. However, the slanted design reduces wind load by 9.8 %, enhancing structural stability. The maximum thermal energy output of 217 kW is recorded from the perpendicular façade at a wind speed of 1 m/s, while the slanted façade generates a peak electrical power of 68 kW at 8 m/s wind speed. Overall, the perpendicular façade underscores more efficient in equal weather conditions, making it a sustainable choice for PV installation. These results provide valuable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers in optimizing PV facade design for urban environments.

本研究比较了垂直和倾斜光伏（PV）外墙的热能和电能生产潜力以及风荷载评估。目的是根据能效和风荷载考虑因素，确定社会采用的最佳外墙朝向。利用混合 RANS/LES 模型，分析了两种朝向在不同角度和环境条件下的空气动力性能和能量产出。研究结果表明，虽然斜面幕墙的设计能更好地捕捉太阳辐照度，但其产生的能量却比垂直幕墙少 4% 到 8%，而且由于风力的影响，其放电效率也比垂直幕墙低约 2%。不过，斜面设计可将风荷载降低 9.8%，从而增强结构的稳定性。风速为 1 米/秒时，垂直外墙的最大热能输出为 217 千瓦，而风速为 8 米/秒时，斜面外墙的峰值电功率为 68 千瓦。总体而言，垂直外墙在同等天气条件下效率更高，因此是光伏安装的可持续选择。这些结果为建筑师、工程师和决策者优化城市环境中的光伏外墙设计提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The power law of resource abundance and their corresponding extraction: Evidence to be accounted in the frame of the critical raw materials initiatives for the energy transition 资源丰度及其相应开采的幂律：在能源转型关键原材料倡议框架内应考虑的证据

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2024.104022

A. Zanoletti, M. Massa, L.E. Depero, E. Bontempi

Responsible sourcing of minerals and metals is critical for the transition to a low-carbon energy system. The increased demand for these materials requires a shift towards more efficient and environmentally friendly mining practices, as well as better recycling and reuse of these materials. Based on a transdisciplinary approach, in this work, the power law, normally used to model biological systems, is applied for the first time to model the relationship between the abundance of strategic elements and their extraction, at different times (in 1999 and 2023). An increase in the exponent of the power law when analyzing materials production data in 1999 and 2023 (the data can be fitted by two power laws with an exponent of 0.61 and 0.74, respectively) suggests changes in production dynamics, which could be driven by factors such as increased demand, improved efficiency, resource diversification, regulatory changes, market dynamics, or environmental considerations. Understanding these changes is crucial for assessing the sustainability and long-term viability of material production systems. Overall, the proposed power law offers a valuable framework for analyzing the dynamic relationship between material abundance and production over time, providing insights that can inform decision-making and support efforts toward sustainable resource management and economic development. This is particularly important with the recently established policies about the increase of mining activities in the EU countries.

Based on these findings, this study suggests several priority actions, to achieve the objectives of the Critical Raw Materials Act, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the proposed European plan to increase the availability of strategic materials. This involves diversifying resource inputs, promoting renewable and alternative materials, and adopting practices that prioritize conservation and responsible stewardship of natural resources.

负责任地采购矿物和金属对于向低碳能源系统过渡至关重要。随着对这些材料需求的增加，需要向更高效、更环保的采矿方式转变，并更好地回收和再利用这些材料。基于跨学科方法，本研究首次将通常用于模拟生物系统的幂律用于模拟不同时期（1999 年和 2023 年）战略元素丰度与开采量之间的关系。在分析 1999 年和 2023 年的材料生产数据时，幂律指数的增加（数据可由指数分别为 0.61 和 0.74 的两个幂律拟合）表明生产动态发生了变化，其驱动因素可能是需求增加、效率提高、资源多样化、监管变化、市场动态或环境因素。了解这些变化对于评估材料生产系统的可持续性和长期可行性至关重要。总体而言，拟议的幂律为分析材料丰度与生产之间随时间变化的动态关系提供了一个宝贵的框架，可为决策提供依据，并为实现可持续资源管理和经济发展提供支持。基于这些发现，本研究提出了几项优先行动建议，以实现《关键原材料法》的目标，从而提高拟议欧洲计划的有效性，增加战略材料的可用性。这包括使资源投入多样化，推广可再生和替代材料，以及采取优先保护和负责任地管理自然资源的做法。

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引用次数: 0