Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry最新文献

Synthetic musks (SMs) are commonly found in everyday household items and are introduced into the ecosystem via domestic wastewater, rendering them notable contaminants in both the environment and food sources. Given the intricate nature of sample matrices and the low concentrations of these compounds, the utilization of more sensitive and reliable techniques is imperative for sample preparation. Microextraction, characterized by its high efficiency and stability for environmentally friendly analysis, has demonstrated superiority in various studies and has shown advancements in structural design and the application of novel materials in recent years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in microextraction techniques for the analysis of SMs, focusing on different sample types from 2017 to 2023. The applications of different microextraction techniques in different samples are summarized, highlighting both the major advancements and notable limitations. The discussed techniques include directly immersion solid-phase microextraction, headspace solid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive microextraction, thin film microextraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction, and dispersive solid-phase microextraction. Liquid phase microextraction methods, such as hollow fiber liquid-liquid microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted electronic membrane extraction, provide alternative approaches for analyzing complex samples. The utilization of modern methodologies and innovative materials underscores the growing emphasis on green chemistry and environmentally friendly practices in the sample preparation of small molecules.

The hyphenation of ion mobility separation (IMS) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) presents a milestone in the screening of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in complex environmental matrices. Its use has become progressively more widespread in environmental analysis and has led to the development of novel analytical strategies. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages of using IMS-HRMS instrumentation, with a special focus on environmental screening studies. IMS provides an additional parameter for OMP identification, a reduction of spectral background noise and the power to resolve isomeric/isobaric coeluting interferences. These advantages lead to a reduction of false positive identifications. By describing the fundamentals and rationale behind the observed advancements, we highlight areas for further development that will unlock new potential of IMS-HRMS. For example, an enhanced availability of empirical IMS data following the FAIR principles, a better standardization of IMS-HRMS data processing workflows and a higher IMS resolving power are possible ways to advance the use of IMS-HRMS instruments for the analysis of complex environmental samples.

Harmful pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metal ions, and antibiotics, pose significant threats to global food security and ecological safety; seriously damage human health; and hinder the green and sustainable development of modern society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for methods to accurate detect these harmful pollutants. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in nanomimetic research on hydrolases, which are the most common and abundant class of natural enzymes. Researchers have developed a variety of biomimetic hydrolases (also known as nanohydrolases) based on nanomaterials for detecting harmful contaminants (including pesticides, antibiotics, and heavy metal ions) in food and ecological environments. However, to date, there have been few reviews on the use of nanohydrolases for pollutant sensing. Herein, we classify the carrier materials and the types of chemical bonds hydrolyzed by nanohydrolases. Then, we summarize the application of nanohydrolases for sensing harmful pollutants. This study provides guidance for the development of nanohydrolases and contributes to the expansion of nanoenzyme-based sensing of environmental pollutants.

Globally, fluoroquinolones are the third largest antimicrobial category. These molecules can enter natural biota either in unmetabolized or partially metabolised form and undergoes further transformation depending on biotic and abiotic factors in aqueous and terrestrial ecosystems, which can lead to antimicrobial resistance. This requires timely monitoring and prediction of fluoroquinolone and metabolite changes. The physiochemical flexibility of fluoroquinolones, complicated sampling combinations, and matrix interference in sample preparation and detection could give misleading quantifying results. These complex and massive data sets require rigorous statistical and mathematical data processing approaches to detect analytical fingerprints/patterns, and point - nonpoint source discrimination. This paper has critically reviewed the use of predictive and exploratory chemometric models to identify the patterns and resolve overlapping, asymmetric peaks and multicollinearity fluoroquinolone spectrum data raised from several separative and non-separative detection techniques. Moreover, this review also highlights the crucial parameters involved in determining fluoroquinolones in real-time samples, challenges, and research gaps associated with current analytical techniques. The approach also prioritises the integration of clustering, classification and regression-based chemometrics to achieve justifiable accurate results. This review will address fluoroquinolone detection challenges and help the government and research community to develop better regulatory policies, analytical methods, and mitigation strategies to protect life-saving antibiotics.

In recent years, advancements in separation techniques have been made by the use of magnetic characteristics in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have benefits over traditional molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) in sample pretreatment because of their larger specific surface areas and highly accessible particular binding sites, which result in excellent specificity and selectivity toward analytes. MMIPs are easily separated from a variety of complicated matrices and have a high adsorption capability. They play an essential role in the efficient extraction of various analytes from a variety of matrices, including water, soil, food and its derivatives, plant extraction, fruits and vegetables, and various biological samples. Additionally, MMIPs have the major benefit of being a green chemistry approach, whether in synthesis or applications; as a result, they effectively reduce pollution in the environment and minimize the use of resources. A variety of MMIP applications from 2019 to 2023 were reviewed in this work. The various approaches and procedures utilized to create MMIPs are covered in this review. In addition, a brief description of several MMIP-based analytical techniques is provided in this manuscript, along with information on various aspects such as their adsorption capacity, equilibrium time, limit of detection, extraction recovery, and recyclability assessment. The types of porogen and functional monomer used have the greatest effect on the efficiency and reusability of the constructed MMIPs. On the contrary, the cross-linker type has no prominent effect on the efficiency and reusability of the constructed MMIPs. Future opportunities and current obstacles to better promote MMIPs features are also covered. This publication served as a comprehensive assessment of a number of analytes in various matrices recovered by MMIP, including pollutants, dyes, natural components, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides. As a result, it can serve as a guide for creating new MMIP-based analytical techniques for a range of uses.