Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00290
Yunling Shao , Miao Wang , Yongxin She , Zhen Cao , Fen Jin , Maojun Jin , Jing Wang , A.M. Abd El-Aty
Small-molecule contaminants (SMCs), including pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, and heavy metals, threaten food safety and human health. Traditional detection methods such as chromatography and immunoassays are accurate but costly, time-consuming, and less practical for rapid screening. Peptides have emerged as promising alternatives because of their small size, modifiability, high specificity, and compatibility with sensor platforms. This review integrates developments in traditional peptide screening, computational design, and analytical applications for detecting SMCs in food. It critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of current methods while exploring how artificial intelligence and nanomaterial-based strategies enhance peptide performance. By bridging peptide engineering and analytical chemistry, this review provides practical insights for developing rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive detection tools. It also identifies knowledge gaps and future opportunities, guiding both experienced researchers and newcomers to advance peptide-based assays toward real-world applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.
{"title":"Peptide screening, design, and application for detecting small-molecule contaminants in food","authors":"Yunling Shao , Miao Wang , Yongxin She , Zhen Cao , Fen Jin , Maojun Jin , Jing Wang , A.M. Abd El-Aty","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-molecule contaminants (SMCs), including pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, and heavy metals, threaten food safety and human health. Traditional detection methods such as chromatography and immunoassays are accurate but costly, time-consuming, and less practical for rapid screening. Peptides have emerged as promising alternatives because of their small size, modifiability, high specificity, and compatibility with sensor platforms. This review integrates developments in traditional peptide screening, computational design, and analytical applications for detecting SMCs in food. It critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of current methods while exploring how artificial intelligence and nanomaterial-based strategies enhance peptide performance. By bridging peptide engineering and analytical chemistry, this review provides practical insights for developing rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive detection tools. It also identifies knowledge gaps and future opportunities, guiding both experienced researchers and newcomers to advance peptide-based assays toward real-world applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article e00290"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00288
Marcos Levi C.M. dos Reis , Lucas F.M. dos Santos , Leonardo B. Guimarães , Luciano A. de Albuquerque , Rodolfo M.M. Santana , Daniele C.M.B. dos Santos , Leonardo S.G. Teixeira , Fabio de S. Dias
Anthropogenic activities are the primary sources of potentially toxic elements released into the environment. Bees and their products, such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, geopropolis, and beeswax, can accumulate these contaminants through contact with air, water, soil, and vegetation, making them valuable bioindicators for environmental monitoring. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent scientific literature (2020–2025) on the application of atomic spectrometric techniques for elemental determination in bee-related matrices, with a focus on their role in biomonitoring. Among the studies reviewed, bees, pollen, and honey are the most frequently examined samples, each with over 4600 publications in their peak years, while propolis and geopropolis remain less studied, despite their growing importance. The review highlights the increasing use of plasma-based spectrometric techniques, particularly ICP-OES and ICP-MS, because of their high sensitivity, multielement analysis capability, and robustness for trace-level detection. Sample preparation using wet acid digestion remains the most common method, although it is increasingly being complemented or replaced by simpler, more sustainable alternatives, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and direct dilution. The review also discusses innovative ways to interpret contamination data, including ecological risk indices and bioaccumulation metrics, such as the Overlap Bioaccumulation Index (OBI), which enables comparison of biomonitoring potential across matrices. Overall, this work presents a comprehensive and integrated perspective on current analytical methods and emerging trends in utilizing bees and their products for environmental assessment, offering guidance for future research and standardized monitoring protocols.
{"title":"Atomic spectrometric techniques in bees and beehive products analysis for elemental determination and their use as environmental indicators","authors":"Marcos Levi C.M. dos Reis , Lucas F.M. dos Santos , Leonardo B. Guimarães , Luciano A. de Albuquerque , Rodolfo M.M. Santana , Daniele C.M.B. dos Santos , Leonardo S.G. Teixeira , Fabio de S. Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic activities are the primary sources of potentially toxic elements released into the environment. Bees and their products, such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, geopropolis, and beeswax, can accumulate these contaminants through contact with air, water, soil, and vegetation, making them valuable bioindicators for environmental monitoring. This review compiles and critically evaluates recent scientific literature (2020–2025) on the application of atomic spectrometric techniques for elemental determination in bee-related matrices, with a focus on their role in biomonitoring. Among the studies reviewed, bees, pollen, and honey are the most frequently examined samples, each with over 4600 publications in their peak years, while propolis and geopropolis remain less studied, despite their growing importance. The review highlights the increasing use of plasma-based spectrometric techniques, particularly ICP-OES and ICP-MS, because of their high sensitivity, multielement analysis capability, and robustness for trace-level detection. Sample preparation using wet acid digestion remains the most common method, although it is increasingly being complemented or replaced by simpler, more sustainable alternatives, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction and direct dilution. The review also discusses innovative ways to interpret contamination data, including ecological risk indices and bioaccumulation metrics, such as the Overlap Bioaccumulation Index (OBI), which enables comparison of biomonitoring potential across matrices. Overall, this work presents a comprehensive and integrated perspective on current analytical methods and emerging trends in utilizing bees and their products for environmental assessment, offering guidance for future research and standardized monitoring protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00288"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure assessment is a key element of environmental research because it examines the interactions between people and environmental factors that may pose health risks and affect health conditions. Key compounds for assessing indoor air exposure include particulate matter (PM) such as PM10 and PM2.5, representatives of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), inorganic pollutants, as well as microbial pathogens. Determining the routes of exposure—whether through inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or absorption through mucous membranes—is critical to assess the potential health effects. Accurate exposure assessment is important for identifying health hazards and developing regulations and protective measures. This paper provides a review of, comparison of traditional sampling techniques with newer, non-conventional approaches (sensors application and individual silicone samplers). The essential element of this work is the collection of current literature information on different types of approaches to assess the degree of exposure of occupants of enclosed areas to harmful chemical compounds present in different types of indoor environments – household or work environments. In addition, a summary of current legal regulations concerning monitored parameters, sampling techniques used, and methods applied to estimate health risks was also presented. It was observed that in most cases the level of exposure of users to harmful chemical compounds was estimated based on the determined total levels of a specific group of compounds such as sum of organophosphate flame retardants (FRs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). A more detailed assessment of the human exposure level was performed in the case of the determination of individual VOCs like benzene or xylenes and trace elements such as Cd and Ni.
{"title":"Different approaches, but one goal – An overview of various methods adopted to perform the human health risk assessment regarding to chemical pollutants in indoor environment","authors":"Karolina Budnarowska , Michalina Pielaszewska , Mariusz Marć","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure assessment is a key element of environmental research because it examines the interactions between people and environmental factors that may pose health risks and affect health conditions. Key compounds for assessing indoor air exposure include particulate matter (PM) such as PM10 and PM2.5, representatives of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), inorganic pollutants, as well as microbial pathogens. Determining the routes of exposure—whether through inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or absorption through mucous membranes—is critical to assess the potential health effects. Accurate exposure assessment is important for identifying health hazards and developing regulations and protective measures. This paper provides a review of, comparison of traditional sampling techniques with newer, non-conventional approaches (sensors application and individual silicone samplers). The essential element of this work is the collection of current literature information on different types of approaches to assess the degree of exposure of occupants of enclosed areas to harmful chemical compounds present in different types of indoor environments – household or work environments. In addition, a summary of current legal regulations concerning monitored parameters, sampling techniques used, and methods applied to estimate health risks was also presented. It was observed that in most cases the level of exposure of users to harmful chemical compounds was estimated based on the determined total levels of a specific group of compounds such as sum of organophosphate flame retardants (FRs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). A more detailed assessment of the human exposure level was performed in the case of the determination of individual VOCs like benzene or xylenes and trace elements such as Cd and Ni.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00287"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00286
Kun Zhang , Zhilin Guo , Ya Hu , Han Yan , Yanzhou Bao , Bintian Zhang
The detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is of critical environmental and public health importance due to their extreme persistence, bioaccumulative nature and toxicity. Luminescence-based sensing has emerged as a powerful alternative, offering faster response, higher sensitivity, and potential for on-site monitoring compared to traditional detection methods. In this paper, we summarised recent advances in luminescent PFAS sensors and systematically explored design strategies across diverse material platforms. Supramolecular interactions, including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and fluorine–fluorine (F–F) interactions between the recognition interface and PFAS molecules, play an important role in selectively capturing PFAS species and modulating the luminescent response. Despite the significant progress, we also discussed the current challenges and outlined key directions for future research. This review provides implications and guidance for the design and development of luminescent materials for selective and effective PFAS sensing.
{"title":"Supramolecular interactions in luminescent sensing of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)","authors":"Kun Zhang , Zhilin Guo , Ya Hu , Han Yan , Yanzhou Bao , Bintian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is of critical environmental and public health importance due to their extreme persistence, bioaccumulative nature and toxicity. Luminescence-based sensing has emerged as a powerful alternative, offering faster response, higher sensitivity, and potential for on-site monitoring compared to traditional detection methods. In this paper, we summarised recent advances in luminescent PFAS sensors and systematically explored design strategies across diverse material platforms. Supramolecular interactions, including electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and fluorine–fluorine (F–F) interactions between the recognition interface and PFAS molecules, play an important role in selectively capturing PFAS species and modulating the luminescent response. Despite the significant progress, we also discussed the current challenges and outlined key directions for future research. This review provides implications and guidance for the design and development of luminescent materials for selective and effective PFAS sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00286"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing crisis of global water contamination, fueled by rapid industrialization, urban development, and intensified agriculture, has created an urgent need for sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies. Conventional treatment approaches often fall short due to high operational costs, potential secondary pollution, and limited effectiveness against emerging pollutants. In response, green and natural materials have emerged as attractive alternatives for both contaminant removal and water quality monitoring, offering advantages such as biodegradability, ecological safety, cost-efficiency, and wide availability. This review provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in utilizing plant-based adsorbents, agricultural and industrial bio-wastes, natural polymers, clays, algae, microbial biomass, and eco-friendly nanomaterials for water purification. It explores key removal strategies including adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane filtration, bio-based coagulation-flocculation, and bioremediation, demonstrating their effectiveness in targeting heavy metals, organic pollutants, biological contaminants, microplastics, and newly recognized environmental toxins. Furthermore, the integration of these natural materials into portable, low-cost sensing technologies—such as colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescent biosensors—is examined, offering innovative tools for real-time contaminant detection. The review also highlights emerging hybrid systems that combine green nanomaterials with biochar, biopolymers, and metal-based nanoparticles to enhance contaminant removal and multifunctional performance. Key practical considerations, including scalability, material uniformity, environmental impacts, biodegradability, and regulatory challenges, are addressed. A life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective is incorporated to compare the sustainability of these green alternatives with conventional materials. The article concludes by outlining future research opportunities focused on hybrid technologies, smart sensing integration, and circular economy frameworks to support scalable, sustainable, and decentralized water purification solutions.
{"title":"Green solutions for clean water: Natural materials in contaminant detection and removal","authors":"Mithra Geetha, Reyhanath Pilakka Veettil, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing crisis of global water contamination, fueled by rapid industrialization, urban development, and intensified agriculture, has created an urgent need for sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly water treatment technologies. Conventional treatment approaches often fall short due to high operational costs, potential secondary pollution, and limited effectiveness against emerging pollutants. In response, green and natural materials have emerged as attractive alternatives for both contaminant removal and water quality monitoring, offering advantages such as biodegradability, ecological safety, cost-efficiency, and wide availability. This review provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in utilizing plant-based adsorbents, agricultural and industrial bio-wastes, natural polymers, clays, algae, microbial biomass, and eco-friendly nanomaterials for water purification. It explores key removal strategies including adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane filtration, bio-based coagulation-flocculation, and bioremediation, demonstrating their effectiveness in targeting heavy metals, organic pollutants, biological contaminants, microplastics, and newly recognized environmental toxins. Furthermore, the integration of these natural materials into portable, low-cost sensing technologies—such as colorimetric, electrochemical, and fluorescent biosensors—is examined, offering innovative tools for real-time contaminant detection. The review also highlights emerging hybrid systems that combine green nanomaterials with biochar, biopolymers, and metal-based nanoparticles to enhance contaminant removal and multifunctional performance. Key practical considerations, including scalability, material uniformity, environmental impacts, biodegradability, and regulatory challenges, are addressed. A life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective is incorporated to compare the sustainability of these green alternatives with conventional materials. The article concludes by outlining future research opportunities focused on hybrid technologies, smart sensing integration, and circular economy frameworks to support scalable, sustainable, and decentralized water purification solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00285"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00284
Seyed Morteza Naghib , Mohammad Ali Khorasani , Fatemeh Sadat Fateminia , Fariborz Sharifianjazi , Ketevan Tavamaishvili
Improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste, ineffective wastewater treatment, and manufacturing runoff have resulted in enduring drug residues in aquatic habitats. These pollutants bioaccumulate, foster antimicrobial resistance, and present significant threats to both environmental and human health. This study offers a concentrated evaluation of hybrid electrochemical sensors that combine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with functional nanomaterials for the very sensitive detection of drugs in water. This paper highlights recent advancements (2022–2025) in molecularly designed MOFs, post-synthetic alterations, and the incorporation of conductive nanomaterials, which tackle persistent challenges of hydrolytic instability and inadequate conductivity. We critically examine manufacturing methodologies, including in situ metal-organic framework growth on nanomaterial scaffolds, polymer-assisted assembly, and downsized electrode designs, which provide enhanced electron transport, analyte pre-concentration, and field deployability. Case studies demonstrate the detection of antibiotics, analgesics, and hormones in water at nanomolar to femtomolar concentrations, emphasizing reliability in intricate matrices. We delineate existing challenges-sensor fouling, reusability, and commercial scalability-and present solutions including resilient antifouling coatings, multiplexed sensor arrays, and wireless IoT-enabled systems. This focused study seeks to direct future efforts towards the development of scalable, field-deployable MOF/nanomaterial electrochemical sensors for the protection of water quality.
{"title":"From design to detection: MOF-functional nanomaterial hybrids for ultrasensitive electrochemical monitoring pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment","authors":"Seyed Morteza Naghib , Mohammad Ali Khorasani , Fatemeh Sadat Fateminia , Fariborz Sharifianjazi , Ketevan Tavamaishvili","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improper disposal of pharmaceutical waste, ineffective wastewater treatment, and manufacturing runoff have resulted in enduring drug residues in aquatic habitats. These pollutants bioaccumulate, foster antimicrobial resistance, and present significant threats to both environmental and human health. This study offers a concentrated evaluation of hybrid electrochemical sensors that combine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with functional nanomaterials for the very sensitive detection of drugs in water. This paper highlights recent advancements (2022–2025) in molecularly designed MOFs, post-synthetic alterations, and the incorporation of conductive nanomaterials, which tackle persistent challenges of hydrolytic instability and inadequate conductivity. We critically examine manufacturing methodologies, including in situ metal-organic framework growth on nanomaterial scaffolds, polymer-assisted assembly, and downsized electrode designs, which provide enhanced electron transport, analyte pre-concentration, and field deployability. Case studies demonstrate the detection of antibiotics, analgesics, and hormones in water at nanomolar to femtomolar concentrations, emphasizing reliability in intricate matrices. We delineate existing challenges-sensor fouling, reusability, and commercial scalability-and present solutions including resilient antifouling coatings, multiplexed sensor arrays, and wireless IoT-enabled systems. This focused study seeks to direct future efforts towards the development of scalable, field-deployable MOF/nanomaterial electrochemical sensors for the protection of water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00284"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00283
Swagatika Mishra , Siddhesh Puri , Pragyan P. Dash , Patitapaban Mohanty , Suban K. Sahoo , Bigyan R. Jali
Lead (Pb²⁺) contamination in environmental and biological systems causes a significant risk to human health and ecosystems because of its high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Even at trace levels, exposure to lead can result in severe neurological, developmental, and organ-related disorders. Hence, the development of highly sensitive and selective detection methods for Pb²⁺ is crucial. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in lead chromofluorogenic sensors (2015–2024), including Schiff bases, homocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, molecular organic frameworks (MOFs), macrocyclic ligands and nanomaterial-based approaches. The sensing mechanisms, detection limits, response times, and analytical applications in biological and environmental monitoring of the reviewed Pb2 + sensors have been discussed. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of Pb²⁺ sensing technologies are discussed to guide further research in this critical field.
{"title":"Lead(II) sensing in biological and environmental systems: A decade (2015–2024) of fluorescent probe innovations and emerging trends","authors":"Swagatika Mishra , Siddhesh Puri , Pragyan P. Dash , Patitapaban Mohanty , Suban K. Sahoo , Bigyan R. Jali","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb²⁺) contamination in environmental and biological systems causes a significant risk to human health and ecosystems because of its high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. Even at trace levels, exposure to lead can result in severe neurological, developmental, and organ-related disorders. Hence, the development of highly sensitive and selective detection methods for Pb²⁺ is crucial. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in lead chromofluorogenic sensors (2015–2024), including Schiff bases, homocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, molecular organic frameworks (MOFs), macrocyclic ligands and nanomaterial-based approaches. The sensing mechanisms, detection limits, response times, and analytical applications in biological and environmental monitoring of the reviewed Pb<sup>2 +</sup> sensors have been discussed. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives of Pb²⁺ sensing technologies are discussed to guide further research in this critical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00283"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00282
Tianxing Wang , Zhou Qin , Nini Liang , Yucheng Zou , Yongqiang Shi , Junjun Zhang , Tingting Shen , Jian Zhu
Marine biotoxins pose persistent threats to aquatic ecosystems and food safety, calling for advanced monitoring and remediation strategies. This review highlights covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as multifunctional materials for toxin sensing, adsorption, and catalytic degradation under marine conditions. Key advances in framework design, including pore engineering, surface functionalization, and hybridization, are summarized to illustrate how structural control enhances toxin-specific recognition. Representative applications targeting saxitoxin, domoic acid, okadaic acid, and microcystins are highlighted. COF adsorbents show high capacities for lipophilic shellfish toxins (e.g., okadaic acid/dinophysistoxin-1 up to 812/830 mg g⁻¹) and ultrafast adsorption for polar analytes (e.g., domoic acid reaching 66.5 mg g⁻¹ within 7 min), while retaining > 80 % efficiency after multiple regeneration cycles. COF-based sensors achieve detection limits as low as pg mL⁻¹ in seawater and 0.005 µg kg⁻¹ in shellfish. Moreover, mechanistic insights into pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, Freundlich/Langmuir isotherms, binding forces (π–π conjugation, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions), and key signal transduction pathways (photoinduced electron transfer (PET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)) are critically discussed, together with COF-based photocatalytic systems enabling ROS (•OH, 1O2, and O2•⁻)-driven degradation of recalcitrant toxins. Despite these advances, challenges remain regarding scalability, long-term stability, and field deployment. Future opportunities include machine learning-guided COF design, integrated sensing–remediation systems, and alignment with regulatory standards, providing a roadmap toward next-generation solutions for marine toxin management.
{"title":"Latest advances in environmental applications of COFs and their derivatives towards marine biotoxins","authors":"Tianxing Wang , Zhou Qin , Nini Liang , Yucheng Zou , Yongqiang Shi , Junjun Zhang , Tingting Shen , Jian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine biotoxins pose persistent threats to aquatic ecosystems and food safety, calling for advanced monitoring and remediation strategies. This review highlights covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as multifunctional materials for toxin sensing, adsorption, and catalytic degradation under marine conditions. Key advances in framework design, including pore engineering, surface functionalization, and hybridization, are summarized to illustrate how structural control enhances toxin-specific recognition. Representative applications targeting saxitoxin, domoic acid, okadaic acid, and microcystins are highlighted. COF adsorbents show high capacities for lipophilic shellfish toxins (e.g., okadaic acid/dinophysistoxin-1 up to 812/830 mg g⁻¹) and ultrafast adsorption for polar analytes (e.g., domoic acid reaching 66.5 mg g⁻¹ within 7 min), while retaining > 80 % efficiency after multiple regeneration cycles. COF-based sensors achieve detection limits as low as pg mL⁻¹ in seawater and 0.005 µg kg⁻¹ in shellfish. Moreover, mechanistic insights into pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, Freundlich/Langmuir isotherms, binding forces (π–π conjugation, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions), and key signal transduction pathways (photoinduced electron transfer (PET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)) are critically discussed, together with COF-based photocatalytic systems enabling ROS (•OH, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub>•⁻)-driven degradation of recalcitrant toxins. Despite these advances, challenges remain regarding scalability, long-term stability, and field deployment. Future opportunities include machine learning-guided COF design, integrated sensing–remediation systems, and alignment with regulatory standards, providing a roadmap toward next-generation solutions for marine toxin management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00282"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00281
Qing Han , Xixingchi Chen , Ke Li , Hui Huang , Yongxin Li
The analysis and detection of pollutants is one of the important steps in solving environmental problems. Natural enzymes, as efficient catalysts produced in living organisms, can be applied to the detection and sensing of pollutants through their mediated enzymatic reactions. However, the poor environmental stability, complex purification techniques, and high costs of natural enzymes have limited their large-scale application in environmental analysis. Nanozymes, as a class of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, are characterized by high catalytic activity, good stability, low cost, and easy production and preparation. Most nanozymes use transition metals as catalytic active sites. Since copper has multiple oxidation states, nanozymes with copper as the active center typically exhibit multiple activities, particularly some copper-based nanozymes that possess oxidase-like activity, whose catalytic action relies on oxygen. This characteristic has enabled their broader application in environmental analysis (e.g., rapid detection and identification of environmental pollutants). This review discusses the classification of enzyme-like activities of copper-based nanozymes and their design strategies, composition types, and various applications in the field of environmental analysis (rapid detection and identification of environmental pollutants) based mainly on the research of copper-based nanozymes for the analysis of environmental pollutants in the last three years, and summarizes the current status of copper-based nanozymes in environmental analysis (their effectiveness in detecting and identifying environmental pollutants), challenges (low sensitivity, poor selectivity, lack of rational design), and future trends (integration with electrocatalysis, molecular imprinting technology, and rational design based on target substance characteristics). We link the activity of copper-based nanozymes with their corresponding design strategies and discuss approaches to yield copper-based nanozymes with a range of activities. The interactions between the target substances and the signal output generated by copper-based nanozymes are summarized. We believe this will facilitate the further development of practical applications for copper-based nanozymes in environmental analysis.
{"title":"Copper-based nanozymes for environmental analytical applications: A review","authors":"Qing Han , Xixingchi Chen , Ke Li , Hui Huang , Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis and detection of pollutants is one of the important steps in solving environmental problems. Natural enzymes, as efficient catalysts produced in living organisms, can be applied to the detection and sensing of pollutants through their mediated enzymatic reactions. However, the poor environmental stability, complex purification techniques, and high costs of natural enzymes have limited their large-scale application in environmental analysis. Nanozymes, as a class of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, are characterized by high catalytic activity, good stability, low cost, and easy production and preparation. Most nanozymes use transition metals as catalytic active sites. Since copper has multiple oxidation states, nanozymes with copper as the active center typically exhibit multiple activities, particularly some copper-based nanozymes that possess oxidase-like activity, whose catalytic action relies on oxygen. This characteristic has enabled their broader application in environmental analysis (e.g., rapid detection and identification of environmental pollutants). This review discusses the classification of enzyme-like activities of copper-based nanozymes and their design strategies, composition types, and various applications in the field of environmental analysis (rapid detection and identification of environmental pollutants) based mainly on the research of copper-based nanozymes for the analysis of environmental pollutants in the last three years, and summarizes the current status of copper-based nanozymes in environmental analysis (their effectiveness in detecting and identifying environmental pollutants), challenges (low sensitivity, poor selectivity, lack of rational design), and future trends (integration with electrocatalysis, molecular imprinting technology, and rational design based on target substance characteristics). We link the activity of copper-based nanozymes with their corresponding design strategies and discuss approaches to yield copper-based nanozymes with a range of activities. The interactions between the target substances and the signal output generated by copper-based nanozymes are summarized. We believe this will facilitate the further development of practical applications for copper-based nanozymes in environmental analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00281"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00280
Arpita Parakh , Ashish Awate , Sampa Manoranjan Barman , Rakesh K. Kadu , Dhiraj P. Tulaskar , Madhusudan B. Kulkarni , Manish Bhaiyya
Rapid, low-cost detection of contaminants and quality markers is critical across healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications. While traditional laboratory methods remain accurate, they are often slow, expensive, and unsuitable for point-of-care or field use. Colorimetric biosensing offers a simple, affordable, and visually intuitive alternative; however, its dependence on subjective human interpretation introduces bias and limits reproducibility, particularly when subtle color variations arise under different lighting conditions or device types. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and especially deep learning (DL) have transformed these limitations into opportunities by enabling automated, robust, and highly precise analysis. Models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and specialized architectures like ColorNet can directly interpret raw images, extract complex features, and adapt across varied environments, thereby enhancing accuracy and scalability. Through smartphone integration, edge computing, and explainable AI, these systems are now being deployed in diverse real-world scenarios, including biomedical diagnostics, wound and tissue health monitoring, food spoilage and adulteration detection, environmental pollutant sensing, and smart packaging. This review critically examines AI/ML/DL-assisted colorimetric systems, highlights domain-specific applications, and addresses challenges such as dataset generalizability, model interpretability, and regulatory validation, offering practical solutions and future directions for smarter, portable, and accessible biosensing platforms.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning for colorimetric detections: Techniques, applications, and future prospects","authors":"Arpita Parakh , Ashish Awate , Sampa Manoranjan Barman , Rakesh K. Kadu , Dhiraj P. Tulaskar , Madhusudan B. Kulkarni , Manish Bhaiyya","doi":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid, low-cost detection of contaminants and quality markers is critical across healthcare, food safety, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications. While traditional laboratory methods remain accurate, they are often slow, expensive, and unsuitable for point-of-care or field use. Colorimetric biosensing offers a simple, affordable, and visually intuitive alternative; however, its dependence on subjective human interpretation introduces bias and limits reproducibility, particularly when subtle color variations arise under different lighting conditions or device types. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and especially deep learning (DL) have transformed these limitations into opportunities by enabling automated, robust, and highly precise analysis. Models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and specialized architectures like ColorNet can directly interpret raw images, extract complex features, and adapt across varied environments, thereby enhancing accuracy and scalability. Through smartphone integration, edge computing, and explainable AI, these systems are now being deployed in diverse real-world scenarios, including biomedical diagnostics, wound and tissue health monitoring, food spoilage and adulteration detection, environmental pollutant sensing, and smart packaging. This review critically examines AI/ML/DL-assisted colorimetric systems, highlights domain-specific applications, and addresses challenges such as dataset generalizability, model interpretability, and regulatory validation, offering practical solutions and future directions for smarter, portable, and accessible biosensing platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56032,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article e00280"},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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